WO1998002869A1 - Instrument a cordes avec lecteur pliable - Google Patents

Instrument a cordes avec lecteur pliable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998002869A1
WO1998002869A1 PCT/US1997/012264 US9712264W WO9802869A1 WO 1998002869 A1 WO1998002869 A1 WO 1998002869A1 US 9712264 W US9712264 W US 9712264W WO 9802869 A1 WO9802869 A1 WO 9802869A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pickup
elements
piezo
pliable
conductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/012264
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1998002869A9 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth T. Aaroe
Original Assignee
Markley, Donald, Dean
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Markley, Donald, Dean filed Critical Markley, Donald, Dean
Priority to JP10506232A priority Critical patent/JP2000515258A/ja
Priority to AU36015/97A priority patent/AU3601597A/en
Publication of WO1998002869A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998002869A1/fr
Publication of WO1998002869A9 publication Critical patent/WO1998002869A9/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • G10H3/185—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar in which the tones are picked up through the bridge structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/465—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument
    • G10H2220/471—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument at bottom, i.e. transducer positioned at the bottom of the bridge, between the bridge and the body of the instrument
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/465—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument
    • G10H2220/485—One transducer per string, e.g. 6 transducers for a 6 string guitar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/525—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage
    • G10H2220/531—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage made of piezoelectric film
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S310/00—Electrical generator or motor structure
    • Y10S310/80—Piezoelectric polymers, e.g. PVDF
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S84/00—Music
    • Y10S84/24—Piezoelectrical transducers

Definitions

  • This invention is for a sound to electrical signal transducer and in particular: to a novel piezoelectric transducer that employs a plurality of piezoelectric elements between the string support and the stringed instrument body.
  • Piezoelectric elements or piezo crystals, a ⁇ e transducers which have the ability co convert electric signals into corresponding mechanical signals and also to generate a voltage in response to a ⁇ applied mechanical force.
  • the sensitivity of the piezo to stringed instrument viUratioa has made it popular for use as a pickup for guitars and the like.
  • Patent No. 4,491,051 and Patent No. 4,774,867 each show a pickup having a plurality of piezo crystals sandwiched between two flat rigid conductors and held together with an outer wrapping of electric shielding. in this configuration the pickup is limited in its performance.
  • the pickup of the present invention is so flexible that it may be tied in a knot without damage. Wi h this flexibility, each piezo element is free to move in a wide range relative to one another and there is virtually no mechanical coupling between adjacent elements or the two active surfaces of the elements themselves. Because the piezo elements form the thickest pat t of the ickup structure, the exact location of each piezo elements clearly visible, making the pickup easy to position under the sbrings of an instrument. It is inexpensive and very simple to assemble. Another important feature is that the pickup may be shortened by cutting the laminations cleanly between the piezo elements tor shorter bridges such as that of a mandolin.
  • the pickup of the invention is comprised of a flat shielded cable made of alternate conductive and dielectric layers with a plurality of spaced piezoelectric elements embedded within the layers
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the piezoelect ic pickup
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view ⁇ f a guitar bridge and saddle illustrating the mounting of the pickup in a guitar.
  • the piezoelectric pickup of the invention is comprised of five very thin and flexible layers with a plurality of piezoelectric elements embedded in them. it has a thickness ⁇ £ 0.042 inches at the site of each piezo element, a thickness of 0.015 inches between the elements and a overall width of 0.08b
  • the length is at the builders discretion; it may be long for mounting under the bridge of a bass violin or short for mounting to the bridge of a mandolin, and may be cut to a desired length after completion.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the five layers 10,12,14,16,20 of the piezoelectric pickup.
  • Layers 10, 14 and 20 are formed of a conductive material, such as a substantially flat very flexible metal foil or metallized cloth or plastic, and are coated with a layer of a conductive adhesive 10a, 14a and 20a.
  • the layers 12 and 16 are formed of a thin, flexible Dielectric tape, such as Mylar. Dielectric layer 12 is coated with an adhesive 12a.
  • the piezo elements 18 are -separated by short segments 16 of dielectric which serves as insulation between the conductive layers 14 and 20.
  • the piezoelectric elements 18 may be plastic piezo or rubber piezo but preferably are ceramic because ceramic piezo produces a strong output whereas the very high npedance ⁇ f rubber and plastic piezo elements requires pceamplif ication.
  • the thickness of each of the conductive layers 10,14,20 including its conductive adhesive coating is 0.004 inches, each dielectric layer 12 with the adhesive coating 12a is 0.003 inches and the dielectric layer 16 of short segments without any adhesive is 0.002.
  • the piezo elements 18 used in the preferred embodiment are 0.010 inches thick and have 0.070 inch square compressing surfaces. The total width ⁇ £ the pickup is 0.085 inches.
  • Fig. 2 is an elevational view illustrating a completed pickup using the preferred embodiment dimensions shown in the above paragraph.
  • the very flexible layers in which the piezo elements ace embedded are very thin and the total thickness of the spaces 22 between the piezo elements is only 0.017 inches.
  • each piezo element 24 O.0Q2 inches so that the total maximum thickness of the pickup at each piezo element 24 is 0.045 inches.
  • the spacing between piezo elements depends upon the string spacing of the instrument; for guitars, it is usuelluy 3/8 inches. ⁇ s previously noted the total lengtb is at the builder's discretion since the pickup may be easily cut pith a sharp blade. It is also pointed out that the location of each piezoelectric element is clearly visible so that the pickup can easily be accurately positioned with respect to a string
  • the thin laminated conductive shielding that surrounds the piezoelectric elements 24 is not only- pliable but also is much thinner in the areas 22 between the piezos which are the highest and thickest part of the pickup. Because of this thickness , the piezo elements vill be the sole support for a string support, such as a bridge ⁇ r saddle, and its associated string. For this reason and because the piezos are free and unencumbered by the shielding and dielectric, tbe electrical output of the piezos will be of the highest reproductive quality.
  • Fig. 3 is an elevational view illustrating the preferred mounting of the piezoelectric pickup 28 under the saddle 30 in a bridge 32 on a guitar 34.
  • a small hole 36 is drilled under the saddle 30 and through the bridge 32 and its underlying guitar sounding board 34 for passage of the pickup 28 that is connected to a coaxial cable 38 that leads from the pickup to a jack in the outer body of the stringed instrument. Because the pickup is so pliable and has such a small cross section, the entire pickup may pass easily pass through the hole 35 from inside the instrument structure. This is the preferred method of installation in a guitar. it should be noted at this point that when this pickup is installed on an existing guitar i.
  • the pickup can be connected to the coaxial cable 38 and the coax 38 connected to the jack at t h e assembly factory When installed in the guitar only the hole for the jack in the body of the gui ar and the hole 36 need by drilled and no soldering is required near the fine finish of the guitar.
  • the ideal location of the piezoelectric elements 18 in the pickup 28 is t ⁇ position the element where it receives maximum compressional variations from the sound source. In some stringed instruments each as a bass which has a footed bridge, this may be in the sxaall area between the feet and the instrument sound board. in a guitar, ⁇ uch as shown i ⁇ Fig. 3, tbe preferred location for maximum signal strength from a minimum number of piezoelectric elements is directly beneath each string 40. However, excellent output strength is also obtained by placing two piezoelectric elements equidistant from each string in a pickup.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

