WO1998011208A1 - Procede de preparation d'adn plasmidique - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'adn plasmidique Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998011208A1 WO1998011208A1 PCT/FR1997/001594 FR9701594W WO9811208A1 WO 1998011208 A1 WO1998011208 A1 WO 1998011208A1 FR 9701594 W FR9701594 W FR 9701594W WO 9811208 A1 WO9811208 A1 WO 9811208A1
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- plasmid dna
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- pharmaceutical composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
- C12N15/1006—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers
- C12N15/101—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers by chromatography, e.g. electrophoresis, ion-exchange, reverse phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4707—Muscular dystrophy
- C07K14/4708—Duchenne dystrophy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a new plasmid DNA purification protocol making it possible to produce a large quantity of DNA of pharmaceutical quality acceptable for use in humans. It also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the DNA thus obtained and its use for the transfer of a nucleic acid into a host cell.
- the invention is of particular interest for gene therapy perspectives.
- genes into a given cell is the very basis of gene therapy.
- This new technology makes it possible to envisage the treatment of serious illnesses for which conventional therapeutic alternatives are ineffective or even non-existent and also concerns genetic illnesses (hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, myopathy, etc.) that acquired (cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS, ).
- the most practiced approach consists in using a viral vehicle to introduce the therapeutic nucleic acid into the cell to be treated and, in particular, retroviral and adenoviral.
- viruses have developed sophisticated mechanisms to cross cell membranes, escape degradation at the level of lysosomes and make their genome penetrate into the nuclei in order to ensure the expression of the therapeutic gene.
- the viral approach has its limitations, in particular a limited cloning capacity, a potential production of viral particles competent for replication capable of dissemination in the host organism and the environment, a risk of insertional mutagenesis in the case of vectors. retrovirals and, in the case of adenoviral vectors, induction of immune and inflammatory responses in the host which hamper repeat therapy.
- Non-viral vectors More and more gene transfer methods use non-viral vectors.
- One of the most used is to deliver the therapeutic nucleic acid by means of synthetic vectors, such as cationic lipids which spontaneously interact with the nucleic acid to form positively charged complexes capable of fusing with the anionic cell membranes and causing the penetration of the nucleic acid they transport (see for example Behr, Bioconjugate Chemistry (1944 5: 382)).
- a so-called biolistic method by bombardment of cells with metal microprojectiles covered with DNA has recently been used in the context of an anti-AIDS trial (Woftendin et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 2889-2894).
- an even simpler approach can also be envisaged by direct administration of naked DNA, in particular in the context of diseases affecting the muscles by intramuscular injection.
- These non-viral methods generally use a plasmid vector carrying the therapeutic gene and the elements necessary for its expression.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for preparing a plasmid DNA from a wet cellular biomass harvested after fermentation of a producer cell comprising said plasmid DNA, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a ) alkaline lysis of the resuspended biomass, after resuspension of the wet cellular biomass b) acidification at high ionic strength, c) elimination of insolubles, d) reduction of endotoxins and ribonucleic acids (RNA), e) gel filtration chromatography, and f) conditioning.
- Plasmid DNA denotes an extrachromosomal cellular element formed from a generally circular DNA molecule capable of autonomous replication in a producer cell (the cell in which it is amplified).
- the choice of plasmids which can be used in the process of the present invention is vast. They can be of any origin (prokaryotic, eukaryotic) or be formed by the assembly of various elements. Generally, the plasmids are known to those skilled in the art. Many of them are commercially available, but it is also possible to construct them using genetic manipulation techniques (Maniatis et al., 1989, Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY).
- It may be a cloning or expression vector derived for example from pBR322 (Gibco BRL), pUC (Gibco BRL), pBluescript (Stratagene), pREP4, pCEP4 (Invitrogene) or even p Poly (Lathe et al ., 1987, Gene 57, 193-201).
- a plasmid used in the context of the present invention has the genetic elements which allow it to replicate autonomously in the producer cell and, optionally, in a host cell (cell in which the therapeutic effect is research).
- Such elements can be constituted, inter alia, by an origin of replication ensuring the initiation of replication in a bacterium, yeast, fungus or mammalian cell. It can be isolated from a prokaryote (ColEl %), from a eukaryote (2 ⁇ or ARS for autonomous replication sequence), from a virus (SV40 ori from simian virus 40, oriP from Epstein Barr EBV virus.) or a bacteriophage (flora). Choosing the appropriate origin of replication is within the skill of the art.
- the origin ColEl will be retained.
- it will also include a functional origin in a eukaryote, for example oriP and may include the gene coding for the EBNA-1 protein of the EBV virus necessary for replication. from the latter (Lupton and Levine, 1985, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 2533-2542, Yates et al., Nature 313, 812-815).
- a plasmid used in the present invention may also comprise a selection gene making it possible to select or identify the transfected cells (producer cells and / or host cells). Selection methods based on the principle of deficient producer cells can be applied (by auxotrophic mutations or introduction of a lethal gene) incapable of growing in the absence of a plasmid carrying a gene complementing this deficiency (for example dap system described in application EP 0 258 1 18, complementation of an auxotrophy mutation, use of genes coding for a suppressor tRNA sup E, supF, etc.).
- Another commonly used practice consists in integrating into the plasmid a gene coding for resistance to an antibiotic (ampicillin, anamycin, tetracycline, etc.). Of course, it can include additional elements improving its maintenance and / or its stability in a host or producer cell.
- an antibiotic ampicillin, anamycin, tetracycline, etc.
- it can include additional elements improving its maintenance and / or its stability in a host or producer cell.
- sequence cer the presence of which promotes the monomeric maintenance of a plasmid (Summers and Sherrat, 1984, Cell 36, 1097-1 103) and certain sequences of viral origins (LTR of retrovirus, ITR d '' a virus associated with adenovirus ...) or cellular allowing integration into the chromosomes of the host cell.
- a plasmid used in the present invention is intended to transport one or more gene (s) of therapeutic interest in a host cell.
- the gene of interest can code for an antisense RNA, a messenger RNA which will then be translated into the polypeptide of interest, a ribozyme or even an RNA conferring a direct therapeutic benefit (VA RNA of an adenovirus capable to suppress the immune response, RNA activating the synthesis interferon) (Abbas et al. in Cellular and Molecular Immunology, WB, Saunders Company Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. p. 228).
