WO1998035125A1

WO1998035125A1 - Straight ladder with an anti-slip device and adhesive intermediate layer for straight ladders

Info

Publication number: WO1998035125A1
Application number: PCT/CH1998/000048
Authority: WO
Inventors: Edwin Busenhart
Original assignee: Edwin Busenhart
Priority date: 1997-02-07
Filing date: 1998-02-09
Publication date: 1998-08-13
Also published as: AU5745498A

Abstract

An anti-slip element for straight ladders enables a ladder (3) to be set by the top longitudinal side of its rails against projections, in particular against edges (2) of building elements (1), with a surprising safety. The element consists of an elongate, preferably profiled, adhesive intermediate layer (10, 10') located between the rails (4, 4') of the ladder (3) and the edge (2) of the object. In the case of already existing ladders, the adhesive intermediate layer (10, 10') is preferably secured to the top end of the ladder and hangs freely down before the ladder is set against an object. The adhesive intermediate layer (10, 10') is highly adhesive on both sides and preferably strongly elastic and easily deformable under load around the edge (2). This new solution enables not only a ladder set against a building element (1) to be safely climbed for the first time, but also makes it safer the higher the user climbs the ladder. In the case of new ladders, the adhesive intermediate layer (10, 10') can be arranged on or embedded in the top part of the rails by the manufacturer.

Description

Leaning ladder with a step-over protection as well as an intermediate layer for the leaning ladder

Technical field

The invention relates to an adjustment safety element for an adjustment ladder, which is connected to a jetty, e.g. can be set on projections and horizontal or inclined edges of buildings.

State of the art

The majority of the ladder user is probably not aware that ladder accidents, particularly those with partial or even severe disability, are relatively common. In the FRG alone there are over 40,000 conductor accidents per year. The classic rule for securing a pitch ladder is to connect the top of the pitch line whenever possible. The connection can prevent the ladder from sliding off the ladder during work and the user being injured. Before starting work, the ladder should be optimally leaned towards the work to be done on the object. However the user wants to proceed, he must first climb the ladder if he can and wants to tie them up. The connection security is not yet available for the first ascent. The same applies to the last ascent, before removing the ladder. In addition to a second person securing the ladder in these cases, there is regularly a danger.

In order to remedy this problem, WO96 / 37673 now proposes a flexible bar profile that can be attached to both bars over a length of 0.3 to 1.2 meters. The spar profile is designed as a hollow shape so that it can be slipped over both spar profiles at any point. The spar profile is fixed at the desired location on the two spars and has a higher coefficient of friction for the system on the edge of the building. In this way, the WO can allow the conductors to slide away from the jetty through the very special design of the friction surfaces or the spar profiles prevent. However, the prerequisite is that the spar profile can be fixed to the spars by a clamp connection, so that the high coefficient of friction oriented towards the edge becomes effective.

The decisive disadvantage of this solution is that the clamp connection must match the spar profile very precisely. If the manufacturer delivers the ladder with the spar profile as a new leader, there are no technical problems. If, on the other hand, the owner of an older ladder wants to retrofit it, he will only be lucky enough to find a spar profile that fits his spars. The solution according to WO96 / 37673 is not designed for existing conductors, but for suitable new conductors. The type of attachment to the spars has the same functional significance as the good rubbing properties on the side of the building's contact edge. This solution is therefore very limited in application.

U.S. Patent 4,726,446 has a partially similar aim. First and foremost, electrical contact at the articulation point with the ladder should be avoided. The solution consists in a multi-purpose cover that can be used as a tool bag and has two strips across the height of the bag as friction linings. The rubbing strips are designed to prevent the ladder from slipping and damage to the wall. Because of the insufficient length of the friction linings, this solution is poorly suited for use on edges.

Presentation of the invention

The invention was based on the object to remedy this whole problem area, to mitigate the "edge problem" shown, in particular the placement of the variety of existing conductors and new conductors and the climbing of these conductors on protrusions and horizontally or obliquely extending contact edges wherever, much safer, if possible with an inexpensive and easy-to-use device. In particular, it was also part of the task to make crossing the property safer. The adjustment safety element according to the invention is characterized in that the adhesive intermediate layer is designed as an adhesive tape that can be quickly fixed to the upper conductor ends for use, is adhesive on both sides and hangs down, and is linkable and can be clamped when the conductor is loaded in the area between the handlebar adjustment side and the jetty.

Particularly preferably, the intermediate adhesive layer is designed as a highly adhesive intermediate adhesive layer with surface profi lation for increasing the security against pitching, and is arranged in the region of the upper longitudinal side of the bar or can be quickly attached and detached again.

