WO1998028990A1 - A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof - Google Patents

A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998028990A1
WO1998028990A1 PCT/FI1997/000797 FI9700797W WO9828990A1 WO 1998028990 A1 WO1998028990 A1 WO 1998028990A1 FI 9700797 W FI9700797 W FI 9700797W WO 9828990 A1 WO9828990 A1 WO 9828990A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant sterol
concentration
potassium
calcium
magnesium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1997/000797
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Heikki Olavi Karppanen
Pasi Heikki Karppanen
Pirjo Kylli Maria Laelia Karppanen
Mari Laelia Susanna Nevalainen
Original Assignee
Pharmaconsult Oy
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Priority to DE69721308T priority Critical patent/DE69721308T2/en
Priority to AT97947746T priority patent/ATE237956T1/en
Priority to UA99074365A priority patent/UA62951C2/en
Priority to JP52964598A priority patent/JP4607261B2/en
Priority to EEP199900266A priority patent/EE03659B1/en
Priority to MX9906019A priority patent/MX211559B/en
Priority to EP97947746A priority patent/EP0948265B1/en
Priority to CA002276011A priority patent/CA2276011C/en
Priority to IL13071097A priority patent/IL130710A/en
Application filed by Pharmaconsult Oy filed Critical Pharmaconsult Oy
Priority to AU53997/98A priority patent/AU735035B2/en
Priority to NZ335965A priority patent/NZ335965A/en
Priority to BRPI9714117-8A priority patent/BR9714117B1/en
Priority to SI9730557T priority patent/SI0948265T1/en
Priority to KR1019997005898A priority patent/KR100541324B1/en
Priority to PL97334094A priority patent/PL188760B1/en
Priority to DK97947746T priority patent/DK0948265T3/en
Priority to US09/106,094 priority patent/US6136349A/en
Publication of WO1998028990A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998028990A1/en
Priority to IS5092A priority patent/IS5092A/en
Priority to NO19993221A priority patent/NO315222B1/en
Priority to HK00103731A priority patent/HK1024389A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A23L33/11—Plant sterols or derivatives thereof, e.g. phytosterols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
    • A23C9/123—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using only microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae; Yoghurt
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
    • A23V2200/3262—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having an effect on blood cholesterol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2300/00—Processes
    • A23V2300/50—Concentrating, enriching or enhancing in functional factors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an entirely novel principle of changing the composition of seasonings, food ingredients and food items so that oral ingestion of the ultimate edible food items results in an unexpectedly effective and lasting lowering of serum cholesterol levels.
  • the invention enables a much better control of elevated blood pressure than could be expected on the basis of the knowledge on the effects of the use of the various ingredients according to the prior art.
  • the present invention involves a simultaneous, appropriately high increase in the dietary concentrations of certain mineral element nutrients and those of certain natural plant sterols or their chemically modified derivatives.
  • Obesity overweight
  • elevated blood pressure and increased serum cholesterol levels are the main causes of cardiovascular diseases which, in turn, are the leading cause of premature deaths in all industrialized societies.
  • the average body weight of inhabitants of the industrialized societies is continuously increasing, and no effective and practical method has been found to decrease serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure in the whole population rather than in the individuals with the highest risk only.
  • the present invention represents a dietary method by which the above-mentioned main ailments of the industrialized societies can be practically and effectively controlled.
  • a high serum cholesterol level is a major risk factor of coronary heart disease (also called ischaemic heart disease) which, in turn, is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Lowering of serum cholesterol levels decreases the incidence of coronary heart disease.
  • the main embodiment of said invention is margarine which is commonly used with bread, a food item also essentially free of cholesterol. It has to be borne in mind that, by far the most prominent sources of dietary cholesterol are eggs, meats and meat products, as well as butter and other dairy products.
  • the rate of the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol may be a more important factor in the long-term control of serum cholesterol level than the intestinal absorption.
  • the use of sitostanol according to PCT/FI91/00139, or increased intake of other compounds which decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol increase the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol remarkably, by 34.9 % in a recent study (T.A. Miettinen, Duodecim 1996; 112: 1149-1154). Therefore, the increased synthesis of cholesterol in the body markedly counteracts the serum cholesterol lowering effect of sitos- tanol and that of the natural plant sterols. These factors may explain the fact that, according to long-term experience, increased intakes of these sterols and stanols lead to a mild fall of serum cholesterol levels only.
  • An objective of the present invention was to create a method which, using naturally occurring food constituents, could produce seasoning, food ingredient and, ultimately, food com- positions which, in a natural, physiological way, should be able to bring about a more effective lowering of serum cholesterol than plant sterols, their stanols or the fatty acid ester derivatives of the sterols and stanols do when used according to prior art methods.
  • a new method and compositions of food ingredient mixtures, seasonings and, ultimately, food items which, when ingested by oral route, lead to an unexpectedly effective lowering of serum cholesterol were invented.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a food seasoning which, when used in the method according to the invention, can provide the appropriate levels of a) sterol / stanol or a fatty acid derivative thereof, b) the minerals potassium, magnesium and calcium, in the ultimate food items.
  • the genetically obese Zucker rat provides a suitable model for examining the effects of va- rious dietary factors or drugs on, among other things, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure.
  • the effectiveness of the present invention was studied in Zucker rats. In the beginning of the study the rats were clearly obese and had reached an average body weight of 360 grams. The serum cholesterol level was 3.0 mmol/1 and the blood pressure 125 mm Hg.
