WO1998040339A1 - Procede d'acylation ou de sulfonylation d'un compose aromatique - Google Patents
Procede d'acylation ou de sulfonylation d'un compose aromatique Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998040339A1 WO1998040339A1 PCT/FR1998/000497 FR9800497W WO9840339A1 WO 1998040339 A1 WO1998040339 A1 WO 1998040339A1 FR 9800497 W FR9800497 W FR 9800497W WO 9840339 A1 WO9840339 A1 WO 9840339A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B41/00—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen
- C07B41/06—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen of carbonyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/45—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
- C07C45/46—Friedel-Crafts reactions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the acylation or sulfonylation of an aromatic compound.
- the invention relates to a process for acylation or sulfonylation of an activated or deactivated aromatic compound.
- the invention applies to the preparation of ketones or aromatic sulfones.
- aromatic compound means the classic notion of aromaticity as defined in the literature, in particular by Jerry MARCH, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4 th edition, John
- deactivated aromatic compound is defined an aromatic compound without substituent, such as for example benzene or an aromatic compound comprising one or more substituents deactivating the aromatic nucleus such as electron-attracting groups.
- activated aromatic compound an aromatic compound comprising one or more substituents activating the aromatic nucleus such as electron donor groups.
- substituents activating the aromatic nucleus such as electron donor groups.
- electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donor groups are defined in the literature. We can refer, among others, to Jerry's work
- a conventional process for the preparation of aromatic ketones consists in reacting an aromatic compound and an acylating agent, according to an acylation reaction of the Friedel-Crafts type.
- the present invention achieves this objective and provides a method for overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the preparation of an aromatic ketone or sulfone is carried out, by the Friedel-Crafts reaction, under microwave radiation under very improved conditions, compared to those which were known. It is possible to carry out the acylation or sulfonylation of activated, non-activated or deactivated aromatic compounds in an open reactor.
- reaction times are very short, much lower than the reaction times used under a simple thermal effect, in the presence of the same catalysts, and with reaction yields which are often higher. It is also noted a consumption of electrical energy considerably reduced compared to the implementation of an electric resistance furnace, both by the power required (60 to 300 watts instead of several kilowatts) and by the times of very shortened reaction. More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a process for the acylation or sulfonylation of an aromatic compound corresponding to the general formula 0):
- - A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic system: said cyclic residue being able to carry a radical R representing a hydrogen atom or one or more substituents, identical or different ,
- - n represents the number of substituents on the cycle.
- the invention applies in particular to aromatic compounds corresponding to formula (I) in which A is the residue of a cyclic compound, preferably having at least 4 atoms in the ring, optionally substituted, and representing at least the one of the following cycles:
- an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocycle an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocycle comprising at least one of the heteroatoms O, N and S,
- polycyclic carbocyclic compound is meant:. a compound consisting of at least 2 aromatic carbocycles and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems,. a compound consisting of at least 2 carbocycles of which only one of them is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems. 2 ° - of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic compound.
- polycyclic heterocyclic compound we define:.
- a compound consisting of at least 2 heterocycles containing at least one heteroatom in each cycle of which at least one of the two cycles is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems a compound consisting of at least one hydrocarbon ring and at least one heterocycle of which at least one of the rings is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems.
- R 0 R 0 in these formulas R “represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl or phenyl radical.
- a monocyclic, carbocyclic, aromatic compound such as, for example, benzene, toluene, isobutylbenzene, anisole, thioanisole, phenetole or veratrole, guaiacol, guetol, mono- and dichlorobenzenes , fluorobenzene, iodobenzene,
- - a polycyclic, condensed, aromatic compound, such as, for example, naphthalene, 2-methoxynaphtaiene, 3-methoxynaphtaiene, - a polycyclic, non-condensed, carbocyclic, aromatic compound, such as, for example, phenoxybenzene ,
- - a polycyclic, condensed, carbocyclic, partially aromatic compound, such as, for example, tetrahydronaphthalene, 1, 2-methylene dioxybenzene, - a polycyclic, non-condensed, carbocyclic, partially aromatic compound, such as, for example, cyclohexylbenzene,
- a monocyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic compound such as, for example, pyridine, furan, thiophene,
- a polycyclic, condensed, aromatic, partially heterocyclic compound such as, for example, quinoline, indole or benzofuran,
- - a polycyclic, non-condensed, aromatic, partially heterocyclic compound, such as, for example, phenylpyridines, naphthylpyridines, - a polycyclic, condensed, partially aromatic, partially heterocyclic compound, such as, for example, tetrahydroquinoline,
- an aromatic compound of formula (I) is preferably used in which A represents a benzene or naphthalene ring.