It is an experience fact that, as soon as people move with shoes in difficult terrain, they endeavor to wear shoes with non-slip and adhesive soles. In contrast, everyone climbs the highest ladder with the worst possible friction. It is not the adhesion between the footwear and the rungs on the ladder, but the adhesion between the longitudinal sides of the spars (today mostly made of aluminum) and any articulation point, for example a metal eaves. The frictional contact between the ladder stiles and the metal-to-metal eaves is alarmingly bad. With relatively small lateral forces, the ladder can slide sideways. The new invention helps here by giving the ladder stiles "soles with profile" as it were. The adhesive liner can be attached to any type of conductor and size in a matter of seconds and can be removed again after use. The intermediate adhesive layer preferably has a non-slip profiling towards the edge of the object, so that a tooth-like engagement occurs under load on the conductor via the intermediate adhesive layer. On the other hand, an additional adhesive device that can be directly glued to the spars can have a finer "perforation", preferably parallel to the contact edge, which claws into the preferably soft-elastic side, which is also highly adhesive on the back. The adhesive system can be any profiling with tips such as saw teeth. A Velcro-like bond is also possible between the adhesive system and the intermediate adhesive layer. It is important that between the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer is exactly where the ladder stiles are placed against the edges, the best possible adhesive bond is formed and a "gripping engagement" is created from the adhesive layer to the object edge. This gives the ladder user the greatest possible security, especially when climbing the first and last time. Comparative measurements of the displacement resistance: the state of the art and new inventions have confirmed that the nature of the jetty is decisive. The whole professional world has often focused on feasible security measures alone, such as tying up. The greatest risk potential arises when using the most common lightweight construction ladders, whether made of light metal or plastic. With both materials, the coefficient of friction between the bars and the edge of a projection is very bad, especially when metal comes into contact with metal. The coefficient of friction remains unchanged in the loaded and unloaded state. An essential approach of the new invention is that the spar contact point is not defined, as when leaning a ladder against a vertical, flat wall or against wall corners. Practice shows, however, that especially when a long extension ladder is leaned against, the upper end that exceeds the jetty is within a limited range. This is usually between about 20 cm and about 1, 3 m. The larger dimension is always sought when the user crosses an object. If the excess dimension is only in the range of a few cm, there is a great risk of an accident. The inventor now set himself the task of looking for a solution precisely in the area of "the upper meter". The core approach of the solution lies in an intermediate layer of adhesive, which extends over the length of the upper meter, and acts over the spars and generates a large static friction over a greater length to the jetty of the object. Because the adhesive liner extends over the top meter, the ladder can be leaned anywhere anywhere within this range. The security effect is always the same. The simplest possible solution, especially for short ladders, is that a highly adhesive, soft, elastic covering is attached to both upper ends of the spar. Very good results were achieved with all solutions with a quality of 60 or less shore. The best solution has been found to be around 40 Shore. The simplest solution can also be applied to new extension ladders if some design adjustments are made to prevent a highly adhesive covering from making it difficult to pull out the ladder. Therefore, the adhesive intermediate layer is preferably only attached to the upper end of the conductor. This can be done easily with simple ladders and sometimes with ladders that can be converted as fixed ladder or pull-out ladder. However, problems arise with the most commonly used extension ladders that are already in use. The extensibility is based on simple guides and relatively little play between the extending part of the ladder and the guides. The ladder section to be pulled slides on the top rungs when pulled out. Because both parts of the ladder are made of the same material, mostly made of light metal, there is a lot when pulling out favorable coefficient of friction. The ladder section to be pulled out can therefore be easily pushed upwards. However, the problem is shifted from the easy pulling out into the worst possible static friction between the same longitudinal sides of the bar, which are intended for contact with edges and the like, that is to say quite often also metal. This means that the easy removal is bought with a deterioration in the safety of the line. For new conductors, the intermediate adhesive layer is preferably applied directly to the upper ends of the spar and / or partially embedded in the spar profile, so that it is at least not significantly more difficult to pull out. Removal can, however, be optimally designed with adapted sliding parts. In particular in the case of existing ladders or ladders that are already in use, the contact security element is detachably fastened to the upper end of the ladder or spar in such a way that it can be quickly attached if necessary and then quickly removed again. This ensures that all previous conductor functions are in no way impaired. A very significant increase in safety for the conductor user, ie a higher qualitative standard, led to the realization that not only the static friction should be increased, but that additional effects can also be used. A not insignificant gain with the new solution according to the invention is that damage, for example. Scratch marks can be completely avoided as hard edge contacts are avoided. In the case of new conductors, it is also possible to design the adhesive intermediate layer as two adhesive rails running parallel to the bars, such that the adhesive rails run as closely as possible to the bars, so that the power transmission nevertheless goes directly to the bars. These rails are preferably guided on the inside of the two spars, but in such a way that, according to the invention, the adhesive intermediate layer projects beyond the corresponding upper spar length and can engage elastically.

The invention allows a number of particularly advantageous configurations. The intermediate adhesive layer is preferably designed, in particular for retrofitting conductors, as an adhesive tape which is in contact with or can be put on the spars of the conductors, in order to increase the resistance to displacement between the longitudinal sides of the spars and the landing point. The adhesive intermediate layer is made about meters long, preferably 1.0 to 1.4 meters long, can be fixed at the upper conductor end via anchoring points and hangs down and consists of elastic, in particular soft, elastic, highly adhesive material of at least a few millimeters thick. It was interesting to observe that the test subjects expressed a certain amount of skepticism when they first looked at the adhesive tapes, but were spontaneously convinced of the effectiveness when climbing on the first time were. Each anchoring point has an adapter piece directly on the spar ends, as well as mountable and detachable support arms that protrude from the spars. According to a second embodiment, the adhesive intermediate layer is designed as link straps, which are connected to a support arm via swivel joints running parallel to the rungs of the ladder, such that the link straps hang freely swinging on the support arms shortly before the ladder is turned towards the structure. In both embodiments, the new invention allows a support axle to be attached in the area of both anchoring points and an impeller to be arranged outside the spars on the support axles. The adhesive tape can be attached to the support axis using a quick-release device.

