CN113548842B - Method for preparing baking-free brick by using ash - Google Patents
Method for preparing baking-free brick by using ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN113548842B CN113548842B CN202110887390.9A CN202110887390A CN113548842B CN 113548842 B CN113548842 B CN 113548842B CN 202110887390 A CN202110887390 A CN 202110887390A CN 113548842 B CN113548842 B CN 113548842B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
- C04B18/026—Melted materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
- C04B18/105—Gaseous combustion products or dusts collected from waste incineration, e.g. sludge resulting from the purification of gaseous combustion products of waste incineration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing baking-free bricks by using ash slag, belonging to the field of ash slag recycling and comprising the following steps of: mixing the ash and the additive, melting, carrying out a heat preservation process, a quenching process, crushing and grinding, carrying out material screening, mixing an original mixture, stirring, mixing and stirring cement, water and the original mixture, and adding the mixture into a formed mould for pressing after the completion; maintaining the pressed and formed brick; according to the invention, the baking-free brick is prepared by using the glass body after ash and slag are melted, dioxin is completely decomposed, and heavy metals are solidified in the glass body, so that the risk of environmental pollution is reduced; the mixture can be pressed and formed, compared with a sintering process, the process route of the baking-free brick is shortened, the occupied area of equipment is small, and the yield in unit time is high; the brick obtained by the brick making process has good performance, is green and environment-friendly, and is suitable for large-area popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ash recycling, and relates to a method for preparing a baking-free brick by utilizing ash.
Background
Along with the progress of urbanization in China, the proportion of incineration disposal of household garbage and hazardous waste is increased year by year, and the household garbage and hazardous waste are the mainstream disposal mode at present. Fly ash and slag are generated in the incineration process of household garbage and hazardous waste, and the fly ash and the slag contain toxic substances such as dioxin, heavy metals and the like, so that the ecological environment can be greatly damaged if the fly ash and the slag are not properly disposed. The main components of the fly ash are Ca, Si, CL, S, Na, K and the like, wherein CaO accounts for about 40%, Cl accounts for about 20%, K2O and Na2O account for about 10%, and SiO2 and Al2O3 account for about 10%. The bottom slag has large component fluctuation, the main components are SiO2, AL2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO, the components in the bottom slag are mixed, and the main components account for about 50 percent.
At present, the treatment mode of fly ash and hazardous waste bottom slag is mainly landfill, belongs to a temporary sealing and storing means, dioxin and solidified heavy metals are not thoroughly decomposed, and the possibility of secondary leakage still exists. Resource utilization of ash has gradually become a common recognition in the environmental protection world, and plasma ash melting is considered as the most promising ash harmless tool. The high-temperature arc with the temperature of more than 5000 ℃ in the plasma furnace can rapidly and thoroughly decompose dioxin, and heavy metals are solidified in the glass body which is formed by rapid cooling and can not be leached out, so that the ash residue is harmless. The glass body formed by melting the ash slag is not a dangerous waste, and can be recycled. The existing resource utilization direction is mainly used for roadbed aggregates, cement additives, thermal insulation cotton preparation and the like, the added value of the existing resource utilization direction of the roadbed aggregates, the cement additives and the like is small, the process flow for preparing the thermal insulation cotton is long, the process is complex, and the equipment investment is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing a baking-free brick by using ash slag, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and the method for preparing the baking-free brick by using the ash slag is to solve the technical problem, and the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for preparing baking-free bricks by using ash comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing and melting ash and an additive according to the mass ratio of 7: 3;
step two: preserving the heat of the melt at 1250-1300 ℃ for more than or equal to 2 min; keeping the temperature, and crystallizing silicon and calcium in the molten slurry at the temperature to form partial tricalcium silicate crystals which can enhance the strength of the brick;
step three: quenching the melt obtained in the step two to form a glass body, wherein the quenching rate is more than or equal to 300 ℃/s; the glass phase can be formed by quenching to wrap the heavy metal,
step four: crushing a glass body, and grinding the crushed glass body material; sieving the ground materials, and classifying the materials into 200 meshes below, 200-280 meshes above and 280 meshes above according to the particle size; crushing, grinding and screening the material with the particle size of less than 200 meshes again until the particle size of 200-280 meshes or more than 280 meshes;
step five: mixing the materials with the particle size of more than 280 meshes and the particle size of 200-280 meshes obtained in the step four to obtain an original mixture, wherein the materials with the particle size of 200-280 meshes account for more than 80% of the mass of the original mixture;
step six: mixing cement, water and an original mixture according to a mass ratio of 25-60: 10-40: 100, mixing and stirring uniformly;
step seven: after stirring, adding the mixture into a formed die for pressing;
step eight: and maintaining the pressed and formed brick.