  • Group 1 Control diet group: During the 14-day experimental period these 10 rats received a commercial diet containing all the essential nutrients, including adequate levels of the mineral elements sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, to maintain normal body functions. To mimic current human diets, the diet also comprised 18 % of butter, 1 % of cholesterol and sodium chloride (common salt) at the level of 6 % of the dry weight of the diet.
  • the average serum cholesterol level in this group increased to the level of 10.5 mmol/1.
  • the blood pressure increased by an average of 4 mm Hg.
  • Group 2 Plant sterol diet according to the prior art: This group of 10 Zucker rats received a diet in which the caloric and other content of diet was otherwise exactly the same as in Group 1, but a mixture of the plant sterols (75 % of beta-sitosterol and 25 % of beta- sitostanol) was added to the diet at the level of 1 % of the dry weight of the chow. The average serum cholesterol level was reduced by 1.6 mmol/1 (15 %) to the level of 8.9 mmol/1. The average rise of blood pressure was 4 mm Hg and, hence, similar to that in Group 1.
  • Group 3 (Diet with added calcium, magnesium and potassium): This group of 10 Zucker rats received a diet in which the caloric and other content of diet was otherwise exactly the same as in Group 1, but magnesium was added at the dietary level of 0.13 %, calcium at the level of 3 %, and potassium at the level of 1.57 %. These additions are higher than the existing dietary recommendations.
  • the serum cholesterol level was significantly lowered to an average level of 8.3 mmol/1 (p ⁇ 0.05). As compared to the cholesterol level in the control group (Group 1) the serum cholesterol level was reduced by 2.2 mmol/1 ( 21 %). There was no change in the blood pressure level.
  • Group 4 (Combination of the additions of plant sterols as in Group 2 and calcium, magnesium and potassium as in Group 3): This group of 10 Zucker rats received a diet in which the caloric and other content of diet was otherwise exactly the same as in Group 1, but a mixture of the plant sterols (75 % of beta-sitosterol and 25 % of beta-sitostanol) was added to the diet at the level of 1 % of the dry weight of the chow, and magnesium was added at the dietary level of 0.13 %, calcium at the level of 3 %, and potassium at the level of 1.57 %.
  • the serum cholesterol level was dramatically lowered by this diet as compared with any other of the experimental groups (p ⁇ 0.001). In this group the average serum cholesterol level was as low as 4.6 mmol/1. Hence this diet lowered serum cholesterol as much as 5.9 mmol/1 (56.2 %).
  • the actual decrease by the diet prepared according to the present innovation was, however, remarkably (2.1 mmol/1 or 20 %-units) more than the expected effect. Furthermore, quite unexpectedly the blood pressure was reduced by an average of 7 mm Hg, hence producing a beneficial difference of 11 mm Hg, as compared to the diet with added plant sterol (Group 2) and 7 mm Hg as compared to the diet with added calcium, magnesium and potassium. Therefore, even the beneficial effect on blood pressure was much larger than could be ex- pected on the basis of the sum effect of added plant sterols alone, on the one hand, and added calcium, magnesium and potassium, on the other hand.
  • the present invention has the further advantage that it decreases the need to use salt (sodium chloride) and other sodium compounds so that, in comparison to food items in common use, a decreased sodium concentration in the ultimate edible food items is also achieved.
  • Naturally occurring plant sterols and stanols particularly beta-sitosterol and beta- sitostanol but also stigmasterol, campesterol, and dihydrobrassicasterol concentrated or purified from tall oil, soy beans, rapeseeds, coconuts, corn, peanuts, or other natural sources. Methods previously published and generally known to those skilled in the art are applied to improve the solubility of "plant sterol/stanol" while incorporating these compounds in food ingredients, seasonings and food items according to the present invention.
  • the present invention could serve as a suitable vehicle for supplementation of phytoest- rogens, flavonoids, beta-carotene, vitamins A, D, and E as well as other vitamins, other mineral elements and other beneficial dietary factors, other active ingredients of natural origin, or even drugs.
  • Both the sterols and stanols can be used either as the unmodified parent compounds, or as their fatty acid esters if a good solubility in the fatty part of the food ingredients, seasoning mixtures, or the ultimate edible food items is desired.
  • the source of the mineral element nutrient cations in the method according to the present invention it is possible to use any physiologically acceptable magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium compound, as well as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium bound in high concentrations naturally or artificially to dietary fibers.
  • Preferable magnesium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular magnesium sulphate, manesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate, but also many other compounds such as magnesium salts of amino acids, magnesium-rich dietary fibers and other physiologically acceptable magnesium compounds are possible.
  • Preferable calcium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, and calcium chloride, but also many other compounds such as calcium phosphates, calcium sulphate, calcium citrates, calcium tartrate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium alginate, calcium glutamate, calcium gluconate and other physiological-
  • Preferable potassium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular potassium chloride, potassium(bi)carbonate, potassium lactate, and potassium sulphates, but also many other potassium compounds such as potassium phosphates, potassium tartrate, potassium acetate, potassium propionate, potassium alginate, potassium gluconate, potassium-rich dietary fibers, and other physiologically acceptable potassium compounds are possible.
  • Preferable sodium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular sodium chloride, sodium glutamate, sodium lactate, and sodium (bi)carbonate, but also many other compounds such as sodium phosphates, sodium sulphates, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, so- dium propionate, sodium tartrate, sodium alginate, sodium gluconate, and other physiologically acceptable sodium compounds are possible.
  • the method in accordance with the present invention can be used for changing the composition of a number of food items, such as, for example, bread, cookies and biscuit-like pro- ducts; sausages and other meat products; egg foods, dairy products, baby foods, salad dressings, and also for novel seasoning compositions.