- the aromatic compound of formula (I) can carry one or more substituents.
- the number of substituents present on the cycle depends on the carbon condensation of the cycle and on the presence or not of unsaturations on the cycle.
- the term "several” is generally understood to mean less than 4 substituents on an aromatic ring. Examples of substituents are given below, but this list is not limiting. As mentioned previously, the substituents may or may not activate the aromatic ring.
- the residue A may optionally carry one or more substituents which are represented in formula (I), by the symbol R and the preferred meanings of which are defined below: - the radical (s) R represent one of the groups following:. a hydrogen atom,
- an alkyl radical linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,.
- a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,.
- a linear or branched alkoxy or thioether radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals, an akenyloxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,. a cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl, radical. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,. a radical of formula:
- R- represents a valential bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene; the radicals R 2, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom.
- radicals R and the 2 successive atoms of the aromatic ring can be linked together by an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
- One or more carbon atoms can be replaced by another heteroatom, preferably oxygen or sulfur.
- the radicals R can represent a methylene dioxy or ethylene dioxy radical or a methylene thio or ethylene thio radical.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to aromatic compounds corresponding to formula (I) in which: - the radical (s) R represent one of the following groups:. a hydrogen atom. an OH group,
- a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- a halogen atom preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine,.
- - n is a number equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- m represents a number equal to 0, 1 or 2 and the symbols R, identical or different and n, having the meaning given above,
- alkylene or alkylidene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methylene or isopropylidene radical,
- RQ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl or phenyl radical.
- the compounds of formula (I) preferably used correspond to formulas (la) and (Ib) in which:
- - R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a -CHO group, a -NO group, an -NH2 group, an alkyl radical or linear or branched alkoxy having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom,
- - B symbolizes a valence bond, an alkylene or alkylidene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxygen atom, - m is equal to 0 or 1,
- - n is equal to 0, 1 or 2
- - p is 0 or 1.
- the compounds of formula (I) are chosen in which R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methyl radical, a methoxy radical or a halogen atom.
- - halogenated or non-halogenated aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, iodobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzenes, fluorobenzene, difluorobenzenes, chlorofluorobenzenes, chlorotoluenes, fluorotoluenes, bromobenzenes, dibromen bromofluorobenzenes, bromochlorobenzenes, trifluoromethylbenzene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, trichloromethyl-benzene, trichloromethoxybenzene, trifluoromethylthiobenzene,
- aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, iodobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzenes, fluorobenzene, difluorobenzenes
- - phenolic compounds such as phenol, o-cresol, guaiacol, fluorophenol, ⁇ -naphthol, ⁇ -naphthol, - monoethers such as anisole, ethoxybenzene (phenetole), butoxybenzene , isobutoxybenzene, 2-chloroanisole, 3-chloroanisole, 2-bromoanisole, 3-bromoanisole, 2-methylanisole, 3-methylanisole, 2-ethylanisole, 3-ethylanisole, 2-isopropylanisole, 3-isopropylanisole, 2-propylanisole, 3-propylanisole, 2-allylanisole, 2-butylanisole, 3-butylanisole, 2-tert-butylanisole, 3-tert-butylanisole, 2-benzylanisole, 2-cyclohexylanisole, 1-bromo-2-ethoxybenzene, 1-bromo-3-ethoxybenzen
- - diethers such as veratrole, 1, 3-dimethoxybenzene, 1, 2-diethoxybenzene, 1, 3-diethoxybenzene, 1, 2-dipropoxybenzene, 1, 3- dipropoxybenzene, 1, 2-methylenedioxybenzene, 1, 2-ethylene-dioxybenzene,
- - triethers such as 1, 2,3-trimethoxybenzene, 1, 3,5-trimethoxybenzene, 1, 3,5-triethoxybenzene, - thioethers such as thioanisole, o-thiocresol, m-thiocresol, p-thiocresol, 2-thioethylnaphthalene, S-phenylthioacetate, 3- (methylmercapto) aniline, phenylthiopropionate.