The invention further relates to an intermediate adhesive layer for the free employment of a ladder over the two longitudinal spar sides at jetties, and is characterized in that the intermediate adhesive layer is designed as a friction apron and can be fastened to the upper conductor end, preferably to the upper end of the spar, the friction apron being approximately meter-long and out soft elastic material is formed, with highly adhesive adhesive surfaces on both sides. The adhesive apron can be designed as an approximately meter-long apron extending over both spars or in the manner of two individual, approximately hand-wide hanging pendulums. The adhesive intermediate layers can be designed in such a way that they can be bent towards the contact points, but towards the spars, and cannot be deformed beyond a linearly stretched or stiffened position. This ensures that the stretched intermediate liner increases the contact force on the jetty under load via the protruding spar end. It is very particularly advantageous if the adhesive tape is designed as a link tape or link straps, the individual tape links having adhesive pads on both sides towards the bars and towards the berth, in combination with the aforementioned one-sided bendability. As will be shown on the basis of the exemplary embodiments, a completely unexpected effect occurs in that the freely projecting conductor end is, as it were, pulled towards the contact point. This occurs to an increased extent if the adhesive pads are made of flexible material. In the prior art, the frictional resistance of the ladder bars at edges is negligible, so that the main component of the weight of the ladder user is derived directly onto the floor. According to the new invention, a substantial part of the weight is transferred in the area of the edge and increases the adhesive effect at the jetty. Experiments with two adhesive tapes, which were movably fixed via the anchoring points in the upper area of the bar ends, confirm this fact. A suitably exists Anchoring point consisting of an adapter that is permanently attached to the upper end of the spar, as well as a support arm that can be quickly attached and detached from the spar. In the case of link bands, the adhesive intermediate layers are connected to the support arm via swivel joints running parallel to the rungs of the ladder, in such a way that the link bands hang freely on the support arms until shortly before the ladder is placed against the structure. The adhesive tapes or the intermediate adhesive layers increase the hiring forces if they are divided into sections. The sections can be formed as special stiffening sections or chain-like with several links. The band links are articulated as a kit using socket pins and the articulation is limited by stops on the band links between two extreme positions, preferably to approximately 90 °. One limit is determined by a linearly stiffened or stiffened position and the other limit with the assembly position of the links. The band links have a rectangular structure. The side directed towards the bars has adhesive strips on the side which runs transversely to the bars and the side facing away from the bars extends longitudinally to the bars. The individual band links are preferably connected with parallel joint axes to the swivel joint on the support arm, the length of the individual band links being approximately as long as the distance from one rung to the next.

If a separate Haftzwi see would be used for each spar, the band members expediently have lateral guide cams for the spars in the area of the articulated connection. The generation of an additional contact force becomes fully effective when the swivel on the support arm protrudes at a distance of preferably about a hand's width from the spars, to form a triangle of force: spars, support arm and intermediate adhesive layer. The new invention can be used for simple ladders as well as pull-out ladders. In the case of extension ladders, an impeller is preferably additionally arranged in the area of both anchoring points outside the spars. In the case of a link belt, the belt links or each adhesive belt are assembled with a support arm as a preassembly, which can then be assembled and disassembled as a quick-assembly unit for the use of the ladder in a few seconds on the upper side of the rail. The invention relates to a corresponding adjustment safety kit for free employment of a ladder via the two spars at jetties, and is characterized in that it has either a complete link belt or the parts for a link belt, which can be plugged together via an articulated connection to an adhesive tape and attached to the two spars of a ladder can be attached or that there is at least one as a friction apron trained adhesive intermediate layer, and preferably has a support axis and particularly preferably two impellers.

The invention solves the problem presented in a surprisingly effective and comfortable manner for the conductor user. The entire experience of the past decades had led to a general acceptance that leaders, e.g. must be secured with a rope. Nevertheless, every leader user is aware that this is only feasible in half of the operations, if at all. The new development allows a considerable part of the ladder inserts, which have so far not been resolved, to be made significantly safer. Due to the load, the weight of the user, the greatest possible adhesive connection between the bars and the edge of the structure is created with the adhesive intermediate layers. The higher the user rises on the ladder, the greater the force exerted by the ladder stiles on the jetty. Especially when the adhesive layer is highly adhesive and soft elastic, the friction adhesion increases enormously. In fact, the safety of pitching is greatest when the user is standing in the upper part of the ladder, provided he does not make any unreasonable movements. Lateral forces resulting from a sensible way of working by the user are completely absorbed by the adhesive pad without the risk of sideways slipping. This is especially true when climbing a ladder for the first time, which has the goal of additionally securing the ladder with a rope at the top. A ladder is often used even in extremely critical conditions. Here the new solution helps both when climbing on the first time and when loosening a safety rope, if necessary after several days or after finishing work. The solution according to the invention for climbing the ladder is particularly advantageous if the user only uses the ladder to move an object, e.g. to climb a house roof. Legislators here prescribe that the ladder must protrude at least one meter above the building structure as a safety measure. When exceeding, what has just been said applies twice. Every ladder user knows from experience that the moment he leaves the ladder with one foot still on the ladder and the other already on the roof is perceived as very uncomfortable. You leave the ladder that just gave you security and you know that all forces are effective when you leave the ladder against the security of the person. In extreme cases, the ladder is pushed away from the building. Even if the user stands on the rung of a ladder designed according to the invention, which is approximately at the same level as the starting edge of the object, the full benefit or the full effect of the new invention is retained. Together with the ladder, the new contact safety element also has the function of a climbing device. The In all versions, the climbing device can be combined with running wheels to make it easier to pull out a ladder and start up on a wall. Furthermore, there is an additional safety function in the event that the ladder slips down. Here the upper part can be used as an angular stop and in many cases prevent it from slipping away.

