WO1998021523A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von flüssigbrennstoff - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von flüssigbrennstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998021523A2 WO1998021523A2 PCT/DE1997/002622 DE9702622W WO9821523A2 WO 1998021523 A2 WO1998021523 A2 WO 1998021523A2 DE 9702622 W DE9702622 W DE 9702622W WO 9821523 A2 WO9821523 A2 WO 9821523A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- porous
- liquid fuel
- mixture
- combustion
- agent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for burning liquid fuel, in particular 01.
- a burner which can be operated with a gas / air mixture as fuel.
- This burner uses what is known as pore burner technology, which differs from all common combustion processes in that the gas / air mixture is burned in the cavities of a porous inert material.
- such a burner is characterized by low pollutant emissions and a very high dynamic performance (up to 1:20) and the air ratio.
- the exhaust gases can be cooled very effectively by a heat exchanger embedded in the porous material, so that very high efficiencies and improved fuel utilization are ensured.
- Such burner / heat exchanger combinations require only about 1/10 of the size of known systems.
- the known burner cannot use liquid fuels such as 01 or the like. , operate.
- EP 0 524 736 A2 discloses a method and a device for carrying out a controlled reaction in a porous matrix.
- gas or steam is conducted from a space m of tubular porous means extending vertically upward therefrom.
- the combustion takes place within the porous medium.
- the heat generated during combustion flows predominantly downstream and enters another room. -
- This method is not suitable for burning liquid fuels.
- the position of the flame front in the porous body is unstable.
- a device for regulating the volume flow coupled to a temperature measuring device is required for position stabilization.
- the heat generated in the known method is incompletely transferred to the surrounding medium by convection. Preheating of the combustion mixture, which increases the efficiency, does not take place. Gas or steam residues remaining in the room after switching off can disadvantageously contribute to spontaneous combustion.
- US 4 133 632 discloses an evaporation type oil burner.
- a porous plate is provided on the bottom of an evaporator housing, on one side of which oil is sucked in by capillary forces and on the other side evaporated into the evaporator housing.
- the evaporated oil is mixed with air and the mixture is finally fed to a combustion chamber, where it is burned with an open flame.
- the known evaporator is disadvantageous in several ways. Because the mixture with air only takes place after the oil has evaporated, a large distance is required to form a homogeneous air / oil mixture. Because of the suction of the oil into the porous plate based on capillary forces, the porous plate must be of very fine pores. However, this means that it is clogged by impurities contained in the oil and must therefore be cleaned regularly. In order to provide a sufficient amount of oil vapor, the porous plate must have a relatively large area that is in full contact with an oil supply. This requirement counteracts a compact design of the known oil burner. Except- This means that it is not possible to start up a burner that has been combined with this evaporator because the formation of the oil vapor takes some time. After the burner has been switched off, an oil vapor / air mixture remains in the evaporator, which can lead to undesired combustion.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a simple process for the most pollutant-free and efficient combustion of liquid fuels, in particular oil is to be specified.
- a device for the combustion of liquid fuels is to be provided which is constructed as simply and compactly as possible and which is inexpensive to manufacture.
- the liquid fuel is distributed by means of a distribution device and transferred to a downstream reactor with a porous agent having a communicating pore space, the Peclet number of which permits flame development within the porous agent.
- the method according to the invention enables a particularly efficient and low-pollution combustion of the liquid fuel used.
- Pe (S L d m c p p) / ⁇
- S L is the laminar flame speed
- d m is the equivalent diameter for the central cavity of the porous material
- c P is the specific heat of the gas mixture
- p is the density of the gas mixture
- ⁇ is the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture.
- the equation shows that the conditions for flame development essentially depend on the equivalent diameter d m for the central cavity or the average pore diameter of the porous material.
- the process-dependent parameters, such as S L , c P , p and ⁇ , are to be defined for a given oxidizing agent / liquid fuel mixture under the conditions prevailing at the inlet, ie in the region of the mixture inlet side, of the porous agent. They are defined in particular by the type of liquid fuel and the oxidizing agent as well as their mixing ratio.