- the compounds to which the process according to the invention applies more particularly advantageously are benzene, toluene, mono- and dichlorobenzenes, fiuorobenzene, iodobenzene, phenol, fluorophenol, anisole, veratrole, 1-methoxynaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene.
- acylation reagent use is made of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides or anhydrides, preferably anhydrides.
- sulfonylating agent halides or sulfonyl or aminosulfonyl anhydrides are used more particularly.
- acylation or sulfonylation reagents more particularly correspond to the following formulas:
- R3 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a cycloaliphatic radical, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic, having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent,
- X ' represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom,. in formula (II): - X 'represents a radical -O-CO-R4 with R4, identical or different from R3, having the same meaning as R3,. in formula (III):
- - X ' represents a radical -O-SO2-R4 with R ⁇ identical to or different from R3, having the same meaning as R3, - R3 represents:
- cyclic substituent is preferably meant a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic ring, preferably cycloaliphatic or aromatic, in particular cycloaliphatic ring comprising 6 carbon atoms in the ring or benzene.
- R3 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom (for example, oxygen), by a functional group (for example _CO_) and / or carrying a substituent (for example, a halogen or a group CF3).
- a heteroatom for example, oxygen
- a functional group for example _CO_
- a substituent for example, a halogen or a group CF3
- R3 preferably represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl.
- the radical R3 also preferably represents a phenyl radical which may be optionally substituted. It is necessary that this radical is more deactivated than the aromatic compound because otherwise, there would be acylation of the acylating agent itself.
- substituents mention may be made, in particular:
- an alkyl radical linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,.
- a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, radicals.
- a hydroxyl group
- a halogen atom preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom.
- the preferred acylating agents correspond to formula (II) in which X 'represents a chlorine atom and R3 represents a methyl or ethyl radical.
- the preferred compounds correspond to formula (II) in which R3 and R4 are identical and represent an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the sulfonylating agents they preferentially correspond to formula (III) in which X 'represents a chlorine atom or a radical -O- SO2-R4 in which R4 represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 atoms carbon and R3 represents a phenyl or naphthyl radical or an R5-O- radical or (R 6 ) (R 7 ) -N- in which R 5 , R 6 and R 7 represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- acylating agents corresponding to formula (II), there may be mentioned more particularly: - acetyl chloride,
- the acylation or sulfonylation reaction of an aromatic compound is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, under microwave irradiation.
- An essential characteristic of the invention consists in reacting the substrate and the acylating or sulfonylating agent, under the action of microwaves.
- reaction time can vary in particular from 30 s to 1 h, in particular from 1 to 30 min.
- the temperature at the surface of the reaction medium is advantageously between 60 ° C and 350 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 200 ° C.
- the exposure of the reaction medium to microwaves is advantageously such that the medium is subjected to radiation with an energy at least equal to 10 W, preferably between 30 and 300 W.
- the incident energy is advantageously between 30 and 100 W.
- the frequency of the microwaves that can be used is between approximately 100 MHz and approximately 10 GHz, advantageously between approximately 300 MHz and 3 GHz.
- the wavelength of the microwaves that can be used is generally between 10 cm and 1 m in air.
- the exposure to microwaves can be done continuously, discontinuously or sequentially with sequences for example from 15 s to 1 min.
- the catalyst involved in the process of the invention is a Friedel-Crafts type catalyst.
- a first class of catalysts suitable for the invention are Lewis acids.
- organic salts mention may in particular be made of acetate, propionate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate of metallic or metalloid elements of groups (IIIa), (IVa), (VIII), (llb), (IIIb) ), (IVb), (Vb) and (Vlb) of the periodic table.