- the gene of interest can be isolated by any conventional technique such as cloning, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or even chemically synthesized. It can be of genomic type (provided with one or more introns) or complementary DNA (cDNA).
- the polypeptide of interest can consist of a mature protein, a precursor and, in particular a precursor intended to be secreted and comprising a signal peptide, a truncated protein, a chimeric protein originating from the fusion of sequences of various origins or else a mutated protein with improved and / or modified biological properties.
- a gene of interest selected from those encoding the following polypeptides:
- cytokines or lymphokines interferons ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ , interleukins and in particular IL-2, IL-6, riL-10 or IL-12, tumor necrosis factors (TNF), colony stimulating factors (GM -CSF, C-CSF, M-CSF ...); cellular or nuclear receptors, in particular those recognized by pathogenic organisms (viruses, bacteria, or parasites) and, preferably, by the HIV virus (Immunodeficiency Virus Human) or their ligands; - proteins involved in a genetic disease (factor VII, factor VIII, factor
- IX dystrophin or minidystrophin, insulin, CFTR protein (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), growth hormones (hGH), enzymes (urease, renin, thrombin ...); enzyme inhibitors ( ⁇ 1 -antitrypsin, antithrombin III, inhibitors of viral proteases ...); polypeptides with anti-tumor effect capable of at least partially inhibiting the initiation or progression of tumors or cancers (antisense RNA, antibodies, inhibitors acting at the level of cell division or transduction signals, expression products of tumor suppressor genes, for example p53 or Rb, proteins stimulating the immune system, etc.); proteins of the major histocompatibility complex of classes I or II or proteins regulators acting on the expression of the corresponding genes, polypeptides capable of inhibiting a viral, bacterial or parasitic infection or its development (antigenic polypeptides having immunogenic properties, antigenic epitopes, antibodies, trans-dominant variants capable of inhibiting the
- the gene of interest can be placed under the control of the elements necessary for its expression in the host cell.
- elements necessary for its expression is meant all of the elements allowing its transcription into RNA and the translation of a polypeptide mRNA
- the promoter is of particular importance II can derive from any gene (eukaryotic, viral, natural promoter of the gene of interest in question) or can be artificial Furthermore, it can be constitutive or regulatable Alternatively, it can be modified so as to improve the promoter activity, to suppress a region inhibiting transcription, to modify its mode of regulation, to introduce a restriction site.
- CMV viral promoters Cytomegalovirus
- RSV Raster Sarcoma Virus
- TK gene of the HSV-1 virus early of the SV40 virus
- adenoviral MLP adenoviral MLP
- eukaryotic promoters of the PG genes Murine or human K (Phospho Glycerate kinase), ⁇ l-antitrypsin (liver-specific), immunoglobulins (lymphocyte-specific)
- Such elements may also include additional elements such as introns, signal sequence, nuclear localization sequence, termination sequence of transcription (polyA), site of initiation of IRES or other type translation, etc.
- a plasmid used in the present invention is amplified in a producer cell before being purified according to the process of the present invention.
- Very particularly preferred are gram negative bacteria and, in particular, E. coli.
- the strains may be mentioned DH5 (Grant et al, 1990, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87, 4645-4649), MC1061 (Wertman et al, 1986, Gene 49, 253-262) and its derivatives like DH10B (Grant et al, 1990, supra) Being gives that it is a widely known technology to date, only a brief description will be given of the procedure for introducing and amplifying a plasmid into a bacterium.
- All conventional techniques can be used in the context of the present invention (treatment with calcium chlorides, rubidium, cobalt hexamine, by reducing agents, by DMSO, electroporation, transduction, liposomes, ...; Maniatis et al., 1 89, supra).
- the producer cells thus transformed are then cultured according to general art practices (continuous fermentation "batch” or fed “fed batch”).
- the culture conditions can be easily established by a person skilled in the art on the basis of general knowledge in this field and of the selection system carried by the plasmid.
- the wet cell biomass is lysed after resuspension.
- a slightly basic resuspension buffer is generally used to neutralize the acidic character of the cell paste and of weak ionic strength having little or no lyrical effects on the transformed cells. Its composition and pH can vary in particular depending on the producer cell, the culture medium used or any other parameter. The man of the year is able to develop an appropriate resuspension pad.
- An example which may be mentioned is a buffer containing EDTA (concentration of 1 to 50 M, preferably 10 mM) and Tris-HCl
- the alkaline lysis step makes it possible to release the cell content and to solubilize all the components. Proteins, RNA and DNA are denatured, including plasmid DNA, the two homologous strands of which remain tangled, unlike genomic DNA. It may be advantageous to carry out the alkaline lysis in the presence of a detergent and, preferably, an anionic surfactant. The choice of base and surfactant is not limited.
- the combination of sodium hydroxide and SDS sodium dodecylsulfate is preferred, in particular at final concentrations around 0.1 M and 0.5% respectively.
- the final pH of the lysis solution is preferably between 1 1 and 13 and, optimally, between 12.2 and 12.4. It is indicated that it is preferable to mix the resuspended transformed cells and the lysis solution in a gentle manner, for example by inversion, in order to minimize breaks in the genomic cellular DNA which would then be liable to contaminate the preparation of Plasmid DNA.
- the second step of the process according to the invention results in acidification with high ionic strength of the lysate obtained previously.
- the acidification is preferably carried out abruptly, c is to say in one go. Under these conditions, the plasmid DNA is rapidly renatured while the vast majority of proteins, denatured genomic DNA and insoluble RNA species under conditions of high ionic strength flocculate.
- a solution comprising a buffer or a strong acid combined with a salt whose pH is between 4.5 and 6.5.
- a solution of potassium acetate preferably at a final concentration close to 1 M, so as to obtain a final pH of about 5.1
- a sodium acetate solution of pH and concentration as indicated above
- the selected filter will have a porosity of between 1 and 100 ⁇ m, more advantageously 2 and 75 ⁇ m, preferably 5 and 75 ⁇ m, quite advantageously, 3 and 50 ⁇ m, and, quite preferably, 10 and 50 ⁇ m II can be made of synthetic material such as nylon.