- the process according to the invention has the remarkable advantage that the thermal conductivity ⁇ and the temperature of the oxidizing agent / liquid fuel mixture do not necessarily have to be chosen such that they are below the explosion limit when they enter the porous agent
- a gaseous oxidizing agent in particular air, is fed to the distribution device and / or the porous agent to form a mixture consisting of the liquid fuel and the oxidizing agent.
- the distribution device can have a device for atomizing the liquid fuel.
- the device for atomization can, for example, be washed around by a stream of gaseous oxidizing agent.
- the atomization device advantageously has a Nozzle that is supplied with liquid fuel under pressure.
- the atomization device can also have a 2-substance nozzle, the liquid fuel and pressurized oxidizing agent are supplied. - This forms a first mixture consisting of oxidizing agent and liquid fuel, which can be enriched with additional oxidizing agent.
- the atomizing device is expediently arranged in the vicinity of the porous agent. It can be moved back and forth in relation to the porous medium. If the porous means is cylindrical, the atomizing device is advantageously arranged in the cylinder axis.
- the porous agent can be provided on a mixture inlet side with a porous element having a communicating pore space.
- the porous element is preferably defined by a Peclet number which does not permit flame development and which is usually less than 65.
- a device for evaporating the mixture which expediently contains a porous body having a communicating pore space.
- the average pore diameter of the porous body can be larger than that of the porous element. This facilitates the distribution, mixing and evaporation of the liquid fuel.
- the device for evaporation is usually arranged upstream of the porous agent and downstream of the distribution device.
- the porous agent is in contact with the porous element.
- the porous element can, appropriately sometimes in contact with the porous body on the upstream side.
- the porous element forms a flame barrier on the mixture inlet side of the porous agent, which prevents the mixture from burning through against the direction of the mass flow, in particular in the porous body acting as a device for evaporation. Due to the direct contact of the porous body to the porous element and the porous element to the porous medium, the heat generated in the porous medium by the combustion is transferred not only in the form of heat radiation, but also by thermal conduction to the porous element and the porous body. This ensures complete gasification of the mixture before it enters the porous medium.
- the distribution device expediently has a means for generating liquid jets, wherein this and / or the device for atomization can project into a recess provided in the porous element or in the porous body. This enables a particularly compact design.
- the oxidizing agent and / or the liquid fuel and / or the device for evaporation can be heated by means of a heating device.
- the heat required for the heating device is preferably transferred from the hot combustion gases. Heating of the oxidizing agent can also be achieved by adding hot combustion gases.
- the mixture can be ignited by an ignition device provided in the porous medium or in the device for evaporation or in the vicinity of the distribution device. - If there is one near the distribution facility It may be expedient for the ignition device to first ignite the mixture emerging from the distribution device and burn it freely in order to heat up the porous agent. Then the liquid fuel supply and thus the free combustion is prevented. When the liquid fuel is supplied again, the mixture which forms automatically ignites in the preheated porous medium; there is no longer any free combustion.
- the reactor has a housing which accommodates the porous agent, the housing being able to surround the porous element and the device for evaporation.
- the porous medium is expediently surrounded by a heat exchanger.
- the porous medium is arranged below the distribution device, so that a counterflow which is produced during combustion and is directed counter to the mass flow is formed. This enables the mixture supplied by the mass flow to be preheated. In addition, the counterflow slows down the mass flow. This keeps the position of the flame front stable.
- a device for the combustion of liquid fuel in particular oil
- the liquid fuel being distributable by means of a distribution device and being able to be transferred into a downstream reactor with a porous agent having a communicating pore space, the Peclet number of which develops a flame allowed inside the porous medium.
- the device according to the invention can be produced simply and inexpensively in a compact form. It enables low-pollutant combustion of liquid fuel.
- the device according to the invention is characterized in particular by a high dynamic range and ability to modulate the power range, high air dynamics and a high specific power density.
