WO1998023396A1 - Method of producing glass from incinerated solid urban waste - Google Patents
Method of producing glass from incinerated solid urban waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998023396A1 WO1998023396A1 PCT/EP1997/006475 EP9706475W WO9823396A1 WO 1998023396 A1 WO1998023396 A1 WO 1998023396A1 EP 9706475 W EP9706475 W EP 9706475W WO 9823396 A1 WO9823396 A1 WO 9823396A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- feedstock
- oxide
- constituted
- added
- glass
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of producing glass from a feedstock of dry, solid material resulting from the combustion of solid urban waste, according to the preamble of Claim 1.
- the products of the combustion of solid urban waste in incinerators are constituted by powders of two different types: a true ash and a dust coming from the electrostatic precipitators used to separate the solid components of the combustion smoke from the gaseous components before they are admitted to the atmosphere.
- Ash is classified by legal regulations as “special non- toxic and non-harmful waste", whereas dust is classified by the same regulations as “special toxic and harmful waste” .
- ash Although ash is not harmful, it is a completely useless material which is generally stored in a dump. As well as causing problems with regard to the protection of the landscape, ash dumps also have high management costs.
- This document relates to a method in which ash and dust resulting from the combustion of solid urban waste are first dried by heat treatment at about 500°C. Additives in the form of alkali -metal salts, amongst which is sodium chloride NaCl, and/or metals such as lead, are then added to the feedstock of dried product so as to form a eutectic composition.
- alkali -metal salts amongst which is sodium chloride NaCl, and/or metals such as lead
- the feedstock thus supplemented is melted at a temperature which may reach up to 1200°C in a fuel or electric furnace.
- the molten material is then cast and solidified so as to form a granulate or pieces of other kinds which have a vitreous and/or sintered structure and are insoluble in water .
- the final vitreous products thus obtained have an unstable, that is, a crystallisable structure which makes them unsuitable for transformation into glass products.
- the known method is also expensive since, in order to obtain a eutectic composition, it requires quite expensive addi ives .
- a method according to which ash from solid urban waste is heated to a temperature above its melting point so that its components are at least partially fused and form aggregates is known from the document EP-A-0 330 872.
- This method provides for the addition of additives in order to lower the melting point. These additives fall within the group of sand, glass, calcite and dolomite.
- This known method produces a material which is in any case not homogeneous although it has stable chemical characteristics.
- a method of producing glass from fly ash, dust and sludges coming from the purification of water and solid urban waste, in which various additives, amongst which is calcite, CaC0 3 , are added to the feedstock of these materials is known from the document US -A- 4 191 546.
- This method produces glasses which crystallize easily, that is, which are unsuitable for transformation into products.
- a method for converting solid urban waste into glass in which ash is mixed with cullet and an alkaline- earth salt in order to form a mixed feedstock which is added to a bath of molten glass is known from the document EP-A-0 359 003 and the corresponding document US-A-4 944 785.
- the final result of this method is a glass only partially produced from waste.
- None of the methods according to the prior art considered above produce economically from the combustion products of solid urban waste, glass which, in the case of ash, is completely stable, that is, which does not crystallize easily or spontaneously and which can be re-used to produce products such as cullet and which, in the case of dust, is sufficiently stable to be re-usable at least as an inert material .
- the invention is directed precisely towards this object.
- the invention is based on the observation, on the one hand, that the ash produced by an incinerator for solid urban waste has a composition which almost corresponds to that of a silica- soda- lime glass and that, to achieve this composition it suffices to increase its proportion of fluxes in the form of soda, which is very cheap, or potash, whereas the dust recovered from the electrostatic precipitators of an incinerator has a composition which usually almost corresponds to that of a lead glass; one of the constituent oxides PbO and the flux Na 2 0+K 2 0 are already present in the necessary proportions in the dust and, to achieve the composition of a lead glass, it suffices to add a suitable proportion of the other constituent oxide, silica, that is, a very cheap material.
- the constituent oxide which is scarce may be added before or during melting.