- successive filtrations are carried out using filters of decreasing porosity, for example a first filtration on sintered glass with a porosity of between 100 and 40 ⁇ m (sinter No. 2, Schott AG), the second on frit of porosity 16 to 40 ⁇ m (frit N ° 3, Schott AG) and the last on frit of porosity 10 to 16 ⁇ m (frit N ° 4, Schott AG)
- filters of decreasing porosity for example a first filtration on sintered glass with a porosity of between 100 and 40 ⁇ m (sinter No. 2, Schott AG), the second on frit of porosity 16 to 40 ⁇ m (frit N ° 3, Schott AG) and the last on frit of porosity 10 to 16 ⁇ m (frit N ° 4, Schott AG)
- the filtrate can be concentrated before the next step of reduction of endotoxins.
- the means of concentrating DNA dissolved in an aqueous solution are known to those skilled in the art. We can cite ultrafiltration, alcoholic precipitation or a combination of these two techniques
- membranes can be used as long as they do not or little adsorb the plasmid DNA under the conditions of use.
- particularly suitable membranes are those of the YM type (and in particular, YM30-76, Diaflo and YM30-4208, Centricon), those equipping the Easy Flow units (reference 14669-OS-l V or 14669-OS-2V, Sarto ⁇ us) or else minipellicon 2 PL300 (Millipore in regenerated cellulose) Ultrafiltration constitutes at this stage a powerful means of reducing the contamination of the preparation of plasmid DNA by pigments of cellular origin or coming from the culture medium.
- the filtrate is first concentrated by ultrafiltration on a polysulfone membrane having a cut-off threshold of approximately 100 kDa using a unit of the Easy Flow type (Sartorius) for single use or on a minipellicon membrane 2 PL300 (Millipore) with a cutoff threshold of around 300 kDa.
- the nucleic acids are precipitated by adding 0.7 volume of isopropanol.
- the precipitated material is recovered by centrifugation and can be subjected to one or more washes in ethanol at a concentration of 70 to 80% in order to reduce the contaminants soluble in alcohol such as the salts and, as already mentioned, the pigments residual.
- the nucleic acids are taken up in an appropriate buffer, for example 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8 containing EDTA at a concentration of approximately 1 mM to inhibit nucleases and optionally sodium acetate. (at a final concentration of approximately 0.3 M allowing precipitation of the nucleic acids after the Triton extraction step). It is interesting to note here that the stages of ultrafiltration and precipitation with isopropanol are particularly advantageous for removing the majority of the pigments from the preparation.
- the plasmid DNA preparation contains significant amounts of RNAs and endotoxins and the next steps are to reduce their levels.
- reduction is meant a significant reduction in the level of endotoxins or RNA between the start and the end of the stage, by a factor of at least 100 and, preferably, at least 1000.
- concentration in RNA and endotoxins can be assessed by tests similar to those described below or by any other methodology disclosed in the literature.
- the stages can be interchanged, it is preferable first to act on the endotoxins and then on the RNAs. Endotoxins, because of their pyrogenic nature, must be considerably reduced or even eliminated before considering administration in humans. For common pharmaceutical products, the maximum tolerable amount has been set by health authorities at 5 units (EU) per dose.
- EU 5 units
- the compounds described above are amphiphilic compounds whose irascibility in the aqueous phase can be controlled by variation of the temperature around their cloud point.
- the DNA preparation is cooled to a temperature below 10 ° C before adding said detergent.
- the final concentration of detergent to be used can be between 0.5 and 6%, advantageously between 1 and 5% and, most preferably, around 1%. Under these conditions, said detergent is soluble in water and forms micelles complexing endotoxins. After incubation and centrifugation of the plasmid DNA / detergent mixture at a temperature much higher than the cloud point (for example> 37 ° C.
- aqueous phase containing the DNA plasmid
- a phase containing the detergent and endotoxins When the detergent chosen has a density greater than that of the DNA solution, after separation of the phases by centrifugation, the aqueous phase is located in the upper part of the tube and the phase containing the detergent and endotoxins in the lower part, and conversely when the detergent has a density lower than that of the DNA solution.
- a detergent preferably having a density greater than that of the DNA solution will be chosen.
- a person skilled in the art also has the necessary knowledge allowing him to adjust, if necessary, the density of the DNA solution, by modifying for example the salt concentration of said solution.
- the method according to the invention can comprise one or more (preferably 3) successive extractions as described above.
- the present invention also relates to a variant of the process of the invention according to which the nonionic detergent chosen has a cloud point situated outside the recommended range, and according to which said cloud temperature is adjusted by the addition of a small amount of 'anionic detergent (' Nonionic Surfactants', Chapter 'Surfactant and Detersive Systems' in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemistry, John WLLEY & Sons, 1995).
- 'anionic detergent ' Nonionic Surfactants', Chapter 'Surfactant and Detersive Systems' in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemistry, John WLLEY & Sons, 1995.
- the reduction of endotoxins is followed by a step of alcoholic precipitation of the plasmid DNA by incubation in the cold (4 ° C, -20 ° C or -80 ° C) in the presence 0.3 M sodium acetate and about 70% ethanol.
- the nucleic acid precipitate is conventionally recovered by centrifugation. It can be washed with a solution of 80% ethanol in water before being dried and redissolved in an aqueous medium, for example 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 1 mM EDTA. This precipitation step, which is also optional, offers an effective means of eliminating traces of residual Triton TM Xl 14.
- the reduction of RNA contamination can be carried out by any means known in the art, for example enzymatic hydrolysis using a ribonuclease of animal origin such as bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A.
- RNAs under conditions of high ionic strength or in the presence of dehydrating agents.
- Various salts can be used and mention will be made, for example, of lithium chloride (Ze'ev Lev, 1987, Analytical Biochemistry 160, 332-336), calcium chloride, ammonium acetate and ammonium sulphate .
- ammonium sulfate constitutes a preferred embodiment, particularly at a final concentration of between 1 and 3.5 M, preferably between 1.5 and 3 M and, most preferably, between 2 and 2.5 M.
- calcium chloride can be used at a final concentration of between 10 mM and 2 M, advantageously between 20 mM and 0.5 M, and preferably between 50 mM and 0.1 M.
- the mixture is left under gentle stirring, optionally at low temperature, for a variable duration (1 to 120 min), centrifuged and the plasmid DNA recovered in the supernatant.
- the process according to the invention comprises at this stage an exclusion chromatography step on gel filtration supports, which makes it possible to perfect the purification of the preparation of plasmid DNA (reduction of RNAs and residual proteins) and also to ensure the desalting.
