WO1998046942A1 - Installation et procede pour l'elimination thermique des dechets - Google Patents

Installation et procede pour l'elimination thermique des dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998046942A1
WO1998046942A1 PCT/DE1998/000934 DE9800934W WO9846942A1 WO 1998046942 A1 WO1998046942 A1 WO 1998046942A1 DE 9800934 W DE9800934 W DE 9800934W WO 9846942 A1 WO9846942 A1 WO 9846942A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
fine
melting tank
melting
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/000934
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Tomschi
Bernd Wehner
Rudolf Ahrens-Botzong
Thomas Hartmann
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1998046942A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998046942A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant and a method for thermal waste disposal.
  • a system for thermal waste disposal is known for example from EP 302 310 AI.
  • the delivered waste is converted into smoldering gas and pyrolysis residues in a smoldering chamber.
  • the pyrolysis residue is separated in a residue separator into several fractions sorted according to the grain size. From the separated coarse fraction, valuable materials such as metals or glass can be recycled almost according to type.
  • the carbonization gas from the carbonization chamber and the fine fraction from the residue separation device are fed to a combustion chamber for combustion.
  • the flue gas generated during combustion is cleaned in a connected device for flue gas cleaning.
  • the non-combustible solid which largely accumulates as slag in the combustion chamber, is withdrawn from the combustion chamber and passed into a water bath, where, after cooling, it is glazed, i.e. as leach-proof melt granules.
  • a water bath where, after cooling, it is glazed, i.e. as leach-proof melt granules.
  • Comparable waste treatment plants are known from the article “Eisen im Feuer” from the magazine “Müllmagazin”, No. 3/96, pages 67-69, and from EP 0 767 342 AI.
  • the waste is converted into a smoldering chamber into residual material, which is referred to as "slag", and into Gas converted.
  • All of the "slag" from the smoldering chamber is fed to a melting furnace for further treatment.
  • metals for example copper and iron, are separated.
  • Such a method for treating waste essentially has the disadvantage that valuable materials, such as metals, are combined with the Residual material from the smoldering chamber is first melted and only then separated from the remaining molten slag. The slag from the melting furnace is then granulated. This process therefore requires a great deal of energy to melt the metals, and there is also a risk of melting pollution of the environment by metallic pollutants.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention by a system for thermal waste disposal with a smoldering chamber for converting waste into smoldering gas and residual material, with a combustion chamber connected to the smoldering chamber and with a melting tank arranged after the combustion chamber, which is used to melt a fine-grain solid and is intended for collecting molten slag.
  • the melting tank By arranging the melting tank after the combustion chamber, the slag drawn off from the combustion chamber is collected, and it is ensured that fine-grained solids, which are not completely melted in the combustion chamber, melt completely in the melting tank by a sufficient residence time. A leach-proof, glass-like melting granulate is obtained from this slag by cooling, for example in a water bath. Because of the leaching Stability means that the environment is not exposed to pollutants.
  • the plant has a feed line for fine-grained solids occurring during plant operation and / or for fine-grained solids occurring outside of plant operation, which leads to the melting tank.
  • a feed line can also be used to feed fine-grain solids, which are not fed to the combustion chamber due to their low calorific value or due to their large grain size, directly to the melting tank for melting. Pollutants present in the fine-grain solid are thereby incorporated into the leach-proof melt granulate.
  • fine-grain solids for example fine or fly dust, can also be fed in from other plants via the feed line for fine-grain solids occurring outside the plant operation. This is melted and then a leach-proof granulate can be produced from the slag.
  • the system has a device for gas purification, from which a feed line for fine-grain solid, such as filter dust, that occurs during gas purification leads to the melting tank.
  • a feed line for fine-grain solid, such as filter dust that occurs during gas purification leads to the melting tank.
  • the pollutants present in the filter dust are also safely and environmentally friendly integrated in the leach-proof melt granulate, so that the fly dust does not have to be disposed of separately.
  • a residue separating device is connected to the smoldering chamber on the outlet side, through which the residue m is separated into a fine, a medium and a coarse fraction, the fine fraction of the combustion chamber and the middle fraction being able to be fed to the melting tank as fine-grained solid are.
  • Recyclable materials such as metals, glass or minerals can be recycled from the remaining coarse fraction. Since Even in front of the combustion chamber or in front of the melting tank, metals, especially heavy metals, have already been largely separated, unnecessary accumulation of, for example, metallic pollutants in the slag is avoided.
  • the melting tank ensures, on the one hand, that the fine-grained solid of the middle fraction is completely melted down.
  • the melting trough downstream of the combustion chamber ensures that the entire fine fraction melts in the combustion chamber or at least in the melting trough at the latest.