- inorganic salts mention may be made of chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, oxide and analogous products of metallic or metalloid elements of groups (IVa), (VIII), (llb), (IIIb), (IVb) , (Vb) and (Vlb) of the periodic table.
- the salts used in the process of the invention are more particularly those of the elements of group (IIIa) of the periodic classification preferably, scandium, yttrium and lanthanides; of the group
- (IVa) preferably, titanium, zirconium; preferably group (VIII), iron; preferably group (llb), zinc; preferably group (IIIb), boron, aluminum, gallium, indium; preferably group (IVb), tin; of the group (Vb) preferably, bismuth; of the group (Vlb) preferably tellurium.
- inorganic salts mention may be made of metal halides and preferably zirconium chloride, ferric chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, gallium chloride, indium chloride, stannic chloride, bismuth chloride, boron trifluoride; ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, gallium oxide;
- metal or any form can be provided in the form of metal or oxide or in saline form, single or double salt, mineral or organic.
- the above elements can be provided in the form of a metal or in the form of an oxide or a hydroxide. It is possible to use a mineral salt preferably, nitrate, sulfate, oxysulfate, halide, oxyhalide, silicate, carbonate, oxalate or an organic salt preferably, acetylacetonate; alcoholate and even more preferably methylate or ethylate; carboxylate and even more preferably acetate.
- a mineral salt preferably, nitrate, sulfate, oxysulfate, halide, oxyhalide, silicate, carbonate, oxalate or an organic salt preferably, acetylacetonate; alcoholate and even more preferably methylate or ethylate; carboxylate and even more preferably acetate.
- any compound capable of providing halogen ions making it possible to generate the metal or metalloid halide in situ can be used.
- halogen may be used in molecular form; to any mineral or organic acid halide, and more particularly aliphatic carboxylic acids; to any metallic or metalloid, mineral or organic salt capable of generating a halogenated form.
- chlorine or bromine hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid; acetyl chloride; silicon chloride SiCI ⁇ halosilanes such as MesSiCI,
- organic salts use is preferably made of the rare earth and / or bismuth salts of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid commonly known as "triflic acid".
- rare earth is meant the lanthanides having an atomic number of 57 to 71 and ryttrium as well as scandium.
- the rare earth triflate used as a catalyst is more particularly a rare earth chosen from lanthanides, ryttrium scandium and their mixtures, preferably lanthanides such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium and their mixtures.
- lanthanides such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium and their mixtures.
- rare earths are more particularly envisaged: lanthanum, ytterbium, lutetium and / or scandium.
- Rare earth triflates are known products which are described in the literature, in particular in US-A-3,615,169. They are generally obtained by reaction of rare earth oxide and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
- a catalyst can be used in supported form.
- the support can be chosen from metal oxides, such as aluminum, silicon and / or zirconium oxides, clays and more particularly, kaolin, talc or montmorillonite or also from coals optionally activated by a well-known treatment with nitric acid, acetylene black, or resins.
- the support can be in any form, for example, powder, beads, granules, extrusions, etc.
- the term “catalyst” will denote both the mass catalyst and the supported catalyst prepared according to techniques known in the art. Tradesman.
- the active phase content represents from 5 to 100% of the weight of the catalyst.
- the reaction between the aromatic compound and the acylating or sulfonylating agent is carried out in the liquid phase, in the presence or in the absence of an organic solvent: one of the reagents which can be used as a reaction solvent.
- a preferred variant of the process of the invention consists in carrying out the reaction in an organic solvent.
- the solvent is chosen so that it does not absorb microwaves.
- the solvent is anhydrous.
- an organic solvent aprotic and not very polar, is used.
- solvents suitable for the present invention there may be mentioned in particular aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or not.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons there may be mentioned more particularly paraffins such as in particular, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane or cyclohexane and aromatic hydrocarbons and more particularly aromatic hydrocarbons such as in particular benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, petroleum fractions consisting of a mixture of alkylbenzenes, in particular cuts of the Solvesso® type.