Brief description of the invention

The invention will now be explained with the aid of a few exemplary embodiments

Details explained. The figures show: FIG. 1 a equipped with a ladder with an adhesive intermediate layer, based on the

Edge of an object; Figure 1 b is a view according to arrow I; Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show three ways of using the conductor; 2a with the adhesive intermediate layer; 2b the same ladder with the

Wheels, but without a friction apron and the figure 2c without a support arm; FIG. 3 shows an employment situation as an enlarged detail; Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show examples of the design of the intermediate adhesive layer; Figures 5a, 5b and 5c further examples of use; Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d two examples of a simplified attachment of a

Apron on the rungs; Figures 7a, 7b and 7c model the movement of the ladder on one

Eaves if it slips down on bad ground; FIG. 8a a ladder with a double pull-out; FIGS. 8b and 8c show the situation similar to FIG. 7a on one

Flat roof; FIG. 9 shows two setting situations with a roof with a sloping side; 10 shows the intermediate adhesive layer, as a link belt; Figure 1 1 a, 1 1 b and 1 1 c shows three dispositions, before and during that

Lean, as well as when loading a ladder with a link belt; FIGS. 12a and 12b to 12c show a frame-like adhesive intermediate layer; FIGS. 13a, 13b and 13c show three different views of a band link; Figures 14a and 14b two band members before and after assembly; FIG. 15 shows the assembly of two band links in four steps; Figures 16a, 16b and 16c three partial views for assembled band links; Figures 1 7a and 1 7b show a ladder with adhesive system and intermediate adhesive layer with profiled contact surface. Ways and implementation of the invention

In the following, reference is now made to FIG. 10, which schematically shows a structure 1 with an edge 2 against which a ladder 3 is leaned. The ladder 3 is a simple lightweight ladder, and can be a one-part or multi-part pull-out ladder. The ladder consists essentially of two bars 4, 4 'and a number of rungs 5. Both bars 4, 4' each have an adapter or transition piece 6, 6 'at the top end 30, on each of which a support arm 7, 7 'are fixed by means of a Schnei I clamping screw 8. An intermediate adhesive layer 10, 10 'hangs on each support arm 7, 7', the connection being secured by an axis of a swivel joint 9, 9 'running parallel to the rungs. The adhesive tapes 10, 10 'shown are multi-unit and consist in the example shown of 5 band links 1 1 to 1 5, the individual band link 1 1 connected to the support arm 7 via a tab 16 and the band member 14 at the contact point 1 7 in contact with the edge is 2. As will be explained in the following, each band link 1 1 to 1 5 is provided on the setting side with an adhesive covering 18 over its entire length, which preferably consists of elastic and easily compressible and highly adhesive material. On the other hand, each band link additionally has an adhesive coating 19 on the side facing the bars 4, 4 '. Both adhesive pads have a relatively small circulation. The adhesive coverings 19 can only be fitted straight into the adjacent area of two individual links.

FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show another anchoring point of the intermediate adhesive layer 10 at the upper end of the spar 30. A transition piece or adapter 6, 6 ′ is also permanently attached to the spars 4, 4 '. On the transition pieces 6, 6 'is a support arm 7, 7', which have a multiple function. On the support arms 7, 7 ', a support axis 20 is firmly anchored via a clamping part 21. The support axis 20 protrudes on both sides of the ladder stiles, and carries an impeller 22 on each side. between the two wheels 22 is much larger than the spar width LB and result in a broad gauge 23. The broad gauge 23 not only serves to pull up the ladder on a wall, but can also be used for positioning on a straight or flat wall, especially for long ladders . The support axis 20 also serves for the attachment of the adhesive intermediate layer 10 via clips 24, which are preferably designed in the manner of a quick clip. This allows the adhesive intermediate layer 10 to be quickly hung up and removed again if necessary. When the adhesive intermediate layer 10 is ready, it is assembled within seconds and removed immediately. The two support arms 7, 7 'each have a stopper 25 (Figure 3). The stopper has several Butt surfaces that are optimally aligned. Above all, an inner surface 26 which is oriented at an angle δ, less than 90 ° to the spars and is designed for situations in accordance with FIG. 7a. The area 29 between the two lugs 27 and 28 is somewhat larger than 90 ° (δ ₂ ). The nose 28 comes into action in FIG. 8b. The consequence of what has been said is that the adhesive layers 10 together with the stopper can provide additional security. According to a further design idea, it is possible to increase the coefficient of friction between the bars and the intermediate adhesive layer by means of a thin, firmly attached friction lining on the bars. The solutions leave it open to use the ladder only with the wheels 22 without or with the adhesive layers 10. However, the support arms can also be dismantled and the ladder for straight wall surfaces can only be used with the transition piece with the contact pin 29. FIGS. 1 c and 1 b show a very important use of the conductors on the edge 2 of a structure 1 analogously to FIG. 10. In FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, the adhesive intermediate layer 10 is designed as a highly adhesive adhesive tape made of rubber-like material. The adhesive tape 10 can be made of a single piece over its entire width BB and its length BL (FIG. 4a). However, since only the strip material is required in the area of the spars, the inner surface can have a number of recesses 31, which are separated by strip webs 32, in order to reduce the weight and the quantity of strip material. The adhesive tape 10 can be reinforced in the uppermost section 33 for fastening the clips 24. The adhesive tape 10 can be reinforced in the uppermost section 33 for fastening the clips 24. The band part 34 hanging freely downward from the contact point 1 7 does not prevent the ladder from being climbed, since it lies against the wall of the structure 1 or can be pushed. The excess dimension UM can be selected as desired within the length BL of the adhesive tape 10 and results from every employment situation. If the structure is not to be climbed, the ladder is preferably set so that it protrudes over the edge 2 by one or two rung spacings. If the ladder has to be climbed or the person has to climb on the structure itself, the overhang dimension UM should be at least 1 meter (Figure 9).

Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show a particularly interesting aspect for the use of the new invention. FIG. 2a shows FIG. 1 a again, that is, the leaning of a connecting ladder over the longitudinal side 39 of the rail at landing points or contact points 17 with an adhesive intermediate layer 10. Applying to edges, which can also be rounded, as is the case with vehicles, is a very common case , but as stated at the beginning, not the only one. A core idea for existing ones is that the anti-pitching element does not interfere with other conductor inserts Ladders that it can also be used as needed. With the vast majority of ladder users, the anti-pitching element may be used very often, but not always. For this purpose, it is simply attached or attached above in a simple manner, preferably with clamps 24 which are released or fastened again with a rapid movement of the hand. As a rule, any work is done on the ladder that takes at least four-thirds if not hours. It is therefore important that it only takes seconds to fix or remove the adhesive liner. FIG. 2 b shows the same conductor 3, but without a liner 10 against a straight wall surface 40. The impellers 22 are also preferably made of soft, elastic and highly adhesive material. As a result, the same conductor can also be placed against a flat wall with great certainty without the adhesive intermediate layer 10. The security against pitching is ensured particularly by the fact that the contact points 41 of the wheels 22 are outside the ladder stiles, that is to say the pitch points are almost twice as far apart as the ladder width LB, as is shown in FIG. 1b. The ladder is thus given a broad gauge which has a significantly greater degree of security compared to the most widespread prior art ladder, in which the wheels are usually fastened on the inside of the spars in hard plastic or metal. If the wheels 22 were attached to the outside of the conductors of the prior art, the pull-out part could no longer be fully drawn in or no longer be removed from the pull-out.

The new invention preferably builds on transition pieces or adapters 6, 6 ', which are formed either on the spars themselves or as a continuation of the spars, to each of which a support arm 7, 7' can be connected. The new solution thus allows another significant advantage to be fully exploited. The contact surface 40 of the adapters 6, 6 'is angled at an angle ε, which corresponds to the corresponding angle ε from the regulation of the conductor. The support arm lying flat lies in a horizontal position during normal use of the ladder and is fastened by means of a thread 41 with the quick-clamping screw 8, 8 '. The entire undercarriage 35, consisting of the two support arms 7, 7 'of the support axle 20 with the two wheels 22, can be removed very quickly from the upper conductor part by loosening the clamping screws 8, 8'. This leaves only one adapter 6, 6 'on the bars 4, 4', with an angle ε between the bar end and the support 36 of the support arms 7, 7 '. The adapters are equipped with a contact pin 36. FIG. 2c shows the use of conductors 3 on a straight wall 40. The solution according to FIG. 2c is optimal for smaller and medium heights of only a few meters. Would you like a secure job, especially in greater heights, it is preferred to work with the undercarriage 35, since the landing sites are further out here. Conversion from one type of application to another is possible within seconds or less than 1 minute. For the conductor user, therefore, the question of optimizing the safety of a conductor insert is reduced to the small amount of time of less than 1 minute, should he afford to do this or not. The adapters 6, 6 ', once fastened to the spars, remain firmly screwed to the spar ends 30 by means of screws 42.

Figure 3a shows the upper range of a ladder 3 on a slightly larger scale. A functionally important aspect lies in the type and nature of the intermediate liner. Very good results could be achieved with thicknesses Di of the adhesive tape of 3 mm to 12 mm, preferably about 4 to 8 mm. If the material is soft at the same time, the adhesive layer can be pressed in a few millimeters, especially on sharp edges. This creates a non-slip contact, which brings a strong increase in the adhesive effect.

FIGS. 4a to 4c show intermediate layers of adhesive which are divided into individual sections T. For this purpose, it is proposed to design the internal structure of appropriate plastic mats or rubber mats so that their behavior is similar to that of band links. The connection between the sections can be made in the manner of a "pseudo joint", as is common practice today with injection molding technology for small closure bodies such as toothpaste tubes. The individual sections can be stiffened by an internal structure and can be provided with the necessary adhesive coverings on both sides. In FIG. 4b it is indicated that the division T _{2 of} the individual band parts can also be very much smaller than the division T of FIG. 4a.

