WO1998012479A1 - Verfahren zur katalytischen verbrennung eines fossilen brennstoffs in einer verbrennungsanlage und anordnung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur katalytischen verbrennung eines fossilen brennstoffs in einer verbrennungsanlage und anordnung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998012479A1 WO1998012479A1 PCT/DE1997/002077 DE9702077W WO9812479A1 WO 1998012479 A1 WO1998012479 A1 WO 1998012479A1 DE 9702077 W DE9702077 W DE 9702077W WO 9812479 A1 WO9812479 A1 WO 9812479A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- combustion
- elements
- fuel
- oxidation catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/03342—Arrangement of silo-type combustion chambers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the catalytic combustion of a fossil fuel in a combustion plant, in particular in a gas turbine combustion chamber, in which a fuel-oxygen mixture or a
- Fuel / fresh air mixture with an overstoichiometric proportion of oxygen is contacted with an oxidation catalyst. It also relates to an arrangement for performing the method.
- DeNOx plants In order to subsequently reduce the proportion of nitrogen oxides in the combustion exhaust gas of an incineration plant, DeNOx plants have established themselves as so-called secondary measures. In these DeNOx plants, the nitrogen oxides are converted to harmless nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 0) with the help of DeNOx catalysts in the presence of an admixed reducing agent - in the power plant area this is ammonia (NH 3 ).
- catalytic combustors that burn the fuel flameless can operate at relatively low temperatures. Therefore, less nitrogen oxides are generated in them from the outset than with conventional combustion chambers with their rather hot flames.
- catalytic combustion chambers have the property that their catalytic activity increases with temperature. This easily leads to local overheating of the catalyst, through which nitrogen oxides are increasingly formed. Such local overheating can also destroy the catalytic converter.
- Combustion chamber for gas turbines with both pre-combustion chambers and catalytic combustion chambers The premix combustion chambers are located next to the catalytic combustion chambers, so that the hot flames of the pre-combustion chambers cannot strike the catalytic surfaces of the catalytic combustion chambers directly. These are protected against direct overheating by the flames of the premix combustion chambers.
- the catalytic combustion chambers are provided with exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber mixed with the fresh air through a type of jet pump flowing through the catalytic combustion chambers and preheating them without overheating them.
- a combustion chamber arrangement for gas turbines is known from US Pat. No. 4,040,252, in which oxidation catalysts are arranged behind a conventional combustion chamber in the flow direction of the gases.
- This combustion chamber arrangement is used with the conventional combustion chamber, i.e. H. started with flame, whereby the hot flame of the conventional combustion chamber flows through the catalytic surfaces and heats them up. This can lead to overheating of the catalytic surfaces and their destruction as soon as they start up. Only if after heating up the catalytic surfaces by the hot flame of the conventional combustion chamber whose flame extinguishes with the fuel-air mixture now set to be very lean, there is a narrow performance range in this version in which one can work with the more emission-free flameless catalytic combustion.
- a suitable catalyst for the catalytic combustion of the fuel of a gas turbine is known from WO 93/18347 AI, a catalyst made of palladium oxide on a support made of a metal oxide such as cerium oxide, titanium dioxide, tantalum oxide or an aluminum oxide modified with a lanthanum oxide.
- a metal oxide such as cerium oxide, titanium dioxide, tantalum oxide or an aluminum oxide modified with a lanthanum oxide.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an arrangement to determine the proportion of nitrogen oxides in the combustion exhaust gas of an incinerator by primary measures, i. H. by flameless catalytic oxidation of the fuel-oxygen or fuel-air mixture, as far as possible and thereby avoid local overheating in the area of the catalyst both to protect the catalyst itself and to minimize nitrogen oxide production.
- the above-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention in that the fuel-oxygen mixture or the fuel-fresh air mixture with an excess of stoichiometric oxygen is contacted with an oxidation catalyst, the catalytically active material of which is titanium dioxide in the rutile modification and at least one Contains dopant which contains at least one of the elements of atomic numbers 58 (cerium) to 72 (tantalum) and additionally or alternatively at least one of the elements of subgroup 3 of the periodic table of the elements, in particular scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y) or lanthanum ( La).