- Suitable materials for producing the porous agent and the porous element are metal, metal oxides, ceramics and ceramic-coated metal. Debris or aggregates of individual elements, such as balls or the like. , can be used. General criteria for the selection of materials are dimensional stability, resistance to temperature changes, chemical and thermal stability as well as the transport properties, e.g. the thermal conductivity or the heat radiation coefficient.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section through a first
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a second exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through a third exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention
- 5a shows a cross section through a liquid fuel nozzle
- 5b shows a cross section through a 2-substance nozzle
- FIG. 6a shows a schematic cross section through a distributor
- Fig. 6b is a plan view of the distributor of Fig. 6a.
- FIG. 1 shows in a basic sketch an embodiment variant of the method according to the invention.
- liquid fuel is distributed with the participation of a porous body, so that the surface of the liquid fuel increases.
- Air is supplied to the porous body at the same time, which causes an intimate mixing with the distributed liquid fuel.
- the mixture consisting of air and liquid fuel is moved according to the mass flow through the porous body in the direction of the porous medium, on the mixture inlet side of which there is a porous element which acts as a flame barrier.
- heat is transferred to the porous element, which is preferably in direct contact with it, and from there to the porous body.
- the mixture moving through the porous body and the porous element increasingly heats up and evaporates or is converted into the gas phase.
- the mixture is completely homogenized in the porous body.
- the porous body in particular can be additionally heated.
- the vaporized mixture gets into the porous medium and is burned there.
- FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- a general my distribution device designated by reference number 1, essentially consists of a distributor 2.
- the distributor 2 projects into a recess 4 provided on a porous body 3.
- the porous body 3 is in direct contact with a porous element 5, the Peclet Number is less than 65.
- the porous element 5 in turn is in direct contact with a porous means 6.
- the porous means 6 forming the burner is provided with an ignition device 7.
- the porous body 3 here has a plurality of zones or layers 8, 9 and 10, the porosity and average pore diameter of which are different.
- the distribution device 1 consists of a liquid fuel nozzle 11, which is arranged upstream and above the porous body 3. Downstream of the porous means 6, a heat exchanger 12 is arranged, which is embedded in a coarse-pored element 13.
- the porous body 3, the porous element 5, the porous medium 6 and the coarse-pored element 13 are accommodated in a housing 14 which is designed here as a tube.
- the porous medium 6 extends over an essential section of the housing 14.
- a mixture inlet side 15 of the porous medium 6 is here directly supplied with liquid fuel emerging from the liquid fuel nozzle 11.
- the air / liquid fuel mixture or liquid fuel emerging from the distribution device 1 arrives into the porous body 3 and is distributed there radially over its entire cross section.
- the mixture or the liquid fuel is mixed and homogenized with air L entering the porous body 3.
- the mixture is further homogenized and finely divided.
- the mixture is evaporated under the influence of the heat transferred from the porous agent 6.
- the steam or the gasified mixture passes through the porous element 5, which acts as a flame barrier, and finally reaches the porous medium 6, where it is burned.
- the combustion gases are discharged on the outlet side 16 of the porous medium 6 and passed over the heat exchanger 12.
- the mixing, homogenization and evaporation of the mixture takes place in the vicinity of the inlet side 15 of the porous body.
- the mass flow is directed vertically downward.
- the combustion creates a counterflow, which is directed vertically upwards.
- the counterflow slows down the mass flow. As a result, the position of the flame front in the porous medium is kept stable.
- the 2-substance nozzle 17 consists of a liquid fuel nozzle 11 which is surrounded by an air nozzle 18.
- the air nozzle 18 is provided with openings 19 for sucking in air.
- the air / liquid fuel mixture exits through an opening 20 provided in the air nozzle 18.
- FIG. 6a shows a cross section through a distributor 2.
- This essentially consists of a cylinder 21, the interior of which is connected to the environment via radially arranged nozzles 22 Connection is established.
