WO1997046833A1

WO1997046833A1 - Method and device for influencing indoor air conditions

Info

Publication number: WO1997046833A1
Application number: PCT/DE1996/001265
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ralf Kinkeldey
Original assignee: Ralf Kinkeldey
Priority date: 1996-05-30
Filing date: 1996-07-12
Publication date: 1997-12-11
Also published as: DE19681503D2; AU6412696A; DE19621846A1

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for influencing indoor air conditions in a building so as to save energy. The essence of the present invention is to provide construction elements (6) bordering a room with thermal storage plates or panels (1), whose thermal capacity is larger than that of the construction elements (6) to be covered. Thus heat arising from heat sources occuring in the room (12) of the building is absorbed, and given off again upon cooling or disappearance of the heat sources.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING THE ROOM CLIMATE

The present invention relates to a method and a device for influencing the room climate by means of a heat-storing cover plate, in particular with suspended ceilings and exposed floors and walls, which in addition to the heat-storing function also perform acoustic and optical functions and fire protection functions.

In the prior art, air-conditioning cooling ceilings are known from DE 40 09 583. The well-known ceiling covering can be used as a false ceiling or as a suspended ceiling. The side facing the room has a highly light-reflecting plaster layer. The ceiling which delimits the room is made of multiple layers, one layer being designed as a support layer and another layer is designed in such a way that it can accommodate a ring system through which a cooling or heating medium flows. Another feature does not have a heating capability, in which it is possible to quickly dissipate the heat absorbed from the cooling system.

Another document (DE 29 36 565) discloses a decencing, which is composed of panels and by means of a support structure. The panels are made of metal and have fine locators on the outer surface of a cage. This should on the one hand have a good acoustic effect and no thermal insulation / .ur.g Erzιe_t. At the same time, the panels can take up cooling lines which are crusted by a cooling or heating medium. Due to the fine perforation of the panels, the impacting sound is enclosed and dissipated between the bare ceiling and the suspended ceiling, which should ensure good acoustic absorption. The side of the suspended ceiling facing the room can be provided with a decorative layer which influences the appearance and the optical properties of the ceiling.

The above-described ceiling constructions all share the disadvantage that they are relatively complex in the overall construction and thereby considerably increase the cost of an air-conditioned room. In addition, the operational reliability due to the circulation of the cooling or heating medium is not 100% guaranteed, since the connections and the pipelines are ultimately never absolutely sealed and errors in the form of pipe breaks or the like can occur, the effect of which high-quality jobs are devastating.

Furthermore, it is generally known that large amounts of heat are stored in heavy components in offices, shops and other rooms which are mainly used during the day. These heavy components are generally made of concrete and solid brickwork, whereby concrete and other non-natural components have a comparatively low thermal storage capacity. Official regulations stipulate that for 3eton, for example, the heating must not be greater than 1.5 ° C for a period of 10 hours. Since this V. ^' ert is often exceeded, especially in offices, cooling is necessary. This cooling requires a considerable technical outlay due to the complicated air handling systems and also a not insignificant energy requirement for driving the cooling units.

The total heat absorption of a room is measured in watts per square meter per K (W / m ^ -K), the function of which is an addition of several components, such as the heat absorption by convection or by radiation. In general, all heat-effective storage masses in a room contribute to climate formation. If heat sources arise in a room that increase the room temperature, heat flows through the respective surfaces of the heat-effective storage masses, i.e. the heat-effective storage masses absorb heat up to a certain capacity. If for some reason the room temperature drops, this causes a return flow of heat from the heat-effective storage mass into the room. In the case of large, heavy masses in the rooms of a building, large heat flows with changing signs occur on the mass surface even with slight temperature fluctuations. In modern offices, for example, there are not too many heat-effective storage masses, so that relatively large temperature fluctuations occur within a very short time.

The aim of modern building physics measures should therefore be to compensate for the deficits with regard to balancing heat storage with the help of modern heat-storing building materials.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device with the aid of which a room can be air-conditioned in a cost-effective and reliable manner. This task is solved in a surprisingly simple manner with the characteristic features of the main claims.

According to the invention, the method for the energy-saving influencing of the room climate in Geoauden is characterized by the fact that the parts delimiting the space, such as ice ceilings, floors and walls, are provided with heat-effective Ξceicr.ermasse, where the becomes.

For the method according to the invention, it is advantageous to prepare and further process the heat-effective storage mass in the form of plates or panels. The plates / panels can be of multi-layer construction, but must have a layer of heat-effective storage mass. In some applications it may be advantageous to provide a layer with the heat-effective storage mass and the side facing the room with a heat-active, i.e. to design a heat reflecting layer.