- an oxidation catalyst the catalytically active material of which is titanium dioxide in the rutile modification and at least one Contains dopant which contains at least one of the elements of atomic numbers 58 (cerium) to 72 (tantalum) and additionally or alternatively at least one of the elements of subgroup 3 of the periodic table of the elements, in particular scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y) or lanthanum (
- the above object is achieved in that a gas path for a fuel-oxygen mixture or a fuel-fresh air mixture is provided, and that an oxidation catalyst is installed in the gas path, the catalytically active material of titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ) in the rutile modification and at least one doping substance which contains at least one of the elements of atomic numbers 58 (cerium) to 72 (tantalum) and additionally or alternatively at least one of the elements of the 3rd subgroup of the periodic system of the elements, in particular scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y) or lanthanum (La).
- Titanium dioxide in the rutile modification catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the temperature range of 1000 to 1400 ° C that is of interest here.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the catalytic activity of this oxidation catalytic converter does not, as is customary, depend on the amount of a catalytically active element, such as the proportion of platinum in platinum catalysts, but that the catalytic activity depends on the density of the oxygen defect sites in the Crystal lattice depends. This density of the oxygen defect sites is limited by the material and can also be influenced by the locally and currently present oxygen content or oxygen partial pressure and by the temperature.
- the temperature in the combustion chamber of the incineration plant can be adjusted to the gas turbine inlet temperature which is currently the maximum permissible for material technology reasons by merely regulating the fuel rate in the oxygen-inert gas mixture or in the fresh air quantity. This means that the temperature can always be kept well below the usual flame temperature. This primary measure significantly reduces the temperature-dependent formation rate of the nitrogen oxides.
- the localizable catalytic activity of the catalyst prevents any local overheating. This serves both protecting the catalyst from overheating and limiting the formation of nitrogen oxides.
- the catalytically active material comprises no more than 30% by weight of dopants.
- elements of the dopant are generally in the form of their oxides.
- the thermal shock sensitivity of the oxidation catalyst can be increased significantly if, in an appropriate further development, a metal, in particular zirconium (Zr), cerium (Ce) or hafnium (Hf), is added to the catalyst material as a further dopant in the fluorite structure.
- a metal in particular zirconium (Zr), cerium (Ce) or hafnium (Hf) is added to the catalyst material as a further dopant in the fluorite structure.
- the catalytic combustion described here can support combustion of the fossil fuel with the help of a burner.
- the oxidation catalytic converter is assigned to a conventional combustion chamber, for example a premixing combustion chamber or a diffusion combustion chamber in a turbine. Further advantageous refinements are characterized in the subclaims.
- FIG. 1 shows a gas turbine with a partially broken combustion chamber
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a catalytic converter element from FIGS 3 shows a diagram in which the catalytic activity A of the catalyst is plotted as a function of the oxygen content V in volume percent.
- the gas turbine 1 shows a large gas turbine 1 as used in a gas turbine power plant and in a gas and steam turbine power plant for driving a generator.
- a gas turbine 1 usually has an output of a few 100 MW.
- the gas turbine 1 shown comprises a fresh air compressor 4 and an exhaust gas turbine 8, which are mounted on a common shaft 6.
- the shaft 6 is coupled on the side of the fresh air compressor 4 to a generator 2, which is only indicated here.
- Two radially arranged combustion chambers 12 and 14 can be seen on an intermediate part 10 between the fresh air compressor 4 and the exhaust gas turbine 8.
- two fuel supply lines 16, 18 and 20, 22 open into each of the two combustion chambers 12, 14.
- the combustion chamber 14 is shown broken, so that its structure can be seen.
- the combustion chamber 14 contains a centrally arranged inner combustion chamber 24 within a cylindrical-conical wall 40.
- the combustion chamber housing is designated by 26.
- the space 28 between the combustion chamber housing 26 and the wall 40 of the inner combustion chamber 24 serves as a flow channel (ring-shaped in cross section) for the compressed fresh air coming from the fresh air compressor 4.
- the two fuel supply lines 16, 18 and 20, 22 are connected to the end of the combustion chamber 12, 14 facing away from the center of the gas turbine 1.
- the lines 20, 22 each open into a gas outlet nozzle 30 or 32, which protrude into the combustion chamber 24 open at this end of the combustion chamber 14.
- the two gas outflow nozzles 30, 32 are followed at some distance in the direction of flow of the gases by a gas diffuser 34 which fills the entire cross section of the combustion chamber 24. This is followed at a predetermined distance by filling the entire cross section of the combustion chamber 24 Oxidation catalyst 36. In the exemplary embodiment, this consists of two layers 48, 50 of catalyst elements 38 placed one on top of the other.
- the wall 40 of the combustion chamber 24 is lined with ceramic plates 42, so-called heat shields, downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 36 in the flow direction.
- a support structure is coated with catalytically active material in the exemplary embodiment.