  • the effort for separating the residual material in the residual material separating device is significantly reduced by ensuring that the fine-grain solid is completely melted, since the requirement for the residual material separating device is a fine fraction for combustion in the combustion chamber with grain sizes up to a maximum of 1 mm, for example separate, is less. Without the melting tank, it had to be ensured that the fine fraction had a sufficiently small grain size to ensure that the fraction m in the combustion chamber already melted completely. Rather, due to the melting tank, the combustion chamber can be fed a fine fraction with grain sizes that can also be more than 1 mm.
  • the melting tank is combined with the combustion chamber in the system, so that no separate pipe system is necessary between the combustion chamber and the melting tank, and the heat generated by the combustion chamber in the combustion chamber can be used to melt the fine-grained solids m of the melting tank.
  • the melting tank In order to ensure that solid material m is completely melted into the melting tank, it is particularly advantageous to heat the melting tank. This is achieved in particular by utilizing the heat generated in the combustion chamber or by an electrical heating device or by a combination of these options. As a heating medium for Gas or 01 can also be used to heat the melting tank.
  • the volatile components evaporating from the molten slag are fed to a separate device for gas purification via a gas outlet or together with the flue gas coming from the combustion chamber to a device for flue gas cleaning and cleaned there.
  • a separate device for gas cleaning for the volatile components the pollutants can be separated from the volatile components; they are no longer mixed with other gases or substances from which they had to be separated again.
  • the object directed to a method is achieved according to the invention by a method for thermal waste disposal, in which waste in a carbonization chamber, carbonization gas and residual material is converted, in which the carbonization gas for
  • Combustion is fed to a combustion chamber, and in which a fine-grained solid, which is either part of the solid material and / or a fine-grain solid occurring outside of the plant is fed to a melting tank for melting.
  • the process ensures that the melting granulate, which is obtained from the melting tank after the melt has cooled, is leach-proof. This practically eliminates pollution of the environment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section from a plant for thermal waste disposal
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic section from a plant for thermal waste disposal in a somewhat alternative embodiment.
  • the plant for thermal waste disposal has a smoldering chamber 2, a residue separating device 4, a combustion chamber 6, a melting tank 8 and a device 9 for gas cleaning, which comprises, for example, a boiler unit 10 and an electric filter 12.
  • Waste a for example domestic waste, is fed to the smoldering chamber 2.
  • the smoldering chamber 2 is heated. It has a temperature of about 450 ° C., so that the waste at the smoldering chamber 2 is carbonized, ie a smoldering gas s and a residue r arise in the smoldering chamber 2.
  • the carbonization gas s is fed to the burner of the combustion chamber 6 for combustion via a carbonization gas line 16.
  • the combustion chamber 6 is designed as a high-temperature combustion chamber, ie for temperatures up to over 1200 ° C. It is arranged between the smoldering chamber 2 and the melting tank 8.
  • the residue r is fed from the smoldering chamber 2 via a path 18 to the residue separation device 4.
  • this residual material separating device 4 an essentially non-combustible fraction having valuable materials is sorted out from the residual material r, and at least a part of the remaining and partially combustible residual material r is first fed to the combustion chamber 6.
  • the residue r is separated in particular m a fine fraction f, a medium fraction m and a coarse fraction g.
  • the derivatives for this are designated 20, 22 and 24, respectively.
  • the middle fraction m and in particular the fine fraction f sometimes have a high proportion of carbonaceous and combustible substances.
  • the fine fraction f typically comprises grain sizes of approximately 1 mm.
  • This fine fraction f is fed together with the carbonization gas s to the combustion chamber 6 for combustion.
  • the fine fraction f can also be fed to a separate burner of the combustion chamber 6 via a separate line in a manner not shown in detail. Since the fine fraction f contains combustible components, the calorific value of the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 6, which is composed of the carbonization gas s and the fine fraction f, is increased, as a result of which the heat yield of the combustion chamber 6 and thus of the entire system is improved.
  • the middle fraction m has fine-grained solids. As such, solid with grain sizes of up to 5 mir is called.
  • the middle fraction m is fed from the residual material separation device 4 to the melting tank 8 via the discharge line 22, which m passes a feed line 26. In particular, it is applied to the surface of a molten slag p located in the melting tank 8.
  • the fine fraction f and the middle fraction m can also be fed together directly to the combustion chamber 6 or directly to the melting tank 8.
  • the coarse fraction g from the residue separator 4 mainly comprises stones, glass, ceramics and metals. These valuable substances in the coarse fraction g can be separated almost according to type and sent for recycling. As a result of almost unmixed recovery, particularly metal- metallic parts from the waste delivered a, the recyclable materials a useful material borrowed recycling loop can be added ⁇ will lead, without harming the environment.