Un lecteur piézo-électrique extrêmement flexible, destiné à des instruments à cordes, est constitué d'un conducteur blindé plat (14) comportant une pluralité de piézocristaux (18) disposés à distance les uns des autres entre le conducteur et son blindage. Sa largeur est inférieure à 0,09 pouce, et sa hauteur inférieure à 0,02 pouce entre les piezocristaux et inférieure à 0,05 pouce au niveau des cristaux. De cette façon, l'emplacement de chaque cristal est nettement visible, ce qui permet de positionner le lecteur avec précision sur l'instrument.
PCT/US1997/012264 1996-07-15 1997-07-15 Instrument a cordes avec lecteur pliable WO1998002869A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10506232A JP2000515258A (ja) 1996-07-15 1997-07-15 弦楽器用の柔軟なピックアップ
AU36015/97A AU3601597A (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-15 Pliable pickup for stringed instrument

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/680,491 US5900572A (en) 1996-07-15 1996-07-15 Pliable pickup for stringed instrument
US08/680,491 1996-07-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998002869A1 true WO1998002869A1 (fr) 1998-01-22
WO1998002869A9 WO1998002869A9 (fr) 1998-08-06

Family

ID=24731336

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/012264 WO1998002869A1 (fr) 1996-07-15 1997-07-15 Instrument a cordes avec lecteur pliable

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5900572A (fr)
JP (1) JP2000515258A (fr)
KR (1) KR20000023781A (fr)
AU (1) AU3601597A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998002869A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6336367B1 (en) 1998-01-29 2002-01-08 B-Band Oy Vibration transducer unit
EP2503544A1 (fr) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-26 Yamaha Corporation Capteur de vibrations pour instrument de musique et selle de capture