- the conical wall 40 of the combustion chamber 24 here is provided with small openings 43. Hot fuel gases can flow into the intermediate space 28 via these openings 43.
- the catalyst element 38 shown in perspective in FIG. 2 contains a ceramic honeycomb body 39 made of aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3 ) as the supporting structure.
- this honeycomb body 39 could equally well consist of zirconium oxide (Zr0 2 ) or of an Si0 2 / Al 2 0 3 ceramic.
- the honeycomb body 39 has continuous, mutually parallel channels 52 of rectangular cross section through which the gases coming from the gas diffuser 34 can flow.
- the honeycomb body 39 is coated on its surface with the catalytically active material. In the exemplary embodiment, this coating is carried out by immersing the honeycomb body 39 in an aqueous slurry of the catalytically active material and then sintering.
- the catalytically active material used for the oxidation catalyst 36 essentially consists of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in the rutile modification.
- the titanium oxide as dopants are temperature-resistant compounds of the ele duck mixed with atomic numbers 58 (cerium) to 72 (tantalum).
- temperature-resistant connections of elements of subgroup 3 of the periodic system of elements such as scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y) or lanthanum (La), could also be added. These elements have the property that they can be used to adjust the catalytic activity in the temperature range of interest from 1000 to 1500 ° C. when working with mixing ratios of titanium oxide to the dopants mentioned from 70 to 100% by weight to 30 to 0% by weight becomes.
- zirconium oxide in the fluorite structure is also added to the catalytically active material in amounts of 2% by weight. This significantly increases the stability of the catalytically active material, especially at high temperatures. This has to do with the fact that zirconium oxide has an anti-aging effect. This will reduce the catalytically active surface, ie. H. the porosity, counteracted by sintering. However, cerium or hafnium in the fluorite structure could equally well be used in amounts of about 2% by weight.
- Oxygen content V This process is reversible.
- the rate at which the number of oxygen defect sites adapts to the prevailing oxygen content V is greater at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature.
- simply changing the oxygen content V can reversibly influence the catalytic activity A of the oxidation catalyst 36.
- the number of oxygen defects and thus the catalytic activity A increases with decreasing oxygen content up to a certain maximum value Q and thereafter remains approximately constant. This means that, as is generally customary, the catalytic activity A initially rises with the temperature. This effect is intensified by an increase in the oxygen defect sites, which results from the oxygen content which decreases during the oxidation.
- the catalytic activity A remains constant as soon as the maximum possible defect site density has been reached.
- the present oxidation catalytic converter 36 has a built-in temperature limit, so to speak.
- Limiting the maximum temperature protects the oxidation catalytic converter from overheating, but also limits the nitrogen oxide formation rate.
- the lack of local temperature excesses in the catalyst area alone reduces the average formation rate of nitrogen oxides.
- the rate of formation of nitrogen oxides can be further reduced by lowering the catalytic activity and thus the temperature in the oxidation catalytic converter by increasing the supply of fresh air or reducing the supply of fuel to a value which is adapted to the maximum permissible gas inlet temperature in the internal combustion engine. This further leads to the fact that a downstream
- DeNOx system of conventional type can be made much smaller, which means both the installation costs and the Lowers operating costs.
- the associated lower pressure drop in the exhaust gas duct of the gas turbine also results in a higher overall efficiency of the power plant. In extreme cases, as will be shown, it is even conceivable to completely save the downstream DeNOx system through the flameless catalytic oxidation of the fossil fuel.
- the wall 40 of the inner combustion chamber 24 is lined with ceramic plates or combustion chamber stones 42 on the inside in the flow direction of the gases behind the oxidation catalytic converter 36.
- these combustion chamber stones 42 are support plates, especially ceramic plates, which are also coated on the surface with the catalytically active material.
- a powder mixture of the titanium oxide and the dopants used was sprayed onto the supporting structure of the combustion chamber stones 42 in a flame spraying process.
- fresh air 44 is sucked in by the fresh air compressor 4, compressed and pressed into the intermediate space 28 between the wall 40 of the inner combustion chamber 24 and the combustion chamber housing 26. This is illustrated by arrows.
- the incoming, compressed fresh air 44 cools the wall 40 of the inner combustion chamber 24; it is warmed up itself. This warming-up is increased even further because the wall 40 of the inner combustion chamber 24 in the direction of flow downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 36 contains the small openings 43 through which hot exhaust gas 47 in the space 28 is mixed with the incoming fresh air 44.
- the heated, compressed fresh air flows at the head of the combustion chamber 14 44 into the open combustion chamber 24.
- the oxygen oxidizes the fuel gas 46.
- the operator is given the hand To set the temperature in the catalytic converter 36 within wide limits by metered addition of the fuel 46 and / or the fresh air 44.
- the operator need not fear that the catalyst 36 may overheat when working in the upper activity area because there is no longer a positive feedback effect in this area with the temperature. That is, accidental local temperature increases - unlike other catalysts - do not go hand in hand with an increase in catalytic activity A from a certain upper activity AQ - they do not rock up any further. This makes it possible to work far below the usual flame temperature, without local temperature excesses, and the primary generation of nitrogen oxides can thus be reliably minimized.
- the specific surface area of the catalyst element 39 is in the range from 1 to 40 m 2 per gram. Quite good results can be achieved by soaking an inert ceramic with a specific surface area of 5 m 2 per gram with an aqueous slurry of the catalytic substance. Good results are also obtained by coprecipitating the mixture of the titanium oxide with the chosen dopants, that is, the joint precipitation of the substances from an aqueous solution. This co-precipitate can either be extruded into honeycomb bodies and then sintered or applied to a ceramic base and sintered together with the latter.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97943777A EP0925474A1 (de) | 1996-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Verfahren zur katalytischen verbrennung eines fossilen brennstoffs in einer verbrennungsanlage und anordnung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens |
JP10514172A JP2001500603A (ja) | 1996-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | 燃焼設備における化石燃料の触媒燃焼方法及びこの方法を実施するための装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19637727.7 | 1996-09-16 | ||
DE1996137727 DE19637727A1 (de) | 1996-09-16 | 1996-09-16 | Verfahren zur katalytischen Verbrennung eines fossilen Brennstoffs in einer Verbrennungsanlage und Anordnung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998012479A1 true WO1998012479A1 (de) | 1998-03-26 |
Family
ID=7805799
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1997/002077 WO1998012479A1 (de) | 1996-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Verfahren zur katalytischen verbrennung eines fossilen brennstoffs in einer verbrennungsanlage und anordnung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0925474A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001500603A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19637727A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998012479A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2119964A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-18 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Emissionsreduktionsverfahren für eine Brennkammer |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6460345B1 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-10-08 | General Electric Company | Catalytic combustor flow conditioner and method for providing uniform gasvelocity distribution |
EP1286112A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vormischbrenner und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3943705A (en) | 1974-11-15 | 1976-03-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Wide range catalytic combustor |
US4040252A (en) | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Catalytic premixing combustor |
US4483944A (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1984-11-20 | Corning Glass Works | Aluminum titanate-mullite ceramic articles |
US4857499A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1989-08-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | High temperature combustion catalyst and method for producing the same |
WO1993018347A1 (en) | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic combustion process using supported palladium oxide catalysts |
EP0576697A1 (de) | 1992-06-29 | 1994-01-05 | Abb Research Ltd. | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine |
EP0718027A1 (de) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Katalysator enthaltendes, wärmegedämmtes Element damit versehene Gasturbine |
US5551239A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1996-09-03 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic combustion system including a separator body |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1358636A (en) * | 1972-04-05 | 1974-07-03 | British Titan Ltd | Rutile titanium dioxide |
DE19509893C1 (de) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-12-19 | Siemens Ag | Katalysatorträger aus Titandioxid sowie seine Verwendung |
-
1996
- 1996-09-16 DE DE1996137727 patent/DE19637727A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-09-16 JP JP10514172A patent/JP2001500603A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-16 WO PCT/DE1997/002077 patent/WO1998012479A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-16 EP EP97943777A patent/EP0925474A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3943705A (en) | 1974-11-15 | 1976-03-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Wide range catalytic combustor |
US4040252A (en) | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Catalytic premixing combustor |
US4483944A (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1984-11-20 | Corning Glass Works | Aluminum titanate-mullite ceramic articles |
US4857499A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1989-08-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | High temperature combustion catalyst and method for producing the same |
WO1993018347A1 (en) | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic combustion process using supported palladium oxide catalysts |
EP0576697A1 (de) | 1992-06-29 | 1994-01-05 | Abb Research Ltd. | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine |
US5551239A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1996-09-03 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic combustion system including a separator body |
EP0718027A1 (de) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Katalysator enthaltendes, wärmegedämmtes Element damit versehene Gasturbine |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2119964A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-18 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Emissionsreduktionsverfahren für eine Brennkammer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19637727A1 (de) | 1998-03-19 |
JP2001500603A (ja) | 2001-01-16 |
EP0925474A1 (de) | 1999-06-30 |
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