- the choice of support is wide and within the reach of those skilled in the art. More particularly, the supports approved for human or veterinary use by the competent American authorities (FDA for Food and Drug Administration) and / or European Union agencies and with a high exclusion limit and, in particular, greater than or equal to 20x10 Da (as measured on polymers such as dextrans).
- the column is initially balanced under saline conditions limiting the hydrophobic interactions between the support and the DNA.
- the TEN buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 1 mM EDTA, and 100 mM NaCl).
- the chromatography conditions can be adapted as a function of various parameters and in particular the volume of the column, the support chosen, the concentration of the preparation in plasmid DNA and the size of the latter. Plasmid DNA is excluded from the phase and is eluted before the lower molecular weight contaminants.
- the fractions containing it can be analyzed by the usual techniques (absorbance at 254 nm, visual analysis after separation by agarose gel electrophoresis, etc.).
- the column it is also possible to connect the column to a detector fitted with a filter (at 254 nm for example) for the online detection of positive fractions. It will be noted that an advantage of the method according to the invention consists in the elimination during this step, of the residual salt from the previous step. According to an optional embodiment, the fractions obtained after the chromatographic step can be combined and concentrated according to the methodology indicated above (ultrafiltration and / or alcoholic precipitation).
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of conditioning the preparation of plasmid DNA.
- the packaging pads which can be used in the context of the present invention are varied. It can be a physiological saline solution (NaCl 0.9%), a Hepes-Ringer solution, Lactate-Ringer, TE (10 mM Tris-HCl pH7.5 to 8, 1 mM EDTA) or simply H 2 O.
- the preparation can be subjected to sterilizing filtration.
- 0.22 ⁇ m filters with a surface adapted to the volume to be treated will be used.
- the concentration of plasmid DNA can be determined in a conventional manner, for example by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 260 nm.
- the relative proportion of the different topoisomers can be assessed visually by agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide, optionally followed by a densitometric analysis.
- the integrity of the plasmid can be verified by digestion with restriction enzymes having one or more cleavage sites.
- RNA contamination can be assessed visually by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining or by spectrophotometry after reaction with hydrochloric orcinol (Bial reagent) (Moulé, 1953, Arch. Science Physiol. 7, 161 ; Mejbaum, 1939, Hope Seyler Z. 258, 11-17).
- a plasmid DNA purified according to the method of the invention preferably has a residual RNA contamination of less than 5% (mass / mass), advantageously less than 3%, preferably less than 2% and, most preferably, less than 1%.
- Residual protein contamination can be measured by any protein assay technique showing little or no DNA interference.
- a suitable technique is that of the technique of BCA (bicinchoninic acid) based on the spectrophotometric detection at a wavelength of 562 nm of the colored complex formed between BCA and the Cu + ions resulting from the reduction in alkaline medium of cuprous ions Cu-f + by proteins (Smith et al., 1985, Anal. Biochem. 150, 76-85).
- a plasmid DNA purified according to the method of the invention preferably has a residual protein contamination of less than 3% (mass / mass), advantageously less than 2%, preferably less than 1% and, most preferably, less than 0.5%.
- the endotoxin assay techniques are known to those skilled in the art.
- the amount of entoxins of the plasmid DNA preparation is less than 50 EU, advantageously less than 20 EU, preferably less than 10 EU and, most preferably, less than 5 EU per mg of plasmid .
- the contaminating chromosomal DNA can be assayed by the competitive quantitative PCR technique based on the amplification of specific sequences of the producer microorganism, by Southern or by "Slot-blot" using a specific probe.
- a plasmid DNA purified according to the method of the invention preferably has a residual contamination in chromosomal DNA of less than 5% (mass / mass), advantageously less than 3%, preferably less than 2% and, most preferably , less than 1%.
- a method according to the invention is particularly advantageous with regard to the preparation of plasmid DNA of size greater than 10 kb.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a plasmid DNA purified by the process according to the invention as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent.
- a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can be used in various types of host cells. It is preferably a mammalian cell and in particular a human cell.
- Said cell may be a primary or tumor cell of hematopoietic origin (totipotent stem cell, leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, macrophage, ...), hepatic, epithelial, fibroblast and, very particularly, a muscle cell (myobiasis, myocyte, satellite cell, cardiomyocyte, ...), a tracheal or pulmonary cell.
- a composition according to the invention may comprise a targeting element towards a particular cell, for example a ligand to a cellular receptor or even an antibody. Such targeting elements are known.
- a composition according to the invention can be administered by the systemic route or by aerosol, in particular by the intragastric, subcutaneous, intracardiac, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intratumoral intrapulmonary, intranasal or intratracheal route.
- the administration can take place in single dose or repeated one or more times after a certain interval of interval.
- the appropriate route and dosage will vary depending on various parameters, for example, the individual or disease to be treated or the gene (s) of interest to be transferred.
- a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can be formulated in the form of doses comprising between 0.05 and 100 mg of plasmid DNA purified according to the method according to the invention, advantageously 0, 1 and 10 mg and, preferably, 0.5 and 5 mg.
- the formulation may also include other compounds such as a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant or excipient.
- a compound improving its diffusion in particular a polymer or a cationic lipid.
- DOGS 5-carboxyspermylglycine dioctadecylamide
- DC-Chol [N- (N ', N'-dimethylaminoethane) -carbamoyl] cholesterol
- DOSPA (2,3-droleylocy [ -N- [2 (sperminecarboxamido) ethyl] N, N-dimethyl-1-propanaminium trifluoroacetate)
- DOSPA 5-carboxyspermylglycine dioctadecylamide
- DOSPA 2,3-droleylocy [ -N- [2 (sperminecarboxamido) ethyl] N, N-dimethyl-1-propanaminium trifluoroacetate
- compositions may also comprise an adjuvant capable of improving its transfecting power.
- adjuvant capable of improving its transfecting power.
- It will preferably be a neutral lipid such as phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl glycerol and, in particular, dioleyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE).
- DOPE dioleyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine
- a composition according to the invention is in particular, intended for the preventive or curative treatment of diseases such as genetic diseases (hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, diabetes or myopathies of Duchenne and Becker, ...), cancers, viral diseases (hepatitis, AIDS, %), and recurrent diseases (infections caused by the herpes virus, the human papilloma virus, ).
- diseases such as genetic diseases (hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, diabetes or myopathies of Duchenne and Becker, 7), cancers, viral diseases (hepatitis, AIDS, %), and recurrent diseases (infections caused by the herpes virus, the human papilloma virus, ).
