WO1998005084A1 - Pile solaire vegetale - Google Patents

Pile solaire vegetale Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998005084A1
WO1998005084A1 PCT/AU1997/000465 AU9700465W WO9805084A1 WO 1998005084 A1 WO1998005084 A1 WO 1998005084A1 AU 9700465 W AU9700465 W AU 9700465W WO 9805084 A1 WO9805084 A1 WO 9805084A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photoelectrochemical cell
electrodes
cell according
medium
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1997/000465
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Grant Brodie
Ian Campton Hamilton
Edward Michael Boge
Peter John Riley
Original Assignee
The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited filed Critical The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited
Priority to AU35319/97A priority Critical patent/AU3531997A/en
Publication of WO1998005084A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998005084A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to photovoltaic cells, especially those adapted to be used as solar cells.
  • US patent 4927721 to Gratzel discloses a photovoltaic cell in which a chromophore layer on the surface of a polycrystalline metal oxide semiconductor responds to absorbed sunlight by injecting electrons into the semiconductor.
  • This form of cell which is actually a photoelectrochemical cell, has become known as a Gratzel cell.
  • the semiconductor is typically titanium dioxide and the chromophore layer comprises a ruthenium complex.
  • the cell is completed by an electrolyte layer, containing a redox couple and typically including an iodide, bromide or hydroquinone, over the chromophore layer and the three layer medium is disposed between a pair of parallel electrodes each consisting of a transparent electrically conductive oxide (TCO) on a glass plate.
  • TCO transparent electrically conductive oxide
  • the electrode in contact with the electrolyte, i.e. the counter electrode has been coated with a platinum catalyst.
  • the concept of photo-sensitising titanium dioxide as an oxidisation/reduction photocatalyst using a transition metal complex dye was disclosed earlier in US patent 4684537.
  • German patent publication DE 4416247 discloses a photovoltaic module comprising series-connected Gratzel cells formed as adjacent parallel strips on a common substrate. Each strip consists of three porous layers, i.e. a photoelectrode of dye sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 as anatase, an electrically insulating light-reflecting spacer overlay of TiO 2 as rutile, and an overlying carbon counter electrode. The strips are separated by a non-porous insulator, to prevent lateral short-circuits.
  • Gratzel cells have been attracting considerable interest, particularly for use on extended surface areas and/or as a photovoltaic window which can both generate electricity and transmit light.
  • practical manufacture of useful components incorporating such cells has yet to be achieved.
  • a significant drawback with Gratzel type cells is that at least one of the electrodes must be transparent to sunlight to allow the cell to work.
  • the majority of transparent electrodes are poor conductors and the losses are significant due to imperfect transparency.
  • Significant research has therefore been directed to date towards the production of suitable sunlight- transparent outer electrodes with high enough electrical conductivity.
  • a number of potential applications dictate that the cell should be flexible and/or non-flat but in these applications, no suitable transparent electrode material is available.
  • the invention involves the concept of avoiding traversal of an electrode by the energising light.
  • a photoelectrochemical cell including: a medium having a major face accessible to incident light, which medium includes an electrolyte, a chromophore and a semiconductor mutually interdispersed and selected so that the chromophore responds to appropriate energising light incident on said major face by injecting electrons into the semiconductor and receives electrons from the electrolyte; and a pair of electrodes arranged in or in contact with said medium such that plural portions of the medium are disposed between segments of the respective electrodes and such that a substantial portion of said energising light incident on said major face reaches said portions of the medium without traversing either of the electrodes.
  • the invention provides a photoelectrochemical cell including: a medium including an electrolyte, a chromophore and a semiconductor mutually interdispersed and selected so that the chromophore responds to appropriate energising light by injecting electrons into the semiconductor and receives electrons from the electrolyte; and a pair of electrodes including respective sets of electrically connected electrically conductive elements disposed in or in contact with the medium, arranged as an array of elements alternately from the respective sets.
  • the respective elements of the array are preferably interleaved. With this electrode configuration, the elements of the array may be arranged alternately along a common plane. It will be appreciated that the term "sets of elements" can include the case where one set has only one member.
  • the surfaces of the respective electrodes differ in their electrical contact with the medium to enhance the current and/or voltage generated by the cell.
  • the gap may be formed during manufacture of the cell by coating the electrode with a film which is subsequently wholly or partially destroyed or removed to leave a residual gap.
  • the invention provides a photoelectrochemical cell including: a medium including an electrolyte, a chromophore and a semiconductor mutually interdispersed and selected so that the chromophore responds to appropriate energising light by injecting electrons into the semiconductor and receives electrons from the electrolyte; and a pair of electrodes disposed in the medium; wherein the surfaces of the respective electrodes differ in their electrical contact with the medium to enhance the current and/or voltage generated by the cell.