  • Seasoning compositions according to the present invention can be used for the seasoning of, for example, such food items as bacon, eggs, miso and other soups, porridge meals, corn flakes, rice flakes, rice cakes, wheat flakes, oat flakes, rye flakes, barley flakes, and various types of "muesli".
  • seasonings prepared according to the present invention may be prepared and seasoned according to conventional industrial practices, except that a part or all of the conventional seasonings and salt are replaced by the above described seasoning. In most instances the conventional use of common salt can be entirely avoided by the use of the seasonings prepared according to the present invention.
  • Seasonings according to the present invention can also be used to replace common salt in a great variety of other industrially prepared food items as well as in the preparation of foods both in restaurants, catering, home kitchens etc.
  • Such seasonings are particularly suitable for soups, beefs and other foods in which salty and/or spicy seasonings are used, for the preparation of various food ingredient mixtures, such as, for example, flour or meal and salt mixtures for the preparation of bread, muesli, corn and rice flakes and breakfast cereal products.
  • These ingredient mixtures and seasonings when added to various foods, change the food composition in accordance with the method of the present invention.
  • examples are given to demonstrate the preparation of food seasoning and food items according to the present invention.
  • plant sterol/stanol refers to the combined weight of beta-sitosterol, beta-sitostanol, stigmasterol, stigmastanol, campesterol, campestanol, dihydrobrassicasterol, and dihydrobrassicastanol, represented by the parent compound only, i.e., excluding the weight of the possible fatty acids esterified to the sterols and stanols.
  • a pre-mix is made of the following formulation:
  • the formulation containing all the ingredients, is mixed at low speed, dough temperature 27 °C, floor time 30 min, baked in the form of Pullman loaves, fermentation ca. 40 min at 38-40 °C and 80 % relative humidity, baked for 30 min at an oven temperature of 230 °C. This is a good, commercial quality, standard white bread.
  • a pre-mix is made of the following formulation:
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final bread products made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.1 - 8 %, Mg 0.01 - 1 %, Ca 0.01 - 1 %, and K 0.1 - 1.5 %.
  • a marinade for various types of meats, fish and vegetables is made in a conventional commercial operation from the following formulation:
  • the "Plant sterol/stanol” is first mixed with the vegetable oil. Calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, 1-lysine hydrochloride and honey are mixed with vinegar, and the mixture and the spices are added to the mixture of the vegetable oil 0 and "Plant sterol/stanol". All the ingredients are mixed thoroughly.
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the marinades made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 18 %, Mg 0 - 1 %, Ca 0 - 1 %, and K 0 - 2.5 %..
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final seasoning made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 2 - 98 %, Mg 0 - 30 %, Ca 0 - 30 %, and K 0 - 50 %.
  • Meat including natural fat 12.500 kg
  • the sausage is processed according to generally known conventional industrial techniques.
  • the plant sterol and the seasoning are mixed with the minced meat. Thereafter the mincemeat steak is prepared according to the processes conventionally used in the preparation of steaks, e.g for hamburger restaurants.
  • One serving is a 200 gram steak.
  • the plant sterol and the seasoning are mixed with the soy protein mixture conventionally used for the preparation of soy steaks. Thereafter the steak is prepared according to the processes conventionally used in the preparation of soy steaks.
  • One serving is a 200 gram steak.
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final sausage or steak products made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.1 - 10 %, Mg 0.01 - 1.5 %, Ca 0.01 - 1.5 %, and K 0.1 - 1.5 %.
  • the mayonnaise is prepared by homogenization by conventional industrial methods.
  • concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final mayonnaise made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 15 %, Mg 0 - 3 %, Ca 0 - 3 %, and K 0 - 3 %.
  • the plant sterol is added to the vegetable oil and mixed thoroughly. Thereafter this mixture and the other ingredients are added to the butter and mixed according to conventional dairy practice to make the mixture of vegetable oil and butter.
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final vegetable oil/butter products made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 15 %, Mg 0 - 0.4 %, Ca 0 - 1 %, and K 0 - 1.5 %.
  • the salad dressing is prepared by homogenization by conventional industrial methods.
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final salad dressing made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 8 %, Mg 0 - 3 %, Ca 0 - 3 %, and K 0 - 3 %.
  • the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final yogurt made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.2 - 10 %, Mg 0.01 - 3 %, Ca 0.1 - 3 %, and K 0.1 - 3 %.

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Abstract

A method of preparing food seasoning, food ingredients and food items is disclosed, comprising the incorporation of plant sterols and/or stanols or their derivatives together with a raised level of one or more of the minerals magnesium, calcium and potassium. Ingestion of food supplied with the said combination leads to a significant decrease in both cholesterol level and blood pressure. The decrease is larger than that expected from the sum of the effects of plant sterols and minerals. Also disclosed are food seasonings for use in the preparation of foods having the said characteristics.

Description

A METHOD TO PREPARE FOOD SEASONING, FOOD INGREDIENT AND FOOD ITEM COMPOSITIONS, SEASONING AND USE THEREOF
Field of the invention The present invention relates to an entirely novel principle of changing the composition of seasonings, food ingredients and food items so that oral ingestion of the ultimate edible food items results in an unexpectedly effective and lasting lowering of serum cholesterol levels. The invention enables a much better control of elevated blood pressure than could be expected on the basis of the knowledge on the effects of the use of the various ingredients according to the prior art. The present invention involves a simultaneous, appropriately high increase in the dietary concentrations of certain mineral element nutrients and those of certain natural plant sterols or their chemically modified derivatives.