FIGS. 5a and 5b show further configurations. In FIG. 5a, the adhesive intermediate layers 10 consist of two strip-like bands 50, 50 '. The bands are each attached to a corresponding support 7, 7 'via a swivel joint 9, 9'. In FIG. 5b, the adhesive intermediate layer 10 is formed like a apron as a continuous band 51 for both spars, which can be fastened at the top exactly as in the solution according to FIG. 5a. In FIG. 5c the bands hang down like a pendulum. After the first contact of an edge 2 by the band 50, 51, this is pressed against the ladder stiles. On the right in the picture is a situation of hiring the ladder to climb over the object. Slack can be caused by a special structure of the belt, e.g. a special reinforcement, as indicated by dashed line 52, can be counteracted when using the tape an analog effect is to be achieved, as in the case of a link belt according to FIG. 10. Another possibility is to connect the belts 50, 50 ′ by means of belt webs 32. However, it is also possible to make recesses 31 on an entire band 51 so that the weight of the band is reduced (FIG. 4b). In FIG. 5c, an adhesive intermediate layer 55 is indicated by dash-dotted lines, which is partly let into the spar profiles and partly protrudes. This solution is particularly advantageous for new leaders. On the left of FIG. 5c, three cross-sections of the spar are shown, which show three design variants. With 56 an adhesive intermediate layer is shown, which is attached over the spar profile. 50 shows a variant in which the adhesive layer is partially embedded in the spar profile. 58 shows a solution with a rail which is connected by force to each bar, which is the adhesive intermediate layer or on which it is attached.

Figures 6a and 6b show a simplified version which can bring very great advantages for very simple conductors. The intermediate adhesive layer 10 is hooked directly onto a rung 5 via clips 24. Depending on the situation, the top rung may not necessarily be used for hanging, especially if it is a long ladder without a pull-out part and a low object has to be climbed. Figures 6c and 6d show a modified insert. A rubber-like material quality for the adhesive tape was chosen for the previous attempts. The tape structure can also be such that only the outermost layer is highly adhesive, but inside is made of soft material. Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the surface has a certain roughness or profiling. It is even conceivable to provide a multiple layer-by-layer structure, each layer being not only highly adhesive but also adhesive-like, the adhesive layer being covered by a protective material which must be removed before use. It is also possible to choose special qualities for wet weather or for winter and summer. Selective friction linings can be selected, wet-cold or when there is a risk of ice, i.e. selective friction adhesion. Another advantage of the new invention is that electrical insulation is or can be formed from the conductor to the object.

Figures 7a, 7b and 7c show an accident-related movement situation. In Figure 7a, the ladder 3 is based on a eaves. The interlocking layer increases the security of the position considerably. However, this will not suffice if the ladder is supported on such a poor ground at the bottom that it slips away when you climb the arrow. Figure 7b shows accordingly accidental movement game. FIG. 7c shows the end of the slipping movement, the head of the conductor being in contact with a stop 25 at the top.

FIGS. 8a and 8b show, in analogy to FIG. 7a, that a final safety stop is also possible when the ladder slips off a flat roof-like edge, which is provided as a nose 28 on the support arm 7.

Figure 9 shows a very common use on a house roof. The gutter 50 is usually the part that protrudes the most at the point in question. In the prior art, this is an extremely unfavorable case, especially if the ladder is made of metal or plastic and the gutter 50 is made of sheet metal. These two materials result in an unfavorable coefficient of friction without any adhesive effect. A second, even worse situation is shown on the right in FIG. 5a. The ladder is often leaned slightly obliquely against an indefinable roof edge 51, as a result of which the lateral sliding is further promoted, as indicated by arrow 52. The new invention allows safe hiring in both cases. At the same time, it prevents the ladder rails from causing damage to the edges of the building. Another very interesting area of application are e.g. Large vehicles such as trucks or bus and train wagons. It is less the risk of an accident than the advantage of the gentle support. There is absolutely no damage to the object, not only because it prevents it from sliding sideways, but because there is a soft intermediate layer.

Figures 1 1 a, 1 1 b and 1 1 c illustrate the process of creating a ladder with a link belt. In Figure 1 1 a, the ladder with the adhesive intermediate layer 10 mounted thereon is moved toward a building structure. The adhesive intermediate layer 10 hangs vertically downwards, since it can be freely pivoted in the swivel joint 9. In Figure 1 1 b, the ladder is already leaned against the structure 1 without load. The band link 13 contacts the edge 2. The three band links 1 1, 12 and 1 3 are in the stretched state, only the band link 14 still hangs freely, approximately vertically downwards. Figure 1 1 c shows the ladder 3 in a loaded state, a force G being shown as the weight of the user. In Figure 1 1 b it can be seen that the spars 4 at the contact point 37 just touches the adhesive coating 19 'of the band member 13. Under the load G, the force NW increases, ie normal to the wall, so that the bars 4 move very slightly towards the wall or towards the edge 2. The consequence is that the band member 13, which in FIG. 11b only touches the bars 4 via the adhesive covering 19 ', is pressed against the bars so far that it also bears its upper adhesive covering 19 "lies against the spars, as shown in FIG. 1 1 c. In other words, the dimension" X ", which is still present in FIG. 1 1 b, is completely canceled out when loaded. The intermediate adhesive layer 10 is in the loaded state between the edge 2 and the contact point 37. Due to the slight movement of the bar in the direction of the edge 2, the upper part of the adhesive pad is placed under a large tensile stress Z. The consequence of this is that the entire projecting conductor end is connected to the This means that the additional load on the conductor user according to the invention is additionally converted into a force component towards the contact edge or towards the object 1. According to the invention, the result is the ladder safety when climbing twice as safe:

• firstly due to the easy, elastic deformability of the adhesive covering

• Secondly, by redirecting the tensile force Z generated into an additional normal force NW to the wall.