- the present invention relates to the therapeutic or prophylactic use of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for the preparation of a medicament intended for the treatment of the human or animal body and, preferably, by gene therapy.
- the drug can be administered directly in vivo (for example by intravenous, intramuscular injection, in an accessible tumor, in the lungs by aerosol, ).
- We can also adopt the ex vivo approach which consists in taking cells from the patient (bone marrow stem cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, muscle cells, etc.), transfecting them in vitro according to the techniques of the art. and readminister them to the patient.
- the invention also extends to a method of treatment using plasmid DNA obtained by a method according to the invention, according to which a therapeutically effective amount of the latter is administered to a patient in need of such treatment.
- Figure 1 illustrates a chromatogram after gel filtration on Sephacryl S 500 (column of 70 ml, diameter 16 mm and length 350 mm) and loading of a 2 ml sample containing 5 mg of pCHl ION obtained after alkaline lysis, ultrafiltration and treatment with ammonium sulfate. The elution is carried out at 0.5 mi / min (15 cm / h) in a 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM Nacl, pH 8.0. The optical dentist is recorded at 254 nm.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the vector pTGl 1025 comprising the gene conferring resistance to kanamycin (kana), the origin of replication of ColEl, the CMV promoter (pCMv) of cytomegalovirus, the intron of the gene coding for Hydroxy-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase (HMG), the cDNA coding for dystrophin and a polyadenylation sequence of transcribed RNAs (pA).
- Figure 3 illustrates a chromatogram after gel filtration on Sephacryl S500
- Figure 4 illustrates the progressive elimination of endotoxins from an alkaline lysate by 3 successive extractions with 1% or 3% of Triton TM X-1 H followed by ethanol precipitation.
- Figure 5 illustrates the selective precipitation of contaminating RNAs from an alkaline lysate in the presence of increasing molarities of ammonium sulfate (0 to 3.2 M final).
- Figure 6 illustrates the selective precipitation of contaminating RNAs from an alkaline lysate in the presence of increasing molarities of calcium chloride (10 to 100 mM). The final molarity in CaCl is indicated under the lines concerned.
- S deposit of a fraction sample of soluble material obtained after treatment with CaCI 2 ;
- I. deposition of a fraction of the sample of insoluble material obtained after treatment with CaCl 2 ;
- the following examples illustrate only one embodiment of the present invention.
- the solutions defined below were prepared from stock solutions or commercially obtained chemicals.
- E. coli MC 1061 (Wertman et al., 1986, supra) and the plasmid pCHl ION are used. It is a 8.5 kb plasmid, the maintenance of which in E. coli is ensured by an origin of replication (ColEl) and a gene for resistance to ampicillin, both derived from pBR322.
- the gene of interest consists of the reporter gene ⁇ -galactosidase from E. coli whose expression can be easily detected by X-Gal (4-chloro-5-bromo-3-indolyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside) staining. It is provided in its 3 ′ part with a sequence coding for a eukaryotic nuclear localization signal.
- the nuclear localization of the recombinant ⁇ -galactosidase makes it possible to overcome the problems of background noise generated by the cross-reaction with the endogenous ⁇ -galactosidase of the host cell also detectable by Xgal, and therefore to ensure specific detection of the enzymatic activity resulting from the transfected plasmid.
- Expression of the reporter gene is directed by the SV40 early promoter.
- MCI 061 cells are made competent by treatment with calcium chloride and transformed by the plasmid pCHUON.
- the recombinant bacteria are selected in a selective medium. A clone is chosen by examining the restriction profiles from which a primary glycerol stock is constituted.
- the content of the fermenter is distributed in clean and sterile centrifugation pots (Nalgene, ref 3122- 1000, 3122-1010, 3120-1000 or 3120-1010) and the transformed cells recovered by centrifugation at low speed (5000 rpm (revolutions per min) for 30 min) and at 4 ° C.
- the cells thus collected constitute the wet cellular biomass.
- the frozen pellet is fragmented and the quantity of biomass which it is desired to process is removed using a spatula. Thereafter, the volumes of the solutions used are given for 27 g of wet biomass.
- the cells are taken up in 320 ml of resuspension buffer (10 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8) previously equilibrated at 4 ° C and resuspended using a shear homogenizer (Ultra Turrax-25 provided with a probe 18 mm in diameter) before being lyzed in the presence of 320 ml of lysis buffer (1% SDS, 0.2 M NaOH) balanced at 20 ° C.
- the lysis is allowed to continue for 5 min at room temperature with gentle stirring of the preparation by inversion, then 320 ml of acid solution (CH3COOK 3 M pH 5.5) equilibrated at 4 ° C.
- the acidified cell lysate is left for 20 min at 0 ° C by regularly carrying out gentle agitation by inversion.
- the final pH is 5.1.
- the flocculate is first coarsely removed by low speed centrifugation
- the supernatant is subjected to two successive filtrations on frits of controlled porosity (16 to 40 ⁇ m then 10 to 16 ⁇ m; frits No. 3 and 4, Schott AG) using a vacuum flask connected to a water pump. or an equivalent vacuum source.
- the filtrate is subjected to a concentration step by ultrafiltration on a cartridge
- the nucleic acids contained in the filtrate are precipitated by adding 0.7 volume of isopropanol maintained at 20 ° C.
- the mixture is homogenized by successive inversion, incubated for 5 min at room temperature and the precipitate collected by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 30 min at 4 ° C (GSA rotor, Sorvall) After removal of the supernatant, the nucleic acid pellet is washed 2 times in a row with 50 ml of an 80% ethanol solution in water (equilibrated at around -20 ° C) and again recovered by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 ° C Endotoxin extraction
- the pellet is dried and dissolved in 18 ml of a sodium acetate solution (0.3 M CH 3 COONa in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA) and stored for thirty minutes at 0 ° C. 2 ml of a 10% (weight / volume) Triton TM Xl 14 solution (Sigma; reference Xl 14 TM) are added in 0.3 M CH 3 COONa at pH 5.5 (final concentration of Triton 1%) and the mixture is homogenized by manual stirring. After incubation for 10 min on ice then 25 min at 52 ° C, the lower phase obtained after centrifugation (SLA 1500 rotor, Sorvall) at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at 35 ° C is removed and eliminated.