Background of the invention Obesity (overweight), elevated blood pressure and increased serum cholesterol levels are the main causes of cardiovascular diseases which, in turn, are the leading cause of premature deaths in all industrialized societies. In spite of enormous efforts, the average body weight of inhabitants of the industrialized societies is continuously increasing, and no effective and practical method has been found to decrease serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure in the whole population rather than in the individuals with the highest risk only. The present invention represents a dietary method by which the above-mentioned main ailments of the industrialized societies can be practically and effectively controlled.
A high serum cholesterol level is a major risk factor of coronary heart disease (also called ischaemic heart disease) which, in turn, is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Lowering of serum cholesterol levels decreases the incidence of coronary heart disease.
It is well-known that some plant sterols, especially beta-sitosterol and its hardened form, beta-sitostanol, decrease the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine. A recent invention (PCT FI91 /00139 which corresponds to WO 92/ 19640) made a significant contribution to a more efficient use of the principle of the inhibition of cholesterol absorption. However, the plant sterols and stanols are able to inhibit the absorption of dietary choleste- rol only if they are present in the intestine simultaneously with the dietary cholesterol. In the invention in accordance with PCT/FI91/00139, a stanol ester is incorporated in vegetable fat which is essentially free of cholesterol. Furthermore, the main embodiment of said invention is margarine which is commonly used with bread, a food item also essentially free of cholesterol. It has to be borne in mind that, by far the most prominent sources of dietary cholesterol are eggs, meats and meat products, as well as butter and other dairy products.
Moreover, the rate of the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol may be a more important factor in the long-term control of serum cholesterol level than the intestinal absorption. Unfortunately, the use of sitostanol according to PCT/FI91/00139, or increased intake of other compounds which decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol, increase the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol remarkably, by 34.9 % in a recent study (T.A. Miettinen, Duodecim 1996; 112: 1149-1154). Therefore, the increased synthesis of cholesterol in the body markedly counteracts the serum cholesterol lowering effect of sitos- tanol and that of the natural plant sterols. These factors may explain the fact that, according to long-term experience, increased intakes of these sterols and stanols lead to a mild fall of serum cholesterol levels only.
It should also be borne in mind that, the detrimental effects of a given serum cholesterol level on blood vessels and cardiovascular diseases may be remarkably influenced by several, partly hitherto unidentified factors.
Summary of the invention
It was discovered that, by increasing the levels of the essential mineral element nutrients potassium and, in particular, those of magnesium and calcium in appropriately high concent- rations in the diet and, hence, in the gastrointestinal tract simultaneously with the increase of plant sterols and/or their stanol derivatives, an unexpected beneficial interaction takes place, greatly exceeding any effect which one could expect on the basis of current knowledge. Surprisingly, the lowering of serum cholesterol levels exceeds remarkably, even several fold, that produced by the plant sterols when these agents are used according to the prior art.
An objective of the present invention was to create a method which, using naturally occurring food constituents, could produce seasoning, food ingredient and, ultimately, food com- positions which, in a natural, physiological way, should be able to bring about a more effective lowering of serum cholesterol than plant sterols, their stanols or the fatty acid ester derivatives of the sterols and stanols do when used according to prior art methods. In fact, a new method and compositions of food ingredient mixtures, seasonings and, ultimately, food items which, when ingested by oral route, lead to an unexpectedly effective lowering of serum cholesterol, were invented.
Another objective of the invention is to provide a food seasoning which, when used in the method according to the invention, can provide the appropriate levels of a) sterol / stanol or a fatty acid derivative thereof, b) the minerals potassium, magnesium and calcium, in the ultimate food items.
Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the invention
The genetically obese Zucker rat provides a suitable model for examining the effects of va- rious dietary factors or drugs on, among other things, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure.
The effectiveness of the present invention was studied in Zucker rats. In the beginning of the study the rats were clearly obese and had reached an average body weight of 360 grams. The serum cholesterol level was 3.0 mmol/1 and the blood pressure 125 mm Hg.
Group 1 (Control diet group): During the 14-day experimental period these 10 rats received a commercial diet containing all the essential nutrients, including adequate levels of the mineral elements sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, to maintain normal body functions. To mimic current human diets, the diet also comprised 18 % of butter, 1 % of cholesterol and sodium chloride (common salt) at the level of 6 % of the dry weight of the diet.
During the following 2 weeks, the average serum cholesterol level in this group increased to the level of 10.5 mmol/1. The blood pressure increased by an average of 4 mm Hg.
Group 2 (Plant sterol diet according to the prior art): This group of 10 Zucker rats received a diet in which the caloric and other content of diet was otherwise exactly the same as in Group 1, but a mixture of the plant sterols (75 % of beta-sitosterol and 25 % of beta- sitostanol) was added to the diet at the level of 1 % of the dry weight of the chow. The average serum cholesterol level was reduced by 1.6 mmol/1 (15 %) to the level of 8.9 mmol/1. The average rise of blood pressure was 4 mm Hg and, hence, similar to that in Group 1.
Group 3: (Diet with added calcium, magnesium and potassium): This group of 10 Zucker rats received a diet in which the caloric and other content of diet was otherwise exactly the same as in Group 1, but magnesium was added at the dietary level of 0.13 %, calcium at the level of 3 %, and potassium at the level of 1.57 %. These additions are higher than the existing dietary recommendations.