- a homogeneous sample of about 2 kg of material was taken from an incinerator for solid urban waste and was left to dry for a few days with daily mixing to facilitate its complete dehydration.
- phase diagram to be considered should comprise at least six species :
- any oxygenated inorganic salts still present in the ash will be transformed almost completely into oxides during the heating;
- phase diagram to be selected is reduced to five components, but further observations may be made:
- sodium oxide and potassium oxide can replace one another and can therefore be considered together;
- the ternary soda- lime- silica diagram of the drawing can be examined in order to evaluate the melting point of the ash: in this case, if the three percentages relating to the oxides of the diagram are considered as the only ones present in a feedstock intended for a melting furnace, the expected melting point is found from the diagram.
- ash resulting from the combustion of solid urban waste contains silica, soda and/or potash, lime and magnesia in the following proportions by weight:
- phase diagram of the drawing shows that, for a composition relating solely to ash with these proportions and if the foregoing simplifications are considered valid as seems permissible, the expected melting point is between 1200°C and 1250°C (point El of the drawing, or thereabouts) .
- the ash was then subjected to a melting and refining heat treatment, the molten bath being heated to 1600°C to give a melt which could be cast.
- the solidified material produced by the melting of the ash alone was a shiny substance with a greenish-black colour most probably due to the presence of iron.
- a flux was added to ash having the composition of Test I in order to lower its melting point as well as to eliminate the crystallization problem.
- Test II the starting mixture was prepared on the basis of a certain quantity of ash with an addition of 15% by weight of Na 2 0 in the form of Na 2 C0 3 (point E2 of the diagram of the drawing) .
- the mixture thus obtained was ground in an electric mill with agate balls.
- the cast material was in the form of a shiny transparent mass of dark green colour, again probably due to the presence of bivalent iron ions and carbon in colloidal form.
- Test II showed that, with a flux (Na 2 0) in a percentage of 15% by weight, it is possible to obtain a homogenous glass at a melting point of about 1400°C.
- compositions were therefore prepared by adding respective soda percentages of 13% by weight (Test III), 11% by weight (Test IV), that is, having characteristics close to those of the glass of Test II, and another composition having 8% by weight of soda (Test V) and thus having characteristics between those of glass with ash alone (Test I) and of glass with the addition of 15% by weight of soda (Test II) .
- the melting points of the mixtures with the additions of 13%, 11% and 8% by weight of soda are indicated E3 , E4 and E5 , respectively, in the phase diagram of the drawing.
- Test V (8% by weight of soda added) a glass paste was cast at 1450°C but was uniform only if all of the metallic material had previously been removed from the ash with maximum precision.
- the glass samples were crushed with a steel pestle to give a particle size smaller than 9.5 mm.
- crushed samples were subjected to eluate analysis consisting of a transfer test with 0.5N acetic acid by the IRSA-CNR technique, as well as a transfer test by atomic absorption to determine the heavy metals in the eluate.
- these glasses could be classified as inert, non- toxic and non-harmful substances which can be stored as such or recycled for the production of products.
- composition of ashes highly depends on both the territory and the seasons of the year.
- some ashes contain refractory oxides Si0 2 , A1 2 0 3 , CaO, MgO in lower amounts or in any case in such propositions as to lead to a lower melting point and to a greater facility to be converted into glass in comparison with the ashes of the above said tests.
- the flux Na 2 0, K 2 0, Li 2 0
- the flux may be added in percentages as low as about 2% by weight, still permitting to obtain homogeneous and stable glasses.
- sodium and potassium are ions which can replace one another within a vitreous structure and their concentrations can therefore be considered as a single quantity relating to K 2 0 and/or Na 2 0;
- dust separated from the combustion smoke of an incinerator for solid urban waste contains soda (and/or potash) , silica and lead oxide in the following proportions, by weight:
- Test VIII was subjected to melting and refining heat treatment in accordance with the programme given in Table IV below.
- the melt produced in a platinum crucible and with the use of an electric furnace in accordance with the programme of Table IV was cast in a mould, although with a certain amount of difficulty, at 1520°C and was green in colour.
- This material is suitable for use as an inert substance, for example, as aggregate or stone in the civil engineering field.
- a mixture of dust was then prepared with the addition of 25% by weight of silica to the ash.
- the melt was cast after heating to 1520°C at 60°C/h in accordance with Table IV.
- Diffractometric analysis also confirmed the presence of a vitreous structure in this case, although it was susceptible to crystallization in the long term.
- the sample of glass When subjected to eluate analysis according to the transfer tests with acetic acid and by atomic absorption, the sample of glass gave results similar to those of the composition obtained in Test VIII, that is, in this case also, an inert, non- toxic and non-harmful material was obtained from a special toxic and harmful waste such as dust from electrostatic precipitators.
- This material as well is suitable for use as an inert substance, for example, as aggregate or stone in the civil engineering field.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97950205A EP0939680A1 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-11-20 | Method of producing glass from incinerated solid urban waste |
AU53232/98A AU5323298A (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-11-20 | Method of producing glass from incinerated solid urban waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT96TO000945A IT1289677B1 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1996-11-22 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS FROM A BILL OF SOLID MATERIAL RESULTING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID WASTE |
ITTO96A000945 | 1996-11-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998023396A1 true WO1998023396A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
Family
ID=11415045
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/006475 WO1998023396A1 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-11-20 | Method of producing glass from incinerated solid urban waste |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0939680A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5323298A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1289677B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998023396A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006103347A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Cristal Cineraire | Method for preserving funereal ashes |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4265671A (en) * | 1977-01-04 | 1981-05-05 | Kroyer K K K | Method of utilizing fly ash from power works and refuse disposal plants in the production of cement clinkers, and a plant for carrying out said method |
US4988376A (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1991-01-29 | Western Research Institute | Glassification of lead and silica solid waste |
DE4023881A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-01-30 | Kali Chemie Ag | Heavy metal contg. leach resistant glass - by adding glass formers to molten slag or to combustion prods. |
EP0577119A2 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Corning Incorporated | Process for vitrifying incinerator ash |
US5281790A (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1994-01-25 | Hydro Quebec | Process of immobilizing ashes by vitrification thereof in a plasma reactor |
EP0694734A2 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-01-31 | Shinroku Nishiyama | Method of incinerating and melting wastes and apparatus therefor |
US5490869A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1996-02-13 | Promethee | Process and device for treating pollutant, fusible materials |
-
1996
- 1996-11-22 IT IT96TO000945A patent/IT1289677B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-11-20 EP EP97950205A patent/EP0939680A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-11-20 WO PCT/EP1997/006475 patent/WO1998023396A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-20 AU AU53232/98A patent/AU5323298A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4265671A (en) * | 1977-01-04 | 1981-05-05 | Kroyer K K K | Method of utilizing fly ash from power works and refuse disposal plants in the production of cement clinkers, and a plant for carrying out said method |
US4988376A (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1991-01-29 | Western Research Institute | Glassification of lead and silica solid waste |
DE4023881A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-01-30 | Kali Chemie Ag | Heavy metal contg. leach resistant glass - by adding glass formers to molten slag or to combustion prods. |
US5281790A (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1994-01-25 | Hydro Quebec | Process of immobilizing ashes by vitrification thereof in a plasma reactor |
US5490869A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1996-02-13 | Promethee | Process and device for treating pollutant, fusible materials |
EP0577119A2 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Corning Incorporated | Process for vitrifying incinerator ash |
EP0694734A2 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-01-31 | Shinroku Nishiyama | Method of incinerating and melting wastes and apparatus therefor |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006103347A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Cristal Cineraire | Method for preserving funereal ashes |
FR2883729A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-06 | Morviller Pascal | METHOD FOR PRESERVING FUNERAL ASHES |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITTO960945A0 (en) | 1996-11-22 |
ITTO960945A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
IT1289677B1 (en) | 1998-10-16 |
AU5323298A (en) | 1998-06-22 |
EP0939680A1 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
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