Preferably, pig iron is added for heavy metal capture during the melting process in the first step, and the mass ratio of the pig iron to the ash is 1-2: 1000.
Preferably, the ash is waste incineration fly ash or hazardous waste incineration bottom slag, and the main component of the additive is silicon dioxide or calcium oxide.
Preferably, the step one melting mode is melting in a plasma furnace, the temperature is 1500 ℃, and the time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the stirring time of the sixth step is 15 minutes.
Preferably, the seven-step pressing pressure is 15 MPa.
Preferably, the curing time of the step eight is 7 days.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the baking-free brick is prepared by using the glass body after ash and slag are melted, dioxin is completely decomposed, and heavy metals are solidified in the glass body, so that the risk of environmental pollution is reduced; the mixture can be pressed and formed, compared with a sintering process, the baking-free brick shortens a process route, occupies less land, and has high yield in unit time; the brick obtained by the brick making process has good performance, is green and environment-friendly, and is suitable for large-area popularization and use.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and are only used for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention provides a method for preparing baking-free bricks by using ash, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing and melting ash and an additive according to the mass ratio of 7: 3;
step two: preserving the temperature of the melt at 1250-1300 ℃, wherein the preserving time is more than or equal to 2 min; a holding furnace can be used for holding the temperature, and at the temperature, silicon and calcium in the molten slurry can be crystallized to form partial tricalcium silicate crystals which can enhance the strength of the brick;
step three: rapidly cooling the melt obtained in the step two to form a glass body, wherein the rapid cooling rate is more than or equal to 300 ℃/s, and if the rapid cooling rate is too low, the melt can be crystallized to reduce the vitrification rate, so that the possibility of heavy metal precipitation in the brick can be increased; the purpose of quenching is to form glass phase to wrap heavy metal, in the glass body generated by the heat preservation process and the quenching process, the content of the glass phase is more than 85 percent, the crystalline phase is 15 percent, and the crystalline phase substance is mainly tricalcium silicate formed in the heat preservation process;
step four: crushing the glass body, and grinding the crushed glass body material; sieving the ground materials, and classifying the materials into 200 meshes below, 200-280 meshes above and 280 meshes above according to the particle size; crushing, grinding and sieving the material with the particle size of less than 200 meshes again until the particle size of 200-280 meshes or more than 280 meshes; the crushing equipment comprises a rolling crusher and a jaw crusher;
step five: mixing the materials with the particle size of more than 280 meshes and the particle size of 200-280 meshes obtained in the step four to obtain an original mixture, wherein the materials with the particle size of 200-280 meshes account for more than 80% of the mass of the original mixture;
step six: mixing cement, water and an original mixture according to the mass ratio of 25-60: 10-40: 100, mixing and stirring uniformly;
step seven: after stirring, adding the mixture into a formed die for pressing;
step eight: and maintaining the pressed and molded brick.
Further, in the process of melting in the first step, pig iron is added for heavy metal capture, the mass ratio of pig iron to ash is 1-2:1000, in the process of melting the mixture in the furnace, pig iron is added for heavy metal capture, heavy metal simple substances are automatically deposited on the bottom of the furnace due to high specific gravity, most heavy metal oxides and carbon and iron elements in the pig iron undergo oxidation-reduction reaction, heavy metals are displaced and enriched in molten iron at the bottom of the furnace, and therefore the heavy metal content of discharged materials is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the ash slag is waste incineration fly ash or hazardous waste incineration bottom slag, and the additive comprises silicon dioxide or calcium oxide.
Further, the melting mode of the first step is melting in a plasma furnace, the temperature is 1500 ℃, and the time is 2 hours.
Further, the stirring time in step six was 15 minutes to ensure sufficient mixing.
Further, the pressing pressure of the seventh step was 15 MPa.