The serum cholesterol level was significantly lowered to an average level of 8.3 mmol/1 (p<0.05). As compared to the cholesterol level in the control group (Group 1) the serum cholesterol level was reduced by 2.2 mmol/1 ( 21 %). There was no change in the blood pressure level.
Group 4 (Combination of the additions of plant sterols as in Group 2 and calcium, magnesium and potassium as in Group 3): This group of 10 Zucker rats received a diet in which the caloric and other content of diet was otherwise exactly the same as in Group 1, but a mixture of the plant sterols (75 % of beta-sitosterol and 25 % of beta-sitostanol) was added to the diet at the level of 1 % of the dry weight of the chow, and magnesium was added at the dietary level of 0.13 %, calcium at the level of 3 %, and potassium at the level of 1.57 %.
The serum cholesterol level was dramatically lowered by this diet as compared with any other of the experimental groups (p<0.001). In this group the average serum cholesterol level was as low as 4.6 mmol/1. Hence this diet lowered serum cholesterol as much as 5.9 mmol/1 (56.2 %).
Since the effect of the plant sterols in Group 1 was 1.6 mmol/1 and that of the additions of calcium, magnesium, and potassium in Group 3 was 2.2 mmol/1, a larger cholesterol decrease was not to be expected than that caused by the sum of these two effects (1.6 mmol/1 + 2.2 mmol/1 = 3.8 mmol/ or 36.2 %).
The actual decrease by the diet prepared according to the present innovation was, however, remarkably (2.1 mmol/1 or 20 %-units) more than the expected effect. Furthermore, quite unexpectedly the blood pressure was reduced by an average of 7 mm Hg, hence producing a beneficial difference of 11 mm Hg, as compared to the diet with added plant sterol (Group 2) and 7 mm Hg as compared to the diet with added calcium, magnesium and potassium. Therefore, even the beneficial effect on blood pressure was much larger than could be ex- pected on the basis of the sum effect of added plant sterols alone, on the one hand, and added calcium, magnesium and potassium, on the other hand.
Hence, two different, important and unexpected advantages over the prior art were simultaneously produced by food prepared according to the present invention.
In the experiments described above, sodium was intentionally kept at a high level in the diet. In view of the important pathogenetic role of dietary sodium in arterial hypertension and various cardiovascular diseases it is, however, desirable to avoid excessive additions of sodium compounds. In fact, the present invention has the further advantage that it decreases the need to use salt (sodium chloride) and other sodium compounds so that, in comparison to food items in common use, a decreased sodium concentration in the ultimate edible food items is also achieved.
Description of the preferred embodiments As the source of beta-sitosterol, beta-sitostanol, stigmasterol, stigmastanol, campesterol, campestanol, dihydrobrassicasterol, and dihydrobrassicastanol, said sterols and stanols hereinafter referred to as "plant sterol/stanol", it is possible to use in the method according to the present invention:
1) Naturally occurring plant sterols and stanols, particularly beta-sitosterol and beta- sitostanol but also stigmasterol, campesterol, and dihydrobrassicasterol concentrated or purified from tall oil, soy beans, rapeseeds, coconuts, corn, peanuts, or other natural sources. Methods previously published and generally known to those skilled in the art are applied to improve the solubility of "plant sterol/stanol" while incorporating these compounds in food ingredients, seasonings and food items according to the present invention. When plant concentrates with high concentrations of sterols are used, there is no need to remove such naturally occurring, accompanying compounds as phytoestrogens and flavonoids which, when left in the sterol concentrate, may even further enhance the beneficial health effects of the ultimate edible food items prepared according to the present invention. In fact, the present invention could serve as a suitable vehicle for supplementation of phytoest- rogens, flavonoids, beta-carotene, vitamins A, D, and E as well as other vitamins, other mineral elements and other beneficial dietary factors, other active ingredients of natural origin, or even drugs.
2) It is also possible to use the hydrogenated forms of the aforementioned natural plant sterols, the so-called stanols.
10
3) Both the sterols and stanols can be used either as the unmodified parent compounds, or as their fatty acid esters if a good solubility in the fatty part of the food ingredients, seasoning mixtures, or the ultimate edible food items is desired.
75 As the source of the mineral element nutrient cations, in the method according to the present invention it is possible to use any physiologically acceptable magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium compound, as well as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium bound in high concentrations naturally or artificially to dietary fibers.
20 Preferable magnesium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular magnesium sulphate, manesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate, but also many other compounds such as magnesium salts of amino acids, magnesium-rich dietary fibers and other physiologically acceptable magnesium compounds are possible.
25
Preferable calcium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, and calcium chloride, but also many other compounds such as calcium phosphates, calcium sulphate, calcium citrates, calcium tartrate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium alginate, calcium glutamate, calcium gluconate and other physiological-
30 ly acceptable calcium compounds are possible. Preferable potassium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular potassium chloride, potassium(bi)carbonate, potassium lactate, and potassium sulphates, but also many other potassium compounds such as potassium phosphates, potassium tartrate, potassium acetate, potassium propionate, potassium alginate, potassium gluconate, potassium-rich dietary fibers, and other physiologically acceptable potassium compounds are possible.
Preferable sodium compounds include, but are not limited to, in particular sodium chloride, sodium glutamate, sodium lactate, and sodium (bi)carbonate, but also many other compounds such as sodium phosphates, sodium sulphates, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, so- dium propionate, sodium tartrate, sodium alginate, sodium gluconate, and other physiologically acceptable sodium compounds are possible.