A corresponding prototype completely confirmed the two effects. These can also be illustrated with the triangle of forces a, b and c or points A, B and C, which represents the spars (a) of the support arm 7 (b) and an intermediate adhesive layer c. It has been shown that the best adhesive values can be achieved if the belt links can only be pivoted in one direction. In the example, the band links are connected by actual joints 36, with stops on each band link on the side of the spar preventing the individual links from being able to pivot against the spars beyond the extended position. The proposed measures have the purpose that the intermediate layers 10 as a whole adapt themselves in any position according to the invention on the one hand, but on the other hand they should not be able to swing freely in any direction in space, but only pivoting movements away from the ladder and towards the ladder or in one perpendicular to the normal direction of attack on the wall. The result is to prevent the adhesive liner from swinging out sideways away from the bars. This is ensured above all with the axis of the swivel joint 9 and the joints 36 which runs parallel to the rungs. A small additional security is provided by guide cams 38, as will be shown in the following with FIGS. 7a to 10. The specific structural shape of the intermediate adhesive layers can also differ from the solution shown. It is important in any case that the advantageous adhesive effect is made possible at every point over a minimum length of about the top meter and acts on both sides, the spars and on the jetty. For short ladders, for very specific ones For purposes where climbing is never an option, the length of the interlayer can be less than one meter, e.g. only be between 20 and 50 cm.

FIGS. 12a to 12d show a very first prototype with a frame-like adhesive intermediate layer 60, consisting of a rod-shaped profile running in the direction of the spar. The profile 61 is drawn only schematically as a round rod with the surrounding adhesive jacket 62. The profile can have any other suitable shape, in particular a flat profile. At the bottom, the two profiles are connected to a crossbar 63, which runs parallel to the rungs. The profile 61 has a certain elasticity so that the adhesive jacket 62 is clamped between the edge 2 and the spars under load.

In the following, reference is now made to FIGS. 13a and 14a. FIGS. 13a, 13b and 13c show a band link 100 in three different views. A single band link 100 is constructed as a rectangular frame and has two pull ribs 101, 101 'and two transverse ribs 102, 102'. In an extension, the two pull ribs 101, 101 'each have an articulation point on both sides, on the one hand an articulation point with a projecting axis of rotation 103 and on the other hand a bore 104 into which an axis of rotation can be inserted with little play. The two end sides of the band links are each designed in opposite directions, so that the assembly is simplified, and nevertheless only the same parts have to be produced. The belt links shown can be made of plastic, aluminum or any other light building material. A central function of the band links is to increase the adhesion between the ladder stiles and the structure. For this purpose, adhesive coverings 106, 106 'are glued to the band links 100 on one side, on the pulling ribs, and on the opposite side, on the transverse ribs 102, 102'. The adhesive coverings 106 are intended to rest on the bars, the adhesive coverings 105 are intended to rest on the edges of the structures. Figures 14a and 14b show two band links A and B before assembly. 14a with a slight lateral displacement (arrow 107) towards the band member A, the axes of rotation 103 and bores 104 are aligned and then inserted into one another according to arrow 108. Figure 14b already shows the end of the assembly in dashed lines. The band link is then rotated through 90 ° and is firmly joined together by side guides 109 like a chain lock. A further special characteristic of the band links 100 are stops 110 and 111. The stops 1 10, 1 1 1 limit the movement of the belt members 100 so that they cannot be moved beyond a fully extended position in accordance with FIG. 14b, as is additionally indicated with the straight line G, as a linear orientation. However, the stops 1 10 and 1 1 1 also give clear situations for the investing forces in the transition from the situation according to FIG. 1 1 b to FIG. 1 1 c. The build-up of forces from FIG. 1 1 b to FIG. 1 1 c is a maximum in the projecting upper conductor part corresponding to the triangle of forces in FIG. 1 1 c, since the strip is bent at point 21 between the completely stretched position according to FIG. 1 1 b and thereby builds up an enormous tractive force, which generates the torque ZW and the additional contact force NW.

Figure 1 5 shows four assembly steps for two belt links 100. Step 1: both belt links are at an angle offset by 90 ° according to the arrow

1 12 led to each other. Step 2: Rotation axes 103 and bore 103 are aligned. Step 4: The joint parts of both elements are pushed together according to arrow 108. Step 5: The band link B is pivoted according to arrow 1 13 to the band link A in an extended position.

After assembly, the joint connections can also be secured against unintentional falling apart.

It can be seen from FIGS. 16a, 16b and 16c that there is no interruption of the adhesive pads when the band members are stretched, since the adhesive pads 105, 105 'are supplemented by shorter adhesive pads 120, 120'.