Further, the curing time of the step eight is 7 days.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1:
the invention provides a technical scheme, and a method for preparing a baking-free brick by using ash slag comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the waste incineration fly ash and an additive according to the proportion of 7:3, mixing in proportion, wherein the waste incineration fly ash comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 42% CaO, 2.7% Al 2 O 3 、20.27％Cl、8.5％SiO 2 、7.9％SO 3 、1.66％MgO、1.49％Fe 2 O 3 、5.63％K 2 O、5.44％Na 2 O, and the balance of trace impurities of other metals and metal oxides; the additive comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 97.8% SiO 2 、0.7％Al 2 O 3 、0.3％MgO、0.15％CaO、0.5％Na 2 O, and the balance of trace impurities of other metal oxides; melting fly ash and additives in a plasma furnace at 1500 ℃ for 2 hours;
step two: the molten material flows into a heat preservation furnace, and heat preservation is carried out for 2min at the temperature of 1250-;
step three: quenching the melt obtained in the step two by water quenching to form a glass body, wherein the cooling rate is 300 ℃/s; heavy metal leaching test analysis is carried out on the glass body by adopting a solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method sulfuric acid-nitric acid method (HJ/T299-2007), and the heavy metal content is shown in Table 1:
table 1 glass body weight metal content (%)
Step four: crushing a glass body, and grinding the crushed glass body material; sieving the ground materials, and classifying the materials into 200 meshes below, 200-280 meshes above and 280 meshes above according to the particle size; crushing, grinding and screening the material with the particle size of less than 200 meshes again until the particle size of 200-280 meshes or more than 280 meshes;
step five: mixing the materials with the particle size of more than 280 meshes and the particle size of 200-280 meshes obtained in the step four to obtain an original mixture, wherein the materials with the particle size of 200-280 meshes account for 80% of the mass of the original mixture;
step six: mixing cement, water and an original mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed original mixture to the cement to the water is 100: 30: 15, stirring uniformly for 15min by using a stirrer;
step seven: after stirring, adding the mixture into a forming die for pressing, and pressing by using a brick press under the pressure of 15 Mpa;
step eight: and naturally curing the pressed and molded brick in an open air environment for 7 days at normal temperature to keep the surface of the brick moist.
After the curing is finished, the performance of the brick is detected by using a detection standard JC/T525-2007, the obvious porosity is 8.1%, the specific gravity is 2.3, the compressive strength is 23.3Mpa, the bending strength is 3Mpa, and the overall performance is good.
Example 2:
the invention provides a technical scheme, and discloses a method for preparing baking-free bricks by utilizing ash residues, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the waste incineration fly ash and an additive according to the proportion of 7:3, mixing in proportion, wherein the waste incineration fly ash comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 15.03% SiO 2 、9.23％Fe 2 O 3 、7.7％Al 2 O 3 、5.49TiO 2 、4.87％Na 2 O、3.23％ZnO 2.87％MgO、2.16％P 2 O 5 、1.6％K 2 O、1.38％BaO、0.34％CoO、0.33％WO 3 、0.30％PbO、0.29％Cr 2 O 3 The balance of trace impurities of other metals and metal oxides; the additive comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 98% of CaO and 0.2% of Al 2 O 3 、0.05％MgO、0.1％Fe 2 O 3 And the balance of trace impurities of other metal oxides; melting fly ash and additives in a plasma furnace at 1500 ℃ for 2 hours;
step two: the molten material flows into a heat preservation furnace, and heat preservation is carried out for 2min at the temperature of 1250-;
step three: quenching the melt obtained in the step two by water quenching to form a glass body, wherein the cooling rate is 300 ℃/s;
heavy metal leaching test analysis is carried out on the glass body by adopting a solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method sulfuric acid-nitric acid method (HJ/T299-2007), and the heavy metal content is shown in Table 2:
table 2 glass body weight metal content (%)
Step four: crushing a glass body, and grinding the crushed glass body material; sieving the ground materials, and classifying the materials into 200 meshes below, 200-280 meshes above and 280 meshes above according to the particle size; crushing, grinding and sieving the material with the particle size of less than 200 meshes again until the particle size of 200-280 meshes or more than 280 meshes;
step five: mixing the materials with the particle size of more than 280 meshes and the particle size of 200-280 meshes obtained in the step four to obtain an original mixture, wherein the materials with the particle size of 200-280 meshes account for 80% of the mass of the original mixture;
step six: mixing cement, water and an original mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed original mixture to the cement to the water is 100: 60: 20, stirring uniformly for 15min by using a stirrer;
step seven: after stirring, adding the mixture into a forming die for pressing, and pressing by using a brick press under the pressure of 15 Mpa;
step eight: and (3) naturally curing the pressed and molded brick in an open air environment for 7 days at normal temperature to keep the surface of the brick moist.