Since a convection of the air masses always takes place in the room when a temperature gradient occurs, it is advantageous to make the panels / panels or the suspended ceiling permeable to air. The air permeability can advantageously be achieved with the aid of individual openings in the plates. Another advantageous method for achieving the air permeability of the entire coating is to provide a certain distance between the individual plates or panels, through which the convection of the air masses can take place.

The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when existing plates which limit the space in any way are replaced or replaced by the heat-acting storage plates according to the invention. This method is particularly advantageous if already suspended ceilings form a cavity between the suspension and the bare ceiling or the floor. Due to the air permeability of the invention According to 3eschιchtung, <an air flow in any direction m in the cavity between the raw ceiling .rd suspension take place, this cavity serves as an air duct system.

In this type of application, it is particularly advantageous if both the side facing the room and the side facing away from the room are more heat-effective. Memory layer is lost. The one of the more warm. Storage masses daytime recorded Wär¬ memenge <ann then at night abgegeoen again, ^• •; cπιt a zu¬ additional, durcn aggregates produced cooling in summer and winter Hei¬ cutting in the space partially or completely entfallt.

A cavity between the component to be coated and the heat-effective storage mass is, however, not absolutely necessary, so that the panel / panels according to the invention can also be mounted directly on the component.

It is also advantageous to design the plate according to the invention in multiple layers, one layer performing the function of a support, another layer performing optical and / or acoustic functions and another layer having a fire protection effect.

The geometry of the panels / panels is generally based on the design ideas of the architect and the builder, so that there are no limits to the geometric shape of the panel according to the invention. However, it is important that the heat-effective storage mass is homogeneous, the heat capacity being greater than the heat capacity of the component to which the plate / panels is applied.

Further advantageous embodiments according to the invention can be found in the features of the subclaims.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. It shows: 1 a panel / panels (1) according to the invention in a perspective representation;

2 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-section through a component (5) (blank cover) with additional layers (9, 10, 11) that are public above it, at least one layer containing a heat-effective storage mass (2, 2 '),

Fig. 3a shows a cross section through a component (5) (Rohdecxe) on which uDer a Honiraum, 5) a plate / panels (1) according to the invention is mounted;

3b shows a cross section of your, a 3autιl (6) (Rohdecxe), on which a plate / panel l ¹ with a cavity is mounted on both sides;

4a shows a cross section of your one raw decx (6), on which a plate / panel (1) according to the invention is arranged to form a cavity (5), and the layer facing the room contains a heat-effective storage mass;

4b shows a cross section through a bare ceiling (6), on which a plate / panel (1) according to the invention is arranged to form a cavity (5), in which the layer facing the cavity (5) contains the heat-effective storage mass;

4c shows a cross section through a raw ceiling (6), on which a plate / panel (1) according to the invention is arranged to form a cavity (5), in which the heat-effective storage layer covers both the space and the cavity

(5) faces;

4d show further variants in which options for coating a plate / panel according to the invention (1) FIG. 4g are shown; Fig. 5 shows a cross section through an office room, the raw ceiling

(6) is provided with a suspended ceiling (8) to form a cavity (5), the individual panels / panels (1) being coated according to the invention.

1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a panel / panels 1 according to the invention, which consist of several layers 2, 2 'and 3 is composed. In the plate according to the invention, openings 7 can be arranged, for example, which serve to allow the air to pass through the plate / panels 1. In the present exemplary embodiment of the plate, only three layers are shown by way of example, layers 2 and 2 'each representing layers which contain a heat-effective storage mass. If necessary, one of the layers 2 or 2 'can be designed to be heat-active insofar as it has a heat-reflecting effect. Layer 3 represents a carrier layer which represents various requirements such as strength and / or fire protection. The layers 2, 2 'can also be designed such that they have acoustic and optical properties, for example absorb both sound and light. It is advantageous if the surface of the panel / panels 1 according to the invention is covered with a refractory additional layer which corresponds to the requirements of the building authorities.

The surfaces can be flat, folded, kinked or curved.

Other material-typical properties such as color stability, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance and water resistance are of course to be taken into account when designing the panels / panels according to the invention. The composition of the more heat-effective is decisive for the effectiveness of the panels / panels. Storage mass which, on the one hand, is inexpensive to manufacture and, on the other hand, must contain solid additives that have a high specific heat capacity at room temperature (20 ° C), e.g. Magnesium (1.2 kJ / kg-K) and wood (2.5 kJ / kg-K).