- SLA 1500 rotor, Sorvall the lower phase obtained after centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at 35 ° C is removed and eliminated.
- the centrifugation pellet is dried under vacuum and taken up in 9.4 ml of 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8 at room temperature. Solid ammonium sulphate (NH4) SO 4 is added so as to have a final concentration of approximately 2 M. After mixing by inversion and incubation 20 min on ice, centrifuging for 30 min at 7,000 rpm (rotor SLA 1500, Sorvall) and at 4 ° C. A second centrifugation under identical conditions is carried out on the supernatant recovered from the first in order to complete the elimination of the insolubles.
- NH4 SO 4 Solid ammonium sulphate
- the column is balanced in 2 volumes of TEN before applying a volume of sample of nucleic acids representing 4 to 5% of the volume thereof.
- the collection and detection of fractions is automated (LKB 2212 fraction collector and LKB 2158 Uvicord SD detector fitted with a 254 nm filter).
- the 3 min fractions are removed and frozen before being analyzed.
- Figure 1 illustrates a chromatogram obtained on a smaller scale but representative of the process. Plasmid DNA leaves the exclusion volume while RNA and proteins are retained and only appear later. Note the clear separation, with a return to practically the baseline, obtained between the peak of plasmid DNA elected first and the peak of RNAs elected second.
- the fractions containing the plasmid DNA are combined and concentrated approximately 8 ⁇ using a Sartocon-Micro type ultrafiltration unit with a polysulfone membrane having a cutoff threshold of 100 kDa (Sartorius, reference 15669-00- 1 Alternatively, and when a larger quantity of sample has to be processed, an EasyFlow ultrafiltration unit with a cellulose acetate membrane can be used (20 kDa cut-off threshold, Sartorius, reference 14549-0S-1 V) .
- the purified plasmid DNA sample is precipitated by adding a solution of Na acetate (3M, pH 5.5) to the final concentration of 0.3 M and addition of 2.5 volumes of pure ethanol (99.95%) at -20 ° C. After incubation at -20 ° C (30 min), the plasmid DNA is recovered by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 30 min at 4 ° C (SLA 1500 rotor, Sorvall). The pellet is washed with 80% ethanol at approximately -20 ° C., then dried and taken up in the appropriate conditioning buffer (TE, 0.9% NaCl, Hepes Ringer, Lactate Ringer, H 2 O; approximately 20 ml per aliquot of 27 g of treated cells).
- TE 0.9% NaCl
- Hepes Ringer Lactate Ringer
- H 2 O approximately 20 ml per aliquot of 27 g of treated cells
- the DNA concentration is calculated using an OD 2o o corresponding to 50 ⁇ g ml as a basis. It can then be adjusted to 1.0 mg / ml by dilution with the conditioning buffer, and approximately 20 mg of plasmid DNA are typically obtained per aliquot of 27 g of initial biomass.
- the E. Coli DH10B Electro Max strain is supplied by Gibco BRL (Reference
- the 18.7 kb plasmid pTG1 1025 (FIG. 2) carries a marker gene which confers on bacteria the ability to resist kanamycin (gene coding for an aminoglycoside 3 ′ phosphotransferase transforming the antibiotic into an inactive derivative) and the origin of the ColEl replication, these two elements ensuring the maintenance of the plasmid in the producing strain. It also comprises an expression cassette for the cDNA coding for dystrophin under the control of the CMV promoter associated with the HMG intron.
- the competent DH10B cells are transformed by the plasmid under the conditions recommended by the supplier and a primary glycerol stock is stored at -80 ° C. after selection of a recombinant clone.
- a batch of primary seed is used to constitute a preculture in a vial on LB2x medium in the presence of kanamycin 50 ⁇ g / ml.
- the culture is incubated at 30 ° C in a thermostatically controlled shaker (180 rpm) for 14 to 16 hours.
- the transformed strain is propagated in a 20 liter fermenter. Growth is carried out at 30 ° C. in a complex culture medium (Hycase SF 37.5 g / l, Yeast Extract 9 g / l supplemented with growth factors and mineral salts) using glycerol as carbon substrate (20 g / 1 ) and in the presence of kanamycin (50 ⁇ g / ml) for the selection pressure.
- the pH 7.0 is regulated by automatic addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 30%) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO, 2 M).
- the dissolved oxygen is maintained at a saturation greater than or equal to 25% (aeration rate of lv.vm (10 1 min * 1 ) and a variable stirring speed. It may be advantageous to add kanamycin in culture course.
- the culture is stopped by cooling to 4 ° C when the bacteria reach the stationary growth phase
- the culture is withdrawn and the biomass harvested by centrifugation (Sorvall RC3B centrifuge, 15 mm, 4 ° C, 5000 rpm)
- the cell pellet is preserved at -20 ° C. until application of the process for the purification of the plasmid pTG 1 1025
- the purification is carried out from 360 g of wet biomass taken up in 3840 ml of resuspension buffer and lysee with an equivalent volume of lysis buffer then of acid solution
- the filtrate is separated into 6 aliquots
- the precipitation with isopropanol, the washes with ethanol 80%, the stages of extraction of the endotoxins with Triton TM Xl 14, the precipitation with ethanol and the washes with ethanol 80% subsequent are carried out on each of the aliquots as described in Example 1
- the samples are pooled for precipitation with ammonium sulphate at a final mol of 2 M
- the centrifugation supernatant harvested after the ammonium sulfate precipitation step is loaded onto a column of Sephacryl S500 gel filtration with a volume of 5 liters (length 82 cm, diameter 8.9 cm) developed at a flow rate of 15 ml / mm (14.5 cm / h)
- the chromatogram obtained ( Figure 3) shows that the plasmid DNA is eluted in the exclusion volume, while the contaminating RNAs and other compounds of small molecular weights are retained on the column
- the fractions containing the purified plasmid DNA are pooled and concentrated by ultrafiltration (factor 10.9)
- the plasmid DNA is then precipitated by adding sodium acetate to a final concentration of 0.3 M and 2.5 volumes of 99.95% ethanol at -20 ° C -
- the precipitate is collected by centrifugation (10,000 rpm at 4 ° C, SLA 1500 rotor Sorvall, 30 min) and washed with 200 ml of 80% ethanol.
- the DNA is taken up in the TE conditioning buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5), its concentration measured by UV spectrometry and adjusted to 1 mg / ml in the same buffer. . Typically 145 mg of purified plasmid DNA is obtained.