  • Said differential contact may be achieved, for example, by a fine gap between the surface of at least one of the electrodes and the medium, or by a protective film on at least one of the electrodes, or by a combination of both.
  • the gap or film serves to separate the electrode from the medium and so isolates the semiconductor from that electrode, thus precluding intimate bonding between the electrode and the medium.
  • the semiconductor is an aggregate of very small particles, eg. of a diameter less than 50 nm, more preferably less than 20 nm.
  • the electrode elements are substantially coplanar.
  • the interleaved elements may be of any convenient shape and configuration which optimises the extent of lateral or edge interfaces between the elements and the medium, for example, by means of opposed electrode edge surfaces in the medium.
  • the respective electrodes may have multiple elongate elements or fingers so that the configuration of the two electrodes could be described as an interdigitated structure.
  • each electrode is an integral body of an electrically conductive substance defining the respective elements or segments of the electrode.
  • the lateral edge surfaces of the electrode fingers may advantageously be roughened or otherwise shaped to further enhance the contact area.
  • the fingers may, for example, be less than 250 ⁇ m, advantageously less than lOO ⁇ m, in width, and the gaps between them may be less than 20 ⁇ m, advantageously lO ⁇ m or less, in width.
  • One or both of the electrodes is preferably at least partially coated with platinum or other suitable catalyst for the electrode reaction. It is this electrode which is preferably provided with the gap or film to form the differential electrical contact between the medium and the electrodes.
  • the protective film is thought to reduce short circuiting across the semiconductor. It may, eg, be a polymeric film, an oxidised metal foil layer or a ceramic. Conveniently, the protective film may also be a catalyst for the electrode reaction, eg. polyaniline.
  • the semiconductor is preferably a polycrystalline metal oxide semiconductor, for example a semiconducting polycrystalline oxide of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of a transition metal, e.g. zinc, iron, nickel and silver, and the fourth, fifth or sixth secondary groups of the periodic table.
  • a suitable class of chromophore is a transition metal complex, for example a complex of ruthenium or osmium.
  • the electrolyte may include, for example, at least one of an iodide, bromide and hydroquinone.
  • the invention still further provides a method of forming a photoelectrochemical cell, including: providing a pair of electrodes including respective sets of elements, arranged as an array of elements alternately from the respective sets; applying a porous layer of a semiconductor over and between the electrodes; applying a matching chromophore and electrolyte to the semiconductor layer, so as to form a medium including the chromophore, the electrolyte and the semiconductor mutually interdispersed and selected so that the chromophore responds to appropriate energising light by injecting electrons into the semiconductor and receives electrons from the electrolyte.
  • the method preferably further includes at least partially coating one of the electrodes with platinum or other suitable catalyst for the electrode reaction.
  • the method may further include treating at least one of the electrodes so that the surfaces of the respective electrodes differ in their electrical contact with the medium to enhance the current and/or voltage generated by the cell.
  • the method may include coating the electrode with a film which is subsequently wholly or partially destroyed or removed to leave a residual gap.
  • Figure 1 is a three dimensional schematic and enlarged view of a simplified photoelectrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged transverse cross section on the line A-A in Figure 1.
  • the illustrated photoelectrochemical cell 10 includes a substrate of a glass plate 12 which supports respective co-planar interdigitated electrodes 14, 16, being integral bodies of conductive oxide, within a medium 20 of a porous polycrystalline metal oxide semiconductor in which is dispersed a matching chromophore and a suitable electrolyte.
  • the cell is suitably supported according to the application but would typically be mounted on an appropriate support base (not shown) and retained in a suitable protective encasement which above medium 20 is transparent to sunlight.
  • Such an encasement might, in particular embodiments, include in part a transparent and mechanically protective film.
  • the electrode configuration may be formed, for example, by cutting grooves 18 into the oxide coating of a glass plate coated with an electrically conductive oxide, e.g. with indium tin oxide.
  • Electrode 14 to be the positive or counter electrode in operation is lightly coated with platinum 22 ( Figure 2), applied to the electrode e.g. in a wet electrochemical deposition technique, and this platinum is overlaid by either a polymeric film or a fine gap 24.
  • the semiconductor component of medium 20 is conveniently a finely divided sintered nanocrystalline aggregate of titanium dioxide of a particle size preferably less than 50 nm, most preferably less than 25 nm.
  • the semiconductor may alternatively be, eg., an oxide of a transition metal, e.g. zinc, iron, nickel or silver, or of an element of the fourth, fifth or sixth secondary groups of the periodic table, a perovskite, or a perovskite of any of the aforementioned metals.