2 shows a schematic representation of a component 6 (raw ceiling) to which certain additional layers according to the invention are applied, the upper layer 9 containing the heat-effective storage mass. The second layer 10 represents a sound dissipating layer, and that directly with the Layer 11 in connection with the raw ceiling ensures the strength between the raw ceiling 6 and the plate 1 according to the invention.

3a shows a cross section through a raw ceiling 6, which in the present case is designed as a floor. There is a cavity 5 above the bare ceiling, which is formed by the plate 1 according to the invention with the aid of a support structure 4.

3b shows the cross section of a raw ceiling 6, which is provided on both sides with a panel / panels 1 according to the invention, each with a cavity 5, 5 '. These representations in FIGS. 3a, b are intended to show that the plates / panels 1 according to the invention are suitable both for sloping ceilings and for certain types of flooring. In particular, this clarifies that the method according to the invention is implemented with a cavity 5 between component 6 and plate 1.

4a shows the cross section of a raw ceiling 6 with a suspended ceiling 8, the side of the suspended ceiling facing the room being coated with the heat-effective storage mass 2 'according to the invention, which is symbolized by the arrow C. In FIG. 4b, only the side facing the cavity 5 is coated with the heat-acting storage mass 2, in FIG. 4c both sides of the plate 1 being provided with a heat-active storage mass 2, 2 '. 4d to 4g show cross sections through a component 6 which is provided on both sides with a plate / panels 1 according to the invention with the aid of an auxiliary structure 4. The arrows C again indicate the sides of the layers with a heat-effective storage mass 2, 2 'in the various exemplary embodiments. 4a to 4g also show that the method according to the invention offers versatile application methods which can provide the thermal capacitive deficits of individual components of objects in the room, such as ceilings, walls and floors, but also walls of other objects, with a plate according to the invention. In Fig. 5 a cross section through a floor of a building is schematically shown with a room 12. In this room 12 already existing suspended ceiling panels were replaced by heat-acting storage panels 1 according to the invention. A cavity 5 was formed between the raw ceiling 6 and the suspended ceiling, which originally allowed the air duct system 14 of the air conditioning system of the room Pefand to pass through ¬ speed of the now suspended ceiling, an air flow takes place through the cavity 5, which primarily arises through convection or through the formation of a temperature gradient in the room. The quantity of air entrained is largely released to the heat-storing rails on the plates 1 and attached Returning temperature gradient formation with the opposite sign. This results in effective means for influencing the room climate using effective means, which on the one hand saves complex ventilation units 14 and on the other hand does not require any additional energy consumption. In this representation of FIG. 5 it is not shown that other components such as the walls or the floor or objects such as Leucnten, barrier 13 and shelves can be coated with the panels / panels 1 according to the invention and thus the deficient ones Compensate for the heat capacity of the space-limiting parts.

The other objects shown in FIG. 5 are insignificant for the present invention and are therefore not described here

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A method for energy-saving influencing the indoor climate in buildings, characterized in that

- The space-defining components, in particular ceilings, floors and walls with heat-effective storage mass, will be seen, whereby

- The heat-effective storage mass can be arranged on / on a component surface in the room

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeicnnet that a cavity (5) is provided between the heat-effective storage mass (2, 2 ') and the components

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that no cavity is provided between the heat-effective storage mass (2, 2 ') and the components.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-effective storage mass (2, 2 ') in at least one layer of an at least single-layer plate / Pa¬ neele (1) is processed.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer facing the room and / or the layer of the panels / panels (1) facing away from the room has a heat-effective storage mass.

6. The method according to claim 1 and 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the plates / panels already existing coated space-limiting components are replaced by heat-effective storage plates (1), whereby the operation of the air conditioning units (14) is omitted.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating of the components of the room is designed to be air-permeable.

8. The method according to claim 1 and 7, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the air permeability with openings (7) and / or distances (A) between the plates / panels (1) is effected.

9. Apparatus for applying the method according to claim 1, characterized by a plate / panels (1) which has at least one layer of a homogeneous heat-effective storage mass (2, 2 '), the heat capacity of which is greater than the heat capacity of the component to be coated , on which the plate / panels (1) is applied.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the plate / panels (1) is one layer.

11. The device according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the plate / panels (1) is multi-layered, the heat-effective storage mass (2, 2 ') is arranged on the side facing the room and / or the side of the plate facing away from the room.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the coating of the components with heat-effective storage plates / panels (1) is air-permeable.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 and 12, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the air permeability with openings (7) and / or distances (A) between the plates / panels (1) is effected.

14. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that at least one layer causes an electrical and / or magnetic shielding.

15. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the plates / panels (1) have any geometri¬ cal shape.

16. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that an outer layer (2 ') of the plate / panels (1) contains a heat reflecting material.