The method in accordance with the present invention can be used for changing the composition of a number of food items, such as, for example, bread, cookies and biscuit-like pro- ducts; sausages and other meat products; egg foods, dairy products, baby foods, salad dressings, and also for novel seasoning compositions. Seasoning compositions according to the present invention can be used for the seasoning of, for example, such food items as bacon, eggs, miso and other soups, porridge meals, corn flakes, rice flakes, rice cakes, wheat flakes, oat flakes, rye flakes, barley flakes, and various types of "muesli". These may be prepared and seasoned according to conventional industrial practices, except that a part or all of the conventional seasonings and salt are replaced by the above described seasoning. In most instances the conventional use of common salt can be entirely avoided by the use of the seasonings prepared according to the present invention.
Seasonings according to the present invention can also be used to replace common salt in a great variety of other industrially prepared food items as well as in the preparation of foods both in restaurants, catering, home kitchens etc. Such seasonings are particularly suitable for soups, beefs and other foods in which salty and/or spicy seasonings are used, for the preparation of various food ingredient mixtures, such as, for example, flour or meal and salt mixtures for the preparation of bread, muesli, corn and rice flakes and breakfast cereal products. These ingredient mixtures and seasonings, when added to various foods, change the food composition in accordance with the method of the present invention. In the following, examples are given to demonstrate the preparation of food seasoning and food items according to the present invention. In these examples, "plant sterol/stanol" refers to the combined weight of beta-sitosterol, beta-sitostanol, stigmasterol, stigmastanol, campesterol, campestanol, dihydrobrassicasterol, and dihydrobrassicastanol, represented by the parent compound only, i.e., excluding the weight of the possible fatty acids esterified to the sterols and stanols.
Example 1. WHITE BREAD
A pre-mix is made of the following formulation:
Sodium chloride 0.60 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 2.00 kg
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.126 kg Magnesium hydroxide {Mg(OH)2} 0.020 kg
Calcium carbonate 0.080 kg
Potassium chloride 0.294 kg
1-lysine hydrochloride 0.021 kg
Wheat flour 7.500 kg
The following ingredients are added to the pre-mix, and a conventional white bread is made in a conventional commercial baking operation by the straight dough method:
Wheat flour 30.00 kg
Vital wheat gluten 0.37 kg Promosoy 13 l 0.55 kg
Format2 0.50 kg
Shortening (vegetable oil) 1.12 kg
Yeast 1.75 kg
Water 23.75 kg
Contains soy protein isolate, non-fat dry milk and emulgators (Engelhardt & Co., Sweden) 2Contains diacetyl tartaric acid esters, CaCO and ascorbic acid with malt flour and sugar (Ireks Arkady, Germany)
The formulation, containing all the ingredients, is mixed at low speed, dough temperature 27 °C, floor time 30 min, baked in the form of Pullman loaves, fermentation ca. 40 min at 38-40 °C and 80 % relative humidity, baked for 30 min at an oven temperature of 230 °C. This is a good, commercial quality, standard white bread.
Example 2. RYE BREAD
A pre-mix is made of the following formulation:
Sodium chloride 0.60 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 2.00 kg Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.126 kg
Magnesium hydroxide {Mg(OH)2} 0.020 kg
Calcium carbonate 0.080 kg
Potassium chloride 0.294 kg
1-lysine hydrochloride 0.021 kg Rye meal1 9.57 kg
The following ingredients are added to the pre-mix, and a conventional sour rye bread is made in a conventional commercial baking operation:
Rye meal1 20.00 kg
Vital wheat gluten 0.64 kg
Coarse rye meal 5.71 kg
Wheat flour 10.00 kg
Yeast 0.67 kg Water 33.37 kg
^art of rye meal and water are fermented with natural starter overnight, final pH 3.9. The formulation, containing all the ingredients, is mixed for 7 min at low speed, dough temperature 27 °C, dough pH 4.4, floor time 60 min, baked in the form of Pullman loaves, fermentation ca. 40 min at 38-40 °C and 70 % relative humidity, baked for 37 min at an oven temperature of 230 °C. ' This is a good, commercial quality, standard sour rye bread.
Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final bread products made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.1 - 8 %, Mg 0.01 - 1 %, Ca 0.01 - 1 %, and K 0.1 - 1.5 %.
Example 3. MARINADE
A marinade for various types of meats, fish and vegetables is made in a conventional commercial operation from the following formulation:
Vegetable oil 0.7680 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 0.1440 kg
Calcium chloride (CaCl2 6H2O) 0.0023 kg
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.0023 kg Potassium chloride (KC1) 0.0054 kg
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.0109 kg
1-Lysine hydrochloride 0.0004 kg
Honey 0.0288 kg
Vinegar (10 weight %) 0.0288 kg Spices 0.0096 kg
The "Plant sterol/stanol" is first mixed with the vegetable oil. Calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, 1-lysine hydrochloride and honey are mixed with vinegar, and the mixture and the spices are added to the mixture of the vegetable oil 0 and "Plant sterol/stanol". All the ingredients are mixed thoroughly. Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the marinades made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 18 %, Mg 0 - 1 %, Ca 0 - 1 %, and K 0 - 2.5 %..
Example 4. SEASONING
A mechanical mixture of the following formulation is made:
"Plant sterol stanol" 2.12 kg Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 3.80 kg
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.910 kg
Potassium chloride (KC1) 2.12 kg
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 4.32 kg
Sodium glutamate 0.40 kg 1-Lysine hydrochloride 0.15 kg
(Spices; optional) 1.00 kg
All the ingredients are mixed thoroughly with a conventional industrial mixer but taking care that excessive heat is not formed during the process.
Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final seasoning made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 2 - 98 %, Mg 0 - 30 %, Ca 0 - 30 %, and K 0 - 50 %.
Example 5. SAUSAGE
A pre-mix of the following formulation is made:
"Plant sterol/stanol" 0.270 kg
Calcium chloride (CaCl2.6H2O) 0.057 kg
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.057 kg Potassium chloride (KC1) 0.132 kg
Potassium lactate 0.090 kg
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.270 kg Sodium lactate 0.090 kg
1-Lysine hydrochloride 0.010 kg
This pre-mix is thoroughly mixed with the following ingredients: Meat, including natural fat 12.500 kg
Milk powder 0.840 kg
Potatoe starch 1.160 kg
Water 6.450 kg
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2, 10 % solution) 0.030 kg Spices 0.085 kg
The sausage is processed according to generally known conventional industrial techniques.
Example 6. MINCEMEAT STEAK (HAMBURGER STEAK)
Minced meat 9.67 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 0.07 kg Seasoning of example 4 (with spices) 0.26 kg
The plant sterol and the seasoning are mixed with the minced meat. Thereafter the mincemeat steak is prepared according to the processes conventionally used in the preparation of steaks, e.g for hamburger restaurants. One serving is a 200 gram steak.
Example 7. STEAK OF MINCED FISH
Minced fish 9.67 kg "Plant sterol/stanol" 0.07 kg
Seasoning of example 4 (with spices) 0.26 kg The plant sterol and the seasoning are mixed with the minced fish. Thereafter the steak of minced fish is prepared according to the processes conventionally used in the preparation of steaks for hamburger restaurants. One serving is a 200 gram steak.
Example 8. SOY STEAK
Soy protein mixture 9.67 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 0.07 kg
Seasoning of example 4 (with spices) 0.26 kg
The plant sterol and the seasoning are mixed with the soy protein mixture conventionally used for the preparation of soy steaks. Thereafter the steak is prepared according to the processes conventionally used in the preparation of soy steaks. One serving is a 200 gram steak. Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final sausage or steak products made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.1 - 10 %, Mg 0.01 - 1.5 %, Ca 0.01 - 1.5 %, and K 0.1 - 1.5 %.
Example 9. MAYONNAISE
Vegetable oil 0.650 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 0.065 kg Calcium chloride (CaCl2 6H2O) 0.0012 kg
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.0012 kg
Potassium chloride (KC1) 0.0028 kg
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.0057 kg
1-Lysine hydrochloride 0.0002 kg Sugar 0.030 kg
Vinegar (10 weight %) 0.030 kg
Mustard 0.020 kg Water 0.194 kg
The mayonnaise is prepared by homogenization by conventional industrial methods.. Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final mayonnaise made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 15 %, Mg 0 - 3 %, Ca 0 - 3 %, and K 0 - 3 %.
Example 10. MIXTURE OF VEGETABLE OIL AND BUTTER
Vegetable oil 0.350 kg
"Plant sterol stanol" 0.150 kg
Butter 0.478 kg
Calcium chloride (CaCl2 6H2O) 0.0024 kg Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.0024 kg
Potassium chloride (KC1) 0.0056 kg
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.0114 kg
1-Lysine hydrochloride 0.0004 kg
The plant sterol is added to the vegetable oil and mixed thoroughly. Thereafter this mixture and the other ingredients are added to the butter and mixed according to conventional dairy practice to make the mixture of vegetable oil and butter.
Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final vegetable oil/butter products made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 15 %, Mg 0 - 0.4 %, Ca 0 - 1 %, and K 0 - 1.5 %.
Example 11. SALAD DRESSING
Vegetable oil 2.0000 kg
"Plant sterol/stanol" 0.2000 kg Calcium chloride (CaCl2 6H2O) 0.0048 kg
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO47H2O) 0.0048 kg
Potassium chloride (KC1) 0.0112 kg
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.0228 kg 1-Lysine hydrochloride 0.0008 kg
Vinegar ( 10 weight %) 0.1200 kg
Water 1.6360 kg
The salad dressing is prepared by homogenization by conventional industrial methods.
Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final salad dressing made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.5 - 8 %, Mg 0 - 3 %, Ca 0 - 3 %, and K 0 - 3 %.
Example 12 YOGURT
During the preparation of 100 kg of yogurt according to conventional commercial techniques the following ingredients are added and carefully mixed:
"Plant sterol/stanol" 1.000 kg Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.225 kg
Preferably, the concentrations by weight of plant sterol/stanol or derivatives thereof, and of the advantageous mineral elements in the final yogurt made by the method according to the present invention are: Sterol 0.2 - 10 %, Mg 0.01 - 3 %, Ca 0.1 - 3 %, and K 0.1 - 3 %.

Claims

Claims:
1. A method of producing food seasoning, food ingredient and/or food item compositions which decrease elevated serum cholesterol and lower elevated blood pressure, comprising the addition of at least one plant sterol or plant sterol derivative from the group consisting of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, dihydrobrassicasterol, and/or the hardened stanol forms of said sterols, and/or fatty acid esters of the said sterols and stanols, and the addition of at least one mineral element nutrient selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, and potassium.
2. A method according to claim 1 comprising incorporating in a bread, cookie or biscuit like food a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate edible bread a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.1 to 8 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0.01 to 1 %, a calcium concentration of between 0.01 to 1 %, and a potassium concentration of between 0.1 to 1.5 %.
3. A method according to claim 1, comprising incorporating in a sausage or steak a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate edible sausage or steak a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.1 to 10 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0.01 to 1.5 %, a calcium concentration of between 0.01 to 1.5 %, and a potassium concentration of between 0.1 to 1.5 %.