- the arrangement of the nozzles 22 is particularly clear from Fig. 6b.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK97949901T DK1060346T3 (da) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Fremgangsmåde og indretning til forbrænding af flydende brændstof |
DE59709288T DE59709288D1 (de) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von flüssigbrennstoff |
EP97949901A EP1060346B1 (de) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von flüssigbrennstoff |
CA002270971A CA2270971A1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Process and appliance for the combustion of liquid fuel |
EA199900465A EA001328B1 (ru) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Способ и устройство для сжигания жидкого топлива |
JP52203698A JP4029179B2 (ja) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | 液体燃料の燃焼のためのプロセスおよび器具 |
US09/308,202 US6257868B1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Method and device for the combustion of liquid fuel |
AT97949901T ATE232281T1 (de) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von flüssigbrennstoff |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19646957.0 | 1996-11-13 | ||
DE19646957A DE19646957B4 (de) | 1996-11-13 | 1996-11-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Flüssigbrennstoff |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998021523A2 true WO1998021523A2 (de) | 1998-05-22 |
WO1998021523A3 WO1998021523A3 (de) | 1998-11-12 |
Family
ID=7811583
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1997/002622 WO1998021523A2 (de) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-11-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von flüssigbrennstoff |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6257868B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1060346B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4029179B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1227476C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE232281T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2270971A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19646957B4 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1060346T3 (de) |
EA (1) | EA001328B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2195188T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1060346E (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998021523A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10230149A1 (de) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-12 | Sgl Acotec Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff |
DE102011119162A1 (de) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-23 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Wärmetauscher sowie Anordnung eines Wärmetauschersin einem Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Fahrzeuges |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AT406414B8 (de) * | 1998-02-27 | 2000-07-25 | Windhager Zentralheizung Gmbh | Vorrichtung in mit flüssigen brennstoffen betriebenen heizungsanlagen |
DE19951000C2 (de) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-08-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Strahlungsbrenner mit einem porösen Brennkörper |
ATE319964T1 (de) | 2001-06-02 | 2006-03-15 | Gvp Ges Zur Vermarktung Der Po | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur schadstoffarmen nicht-katalytischen verbrennung eines flüssigen brennstoffs |
DE10246231A1 (de) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Nachbrenneinrichtung |
US7101175B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2006-09-05 | Texaco Inc. | Anode tailgas oxidizer |
US7235217B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2007-06-26 | Texaco Inc. | Method and apparatus for rapid heating of fuel reforming reactants |
CA2436480A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-01-31 | University Technologies International Inc. | Porous media gas burner |
JP4617079B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-19 | 2011-01-19 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 改質器用バーナおよび燃料電池システム |
DE102004049903B4 (de) * | 2004-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | Enerday Gmbh | Brennervorrichtung mit einem Porenkörper |
US8177545B2 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2012-05-15 | Texaco Inc. | Method for operating a combustor having a catalyst bed |
DE102005004062A1 (de) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Porenkörpereinrichtung für einen Porenbrenner, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Porenkörpers für einen Porenbrenner und Porenbrenner |
DE102007015753B4 (de) | 2007-03-30 | 2018-08-09 | Khs Gmbh | Schrumpftunnel, Schrumpfgaserhitzer und Verfahren zum Aufschrumpfen von Schrumpffolien auf Verpackungen oder Verpackungseinheiten |
US7493876B2 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-24 | Joseph Robert Strempek | Passive mixing device for staged combustion of gaseous boiler fuels |
TWI450439B (zh) * | 2009-10-22 | 2014-08-21 | Atomic Energy Council | 應用於高溫燃料電池之多孔性介質燃燒器 |
CN101900332B (zh) * | 2010-05-07 | 2011-12-28 | 大连海事大学 | 蓄热式超低热值燃气处理及能量利用装置 |
CN102563641B (zh) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-11-05 | 西安交通大学 | 一种液体燃料蓄热式燃烧器 |