- paraffins such as in particular, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane or cyclohexane
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as in particular benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, petroleum fractions consisting of a mixture of alkylbenzenes, in particular cuts of the Solves
- perchlorinated hydrocarbons such as in particular tetrachloromethane, tetrachlorethylene, hexachloroethane; partially chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 1, 1, 2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, trichloroethylene, 1-chlorobutane, 1,2-dichlorobutane; monochlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene or mixtures of different chlorobenzenes; bromoform, bromoethane or 1,2-dibromoethane; monobromobenzene or mixtures of monobromobenzene
- halogenated or non-heavy hydrocarbon that is to say one having a boiling point of at least 150 ° C.
- the preferred solvents are: o- and m-dichlorobenzene.
- the aromatic compound is acylated or sulfonylated.
- hydrolysis of the reaction mass obtained is carried out.
- the ratio between the number of moles of aromatic compound and the number of moles of acylating or sulfonylating agent can vary because the substrate can serve as a reaction solvent.
- the ratio can range from 0.1 to 10, preferably between 1.0 and 4.0.
- the amount of catalyst used is determined so that the ratio between the number of moles of catalyst and the number of moles of acylating or sulfonylating agent is preferably less than 1.0 and varies from preferably between 0.001 and 0.8, and even more preferably between 0.02 and 0.2.
- the quantity of organic solvent used it is generally chosen so that the ratio between the number of moles of organic solvent and the number of moles of aromatic compound preferably varies between 0 and 100 and even more preferably between 0 and 50.
- the temperature at which the acylation or sulfonylation reaction is carried out depends on the power of the microwave radiation.
- reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure, but lower or higher pressures may also be suitable.
- the reaction mixture After contacting the reagents, the reaction mixture is subjected to the microwave field.
- the microwave applicator is in the form of a cavity (reactor) containing the reaction medium. It is also possible to dispose, inside the reactor, strongly dissipative internal elements under microwave radiation and transmitting energy to the reaction medium.
- the geometry of the device will advantageously be defined as a function of the characteristics of energy dissipation by the reaction medium.
- a single wave mode will be excited to best control the energy dissipation.
- reactors designed for continuous processes whose simple geometry (most often cylindrical) is suitable for single mode wave transmission. These continuous reactors can operate with recycling of the reaction medium.
- the application can in particular be in the form of a tubular reactor arranged parallel to a waveguide with radiating slits.
- batch type reactors for batch processes can also be used to expose the reaction medium to microwaves in single mode.
- the thermal uniformity of the reaction medium is advantageously ensured by the rotation of the reactor and / or by the agitation of the medium in the opposite direction by a paddle glass agitator. Exposure to microwaves may possibly be combined with a conventional heating method.
- the amount of water used can vary widely.
- the ratio between the number of moles of water and the number of moles of aromatic compound can vary, between 10 and 100, and preferably between 20 and 30.
- a preferred embodiment of this operation consists in adding the reaction mass to a foot of water brought to a temperature between 0 ° C and 100 ° C, preferably between 15 ° C and 30 ° C.
- a variant of the invention consists in replacing the water with a basic solution, generally of soda, carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate having a concentration of 5 to 20% by weight.
- the catalyst is separated, preferably by filtration.
- the catalyst can be recycled after drying.
- the desired product is recovered, namely the ketone or the aromatic sulfone in the organic phase.
- the organic phase is washed one or more times, preferably twice, with water.
- the aqueous and organic phases are separated.
- the ketone or the aromatic sulfone is then recovered from the organic phase according to known techniques, by elimination of the organic solvent by distillation or by crystallization.
- Another variant of the invention consists in recovering the aromatic ketone, directly, by distillation of the organic phase comprising the latter and the catalyst.
- an aromatic ketone is obtained which can be represented by formula (IV):
- minority reactant means either the aromatic substrate or the acylation or sulfonylation agent, depending on the relative amounts of each introduced.
- the oven is equipped with a flask rotation system, and a cooler or a cold finger containing a fluid at low temperature, depending on the boiling point of the products to be condensed, and a desiccant tube ( calcium chloride for example).
- a flask rotation system and a cooler or a cold finger containing a fluid at low temperature, depending on the boiling point of the products to be condensed, and a desiccant tube ( calcium chloride for example).
- the reactions are carried out under atmospheric pressure.
- the reaction mixture is heated under microwave irradiation, to a determined power, either continuously or discontinuously.
- the power reported in the text and in the tables is the incident power supplied by the magnetron, and indicated by the Synthewave watt-meter.
- the comparative tests of the same group of examples were carried out with the same quantities of reactants. For each group of examples, it will be possible to evaluate the power of the radiation absorbed per unit volume of the reaction medium. After the reaction mass has cooled, it is treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 10% by weight.
- the organic phase is extracted using an appropriate solvent (such as, for example, ethyl ether), separated from the aqueous phase and dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent, the reaction product is analyzed by GC gas chromatography / MS mass spectrometry (Hewlett-Packard GC 5890-MS 5989) and by NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (Bruker AC 80 and AM 300).
- an appropriate solvent such as, for example, ethyl ether
- the purifications are carried out by chromatography on a column of silica gel.
- temperatures specified in the examples are evaluated using an infrared pyrometer incorporated into the apparatus and coupled to a recorder which makes it possible to display the temperature variations, under microwave irradiation.
- the temperatures measured are therefore surface temperatures.
- the core temperatures of the reaction medium measured immediately after the end of irradiation, using a thermocouple, are close to the extent that the reaction medium is subjected to stirring. Otherwise, the core temperature can exceed the temperature displayed by the infrared thermometer by 10 to 30 ° C.
- the reaction mixture is heated under microwave irradiation for 1 minute with a power of 300 W.
- the temperature of the reaction mixture is measured using a thermocouple and recorded in the following table.
- the reaction mass is hydrolyzed with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
- the organic phase is extracted with ether, separated from the aqueous phase and dried over sodium sulfate.
- the yields of methoxybenzophenone are expressed relative to an internal reference (dodecane) and relate to the minority reactant (PhCOCI).
- the molar ratio between the two reactants is indicated in the following table and is such that the total reaction volume is 5 ml.
- the maximum temperature observed during the different time slots is measured using an infrared thermometer.
- thermocouple The maximum temperature observed is, in these examples, measured by thermocouple.
- the methylbenzophenone yields are expressed relative to the benzoyl chloride.
- the para isomer is in the majority (81 to 90%) ahead of the ortho isomer (8 to 16%) and the meta isomer (0 to 5%).
- the reaction mixture is heated under microwave field for a period mentioned in the table.
- extraction solvent: CH2Cl2 extraction solvent: CH2Cl2
- elimination of benzene the organic products are analyzed by GC, GC / MS and NMR.
- the aromatic substrate is chlorobenzene in all the examples with a molar ratio relative to the acylating agent of 1: 1 for examples 36 and 37; 2: 1 for Example 38.
- the para isomer of the aromatic ketone obtained is predominant (94 to 99%) compared to the ortho isomer.
- the aromatic substrate is fiuorobenzene in all the examples.
- the para isomer of the aromatic ketone obtained is in the majority (95 to 100%) before the ortho isomer.
- Example 32 The conditions of Examples 32 to 35 are then reproduced.
- Example 44 the organic phase is analyzed by chromatography on a column of Silicagel Merck 60. Elution with pentane makes it possible to extract the 1,3-dichlorobenzene; the expected ketone being eluted with a pentane-ether mixture (98: 2).
- Table IX Table IX
- reaction mass is hydrolyzed with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
- organic phase is extracted with dichloromethane separated from the aqueous phase and dried over sodium sulfate, then the solvent evaporated.
- Example 50 the organic phase is analyzed by chromatography on a Silicagel Merck 60 column. Elution with a pentane-dichloromethane mixture (50/50) allows the 1- benzoyl- to be extracted first. 2-methoxynaphthalene (1), then 2-benzoyl-6-methoxynaphthaene (2).
- the isomers (1) and (2) are identified by GC / MS and NMR using pure samples prepared according to S. Pivsa-Art et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1, (1994) p. 1703.
- the final temperature after irradiation is 169 ° C.
- the microwave irradiation conditions 300 W; 1 min
- the treatment after reaction are identical to those of Examples 53 and 54.
- the final temperature after irradiation is 150 ° C.
- the methylbenzophenone yield is 24% (para / ortho / meta: 82/14/4).
- Example 56 The benzoylation of the anisole is carried out in toluene.
- microwave irradiation conditions 300 W; 1 min
- treatment after reaction described in Examples 53 and 54 are reproduced.
- the final temperature after irradiation is 128 ° C.
- Benzoylation of the anisole is carried out in o-dichlorobenzene.
- a flask equipped with a condenser and a CaCl2 tube we load: - 20 mmol of anisole,
- Example 58 In a quartz flask equipped with a condenser and a CaCl2 tube, we charge:
- a maximum temperature setpoint of 110 ° C is programmed using the equipment's software S402.
- reaction mixture is heated under microwave irradiation for 5 minutes. After cooling, the reaction mass is hydrolyzed with a 10% by weight sodium hydroxide solution.
- the organic phase is extracted with dichloromethane, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure (elimination of excess dichloromethane and toluene).
- the solid phase obtained is washed with pentane and treated under reduced pressure at room temperature.
- the isomers are dosed by CG: ortho / meta / para: 38/9/53.
- CG / MS [m / z (peaks of relative intensity greater than 20%)]
- Example 58 the procedure of Example 58 is reproduced.
- the irradiation is controlled at the maximum temperature indicated in table XIII.
- Example 62 p-chlorodiphenylsulfone is formed (5%).
- the microwave irradiation is carried out continuously, for 4 minutes, with an incident power of 300 W.
- the temperature reached by the reaction medium is 202 ° C.
- the yield of chlorodiphenyisulfone is 74% relative to benzenesulfonyl chloride.
- the ortho / para ratio is 2/98.
- the melting point is 95 ° C.
- Example 66 The procedure of Example 65 is reproduced.
- Example 67 5% diphenylsulfone is formed.
- Example 65 The reaction is carried out as in Example 65 with the difference that a sequential irradiation of 6 times 15 s is carried out, with non-irradiation intervals of 45 s.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/367,603 US6348631B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-03-11 | Method for acylation or sulphonylation of an aromatic compound |
AU69222/98A AU6922298A (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-03-11 | Method for acylation or sulphonation of an aromatic compound |
EP98914900A EP1019351A1 (fr) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-03-11 | Procede d'acylation ou de sulfonylation d'un compose aromatique |
CA002282680A CA2282680A1 (fr) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-03-11 | Procede d'acylation ou de sulfonylation d'un compose aromatique |
JP53930298A JP2001516349A (ja) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-03-11 | 芳香族化合物をアシル化またはスルホン化する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9702917A FR2760744B1 (fr) | 1997-03-12 | 1997-03-12 | Procede d'acylation d'un compose aromatique |
FR97/02917 | 1997-03-12 |
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WO1998040339A1 true WO1998040339A1 (fr) | 1998-09-17 |
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PCT/FR1998/000497 WO1998040339A1 (fr) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-03-11 | Procede d'acylation ou de sulfonylation d'un compose aromatique |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US6348631B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1019351A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001516349A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1249737A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6922298A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2282680A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2760744B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998040339A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA982096B (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0897903A2 (fr) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-02-24 | Eli Lilly And Company | Dérivés ketone d'indène, dihydronaphthalène ou naphthalène pour le traitement de l'hyperlipémie |
KR100798506B1 (ko) | 2000-07-10 | 2008-01-28 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 아실화 방법 |
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FR2791670A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-06 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Procede d'activation de substrats aromatiques par micro-ondes |
ATE305914T1 (de) * | 2000-08-14 | 2005-10-15 | Quest Int Serv Bv | Herstellung von 3-alkylcycloalkanolen |
GB0024747D0 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2000-11-22 | Univ Belfast | Aromatic sulfonation reactions |
GB0028702D0 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2001-01-10 | Novartis Ag | Organic compounds |
US20060217574A1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-09-28 | Hirotaka Enokida | Method for producing 3,3 diallyl-4,4 dihydroxydiphenylsulfone |
US6916963B2 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-07-12 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Process using water tolerant Lewis acids in catalytic hydration of alkylene oxides to alkylene glycols |
US20050215826A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-09-29 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for preparing dimethylbenzophenones |
JP5263754B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2013-08-14 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 環状ケトンの製造方法 |
JP5550069B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2014-07-16 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 芳香族ケトンの製造方法 |
US20120116121A1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2012-05-10 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Process for the sulfochlorination of hydrocarbons |
WO2012038969A1 (fr) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-29 | Ganapati Dadasaheb Yadav | Procédé de conversion de fructose en 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural à l'aide d'un catalyseur de silice mésoporeuse imprégné avec des métaux de terres rares |
CN102167662B (zh) * | 2011-03-23 | 2013-03-06 | 南通泰禾化工有限公司 | 一种采用复合催化剂低压合成二苯甲酮的方法 |
KR101135920B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-27 | 2012-04-13 | 한국과학기술원 | 탄화수소 제조용 다공성 산화갈륨 광촉매의 제조방법 |
CN103601659B (zh) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-06 | 江门市德众泰工程塑胶科技有限公司 | 一种4,4’-二氯二苯砜的制备方法 |
WO2018039845A1 (fr) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-08 | 沈建美 | Procédé de préparation d'anhydride hydroxybenzoïque |
CN107056664A (zh) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-18 | 南通沃兰化工有限公司 | 一种合成二苯砜的工艺 |
JP6941893B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-29 | 小西化学工業株式会社 | ジフェニルスルホン化合物の製造方法 |
WO2022046552A1 (fr) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | University Of Kansas | Procédés d'acylation d'un composé aromatique |
CN113880736A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-04 | 寿光诺盟化工有限公司 | 一种4,4’-二甲基二苯砜的制备方法 |
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JPH06145200A (ja) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-05-24 | Maruha Corp | アシル化ゼラチンの製造方法 |
FR2722781A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-01-26 | Inst National Polytech Inpt | Procede pour realiser la synthese d'un ou de composes organiques ou organometalliques et applications notamment aux reactions d'aclation, reactions de redistribution et reactions pericycliques |
Family Cites Families (1)
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CA1305723C (fr) * | 1986-06-06 | 1992-07-28 | Manfred Eggersdorfer | Acylation de composes aromatiques |
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1998
- 1998-03-11 EP EP98914900A patent/EP1019351A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-11 CA CA002282680A patent/CA2282680A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-11 CN CN98803197A patent/CN1249737A/zh active Pending
- 1998-03-11 US US09/367,603 patent/US6348631B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-11 JP JP53930298A patent/JP2001516349A/ja active Pending
- 1998-03-11 AU AU69222/98A patent/AU6922298A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-11 WO PCT/FR1998/000497 patent/WO1998040339A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-12 ZA ZA982096A patent/ZA982096B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
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JPH06145200A (ja) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-05-24 | Maruha Corp | アシル化ゼラチンの製造方法 |
FR2722781A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-01-26 | Inst National Polytech Inpt | Procede pour realiser la synthese d'un ou de composes organiques ou organometalliques et applications notamment aux reactions d'aclation, reactions de redistribution et reactions pericycliques |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0897903A2 (fr) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-02-24 | Eli Lilly And Company | Dérivés ketone d'indène, dihydronaphthalène ou naphthalène pour le traitement de l'hyperlipémie |
EP0897903A3 (fr) * | 1997-08-11 | 2000-05-10 | Eli Lilly And Company | Dérivés ketone d'indène, dihydronaphthalène ou naphthalène pour le traitement de l'hyperlipémie |
KR100798506B1 (ko) | 2000-07-10 | 2008-01-28 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 아실화 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU6922298A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
CN1249737A (zh) | 2000-04-05 |
CA2282680A1 (fr) | 1998-09-17 |
EP1019351A1 (fr) | 2000-07-19 |
JP2001516349A (ja) | 2001-09-25 |
ZA982096B (en) | 1998-09-22 |
FR2760744B1 (fr) | 1999-04-23 |
FR2760744A1 (fr) | 1998-09-18 |
US6348631B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
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