Families Citing this family (26)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6111184A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-08-29 E-Mu Systems, Inc. Interchangeable pickup, electric stringed instrument and system for an electric stringed musical instrument
US6248947B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2001-06-19 Pick-Up The World, Inc. Transducer for musical instruments
JP3815426B2 (ja) 2002-11-28 2006-08-30 ヤマハ株式会社 弦楽器用の圧電変換装置、弦楽器用の駒及び弦楽器
JP4251110B2 (ja) * 2004-05-19 2009-04-08 ヤマハ株式会社 撥弦楽器用ピックアップ装置と撥弦楽器
US7327113B2 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-02-05 General Electric Company Electric starter generator system employing bidirectional buck-boost power converters, and methods therefor
US7844549B2 (en) * 2005-03-14 2010-11-30 Mark Strickland File sharing methods and systems
US20070200457A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Heim Jonathan R High-speed acrylic electroactive polymer transducers
US7915789B2 (en) 2005-03-21 2011-03-29 Bayer Materialscience Ag Electroactive polymer actuated lighting
US7595580B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2009-09-29 Artificial Muscle, Inc. Electroactive polymer actuated devices
US8054566B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2011-11-08 Bayer Materialscience Ag Optical lens displacement systems
US7521847B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2009-04-21 Artificial Muscle, Inc. High-performance electroactive polymer transducers
US7521840B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2009-04-21 Artificial Muscle, Inc. High-performance electroactive polymer transducers
US7626319B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2009-12-01 Artificial Muscle, Inc. Three-dimensional electroactive polymer actuated devices
US7750532B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2010-07-06 Artificial Muscle, Inc. Electroactive polymer actuated motors
TWI298482B (en) * 2005-04-28 2008-07-01 Yamaha Corp Stringed musical instrument, transducer for the same and its mounting structure on the same
US7692365B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2010-04-06 Microstrain, Inc. Slotted beam piezoelectric composite
US7492076B2 (en) * 2006-12-29 2009-02-17 Artificial Muscle, Inc. Electroactive polymer transducers biased for increased output
WO2008126205A1 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-23 Takamine Gakki Co., Ltd. Sillet pour instrument à cordes et guitare
US7952261B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2011-05-31 Bayer Materialscience Ag Electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications
EP2239793A1 (fr) 2009-04-11 2010-10-13 Bayer MaterialScience AG Montage de film polymère électrique commutable et son utilisation
SG193003A1 (en) 2011-03-01 2013-10-30 Bayer Ip Gmbh Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films
US9195058B2 (en) 2011-03-22 2015-11-24 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Electroactive polymer actuator lenticular system
US9876160B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2018-01-23 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices
WO2013192143A1 (fr) 2012-06-18 2013-12-27 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Cadre d'étirement pour processus d'étirement
WO2014066576A1 (fr) 2012-10-24 2014-05-01 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Diode polymère
US11387068B2 (en) 2019-12-16 2022-07-12 Littelfuse, Inc. Active/passive fuse module

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US4278000A (en) * 1978-11-05 1981-07-14 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Piezoelectric transducer for electrical string instruments and pickup means comprising the same
US4378721A (en) * 1978-07-20 1983-04-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Seisakusho Pickup apparatus for an electric string type instrument
US4491051A (en) * 1980-02-22 1985-01-01 Barcus Lester M String instrument pickup system
US5155285A (en) * 1986-04-28 1992-10-13 Fishman Lawrence R Musical instrument piezoelectric transducer
US5218159A (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-06-08 Mcclish Richard E D Elastic pickup saddle for stringed instruments

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US4741238A (en) * 1986-02-10 1988-05-03 Carriveau Ronald S Semi-hollow-body guitar apparatus
US4913024A (en) * 1987-02-05 1990-04-03 Carriveau Ronald S Electric guitar apparatus having magnetic and crystal pickups
US5123325A (en) * 1991-04-05 1992-06-23 Turner Robert A Film piezoelectric pickup for stringed musical instruments
US5404783A (en) * 1992-06-10 1995-04-11 Feiten; Howard B. Method and apparatus for fully adjusting and intonating an acoustic guitar
US5455381A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-10-03 Gibson Guitar Corp. PIE20 electric pickup with adjustable string output
JPH08110781A (ja) * 1994-10-11 1996-04-30 Hoshino Gakki Kk ギターのピックアップ構造

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4378721A (en) * 1978-07-20 1983-04-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Seisakusho Pickup apparatus for an electric string type instrument
US4278000A (en) * 1978-11-05 1981-07-14 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Piezoelectric transducer for electrical string instruments and pickup means comprising the same
US4491051A (en) * 1980-02-22 1985-01-01 Barcus Lester M String instrument pickup system
US5155285A (en) * 1986-04-28 1992-10-13 Fishman Lawrence R Musical instrument piezoelectric transducer
US5218159A (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-06-08 Mcclish Richard E D Elastic pickup saddle for stringed instruments

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6336367B1 (en) 1998-01-29 2002-01-08 B-Band Oy Vibration transducer unit
EP2503544A1 (fr) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-26 Yamaha Corporation Capteur de vibrations pour instrument de musique et selle de capture
CN102693717A (zh) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-26 雅马哈株式会社 乐器用振动传感器及拾音鞍
US8586851B2 (en) 2011-03-24 2013-11-19 Yamaha Corporation Vibration sensor for musical instrument and pickup saddle
CN102693717B (zh) * 2011-03-24 2015-08-12 雅马哈株式会社 乐器用振动传感器及拾音鞍

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3601597A (en) 1998-02-09
US5900572A (en) 1999-05-04
JP2000515258A (ja) 2000-11-14
KR20000023781A (ko) 2000-04-25

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