US9976740B2 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2018-05-22 | Board of Regents of the Nevada Systems of Higher Educations, on Behalf of the University of Nevada, Reno | Burner |
CN106103338B (zh) * | 2014-02-14 | 2018-04-20 | 克利尔赛恩燃烧公司 | 具有有孔火焰保持器的顶烧式燃烧器 |
DE102014209529A1 (de) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verbrennung von Lithium bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen, Drücken und Gasüberschüssen mit porösen Rohren als Brenner |
CN105509044B (zh) * | 2014-09-26 | 2018-05-04 | 承德坤元环保科技有限公司 | 一种燃油气化燃烧器的制造方法 |
DE102014117115A1 (de) * | 2014-11-23 | 2016-05-25 | Webasto SE | Verdampferanordnung |
US11255538B2 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2022-02-22 | Gas Technology Institute | Radiant infrared gas burner |
US10539326B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2020-01-21 | Clearsign Combustion Corporation | Duplex burner with velocity-compensated mesh and thickness |
US20220389872A1 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-12-08 | Sierra Turbines Inc. | Additively manufactured gas turbine fuel injector ring and uni-body turbine engine |
CN116293676B (zh) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-08-01 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | 一种多孔介质燃烧装置、氨气燃烧系统及燃烧控制方法 |
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US4133632A (en) | 1976-06-03 | 1979-01-09 | Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Vaporizing type oil burner |
EP0524736A2 (de) | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-27 | IN-PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Reaktion in einer Reaktionsmatrix |
DE4322109A1 (de) | 1993-07-02 | 1995-01-12 | Durst Franz Prof Dr Dr H C | Brenner |
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1996
- 1996-11-13 DE DE19646957A patent/DE19646957B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-11-10 EA EA199900465A patent/EA001328B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 US US09/308,202 patent/US6257868B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 DE DE59709288T patent/DE59709288D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 CN CNB971996938A patent/CN1227476C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 JP JP52203698A patent/JP4029179B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 ES ES97949901T patent/ES2195188T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-10 EP EP97949901A patent/EP1060346B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-10 DK DK97949901T patent/DK1060346T3/da active
- 1997-11-10 PT PT97949901T patent/PT1060346E/pt unknown
- 1997-11-10 WO PCT/DE1997/002622 patent/WO1998021523A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-10 AT AT97949901T patent/ATE232281T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 CA CA002270971A patent/CA2270971A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
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US4133632A (en) | 1976-06-03 | 1979-01-09 | Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Vaporizing type oil burner |
EP0524736A2 (de) | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-27 | IN-PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Reaktion in einer Reaktionsmatrix |
DE4322109A1 (de) | 1993-07-02 | 1995-01-12 | Durst Franz Prof Dr Dr H C | Brenner |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10230149A1 (de) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-12 | Sgl Acotec Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff |
DE10230149B4 (de) * | 2002-07-04 | 2008-08-07 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff |
US7931709B2 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2011-04-26 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Process and apparatus for generating hydrogen |
DE102011119162A1 (de) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-23 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Wärmetauscher sowie Anordnung eines Wärmetauschersin einem Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Fahrzeuges |
EP2597280A2 (de) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-29 | MAN Truck & Bus AG | Wärmetauscher sowie Anordnung eines Wärmetauschers in einem Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19646957A1 (de) | 1998-05-14 |
CN1227476C (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
EA199900465A1 (ru) | 1999-12-29 |
JP2001504204A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
DE59709288D1 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
ES2195188T3 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
US6257868B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
CA2270971A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
JP4029179B2 (ja) | 2008-01-09 |
DE19646957B4 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
WO1998021523A3 (de) | 1998-11-12 |
DK1060346T3 (da) | 2003-05-26 |
ATE232281T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
EA001328B1 (ru) | 2001-02-26 |
EP1060346A2 (de) | 2000-12-20 |
CN1237239A (zh) | 1999-12-01 |
EP1060346B1 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
PT1060346E (pt) | 2003-06-30 |
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