4. A method according to claim 1, comprising incorporating in a vegetable oil-butter mixture a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate edible vegetable oil-butter mixture a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.5 to 15 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0 to 0.4 %, a calcium concentration of between 0 to 1 %, and a potassium con- centration of between 0 to 1 % .
5. A method according to claim 1 comprising incorporating in a marinade a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate marinade a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.5 to 18 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0 to 1 %, a calcium concentrati- on of between 0 to 1 %, and a potassium concentration of between 0 to 2.5 %.
6. A method according to claim 1 comprising incorporating in a salad dressing a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate salad dressing a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.5 to 8 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0 to 3 %, a calcium concentration of between 0 to 3 %, and a potassium concentration of between 0 to 3 %.
7. A method according to claim 1 comprising incorporating in a mayonnaise a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate mayonnaise a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.5 to 15 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0 to 3 %, a calcium concentration of between 0 to 3 %, and a potassium concentration of between 0 to 3 %.
8. A method according to claim 1 comprising incorporating in a yogurt a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the ultimate yogurt a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 0.2 to 10 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0.01 to 3 %, a calcium concentration of between 0.1 to 3 %, a potassium concentration of between 0.1 to 3.
9. A food seasoning comprising a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in an amount producing in the seasoning a plant sterol or plant sterol derivative concentration by weight of between 2 to 98 %, a magnesium concentration of between 0 to 30 %, a calcium concentration of between 0 to 30 %, and a potassium concentration of between 0 to 50 %.
10. The use of a food seasoning according to claim 9 in food ingredients or food items.
PCT/FI1997/000797 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof WO1998028990A1 (en)

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AU53997/98A AU735035B2 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
NZ335965A NZ335965A (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare a food composition containing plant sterols and/or stanols and one or more of magnesium, calcium or potassium thereof
AT97947746T ATE237956T1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FOOD SPICES, COMPOSITION FOR FOOD INDIGRIENTS AND FOODS, SPICES AND USE THEREOF
JP52964598A JP4607261B2 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 Process for the preparation of food seasonings, food ingredients and food product compositions, their seasoning and use
EEP199900266A EE03659B1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 Method of production of spices, food ingredients and foodstuffs, spices and their use
MX9906019A MX211559B (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
EP97947746A EP0948265B1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
CA002276011A CA2276011C (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
BRPI9714117-8A BR9714117B1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A process for producing food flavoring, food ingredient or food compositions comprising adding plant sterols and minerals for the reduction of high serum cholesterol and high blood pressure, as well as the use of said flavoring.
DE69721308T DE69721308T2 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FOOD SPICE, COMPOSITION FOR FOOD INDIGRIENTS AND FOODSTUFFS, SPICES AND USE THEREOF
DK97947746T DK0948265T3 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 Process for the preparation of a food spice, a constituent ingredient and food compositions, spices and their use.
UA99074365A UA62951C2 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 Method for preparation of food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, composition and using thereof
IL13071097A IL130710A (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 Method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
SI9730557T SI0948265T1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
KR1019997005898A KR100541324B1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof
PL97334094A PL188760B1 (en) 1996-12-30 1997-12-17 Method of obtaining as food condiment a food ingredient and articles of food, food condiment as such and aplication thereof
US09/106,094 US6136349A (en) 1996-12-30 1998-06-29 Food seasoning, food ingredients and food item compositions and methods for their preparation
IS5092A IS5092A (en) 1996-12-30 1999-06-25 Process for producing combinations of flavoring agents for food, raw materials in food and individual foods, flavorings and uses thereof
NO19993221A NO315222B1 (en) 1996-12-30 1999-06-29 Process for the preparation of food spices, food ingredients and food compositions, their use and a variety of products containing an elevated level of plant cholesterol / stanol and magnesium, calcium and / or potassium
HK00103731A HK1024389A1 (en) 1996-12-30 2000-06-21 A method to prepare food seasoning, food ingredient and food item compositions, seasoning and use thereof

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EP0898896A1 (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-03-03 Unilever N.V. Fat based food products comprising sterols
US6117475A (en) * 1997-08-22 2000-09-12 Lipton, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Fat based food products comprising sterols
EP1440619A1 (en) * 1997-08-22 2004-07-28 Unilever N.V. Fat based food products comprising sterols
US6541050B1 (en) 1998-11-27 2003-04-01 Campbell Soup Company Salt flavor enhancing compositions, food products including such compositions, and methods for preparing such products
WO2000036935A1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2000-06-29 Unilever N.V. Food composition
US6274574B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2001-08-14 Kraft Foods, Inc. Use of mesophase-stabilized compositions for delivery of cholesterol-reducing sterols and stanols in food products
US6376482B2 (en) 1999-02-26 2002-04-23 Kraft Foods, Inc. Use of mesophase-stabilized compositions for delivery of cholesterol-reducing sterols and stanols in food products
US6794375B2 (en) 2000-01-28 2004-09-21 The Procter & Gamble Co. Palatable arginine compounds and uses thereof for cardiovascular health
US8470868B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2013-06-25 Nicholas J. Wald Formulation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
US8283338B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-10-09 Kao Corporation GIP secretion inhibitor
US8273401B2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2012-09-25 Frito-Lay North America, Inc. Phytosterol/salt composition for topical application to food products
US8338389B2 (en) 2009-06-17 2012-12-25 Kao Corporation Agent for preventing or ameliorating obesity

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