- the integrity of the plasmid is evaluated by restriction enzyme mapping and the profiles obtained correspond to what is expected. Furthermore, the presence of contaminants is also determined in the final preparation and the results presented below.
- the functionality of the purified plasmid pTG 1 1025 is verified by transfection of cell lines and demonstration of the recombinant dystrophin by immunofluorescence.
- plasmid DNA Ten ⁇ g of purified plasmid DNA are combined with 40 ⁇ g of Lipofectin (a mixture of compounds facilitating the transfection of eukaryotic cells) according to the supplier's instructions (Life Technologies, Bethesda, USA, reference 18292-001 1), then are added, in 2 ml of DMEM medium (Life Technologies, Bethesda, USA, reference 1 1963), at 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 A549 cells (human pulmonary adenocarcinoma) seeded in the day before in a 35 mm diameter dish, cultured 24 hours in the presence of DMEM medium supplemented with 10% (vol / vol) of fetal calf serum (Life Technologies.
- a mouse monoclonal antibody of anti-dystrophin Novocastra, Newcastle / Tyme, UK, reference NCL-DYS2
- an anti-mouse rabbit antibody ICN, Costa Mesa, USA, reference 651713
- FITC fluorescein thiosisocyanate
- Triton TM Xl 14 extraction tests were carried out on an alkaline lysate as obtained in Example 1 in order to determine the optimal concentrations of Triton TM Xl 14 to be used and the number of extracts to be carried out for reduce the level of endotoxins below the tolerated threshold ( ⁇ 2 EU / dose).
- the initial alkaline lysate is divided into 2 batches subjected to 3 consecutive extractions in the presence of Triton TM Xl 14 at a final concentration of 1 and 3% respectively.
- the mixture is homogenized, incubated on ice (0 ° C) for a few minutes, centrifuged for 5 minutes (12,000 rpm, Eppendorf centrifuge, reference 5414) at room temperature.
- the lower phase Triton TM Xl 14 and extracted endotoxins
- the upper aqueous phase (Extr 1; remaining nucleic acids and endotoxins) treated again as described with 1% or 3% of Triton , M X-14 after removal of an aliquot used for the determination of endotoxins (Extr. 2 and 3)
- the upper phase is precipitated by adding 2.5 volumes of absolute ethanol. The precipitate is taken up in 10 mM Tris-HCl, I mM EDTA, pH 8 (Final)
- the level of endotoxins is measured by a colorimetric test derived from the LAL method, using the Biogenic COATEST kit (reference 822387) and the results presented in Figure 4 There is a significant reduction in the level of endotoxins after two extractions in the presence of Triton 1% A similar result is obtained when 3% of Triton TM Xl 14 is used. In both cases, the endotoxin level measured in the final product is compatible with pharmaceutical use for an average dose of 1 mg of plasmid DNA.
- the precipitated material recovered by centrifugation and the soluble material are analyzed by electrophoresis on 0.4% agarose gel. After staining with ethidium bromide and revelation by UV fluorescence, the plasmid DNA appears in the form of clear bands corresponding to the different topoisomers. On the contrary, the RNAs form a very diffuse band migrating in the lower part of the gel.
- RNAs were also tested in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ).
- the soluble and insoluble fractions are separated by centrifugation, and the insoluble pellet is resuspended in a buffer of low ionic strength in the absence of CaCl 2 .
- the soluble and insoluble samples are analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide of a sample fraction in order to separate the plasmid DNA (open circular and overwound forms) and the contaminating RNAs.
- the removal efficiency of the colored pigments present after the alkaline lysis step was evaluated during the steps of concentration by ultrafiltration, precipitation with isopropanol and washing with l 80% ethanol
- the presence of these pigments results in a yellow coloration of the crude alkaline lysate before its concentration by ultrafiltration which can be analyzed by measuring the optical density at 340 nm. This absorbance was therefore measured on the samples obtained after the initial ultrafiltration, precipitation and washing steps with isopropanol and 80% ethanol.
- Two series of experiments were carried out, one involving the filtration of the alkaline lysate on glass frit, the other on a Sartopure PP polypropylene cartridge.
- the initial lysates are obtained from 150 g of a cellular biomass resulting from two fermentations of the pair £. coli strain DH5 x plasmid pTGl 1025 (-19 kbp).
- the E. coli DH5 Library Efficiency strain (Life Technologies; ref. 18262-014) is transformed with the plasmid pTG1 1025 (see example 2 and FIG. 2).
- the stages of processing, preparation and harvesting of the biomass are identical to those described in Example 2.
- the crude lysate is filtered on a Sartopure PP2 filter cartridge (Sartorius, ref. 5591302P9-0) at a flow rate of 700 ml / min using a peristaltic pump.
- the filtrate is then concentrated by ultrafiltration on a Millipore Minipellicon II membrane in regenerated cellulose type PL300 with a surface area of 0.1 m 2 (ref. P2C300C01) (recirculation flow -400 ml / min., Draw-off flow between 60 and 30 ml / min so as to maintain an average transmembrane pressure less than or equal to 0.5.10 5 Pa).
- the nucleic acids thus concentrated (815 ml) are treated with isopropanol and ethanol as previously described in Example 2.
- the endotoxins are eliminated by three successive extractions with Triton TM X-1 14.
- the nucleic acids are precipitated.
- the residual salts and nonionic detergent are rinsed with aqueous ethanol.
- the nucleic acids are taken up in a 10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA buffer, pH 7.5 and the RNAs are specifically precipitated in the presence of final 100 mM CaCl 2 . These RNAs are removed by centrifugation (10,000 rpm, Sorvall rotor, SLA1500, temperature 20 ° C, 40 min.).