Figures 1 7a and 17b show a ladder with a combination of an adhesive system 201 and an adhesive intermediate layer 200, which is a special design of the adhesive intermediate layer 10. The adhesive layer 201 and the intermediate adhesive layer 200 are approximately 1 to 1.5 meters long in accordance with UM. The adhesive system 201 has a fine tooth profile 202 on the side facing the object. The tooth profile 202 can be of any type, for example. have a pointed tooth-like profile. The height 203 of the profiling is preferably in the range of e.g. 2 to 3 millimeters. A significantly more pronounced profile 205 is attached to the adhesive intermediate layer 200 in the direction of the object. The intermediate adhesive layer is preferably formed from a resilient material, so that the local pressing in at the edges 17 with the knobs 206 results in a strong grip. The continuous belt 204 should preferably also have a minimal thickness of a few millimeters, so that there is a total thickness, tape and nubs, from 0.4 to 1, 2 cm. The knobs 206 can also be designed as a plurality of individual knobs or in the manner of transverse ribs (parallel to the rungs 5). Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a Velcro fastener connection between the adhesive system 201 and the intermediate adhesive layer.

The new solution therefore works on two sides. First, sliding of the conductors in the direction of arrow 207 is very effectively prevented. Secondly, slipping sideways parallel to the rungs 5 is almost impossible. Materials are selected as the basic design that ensure good frictional grip in both dry and wet weather. However, a special version can also be produced for wet and ice, using known techniques to increase the frictional resistance under appropriate conditions.

Claims

claims

1. Anstellsicherungselement for a Anstelliter, which via an adhesive layer of the two longitudinal sides of a bar to a landing stage, e.g. can be adjusted on projections and horizontal or inclined edges of building structures, characterized in that the adhesive intermediate layer is designed as an adhesive tape that can be quickly attached to the upper conductor ends, adheres on both sides and hangs downwards, or link tape, and when the conductor is loaded in the area between the handlebar side and the jetty can be pinched.

2. Anstellsicherungselement according to claim 1, characterized geke nzeic net that the adhesive liner is about meter long or longer, preferably 1.00 to 1.4 meters long, can be fixed to the upper conductor ends and hanging down such that it can be quickly attached if necessary and then quickly removed again.

3. Anstellsicherheitselement according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the adhesive intermediate layer is formed as a highly adhesive adhesive tape made of elastic, in particular soft-elastic material and a material thickness (Di) of preferably at least several millimeters.

4. Anstellsicherungselement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an anchoring point is provided as a transition between the ladder and the .Haft intermediate layer, each anchoring point, each anchoring point preferably formed directly on the spar ends or permanently attachable transition piece and one has fast mounting and dismountable support arm protruding from the spars.

5. Anstellsicherheitselement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the region of both anchoring points, preferably on the support arms, a support axis, and outside the spar width, each arranged an impeller on the support axis and the adhesive intermediate layer particularly preferably via a quick-release device the support axis is attachable.

6. Anstellsicherheitselement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adhesive intermediate layer is formed as a friction apron and preferably attachable to the upper conductor end in the region of the upper spar ends and is made of flexible material, with highly adhesive adhesive surfaces on both sides.

7. Anstellsicherungselement according to claim 6, characterized in that the adhesive intermediate layer is made of elastic, highly adhesive material with a profile at least on the object side, preferably parallel to the rungs of the adjusting ladder aligned non-slip tooth profile.

8. Anstellsicherheitselement according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the step-over protection is formed in two parts, with an adhesive system is firmly attached directly to the upper portion of the longitudinal sides of the bar, and an intermediate adhesive layer attachable to the ladder and detachable and designed to rest between the adhesive system and the edge of the object is determined.

9. Anstellsicherheitselement according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the profile height of the adhesive system is at most a few millimeters, the profile height of the intermediate adhesive layer in the range of 4 mm or more.

10. Anstellsicherungselement according to claim 9, characterized in that the adhesive intermediate layer at least on the side towards the object towards a preferred cross-profiling, at least in the range of 2 to 3 millimeters, particularly preferably of more than 4 millimeters.

11. Anstellsicherungselement according to claim 1, characterized by an adhesive intermediate layer which is designed as a link belt and the two spars of the ladder adjacent or can be put on, to increase the resistance to displacement between the longitudinal spar sides and the landing stage, the link band preferably in the manner of two individual the upper ends of the bars can be fixed and hang down and are about three feet long and about a hand's width.

12. Anstellsicherungselement according to claim 11, characterized in that the link belts are bendable to the landing points, but are not deformable towards the spars beyond a linearly stretched or stiffened position and are designed as link belts, the individual band links on both sides Spars back and forth to the berth, have adhesive pads which are made of elastic, in particular soft-elastic material.

13. Anstellsicherheitselement according to any one of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the band members have a rectangular structure, the side facing the spars, adhesive strips on the rectangular sides transverse to the spars, and on the sides facing away from the spars along have adhesive strips running to the spars.

14. Anstellsicherheitselement according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the band links are connected with parallel joint axes to the pivot joint on the support arm, wherein the length of the individual band links is approximately as long as the distance from one rung to the next.

15. Anstellsicherungselement according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the band members in the region of the articulated connection has lateral guide cams for the spars.

16. Anstellsicherheitselement according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that in the area of both anchoring points outside the spars, an impeller is arranged and the tape links or each adhesive tape assembled with a support arm as a pre-assembly and as a quick-assembly unit for using the ladder can be quickly assembled and disassembled on the side of the spar.