  • the chromophore is preferably a chromophore selected to act as a photosensitiser for the semiconductor for absorbing sunlight impinging on the medium and responding by injecting electrons into the semiconductor.
  • the chromophore is typically a transition metal complex, and may be e.g. a ruthenium or osmium complex.
  • a suitable electrolyte includes iodide ions but in general the electrolyte contains a redox couple and is selected for compatibility with an oxidation/reduction reaction with the chromophore to transfer an electron to the chromophore.
  • the illustrated cell is connected into an electrical circuit, an emf and current are generated, and it is believed that this arises by the following sequence of events.
  • the Ru complex is excited by the sunlight which it absorbs, and relaxes from its excited state by the loss of an electron, which is injected directly into the conduction band of the porous titanium dioxide semiconductor.
  • the thus oxidised Ru complex is reduced by an electron from the iodide species present in the electrolyte, which is oxidised to tri-iodide.
  • Iodide ions are regenerated by reduction of the tri-iodide ions, which process is catalysed by the platinum on electrode 14.
  • the first step is to cut the separate electrodes 14,16 in an indium tin oxide coating on a glass plate.
  • One suitable technique is to use a laser engraving machine to cut grooves in the tin oxide coating through to the glass substrate.
  • the grooves 18 may, for example, be longitudinal grooves of approximate width less than 20 ⁇ m, or even 10 ⁇ m or less, so as to form fingers 15,17 of width, e.g., less than 250 ⁇ m, or less than lOO ⁇ m.
  • Transverse connection grooves 18a are cut at alternate ends and, on either side, to the edge of the sheet.
  • each electrode is an integral body defining a set of electrically connected electrically conductive fingers 15,17.
  • Fingers 15,17 are arranged as an array of interleaved elements alternately from the respective sets along a common plane.
  • the coating may be deposited on a pre-cut electrode structure.
  • One of the electrodes is lightly coated with platinum catalyst 22, preferably only to a depth of a few nanometres, e.g. by wet electrochemical deposition in an aqueous solution of lg/1 ⁇ PtClg, utilising a current density of 0.5mA/cm 2 and a platinum wire as the anode.
  • the electrode 14 is preferentially coated with platinum.
  • the next step is to coat in turn the platinum catalyst 22, by electro-deposition, with a film of polyaniline 24.
  • Polyaniline may also serve as an electrode reaction catalyst.
  • a titanium dioxide layer is then applied over the whole of the electrode and glass substrate area, including the spaces between the electrodes.
  • a suitable form of titanium dioxide is the commercial product Degussa P25 which is composed of approximately 70% anatase and 30% rutile.
  • the dispersed TiO 2 may first be ground with water and acetylacetone in a mortar and pestle and a surfactant added. After being dried, the titanium dioxide coated glass plate is placed in an oven at 450°C for 30 minutes to sinter the titanium dioxide.
  • the final step is to infuse a selected electrolyte into the porous dye-sensitised titanium dioxide.
  • This electrolyte may be applied drop-wise onto the titanium dioxide until the latter is evidently coated.
  • a satisfactory electrolyte is that proposed by Stanley et al, at Proceedings of Solar 1994 Conference, Sydney, November 30 - December 3, 1994, 635, and is composed of a solution of iodine and tetrapropylammonium iodide in a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
  • the film may still be present on the Pt-coated electrode, or it may have been wholly or partially destroyed, eg. during sintering, and a gap left in its place.
  • the feature 24 may e.g. be a film or a fine gap or combination of both. It is believed that the film or gap 24 substantially improves the performance of the cell in terms of both open circuit voltage and short circuit current.
  • the film or gap assists in reducing the intimacy of contact between the titanium dioxide and the electrode and thereby reducing the short circuiting which was otherwise found to arise where there was direct contact between the semiconductor titanium dioxide and the platinised electrode: in prior forms of Gratzel cell, the titanium dioxide is not in intimate contact with both the electrode surfaces.
  • the platinum layer may be omitted and the protective film 24, e.g. of polyaniline, also serves alone as the electrode reaction catalyst.
  • the electrodes need not be glass plates coated with electrically conductive oxide.
  • a variety of other substrate materials could be used, including metals, conducting polymers, polymers with a metallised coating and other conducting oxides.
  • the principles of this invention could be used to apply solar cell coatings to extended articles such as metal sheet for roofing or other purposes.
  • one electrode may be a highly perforated or grid-like plate disposed above a plain plate serving as the other electrode : light traverses the perforations or openings in the top plate but not the electrode itself to reach and activate portions of the medium between the plates.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pile solaire végétale munie d'un support (20) comprenant un électrolyte, un chromophore et un semi-conducteur mélangés et choisis de manière que le chromophore injecte des électrons dans le semi-conducteur en réponse à une lumière d'excitation appropriée, et reçoit des électrons de l'électrolyte. Deux électrodes (14, 16) comprenant des ensembles respectifs d'éléments (15, 17) placés dans le support (20) ou en contact avec celui-ci, sont agencées de manière à former un réseau d'éléments en alternance par rapport aux ensembles respectifs.
PCT/AU1997/000465 1996-07-26 1997-07-25 Pile solaire vegetale WO1998005084A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU35319/97A AU3531997A (en) 1996-07-26 1997-07-25 Photoelectrochemical cell