- the plasmid DNA present in the soluble phase is precipitated by the addition of isopropanol and resolubilized in a 10 mM Tris buffer, 1 mM EDTA, 250 mM NaCl, pH ⁇
- the plasmid DNA is concentrated by ultrafiltration on an EasyFlow unit with a cellulose triacetate membrane with a cutoff threshold of 20 kDa (Sartorius, ref. 14549-OS-1 V). After precipitation with ethanol in the presence of sodium acetate, the plasmid DNA is washed with 80% ethanol and dried under vacuum then taken up in a 10 mM Tris conditioning buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5 and stored frozen at -20 ° C not a word
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA002266123A CA2266123A1 (fr) | 1996-09-11 | 1997-09-10 | Procede de preparation d'adn plasmidique |
EP97940209A EP0958358A1 (fr) | 1996-09-11 | 1997-09-10 | Procede de preparation d'adn plasmidique |
JP51331498A JP2001503971A (ja) | 1996-09-11 | 1997-09-10 | プラスミドdnaの調製法 |
AU42128/97A AU733057B2 (en) | 1996-09-11 | 1997-09-10 | Method of preparing plasmid DNA |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR9611075A FR2753204B1 (fr) | 1996-09-11 | 1996-09-11 | Procede de preparation d'adn plasmidique |
FR96/11075 | 1996-09-11 |
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WO1998011208A1 true WO1998011208A1 (fr) | 1998-03-19 |
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PCT/FR1997/001594 WO1998011208A1 (fr) | 1996-09-11 | 1997-09-10 | Procede de preparation d'adn plasmidique |
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EP (1) | EP0958358A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001503971A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU733057B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2266123A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2753204B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998011208A1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004085643A1 (fr) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim Austria Gmbh | Procedes et dispositifs pour la production de biomolecules |
US7026468B2 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 2006-04-11 | Valentis, Inc. | Process and equipment for plasmid purification |
US7314746B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2008-01-01 | Valentis, Inc. | Apparatus and method for preparative scale purification of nucleic acids |
EP2088196A1 (fr) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG | Procédés et dispositifs pour la production de biomolécules |
US7807822B2 (en) | 1996-08-01 | 2010-10-05 | Robert Bridenbaugh | Methods for purifying nucleic acids |
US8501402B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2013-08-06 | Boehringer Ingelheim Rcv Gmbh & Co Kg | Methods and devices for producing biomolecules |
WO2021123402A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Engenes Biotech Gmbh | Bioproduction continue par découplage de la croissance et de la production |
EP4299753A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-03 | enGenes Biotech GmbH | Procédé de production d'acides nucléiques extrachromosomiques |
WO2024003799A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Procédé de production d'acides nucléiques extrachromosomiques |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6214586B1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2001-04-10 | Genzyme Corporation | Method for purifying plasmid DNA and plasmid DNA substantially free of genomic DNA |
GB0127803D0 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2002-01-09 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Processing nucleic acid |
WO2004094634A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-22 | 2004-11-04 | Arkray Inc. | Procede d'isolation d'acide nucleique et trousse et appareil pour l'isolation d'acide nucleique |
JP2007006799A (ja) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | プラスミドdnaの精製方法及びプラスミドdna精製用キット |
ES2926021T3 (es) * | 2012-10-23 | 2022-10-21 | Toolgen Inc | Composición para escindir un ADN objetivo que comprende un ARN guía específico para el ADN objetivo y ácido nucleico codificador de proteína Cas o proteína Cas, y uso de la misma |
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EP0248690A1 (fr) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-12-09 | Clonatec | Procédé et dispositif pour la détection de génomes viraux à ADN et ARN dans les milieux biologiques, notamment dans le sérum sanguin |
WO1992018514A1 (fr) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Purification d'acides nucleiques a l'aide de supports en oxyde m tallique |
WO1995021250A2 (fr) * | 1994-02-01 | 1995-08-10 | Vical Incorporated | Production d'adn plasmidique d'une qualite permettant son utilisation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique |
WO1996036706A1 (fr) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-11-21 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Procede de purification de plasmide effectuee a grande echelle |
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1996
- 1996-09-11 FR FR9611075A patent/FR2753204B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-10 JP JP51331498A patent/JP2001503971A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-10 WO PCT/FR1997/001594 patent/WO1998011208A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-10 EP EP97940209A patent/EP0958358A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-10 CA CA002266123A patent/CA2266123A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-10 AU AU42128/97A patent/AU733057B2/en not_active Ceased
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EP0248690A1 (fr) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-12-09 | Clonatec | Procédé et dispositif pour la détection de génomes viraux à ADN et ARN dans les milieux biologiques, notamment dans le sérum sanguin |
WO1992018514A1 (fr) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Purification d'acides nucleiques a l'aide de supports en oxyde m tallique |
WO1995021250A2 (fr) * | 1994-02-01 | 1995-08-10 | Vical Incorporated | Production d'adn plasmidique d'une qualite permettant son utilisation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique |
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HORN N A ET AL: "CANCER GENE THERAPY USING PLASMID DNA: PURIFICATION OF DNA FOR HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS", HUMAN GENE THERAPY, vol. 6, no. 5, 1 May 1995 (1995-05-01), pages 565 - 573, XP000572705 * |
MONTBRIAND, P.M. & MALONE R.W.: "Improved method for the removal of endotoxin from DNA", JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 44, January 1996 (1996-01-01), AMSTERDAM NL, pages 43 - 46, XP000673740 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7026468B2 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 2006-04-11 | Valentis, Inc. | Process and equipment for plasmid purification |
US8236495B2 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 2012-08-07 | Samuel Nochumson | Process and equipment for plasmid purification |
US7807822B2 (en) | 1996-08-01 | 2010-10-05 | Robert Bridenbaugh | Methods for purifying nucleic acids |
US7314746B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2008-01-01 | Valentis, Inc. | Apparatus and method for preparative scale purification of nucleic acids |
US7771945B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2010-08-10 | Au-Yeung Kwok-Leung Jacky | Apparatus and method for preparative scale purification of nucleic acids |
WO2004085643A1 (fr) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim Austria Gmbh | Procedes et dispositifs pour la production de biomolecules |
US8501402B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2013-08-06 | Boehringer Ingelheim Rcv Gmbh & Co Kg | Methods and devices for producing biomolecules |
EP2088196A1 (fr) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG | Procédés et dispositifs pour la production de biomolécules |
WO2021123402A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Engenes Biotech Gmbh | Bioproduction continue par découplage de la croissance et de la production |
EP4299753A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-03 | enGenes Biotech GmbH | Procédé de production d'acides nucléiques extrachromosomiques |
WO2024003799A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Procédé de production d'acides nucléiques extrachromosomiques |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0958358A1 (fr) | 1999-11-24 |
FR2753204A1 (fr) | 1998-03-13 |
JP2001503971A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
FR2753204B1 (fr) | 1998-12-04 |
AU733057B2 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
CA2266123A1 (fr) | 1998-03-19 |
AU4212897A (en) | 1998-04-02 |
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