After the curing is finished, the performance of the brick is detected by using a detection standard JC/T525-containing 2007, the obvious porosity is 7.8 percent, the specific gravity is 2.3, the compressive strength is 28.4Mpa, the bending strength is 3.1Mpa, and the overall performance is good.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, except for step five: mixing the materials with the particle size of more than 280 meshes and the particle size of 200-280 meshes obtained in the step four to obtain an original mixture, wherein the materials with the particle size of 200-280 meshes account for 70% of the mass of the original mixture; the rest steps are the same as the example 2, after the maintenance is finished, the performance of the brick is detected, the obvious porosity is 7.1 percent, the specific gravity is 2.35, the compressive strength is 25.5Mpa, and the bending strength is 2.9 Mpa;
the brick performance test data of comparative example 2 shows that if the proportion of the 200-280 mesh particle size particles to the original mixture is reduced to 70%, the brick performance will change. Wherein the porosity and the specific gravity change are small, and the compressive strength and the bending strength are reduced by 10.2 percent and 6.5 percent respectively in different degrees; the particle size of 200-280 mesh materials accounts for more than 80% of the mass of the original mixture, so that better technical effects can be obtained.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, the second step in the embodiment 2 is removed, the melted mixture is directly subjected to quenching treatment, the rest steps are the same as those in the embodiment 2, and after maintenance is finished, the performance of the brick is detected, so that the obvious porosity is 8.2%, the specific gravity is 2.25, the compressive strength is 24.5Mpa, and the bending strength is 2.7 Mpa;
the brick performance test data of comparative example 2 shows that if the heat preservation process of step two is eliminated, the brick performance is greatly reduced, wherein the compressive strength and the bending strength are respectively reduced by 13.7% and 12.9%.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Various equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these equivalents all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing baking-free bricks by utilizing ash slag is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing and melting the ash and the additive according to the mass ratio of 7:3, wherein the melting mode is melting in a plasma furnace, the temperature is 1500 ℃, and the time is 2 hours; in the process of melting, adding pig iron for heavy metal capture, wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the ash is 1-2: 1000; the ash slag is waste incineration fly ash or hazardous waste incineration bottom slag, and the main component of the additive is silicon dioxide or calcium oxide;
step two: preserving the temperature of the melt at 1250-1300 ℃, wherein the preserving time is more than or equal to 2 min;
step three: quenching the melt obtained in the step two to form a glass body, wherein the quenching rate is more than or equal to 300 ℃/s;
step four: crushing a glass body, and grinding the crushed glass body material; sieving the ground materials, and dividing the materials into 200 meshes below, 200-280 meshes above and 280 meshes above according to the particle size; crushing, grinding and screening the material with the particle size of less than 200 meshes again until the particle size of 200-280 meshes or more than 280 meshes;
step five: mixing the materials with the particle size of more than 280 meshes and the particle size of 200-280 meshes obtained in the step four to obtain an original mixture, wherein the materials with the particle size of 200-280 meshes account for more than 80% of the mass of the original mixture;
step six: mixing cement, water and an original mixture according to a mass ratio of 25-60: 10-40: 100, mixing and stirring uniformly;
step seven: after stirring, adding the mixture into a formed die for pressing;
step eight: and maintaining the pressed and formed brick.
2. The method for preparing baking-free bricks by using ash slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the stirring time of the sixth step is 15 minutes.
3. The method for preparing baking-free bricks by using ash slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seven-step pressing pressure is 15 MPa.
4. The method for preparing baking-free bricks by using ash slag as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the curing time of the step eight is 7 days.
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| CN101773709A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-07-14 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | Universal method for fixing heavy metal in incineration fly ash by adjusting CaO/SiO2 |
| US8603240B2 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-12-10 | James Morano | Converting coal ash and electric arc furnace dust into glass-ceramic materials |
| CN107216126B (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛易生态环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramsite by taking municipal sludge as raw material |
| CN108275974B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-11-10 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Water permeable brick and method for preparing water permeable brick by using fly ash |
| CN108314366B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-27 | 清华大学 | A method of utilizing domestic garbage incineration flyash and furnace slag brick making |
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