Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
  • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
  • C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/0033—In fluidised bed furnaces or apparatus containing a dispersion of the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
  • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
  • C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
  • C22B5/14—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases fluidised material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
  • C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
  • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for treating, preferably reducing, particulate material in a fluidized bed process, in particular for reducing fine ore, the particulate material being held in a fluidized bed by a treatment gas flowing upward and being treated, and a vessel for carrying out the Procedure.
• a method of this type is known, for example, from US-A-2,909,423, WO 92/02458 and EP-A-0 571 358.
• oxide-containing material e.g. Fine ore
• oxide-containing material reduced in a fluidized bed maintained by a reducing gas within a fluidized bed reduction reactor, the reducing gas which is introduced into the fluidized bed reduction reactor via a nozzle grate flowing through the reduction reactor from bottom to top, whereas the oxide-containing material cross-flows the reduction reactor approximately penetrated to the reducing gas flow.
• a certain speed of the reducing gas within the fluidized bed zone is required, which depends on the particle size of the material used.
• the reducing gas containing the fine particles is removed by dust separators, guided like cyclones, and the separated dust is returned to the fluidized bed.
• the dust separators or cyclones are preferably arranged inside the reactors (cf. US Pat. No. 2,909,423); however, they can also be installed outside the reactors.
• a disadvantage of the known fluidized bed processes in practice lies in the inflexibility and difficulty in dividing and feeding the treatment gas stream, i.e. in the above-described prior art methods for dividing and feeding the reducing gas stream. It is also disadvantageous in the state of the art that at each process stage, that is to say the prewarning, pre-reduction and final reduction, usually two or more product streams have to be discharged from the apparatuses associated with the process stages, which means a considerable outlay in conveying and lock devices. In addition, two gas supply systems must be regulated at each process stage, which is very difficult in practice for hot dust-containing gases.
• a process for reducing metal ores by means of a fluidized bed process is also known from GB-A-1 101 199.
• the process conditions are chosen so that the material cakes during the reduction, which forms agglomerates that are not fluidized due to their size.
• the finished, reduced material which is discharged downward from the fluidized bed reactor, is separated from the not completely reduced material, which remains fluidized. Smaller product particles are drawn off at the upper end of the fluidized bed.
• the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has the object to provide a method of the type described above and a vessel for carrying out the method, which a treatment of particulate oxide-containing material with minimal consumption of treatment gas over a very long period without the Enable the risk of business interruptions caused by "sticking" or "fouling".
• the amount of treatment gas required for maintaining the fluidized bed and its flow rate should be able to be greatly reduced, so that only a minimal discharge of fine particles takes place.
• the tube speed in the fluidized bed can be maintained in a range from 0.25 to 0.75 the speed necessary for fluidization of the largest particles of the particulate material.
• a particulate material with a grain is used, of which the mean grain diameter of the grain belt is 0.02 to 0.15, preferably 0.05 to 0.10, of the largest grain diameter of the particulate material.
• an empty tube speed is expediently set for the treatment gas above the fluidized bed, based on the largest cross section of a vessel receiving the fluidized bed, for a theoretical limit grain size of 50 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 60 to 100 ⁇ m, advantageously for reducing "run of mine" Fine ore an empty tube speed in the fluidized bed between 0.3 m / s and 2.0 m / s is set.
• a process for the production of molten pig iron or liquid steel precursors from feedstocks formed from iron ores and aggregates, at least partially containing a fine fraction, using the treatment process according to the invention is characterized in that the feedstocks are reduced to sponge iron in at least one reduction zone in a fluidized bed process, the sponge iron in a melting gasification zone with the supply of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas is melted and a CO and H 2 -containing reducing gas is generated, which is introduced into the reduction zone, converted there, extracted as export gas and fed to a consumer.
• a cylindrical lower fluidized bed part which receives the fluidized bed and has a gas distribution base, a feed line for the treatment gas and a feed and discharge for particulate material above the gas distribution base,
• a cone part which is arranged above the fluidized bed part and adjoins it and widens conically upwards, the inclination of the wall of the cone part to the center axis of the reactor being 6 to 15 °, preferably 8 to 10 °,
• the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the calming part in the cylindrical region to the cross-sectional area of the fluidized bed part is> 2.
• a vessel for carrying out an ore reduction process in a fluidized bed which has two cylindrical parts of different diameters and a very short and strongly conical part between the cylindrical parts, is known for example from EP-A-0 022 098.
• this vessel however, two gas feeds are provided, one below the lower cylindrical part and one in the conical part. The reduced ore is discharged downwards from this fluidized bed reactor.
• the cross-sectional area of the calming space in the cylindrical region is preferably so large that an empty pipe speed is established in this region, which would be sufficient to separate a grain larger than 50 ⁇ m from the gas.
• a plant for the production of molten pig iron or liquid steel precursors from feedstocks formed by iron ores and aggregates, at least partially having a fine fraction, is provided by at least one vessel according to the invention, which as Reduction reactor is formed, characterized in which a feed line for iron ore and additives containing feedstocks, a gas line for a reduction gas and a feed line for the reduction product formed therein and a gas line for the top gas open, and has a melter gasifier, in which the reduction product from the reduction reactor leads the delivery line and the supply lines for oxygen-containing gases and carbon carriers as well as a rack for pig iron or steel raw material and slag, the gas line leading into the reduction reactor for the reduction gas formed in the melter gasifier starts from the melter gasifier and the reduction reactor is designed as a fluidized bed reduction reactor .