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO1294 1996-07-26
AUPO1294A AUPO129496A0 (en) 1996-07-26 1996-07-26 Photoelectrochemical cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998005084A1 true WO1998005084A1 (fr) 1998-02-05

Family

ID=3795609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1997/000465 WO1998005084A1 (fr) 1996-07-26 1997-07-25 Pile solaire vegetale

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AUPO129496A0 (fr)
ID (1) ID17786A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998005084A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1464087A2 (fr) * 1999-02-24 2004-10-06 Chang Je Cho Rectificateur d'electrons thermiquement agites et procede de conversion de l'energie thermique en energie electrique a l'aide de ce rectificateur
US8415553B2 (en) 2004-08-11 2013-04-09 Dyesol, Ltd. Photoelectrochemical photovoltaic panel and method to manufacture thereof
WO2013085883A3 (fr) * 2011-12-06 2013-08-15 Alcon Research, Ltd. Système de régulation pio actionné par bulles
US10253060B2 (en) 2013-03-19 2019-04-09 Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited Terpenoid derivatives
US11189432B2 (en) 2016-10-24 2021-11-30 Indian Institute Of Technology, Guwahati Microfluidic electrical energy harvester

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55124964A (en) * 1979-03-19 1980-09-26 Univ Tohoku Chemically decorated wet type photocell
US4255501A (en) * 1978-10-31 1981-03-10 President Of Tohoku University Internally reflective, dye sensitized, wet-type photocell
US4379740A (en) * 1982-06-21 1983-04-12 International Business Machines Corporation Photoassisted generation of hydrogen from water
JPS5965826A (ja) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-14 Fujitsu Ltd エレクトロクロミツク表示素子
JPS6256588A (ja) * 1985-09-05 1987-03-12 Rikagaku Kenkyusho 水を可視光で分解する方法
JPH01240692A (ja) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-26 Rikagaku Kenkyusho 液接合型半導体電極及びその使用法
US4886717A (en) * 1985-11-06 1989-12-12 Masafumi Jinno Photochromic material, photochromic device and method for recording and erasing information
US4927721A (en) * 1988-02-12 1990-05-22 Michael Gratzel Photo-electrochemical cell
US5441827A (en) * 1992-03-26 1995-08-15 Asulab S.A. Transparent regenerating photoelectrochemical cell
DE4416247A1 (de) * 1994-05-07 1995-11-09 Andreas Dr Kay Monolithische, serienverschaltete, farbstoffsensibilisierte photovoltaische Module