  • the combustion chamber 6 is combined with the melting pan 8, i.e. the melting pan 8
  • the melting furnace 8 is connected to the outlet 30 of the combustion chamber 6.
  • the slag pm produced in the combustion chamber 6 flows out of the melting tank 8 through the outlet 30; it is caught there.
  • the flue gas q which arises during combustion m of the combustion chamber 6 flows out of the outlet 30.
  • volatile portions 1 evaporate from the slag p and from the melting solid ⁇ into a gas space 34 m above the slag p of the melting tank 8.
  • an intensive material exchange takes place in the melting tank 8 between the flue gas q coming from the combustion chamber 6 and the volatile components 1 located in the gas chamber 34.
  • the mixing of the volatile components 1 with the flue gas q and the removal of this combined gas flow via a common gas exhaust 35 means that further volatile components 1, in particular pollutants, can be removed from the slag p.
  • the feed line 26 for the fine-grained solid m is arranged to feed this solid m onto the melt p in such a way that it does not react directly with the flow of the flue gas q and the cursed gas. Shares 1 and the associated turbulence comes into contact.
  • the solids m fed through the feed line 26 are drawn as little as possible into the gas flow above the melt 28.
  • the volatile components 1 are fed together with the flue gas q to the device 9 for gas purification, in particular to a combined device 9 for flue gas purification.
  • the gas leaves the system shown as clean gas z via a line 42.
  • the melting tank 8 is also fed fine-grain solid matter from the combustion chamber 6.
  • the fine-grained solid can be both a solid that is produced during plant operation and a solid that occurs outside of plant operation.
  • the middle fraction m, the flying dust v and the external solid x are fed directly to the melting tank 8 according to FIG.
  • These solids m, v, x can be fed to the melting tank 8 through a common feed line 26, as shown in FIG. 1. But you can also in the manner not shown in detail, the melting tank 8 separately, that is, each with its own feed lines.
  • the complete melting of all fine-grain solids supplied to the melting tank 8 is ensured by a sufficient supply of heat and a sufficient residence time of the fine-grain solids in the melting tank 8.
  • the melting tank 8 is heated for this purpose and is advantageously insulated against heat losses.
  • the temperature m of the melting tank 8 is approximately between 1100 ° C. and 2000 ° C., in particular 1250 ° C., and the residence time of the slag p m of the melting tank 8 is approximately one hour, for example. It is particularly advantageous to use the hot flue gas q flowing out of the combustion chamber 6 to heat the melt p.
  • the melting trough 8 can be heated by an electric heater 40.
  • the tub content i.e. the slag p with the solid therein are mixed.
  • This mixing can be achieved, for example, by a dysentery plant, which is not shown in detail. If the heater 40 for the melting tank 8 is designed accordingly, the mixing can also be ensured or at least supported by a convection flow.
  • the melting tank 8 also has a first slag discharge 44 for heavy items
  • the various substances or phases m present m separate a light fraction, the so-called light melting material c2, and a heavier fraction, the so-called heavy melting material cl. deductions 44.46, the substances present in the melt p are separated.
  • the smelting materials c1, c2 are fed via the two slag withdrawals 44 and 46, for example, each to a water bath, not shown in more detail, where the slag p solidifies to form a leach-proof granulate.
  • two granulate fractions are obtained which differ in their material composition, their pollutant concentration and their density.
  • the separated granulate fractions can be used in a variety of ways.
  • the combustion chamber 6 has a separate flue gas outlet 48 for the flue gas q.
  • the flue gas q is fed to a device 9 for gas purification, especially for flue gas purification.
  • the combustion chamber 6 has a slag outlet 50.
  • the slag pm passes through the slag outlet 50 the melting trough 8 arranged downstream of the combustion chamber 6.
  • the volatile portions 1 which accumulate in the gas space 34 of the melting trough 8 are passed through a separate vent 52 to a separate device 9A for gas cleaning for the volatile shares 1 fed.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation et un procédé pour l'élimination thermique des déchets, installation dans laquelle les déchets (a) sont transformés, dans une chambre de carbonisation à basse température (2), en gaz de carbonisation (s) et en produits résiduaires (r). A la chambre de carbonisation (2) est connectée une chambre de combustion (6) à laquelle est associée une cuve de fusion (8) destinée à la fusion des produits solides à grains fins (f, m, v, x) et à la réception des scories fondues (p). La cuve de fusion (8) peut recevoir, outre les scories (p) provenant de la chambre de combustion (6), par exemple, les produits solides (m) provenant d'un dispositif de séparation des produits résiduaires (4). La cuve de fusion (8) garantit une fusion complète de tous les produits solides (f, m, v, x) collectés vers celle-ci, de sorte que lors du refroidissement, les produits nocifs sont liés à l'état solide.
PCT/DE1998/000934 1997-04-15 1998-04-02 Installation et procede pour l'elimination thermique des dechets WO1998046942A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997115671 DE19715671C2 (de) 1997-04-15 1997-04-15 Anlage und Verfahren zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung
DE19715671.1 1997-04-15

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998046942A1 true WO1998046942A1 (fr) 1998-10-22

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DE (1) DE19715671C2 (fr)
TW (1) TW354362B (fr)
WO (1) WO1998046942A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003004211A (ja) * 2001-04-19 2003-01-08 Ebara Corp 廃棄物処理装置および廃棄物の処理方法
DE10213790B4 (de) * 2002-03-27 2006-05-24 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Abfallverbrennung in einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage
FR2983744A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-14 Ampro Vitrification de cendres collectees sur une unite de gazeification utilisant la chaleur de combustion d'une fraction de syngaz produit, avec restitution des fumees de combustion vers cette unite

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2946774A1 (de) * 1979-11-20 1981-05-27 Bruun & Soerensen AB, Farsta Verfahren und anlage zum verbrennen von brennmaterial verschiedenartiger beschaffenheit
EP0302310A1 (fr) 1987-08-03 1989-02-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour l'élimination thermique de déchets
DE4038570A1 (de) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-11 Norbert Harlander Schmelzbrennkammer-ofen
DE4104507A1 (de) * 1991-02-14 1992-10-15 Elsner Emil Dr Ing Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen verarbeitung von pyrolyseprodukten, insbesondere des hausmuells, in einem schachtfoermigen reaktor zu wiederverwertbaren produkten
EP0672457A2 (fr) * 1994-03-15 1995-09-20 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour le traitement sans résidus des déchets
JPH0979534A (ja) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-28 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 廃棄物処理装置
EP0767342A1 (fr) * 1995-10-06 1997-04-09 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Procédé d'élimination des déchets irréguliers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2946774A1 (de) * 1979-11-20 1981-05-27 Bruun & Soerensen AB, Farsta Verfahren und anlage zum verbrennen von brennmaterial verschiedenartiger beschaffenheit
EP0302310A1 (fr) 1987-08-03 1989-02-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour l'élimination thermique de déchets
DE4038570A1 (de) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-11 Norbert Harlander Schmelzbrennkammer-ofen
DE4104507A1 (de) * 1991-02-14 1992-10-15 Elsner Emil Dr Ing Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen verarbeitung von pyrolyseprodukten, insbesondere des hausmuells, in einem schachtfoermigen reaktor zu wiederverwertbaren produkten
EP0672457A2 (fr) * 1994-03-15 1995-09-20 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour le traitement sans résidus des déchets
JPH0979534A (ja) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-28 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 廃棄物処理装置
EP0767342A1 (fr) * 1995-10-06 1997-04-09 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Procédé d'élimination des déchets irréguliers

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Eisen im Feuer", MÜLLMAGAZIN, no. 3, 1996, pages 67 - 69
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 097, no. 007 31 July 1997 (1997-07-31) *

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Publication number Publication date
DE19715671C2 (de) 1999-09-02
DE19715671A1 (de) 1998-10-29
TW354362B (en) 1999-03-11

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