• FIG. 1 shows a vessel according to the invention in section
• FIG. 2 shows a process diagram for reducing iron ore, in which vessels according to the invention can be used
• 3 illustrates in the form of a diagram grain size distributions of iron ores to be treated according to the invention.
• the reducing gas flows through the reduction reactor from the nozzle grate 4 from bottom to top.
• Conveying lines 5, 6, etc., open out above the nozzle grate 4 and still within the cylindrical fluidized bed part 3. Inlets and outlets for fine ore.
• the fluidized bed 2 has a layer height 7 from the nozzle grate 4 to the height of the discharge 6 for the fine ore, i.e. whose opening 8 on.
• a conical part 9 Connected to the cylindrical fluidized bed part 3 is a conical part 9 which widens conically upwards, the inclination of the wall 10 of this conical part 9 to the reactor center axis 11 being a maximum of 6 to 15 °, preferably 8 to 10 °.
• the continuous enlargement of the cross section 12 of the cone part 9 leads to a steadily and continuously increasing reduction in the empty pipe speed of the reducing gas flowing upwards.
• a calming part 15 provided with a cylindrical wall 14, which is closed at the top with a partially spherical, for example hemispherical, designed reactor ceiling 16.
• a gas line 17 centrally for discharging the reducing gas arranged
• the gas line 17 leads to a cyclone 20 serving for dust separation for the reducing gas.
• a dust pressure return line 21 starting from the cyclone 20 is looked down and flows into the fluidized bed 2.
• the gas discharge of the cyclone 20 is designated by 22
• fine ore with a broad, uniform grain distribution with a relatively high fine fraction is processed in the reduction reactor 1. This would be the following
• Mass fractions up to 4 mm 100% to 1 mm 72% to 0.5 mm 55%
• the effect is used that there is a pulse transmission of the momentum of the small particles to the larger particles with a wide grain distribution.
• This enables large particles to be fluidized, even if the empty tube speed of the reducing gas is below the empty tube speed required for the large particles.
• fine ore with natural grain distribution (run of mine) can be used without prior classification with d ⁇ , preferably up to 12 mm, at most up to 16 mm.
• the vessel 1 can also be used with the same advantages as a preheating vessel and as a pre- and final reduction vessel.
• a plant for producing pig iron or steel precursors has three fluidized bed reactors 1, 1 ', 1 "of the type described above connected in series, material containing iron oxide, such as" Run of Mine “Fcinerz, via an ore feed line 5 to most of the fluidized bed reactor 1, in to which preheating of the fine ore and possibly a pre-reduction takes place in a preheating stage, and is then passed from fluidized bed actuator 1 to fluidized bed reactor 1 'or from 1' to 1 "via conveyor lines 5, 6.
• the finished reduced material that is to say the sponge iron, is fed via a delivery line 6 into a melter gasifier 25.
• a CO and H 2 -containing reducing gas is generated from coal and oxygen-containing gas in a melter gasification zone 26, which gas is supplied via the reducing gas supply line 27 is introduced into the fluidized bed reactor 1 "arranged last in fine metal ore.
• the reducing gas is then conducted in countercurrent to the ore flow from the fluidized bed reactor 1" to the fluidized bed reactor 1 'or from 1' to 1, respectively via the connecting lines 28, 29, from the fluidized bed reactor 1 as Top gas derived via a top gas discharge line 30 and then cooled and washed in a wet washer 31
• the melter gasifier 25 has a feed 32 for solid carbon carriers, a feed 33 for oxygen-containing gases and, if appropriate, feeds for carbon-bearing gas which is liquid or gaseous at room temperature, such as hydrocarbons, as well as for burned-in aggregate Steel prematerial and molten slag, which are tapped via a tap 34
• a dedusting device such as a hot gas cyclone 35, is provided in the reducing gas feed line 27, which starts from the meltdown gas 25 and flows into the fluidized bed reactor, the dust parts separated in this hot gas / cyclone 35 being fed to the meltdown gasifier 25 via the return line 36 with nitrogen as a conveying means and fed through a Brennet while blowing oxygen
• the gas return line 37 which is preferably provided, which starts from the reducing gas supply line 27 and a part of the reducing gas via a washer 38 and a compressor 39 leads back into this reducing gas supply line 27, etc. before arranging the hot gas cyclone 35.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Citations (4)

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• 1996
  • 1996-05-17 AT AT0087596A patent/AT405521B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1997
  • 1997-05-15 UA UA98116036A patent/UA62929C2/uk unknown
  • 1997-05-15 KR KR10-1998-0709267A patent/KR100458553B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-05-15 CA CA 2255811 patent/CA2255811C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-05-15 DE DE59710586T patent/DE59710586D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-05-15 WO PCT/AT1997/000098 patent/WO1997044496A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1997-05-15 JP JP54125197A patent/JP4316673B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-05-15 EP EP97921514A patent/EP0958386B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-05-15 BR BR9709591A patent/BR9709591A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-05-15 SK SK1568-98A patent/SK284964B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-05-15 RU RU98122337A patent/RU2178001C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-05-15 CN CN97194720A patent/CN1059930C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-05-15 AU AU27562/97A patent/AU729127B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1997-05-15 CZ CZ19983729A patent/CZ294884B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-05-16 ZA ZA9704252A patent/ZA974252B/xx unknown
  • 1997-07-30 TW TW86110891A patent/TW426745B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1998
  • 1998-11-17 US US09/193,544 patent/US6241801B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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