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4255501A (en) * 1978-10-31 1981-03-10 President Of Tohoku University Internally reflective, dye sensitized, wet-type photocell
JPS55124964A (en) * 1979-03-19 1980-09-26 Univ Tohoku Chemically decorated wet type photocell
US4379740A (en) * 1982-06-21 1983-04-12 International Business Machines Corporation Photoassisted generation of hydrogen from water
JPS5965826A (ja) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-14 Fujitsu Ltd エレクトロクロミツク表示素子
JPS6256588A (ja) * 1985-09-05 1987-03-12 Rikagaku Kenkyusho 水を可視光で分解する方法
US4886717A (en) * 1985-11-06 1989-12-12 Masafumi Jinno Photochromic material, photochromic device and method for recording and erasing information
US4927721A (en) * 1988-02-12 1990-05-22 Michael Gratzel Photo-electrochemical cell
US5084365A (en) * 1988-02-12 1992-01-28 Michael Gratzel Photo-electrochemical cell and process of making same
JPH01240692A (ja) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-26 Rikagaku Kenkyusho 液接合型半導体電極及びその使用法
US5441827A (en) * 1992-03-26 1995-08-15 Asulab S.A. Transparent regenerating photoelectrochemical cell
DE4416247A1 (de) * 1994-05-07 1995-11-09 Andreas Dr Kay Monolithische, serienverschaltete, farbstoffsensibilisierte photovoltaische Module

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1464087A2 (fr) * 1999-02-24 2004-10-06 Chang Je Cho Rectificateur d'electrons thermiquement agites et procede de conversion de l'energie thermique en energie electrique a l'aide de ce rectificateur
EP1464087A4 (fr) * 1999-02-24 2006-09-27 Chang Je Cho Rectificateur d'electrons thermiquement agites et procede de conversion de l'energie thermique en energie electrique a l'aide de ce rectificateur
US8415553B2 (en) 2004-08-11 2013-04-09 Dyesol, Ltd. Photoelectrochemical photovoltaic panel and method to manufacture thereof
WO2013085883A3 (fr) * 2011-12-06 2013-08-15 Alcon Research, Ltd. Système de régulation pio actionné par bulles
US8753305B2 (en) 2011-12-06 2014-06-17 Alcon Research, Ltd. Bubble-driven IOP control system
US10253060B2 (en) 2013-03-19 2019-04-09 Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited Terpenoid derivatives
US11189432B2 (en) 2016-10-24 2021-11-30 Indian Institute Of Technology, Guwahati Microfluidic electrical energy harvester

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPO129496A0 (en) 1996-08-22
ID17786A (id) 1998-01-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7145071B2 (en) Dye sensitized solar cell having finger electrodes
AU728725B2 (en) A battery of photovoltaic cells and process for manufacturing the same
JP3336528B2 (ja) 透明再生光電化学電池
US9704653B2 (en) Photovoltaic cell
KR100554179B1 (ko) 전도성 금속 기판을 포함하는 구부림이 가능한 염료감응태양전지
JP5150818B2 (ja) 色素増感太陽電池およびその製造方法
WO2011096154A1 (fr) Cellule solaire rendue sensible aux colorants, et procédé de fabrication correspondant
US7179988B2 (en) Dye sensitized solar cells having foil electrodes
JPH11514787A (ja) 光起電力セル電池及びその製造方法
JP2002170602A (ja) 光電変換素子
JP4966525B2 (ja) 色素増感型太陽電池、その光電極基板およびその光電極基板の製造方法
US7078613B2 (en) Structured micro-channel semiconductor electrode for photovoltaic cells
JP2001283942A (ja) 光電変換素子
WO1996008022A1 (fr) Cellule photovoltaique electrochimique
WO1998005084A1 (fr) Pile solaire vegetale
JP2008192441A (ja) 色素増感型太陽電池及びそれを利用した発電装置、色素増感型太陽電池の出力回復方法
JP4155431B2 (ja) 光電変換素子
JP2003178817A (ja) 光電変換素子及びその製造方法
JP5441916B2 (ja) 大面積色素電池、及びその生産方法
JP2003123855A (ja) 光電変換素子用光電極
JP2001357898A (ja) 色素増感太陽電池用電極及びその製造方法
JP5025938B2 (ja) 色素増感型太陽電池、その対向電極およびその対向電極の製造方法
KR100982030B1 (ko) 내부전극을 포함하는 광커패시터
EP2359406A1 (fr) Dispositifs photovoltaïques
JP6538018B2 (ja) 色素増感型太陽電池モジュール

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

Ref document number: 98508325

Format of ref document f/p: F

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase