WO1997044094A1

WO1997044094A1 - Fire protection apparatus and system

Info

Publication number: WO1997044094A1
Application number: PCT/US1997/008710
Authority: WO
Inventors: Greg Anders
Original assignee: Greg Anders
Priority date: 1996-05-22
Filing date: 1997-05-20
Publication date: 1997-11-27
Also published as: AU3076297A

Abstract

A fire resistant blanket (50) for use in combination with a structure for inhibiting the formation of flame upon the structure when exposed to a fire source, the blanket (50) including a first fire resistant layer (52), a second fire resistant layer (54) spaced apart from and generally parallel to the first fire resistant layer (52) thereby creating a space therebetween, a plurality of baffles (56) disposed intermediate the first fire resistant layer (52) and the second fire resistant layer (54) proximate the space for maintaining the first fire resistant layer (52) in normally spaced apart relation to the second fire resistant layer (54).

Description

FIRE PROTECTION APPARATUS AND SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to fire protection. More particularly, this invention relates to devices for inhibiting objects from burning when exposed to fire. In a further and more specific aspect, the instant invention relates to a fire protection apparatus and system selectively deployable upon an object for inhibiting the object from burning when exposed to fire.

BACKGROUND ART

Fire prevention and control is normally referred to as the prevention, detection, and extinguishment of fires, including such secondary activities as research into the causes of fire, education of the public about fire hazards, and the maintenance and improvement of fire-flghtmg equipment. Most urban ^'areas have established some form of fire-prevention system or unit, the staff of which concentrates on such measures as heightening public awareness; incorporating fire- prevention measures in building design and in the design of machinery and the execution of industrial activity; reducing the potential sources of fire; and outfitting structures with such equipment such as extinguishers and sprinkler systems to minimize the effects of fire. The inherent problem with these measures is that they are expensive and time consuming to implement.

To reduce the impact and possibility of fire, the building codes of most cities include fire safety regulations. Buildings are designed to separate and enclose areas, so that a fire will not spread; to incorporate fire-prevention devices, alarms, and exit signs; to isolate equipment and materials that could cause a fire or explode if exposed to fire; and to install fire-extinguishing equipment at regular intervals throughout a structure. Fire-retardant building materials have also been developed, such as the paints and chemicals used to coat and impregnate combustible materials, such as wood and fabric.

To reduce the hazardous effects of fire, the most basic mechanism is an alarm system, which warns people to leave a building at once, alerts the fire department, and identifies the location of a fire within a structure. Besides the fire alarms that are triggered by people, there are many automatic devices that can detect the presence of fire. These include heat-sensitive devices, which are activated if a specific temperature is reached; a rate-of-πse detector, which is triggered either by a quick or a gradual escalation in temperature; and smoke detectors, which sense changes caused by the presence of smoke, in the intensity of light, in the refraction of light, or in the lonization of ai-r. A major problem with alarm systems is that they are only activated after a fire has begun, and offer no protection for inhibiting the formation of fire from within or from without the building or structure.

Many buildings or structures are equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, which release a spray of water on an affected area if a fire is detected. The effectiveness of the systems has been proved m data accumulated from throughout the world: m buildings protected by sprinkler systems that had fires, the system extinguished fires in sixty-five percent of the cases and contained fires until other fire-fightmg measures could be taken in thirty-two percent of the cases. A major problem with sprinkler systems is the potential for extensive water damage. Furthermore, like fire alarms discussed above, sprinkler systems offer no protection for inhibiting the early formation of fire from within or from without a building or structure.

There exists a considerable variety of fire-flghtmg equipment, ranging in sophistication from buckets and extinguishers to the elaborate yet portable apparatus used by fire departments. The most common of these is the fire engine, equipped with hoses, ladders, water tanks, and tools. Ladder and rescue trucks work in conjunction with trucks equipped with platforms that can be elevated by hydraulic lifts to carry out rescue efforts. Fireboats are employed in combating fires on ships and on waterfront property.

Fire-extinguishing agents other than water are also used to fight various types of fire. Foaming agents are employed to handle oil fires. "Wet" water, formed by the addition of a chemical that reduces surface tension, can be used in a clinging foam to protect the exterior of a structure near the source of a fire. With this application, it becomes necessary to transport such foam to a selected structure by means of a truck. Ablative water, made by mixing water with additives, forms a dense, heat absorbing blanket. Carbon dioxide is employed when water cannot be used and a fire must be fought suffocation. Dry chemicals are used to extinguish electrical fires or burning liquids, while dry powder is utilized to put out such burning metals as magnesium and phosphorus. Halogenated hydrocarbons, commonly called halons, take the form of liquefied gas or vaporizing liquids at room temperature; they inhibit the flame chain reaction. Steam is used to control fire in confined areas, while inert gas is employed to extinguish gas, dust, and vapor fires.

Fire fighting is a battle against time. The initial priority is rescuing any occupants that may be m a burning building. Precedence is then given to any location from which the fire may spread to a neighboring structure. The inherent problem with most of the fire- fightmg discussed herein, are that none of them are truly preventative apparatus or systems. In other words, the herein described fire-flghtmg apparatus and systems incorporate measures for inhibiting the spread of fire after the fire has already begun. Although exemplary in nature, the above do not sufficiently address inhibiting the formation of flame upon a structure when exposed to the imminent threat of fire, while being not only inexpensive to implement, but also relatively easy to use.

In remote locations where it is not possible to maneuver a fire engine or other motorized vehicle capable of fighting a fire, and where conventional utilities are not present, the threat of fire to structures built in such locations is considerable. There is essentially no practical way of protecting such a structure from the threat of fire, absent extreme measures such as the use of smoke jumpers, or perhaps air-tankers for dropping water of retardant on the structure for inhibiting its destruction. These measures are very expensive, and not very practical for smaller fires. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Briefly, to achieve the desired objects of the instant invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment thereof, provided is a blanket for placement proximate an exterior of a structure for inhibiting flame formation from an external fire source upon the exterior of the structure within the area of the blanket. The blanket is comprised of a first fire resistant layer, a second fire resistant layer disposed in a generally parallel and spaced apart relation from the first layer thereby defining a space therebetween. Further provided is a biasing means disposed proximate the space for interconnecting the first fire resistant layer to the second fire resistant layer, and being operative for normally maintaining the first fire resistant layer and the second fire resistant layer in spaced apart relation.

A peripheral edge of the first layer may suitably be coupled to a peripheral edge of the second layer thereby providing the space as an enclosed space. Furthermore, the enclosed space may be disposed in fluid communicating relation with a remote fluid source for providing fluid to the enclosed space, the fluid of which could be water, or a fluid fire retardant substance. Further provided is a fire protection system for use in combination with a structure, the fire protection system being deployable upon an exterior of a structure for inhibiting flame formation upon the structure when exposed to an external fire source. The fire protection system includes a fire protective barrier selectively deployable upon the exterior of the structure. The fire protective barrier may be provided as one or a plurality of fire resistant blankets, or may be provided as a fire retardant stored proximate the structure and being sprayable thereon.

The instant invention further includes a method for inhibiting flame formation upon an exterior of a structure, the method comprising the steps of providing fire protective barrier and deploying the fire protective barrier upon the exterior of the structure, the fire protective barrier being provided as either a fire protective blanket, or as a fire retardant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and further and more specific objects and advantages of the instant invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the instant invention comprising a fire resistant blanket; Fig. 2 is a side view of the fire resistant blanket of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of a fire resistant blanket;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary side view of the fire resistant blanket shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a single fire resistant blanket;

Fig. 6 is a side view of the fire resistant blanket of Fig. 5, further being shown having a fire resistant substance sprayed thereon;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of two fire resistant blankets coupled to each other;

Fig. 8 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of still another alternate embodiment of a fire resistant blanket having portions for receiving fluid such as water or a selected fluid fire retardant;

Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Fig. 9.;

Fig. 11 is a rear view of the embodiment of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a fluid inlet; Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the fire resistant blanket shown in Fig. 10, having portions therein pulled away for the purpose of illustration; Fig. 14 is a fragmentary perspective view of portions of a fluid bleed;

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary perspective view of another alternate embodiment of a fire resistant blanket;

Fig. 16 is a front view of portions of the embodiment of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a rear view of a plurality of fire resistant blankets being coupled together;

Fig. 18 is a front view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a fire protection system shown in combination with a structure;

Fig. 20 is a perspective view of the structure of Fig. 19, shown as it would appear with portions of yet another alternate embodiment of a fire protection system deployed in combination therewith;

Fig. 21 is a perspective view of a hook member shown as it would appear in use;

Fig. 22 is a side view of the structure of Fig. 19, the structure shown as it would appear in combination with the fire protection system of Fig. 20 coupled thereto;

Fig. 23 is a view very similar to the view of Fig. 21;

Fig. 24 is a perspective view of yet still another alternate embodiment of a fire protection system comprising a fire retardant substance being sprayed upon the structure; Fig. 25 is a side view of portions of the structure as it would appear with the fire retardant substance sprayed thereon;

Fig. 26 is a side view of the alternate embodiment of the fire protection system, shown with a storage tank positioned near the structure with the fire retardant substance stored therein and being sprayed upon the structure;

Fig. 27 is a side view of a truck that may be used for transporting the fire retardant substance to the structure for filling the storage tank with the fire retardant substance;

Fig. 28 is a side view of a catapult mechanism comprising portions of yet another alternate embodiment of a fire protection system;

Fig. 29 is a view of the catapult shown as it would appear catapulting an object;

Fig. 30 is a top view of the catapult as it would appear catapulting a fire resistant blanket; Fig. 31 is a view similar to the view of Fig. 29, further illustrating the catapult catapulting a fire resistant blanket towards a vehicle;

Fig. 32 is a perspective view somewhat similar to the view of Fig. 31; Fig. 33 is a perspective view somewhat similar to the view of Fig. 30;

Fig. 34 is a perspective view of yet another alternate embodiment of a fire protection system;

Fig. 35 is a view similar to the view of Fig. 34, and showing the fire protection system in operation;

Fig. 36 is a view similar to the view of Fig. 35, and showing the fire protection system as it would appear expelling a fire resistant blanket; Fig. 37 is a view similar to the view of Fig. 36, and showing the fire resistant blanket as it would appear expelled for covering the structure;

Fig. 38 is a fragmented perspective view of weight elements carried proximate a peripheral edge of the fire resistant blanket shown in Fig. 37.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Turning now to the drawings, in which like reference characters indicate corresponding elements throughout the several views, attention is first directed to Fig. 1 which illustrates a first embodiment of the instant invention comprising a fire resistant blanket being generally designated by the reference character 50. Blanket 50, further details of which can be appreciated m combination with Fig. 2, includes a first layer 52 being preferably substantially pliant, a second layer 54 being preferably substantially pliant and disposed in a generally parallel and spaced apart relation to the first layer 52, and a plurality of baffles 56 carried therebetween in a generally horizontal and vertically upright configuration. Couched between first layer 52 and second layer 54 is a pliable fire resistant foam substrate 58 which substantially fills the space between the first layer 52 and the second layer 54 and which further substantially surrounds baffles 56. As it will become apparent as the detailed description ensues, blanket 50 is fire resistant and may be suitably employed for inhibiting flame formation upon a selected structure exposed to the threat of an external fire. First layer 52 includes an outer surface 60, an inner surface 62, and includes a predetermined width, height, and thickness. Similarly, second layer 54 includes an outer surface 64, an inner surface 66, and includes a predetermined width, height, and thickness. First layer 52 and second layer 54 are preferably constructed of a substantially pliant material such as canvas or nylon. In order to facilitate fire resistance, first layer 52 and second layer 54 may be either constructed of a fire resistant substance, or impregnated with a conventional fire retardant material (Fig. 6) so that when blanket 50 is exposed to fire, first layer 52 and second layer 54 will not ignite, and will function as a fire protective barrier, details of which will be further discussed as the detailed description ensues. Baffles 56, also being preferably constructed of a pliant material such as canvas or nylon material being further impregnated with a fire retardant material, function for not only providing internal structural support, but further inhibit foam substrate 58 from shifting, thereby keeping it evenly distributed.

From the above referenced figures, it will be noted that first layer 52 includes a plurality of weep holes 68 extending therethrough. When blanket 50 is exposed to fire and becomes heated, weep holes 68 allow any expanding air trapped within foam substrate 58 to suitably expel therethrough.

As it will become more apparent as the detailed description continues, blanket 50 may be positioned about a structure such as a house, vehicle, or other structure, for inhibiting the structure from catching fire when exposed to an external fire. A plurality of such blankets 50 may be coupled together in order to accommodate specific needs. To satisfy this task, blanket 50 can be seen as having an upper elongate brace 70 and a lower elongate brace 72 fixedly carried proximate an upper edge 74 and a lower edge 76, respectively, of the blanket 50. Although the details of upper elongate brace 70 are not herein specifically shown, its specific structural details are identical to lower elongate brace 72, the elements of which will be immediately discussed. Elongate brace 72, being preferably constructed of a substantially rigid and fire resistant material, includes a first end 74 having a female engagement element 76, and a second end 78 having a male engagement element 80. Although not herein specifically shown, male engagement member 80 is frictionally received within a female engagement element 76 of another blanket 50, the female engagement element 76 and the male engagement element 80 being operative as an engagement means for detachably engaging one blanket to another.

With attention directed to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, illustrated is an alternate embodiment of a fire resistant blanket being generally designated by the reference character 90. Like blanket 50, blanket 90 includes the first layer 52 and the second layer 54 disposed in a generally parallel and spaced-apart relation. The specific structural details of first layer 52 and second layer 54 will not be herein again specifically described as they will be readily understood with the previous discussion in combination with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. However, unlike blanket 50, the inner surface 62 of first layer 52, and the inner surface of second layer 54 define a space 92 having no foam substrate, discussed previously, carried therein. Carried proximate a generally intermediate position between first layer 52 and second layer 54 proximate space 92 are seen a plurality of baffles 94 disposed m a spaced-apart and generally horizontal configuration, and being preferably sewn in position. Baffles 94, being preferably constructed of canvas, nylon, or other similar substance, and having a generally Z-shaped configuration, are normally vertically biased for urging first layer 52 and second layer 54 apart to maintain space 92, and include an upper edge 94a coupled to inner surface 62 of first layer 52, and a lower edge 94b coupled to inner surface 66 of second layer 54. However, when blanket 90 is rolled up as shown m Fig. 3, baffles suitably collapse for facilitating compact and easy storage. Yet, when unrolled from a rolled up configuration, baffles 94 urge first layer 52 and second layer 54 apart thereby forming space 92, with air being drawn m space 92 from the weep holes 68 formed through first layer 52, space 92 being operative as an insulating layer.

It will be appreciated that blanket 50 and blanket 90 may be used as a shielding device or fire protective barrier for protecting selected objects and structures from sustaining fire damage under threat of fire. Space 92 shown m combination with blanket 90, and foam substrate 58 shown in combination with blanket 50 function as thermal insulating layers separating first layer 52 from second layer 54.

Attention is now directed to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, both of which illustrate a portion of a sheet 100 being substantially similar to blanket 90 herein previously discussed, details of which will be readily understood. As has been herein previously intimated, sheet 100, having a peripheral edge 100a, and a preselected physical displacement, can be made fire resistant from the application of a conventional fire retardant. As can be seen in Fig. 6, a fire retardant 102 can be seen being sprayed upon an outer surface 104 from a conventional spray gun 106. Fire retardant 102 may be of any conventional type such as a sodium or potassium bicarbonate based retardant, a urea potassium bicarbonate based retardant, a potassium chloride based retardant, a retardant having an ammonium phosphate base, or other suitable retardant operative for saturating sheet 100 for providing sheet 100 with superior fire resistant qualities. Alternatively, retardant 102 may comprise a fire resistant reflective coating, that when sprayed upon sheet 100, is operative for reflecting and dissipating heat, and further for resisting combustion when exposed to flame.

With reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, shown is sheet 100 superimposed one on top of a sheet 108, sheet 108 having a peripheral edge 108a and being substantially similar to blanket 50 herein previously discussed, details of which will be readily understood.. In this configuration, sheet 100 and sheet 108 may be either adhesively affixed to each other, or perhaps sewn together. As it will be appreciated, a plurality of sheets, such as those herein referenced, may be selectively employed in such a manner for producing a fire resistant blankets having varying degree of thicknesses, the fire resistant quality being selectively increased with increasing thickness.

Reference is now directed to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, which illustrate yet another alternate embodiment of the instant invention comprising a fire resistant blanket being generally designated by the reference character 120, which in general similarity, severally in structure, composition, and in function, to the previously described blanket 90 includes substantially the same elements. For the purposes of clarity, the specifically referenced common parts will be indicated consistent with those herein described in combination with blanket 90. However, the instant reference characters will further include a prime symbol, such as for example [reference character]' . Accordingly, like blanket 50, blanket 120 includes first layer 52' having outer surface 60' inner surface 62', and weep holes 68', second layer 54' having outer surface 64' and inner surface 66', baffles 94', and space 92' . In this embodiment, peripheral edge 52a of first layer 52' and peripheral edge 54a of second layer 54', both of which are shown in Fig. 13, are in engagement thereby providing space 92' as an enclosed space. The peripheral edges of first layer 52' and second layer 54', respectively, are preferably substantially sealingly engaged by means of sewing, or adhesively affixing them together with a suitable adhesive.

Space 92' , being enclosed, is operative for receiving fluid communicated from a remote fluid source. As it will become more apparent as the detailed description ensues, the use of a selected fluid, such as water or a selected fluid fire retardant or cooling fluid, in combination with blanket 120 increases the ability of blanket 120 to provide superior fire resistant qualities for inhibiting flame formation about an object when exposed to the threat of fire.

In particular, with continuing reference to Fig. 9, and additional reference to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, blanket 120 includes an elongate fluid channel 122 carried proximate outer surface 64' of second layer 54', and being operative for receiving fluid from a remote fluid source and communicating the fluid to space 92' . In particular, fluid channel 121, being preferably constructed of a fire resistant material such as canvas that has been treated with a conventional fire retardant, or other similar material suitable for transporting fluid therethrough and being substantially fire resistant, includes an open upper end 123 in fluid communication with space 92', and a open lower end 122 defining a fluid inlet for receiving fluid provided from a fluid source, the open upper 123 end being positioned proximate an upper edge 124 of blanket 120, and the open lower end 122 being positioned proximate a lower edge 126 of blanket

120. Upper edge 124 is defined in combination with an elongate support element 128 carried proximate portions of an upper edge (not herein specifically shown) of blanket 120. Support member 128, having a first end 130, a second end 132, and being preferably constructed of reinforced fire resistant canvas or other suitable material, includes a plurality of slots 134 extending therethrough, support member 128 being operative for suspending blanket 120 from a structure, details of which will be herein described as the detailed description ensues. Open lower end 122 includes a threaded aperture 140 operative for not only receiving fluid therethrough for communicating the fluid to fluid channel 121, but also for threadedly receiving threaded closure member 142 when blanket 120 is not in use, or when fluid is not desired to be introduced therein.

With continuing reference to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, and additional reference to Fig. 13 and Fig. 17, blanket 120 is operative for providing a protective fire resistant barrier in order to protect a selected structure from sustaining not only fire damage, but also from preventing the structure from catching fire and burning to the ground. In particular, in preferred operation, blanket 120 is suspended upon exterior portions of a building, house, or other structure under threat of impending external fire damage. To suspend blanket 120, nails or other similar fasteners may be inserted into the structure with blanket 120 suspended thereon by inserting the fasteners through slots 136. As such, blanket 120 would be suspended in a generally vertical configuration upon the structure, details of which will be more specifically discussed in combination with Figs. 19-22.

The introduction of fluid into space 92' is facilitated by coupling open lower end 122 to a remote fluid source which is preferably pressurized so that fluid provided therefrom conducts through open lower end 122 and upwardly through fluid channel 121 in the direction indicated by arrow A m Fig. 17 to open upper end 123 for fluid receipt within space 92' . Baffles 94 disposed within blanket 120 divide space 92' into a plurality of sub-chambers 144. When fluid is introduced within space 92', each sub-chamber 144 becomes successively filled with fluid as the fluid trickles from one sub-chamber to the other in the direction indicated by arrow B m Fig. 17 through baffle weep holes 146 formed through each baffle 94' . The baffles 94' having baffle weep holes 146 formed therethrough function as a distribution means for substantially distributing the fluid through each sub-chamber 144 which collectively define space 92' .

The fluid operates for providing moisture to first layer 52' and second layer 54', as each absorbs and becomes saturated with the fluid as it travels throughout space 92' . Additionally, as the fluid travels throughout space 92' , some of the fluid expels through weep holes 68' formed through first layer 52' . As a result of fluid expelling through weep holes 68' , the outer surface 60' of first layer 52' becomes moist such that when exposed to the threat of fire, further inhibits blanket 120 from catching fire effectively serving as a fire protective barrier.

As can be seen from the above referenced figures, blanket 120 further includes a fluid bleed comprising an elongate conduit 150 carried proximate lower edge 126. Elongate conduit 150, details of which can be seen in combination with Fig. 14 and being preferably constructed of a substantially rigid fire resistant material, includes a first end 152, a second end 154, a bore 156 extending longitudinally from first end 152 to second end 154, and a plurality of fluid inlets 158 extending upwardly and inwardly into space 92' from an upper surface 160, the fluid inlets 158 being in fluid communication with bore 156. Extending outwardly from second end 154 is provided an outwardly extending male engagement member 162 which terminates with a free end 164, bore 156 further communicating therethrough. As fluid travels through space 92' downwardly towards the fluid bleed, the fluid communicates through fluid inlets 158 and into bore 156, the fluid of which is then communicated through bore 156 away from space 92' to a selected remote location. In this respect, fluid can be continually circulated through space 92' with the excess fluid being expelled by the fluid bleed. Further details of the fluid bleed will become more apparent shortly as the detailed description ensues.

From Fig. 12, Fig. 13, and Fig. 14, it can be seen that elongate conduit 150 is retained to blanket 120 by means of an elongate strip 166 of material. Preferably constructed of fire resistant canvas, strip 166 can be seen wrapped around elongate conduit 150 with the free ends, 166a and 166b, thereof being coupled, preferably sewn, to first layer 52' and second layer 54' . It will be understood that a plurality of blankets

120 may be selectively coupled in series as selectively desired and as needed for desired fire protection. In particular, and with specific reference to Fig. 17, a plurality of blankets may be coupled together by means of inserting and frictionally engaging, male engagement member 162 within a terminal portion of the bore of an opposing first end 152 of an elongate conduit 150 of an opposing blanket 120. Similarly to engage the opposing ends of a plurality of blankets 120 together, provided is an elongate brace 170 having a first aperture 172 formed through portions thereof proximate a first end 174, and a second aperture 176 formed through portions thereof proximate a second end 178. First and second ends, 174 and 178, are inserted within opposing slots (not shown) formed in first end 130 and second end 132 respectively of elongate support element 128, such that first aperture 172 mates with aperture 180 formed through support element 128 proximate first end 130, and such that second aperture 176 mates with aperture 182 formed through support element 128 proximate second end 132. Pins (not shown) may then be inserted through apertures 180 and 182, and correspondingly through first and second apertures, 172 and 176, of brace 170 thereby detachably engaging the first end 130 of one blanket 120 to the second end 132 of an opposing blanket 120.

Reference is now directed to Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, which illustrate how instead of baffles 94', a baffle lattice 190 may suitably be used. Baffle lattice 190, being constructed of the same material as baffles 94' , includes a collective upper edge 192 preferably sewn to inner surface 62' of first layer 52', and a collective lower edge 194 preferably sewn to inner surface 66' of second layer 54', baffle lattice 190 defining a plurality sub-chambers 196 formed collectively in a generally checkered pattern. Baffle lattice includes a plurality of weep holes 198 for communicating fluid throughout each sub-chamber 196, with first layer 52 having a weep hole

68' communicating with each sub-chamber 196. It will be readily appreciated by those having ordinary skill, that any preferred and suitable baffle configuration may be used in combination with the instant invention without departing from the nature and scope of the instant invention as herein specifically disclosed.

Attention is now directed to Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, which illustrate how a plurality of blankets 120 may be used in a fire protection system for covering an exterior of a structure for inhibiting flame formation upon the exterior of the structure when exposed to fire. In Fig. 19, shown are a plurality of blankets 120 positioned about the exterior of structure 200 which is shown as being a small dwelling house. Although blanket 120 has been previously illustrated as having a generally rectangular configuration, it will be understood that blanket 120 may be shaped in any suitable configuration as desired for proper placement about a selected structure as desired. With respect to the instant discussion, blankets 120 are positioned upon the roof of structure 120, and along the sidewalls extending upwardly from the ground. Further shown positioned beneath a surface 202 of the ground is a storage tank 204 for storing fluid such as water or a selected fluid fire retardant substance, the storage tank 204 comprising a fluid source located proximate a remote location in relation to structure 200. Storage tank 204 is coupled to a fluid conduit 206 which extends upwardly and terminates with a fluid pump 208, the fluid conduit 206 being operative for communicating fluid from the storage tank 204 to pump 208. The fluid pump 208, being of a conventional type well know to those having ordinary skill, is coupled to a fluid outlet line

210 which leads to a fluid line 212 which extends about the perimeter of structure 200, fluid supply line 212 being m fluid communication with each elongate conduit

(not shown) of each blanket 120 for providing fluid thereto as previously discussed.

In operation, the plurality of blankets 120 coupled in fluid communicating relation with blankets 120 function as a fire protection system, such that when blankets 120 are positioned about structure 200 and receiving fluid from storage tank 204, inhibit flame formation upon the structure 200 when exposed to fire. In particular, with blankets 120 positioned about structure 120, pump 208 may be actuated for drawing fluid from storage tank 204 and displacing it through fluid outlet line 210 to fluid supply line 212 . From fluid supply line 212, the fluid is communicated to each blanket 120 as previously discussed. As the fluid is provided to each blanket 120, it is eventually expelled therefrom through each fluid bleed (discussed previously in combination with Fig. 14) and communicated back to storage tank 204 for eventual recirculation back to storage tank 204, or for communication to a waste site.

It will be readily appreciated, that fluid supply line 212, further details of which can be seen in combination with Fig. 18, is operative for providing fluid communication to the fluid channel 121 of each blanket 120. Although it can be seen that fluid supply line 212 is positioned proximate portions of blankets 120 carried proximate the sidewalls of structure 200 for supplying fluid thereto, fluid supply line 212, although not herein specifically shown, is further operative for supplying fluid to blankets 120 positioned upon the roof of structure 200. As such, an upper fluid bleed conduit

214 can be seen extending downwardly in fluid communicating relation from the fluid bleeds of blankets

120 positioned upon the roof and downwardly in fluid communicating relation with lower bleed conduit 216 for supplying lower bleed conduit with fluid expelled from the fluid bleeds of blankets 120 positioned upon the roof. Lower bleed conduit 216, being not only operative for receiving bleed fluid from upper bleed conduit 214, is similarly operative for receiving bleed fluid from the fluid bleeds of blankets 120 positioned about the sidewalls of structure 200. Lower bleed conduit 216 preferably communicates fluid back to storage tank 204, of which is then recirculated back to blankets 120.

Although blankets 120 discussed in combination with the fire protection system referenced in Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 may be individually placed about a structure for inhibiting the formation of flame about the structure when exposed to fire, an alternate embodiment of a fire protection system can be seen depicted in combination with Figs. 20-23. With specific reference to Fig. 20 and 22, shown are a plurality of fire protective blankets, each blanket being designated by the reference character 220, carried and supported upon portions of a framework 222 positioned within structure 224 proximate an attic 226 thereof, structure 224 being shown as a dwelling house. Blankets 220 may be of a construction consistent with blankets 50, 90, and 120, previously discussed, details of which will not be again addressed as they will be readily understood in combination with previous discussions .

Although framework 222 may be of any preferred and suitable configuration, it can be seen as having a base comprised of an elongate member 230 supported in a generally horizontal configuration above an upper surface

232 of ceiling 234 of structure 224 by means of legs 236 extending upwardly therefrom. Elongate member 230 includes free ends, 238 and 240, having elongate spool members (not herein specifically shown) rotatably coupled therewith, each spool member being disposed m a generally horizontal configuration throughout substantially the entire length of attic 226, and each being operative for spooling retaining a blanket 220 proximate the juncture of where roof elements 242 and 244 merge with ceiling 234. Framework 222 further includes a plurality of elongate support members 250 extending upwardly from elongate member 230 in a generally vertical configuration and terminating with free ends 252 having elongate spool members (not herein specifically shown) rotatably coupled therewith, each spool member being disposed in a generally horizontal configuration throughout substantially the entire length of attic 226, and each being operative for spooling retaining a blanket 220 proximate the juncture of where roof elements 242 and 244 converge.

Roof elements, 242 and 244, of structure 224 are comprised of two substantially planar sections disposed in generally upwardly converging relation upon a frame 254 each having an upper edge, 242a and 244a respectively, defining an elongate slot 256 therebetween, a substantially planar inner surface, 242b and 244b respectively, a substantially planar outer surface, 242c and 244c respectively, and a lower edge, 242d and 244d respectively. Frame 254 is comprised of a continuous sidewall defined by two endwalls 254a (only one of which is shown) and two sidewalls 254b (only one of which is shown) which extend upwardly from the ground and terminate with an upper peripheral edge 254c. Further provided in combination with structure 224 are two spaced apart elongate slots, 258 and 260 respectively, formed proximate the respective junctures where roof element 242 and roof element 244 merge with upper peripheral edge 254c of frame 254.

In the event structure 224 becomes endangered from sustaining damage from an approaching fire, blankets 220 may be selectively rolled out from the respective spool members for covering structure 224. In particular, blankets 120 supported by the spool members carried proximate the free ends 252 of support members 250 may be selectively unrolled and expelled out of slot 256 and then each respectively drawn over the outer surfaces, 242c and 244c, of roof elements, 242 and 244 respectively, for substantially covering outer surfaces 242c and 244c for protecting the roof elements from being damaged or otherwise burned from exposure to the fire. In similar fashion, blankets 120 supported by the spool members carried proximate the free ends, 238 and 240, of elongate member 230 may be selectively unrolled and expelled out of slots 258 and 260 respectively, and then each respectively drawn over outer surfaces 262 (only one surface being shown) of sidewalls 254b for substantially covering outer surfaces 260 and for protecting sidewalls 254b from being damaged or otherwise burned from exposure to the fire. To suitably retain each blanket 220 in place when drawn about the respective exterior portions of structure 224, provided is an attachment means carried proximate a free edge 264 thereof. The attachment means is preferably comprised of a plurality of hook members 270 disposed in spaced apart relation and operative for detachably engaging lower edges 242d and 244d of the respective roof elements 242 and 244, and for detachably engaging portions of a lower peripheral edge 272 of frame 254. As can be seen in Fig. 21 and Fig. 23, each hook member 270, being constructed of a substantially rigid and fire resistant material, is comprised of a substantially J-shaped member 274 having a substantially horizontally extending and generally cylindrical slot 276 for receiving and retaining free edge 264 having a generally cylindrical shape, slot 276 being defined in part by an inwardly and generally upwardly extending flange 278. J-shaped member 274 further includes an inner engagement surface 280 operative for detachably engaging lower edges 242d and 244d of the respective roof elements 242 and 244, and for detachably engaging portions of a lower peripheral edge 272 of frame 254. It will be readily appreciated by those having ordinary skill, that any suitable attachment means may be used. It will be understood that blankets 220 may be selectively expelled for placement about the exterior of structure 224 for protecting it from fire damage, with hook members 270 being operative for engaging blankets 220 m place. When use is no longer needed, blankets 220 may then be selectively spoolmgly retracted about the respective spool members for storage within attic 226.

As it will be appreciated from the foregoing discussion, an efficient and highly effective fire protection system has been disclosed, with blankets 220 being operative for providing an efficient fire protective barrier for inhibiting the formation of flame upon the exterior of structure 224 within the coverage area of the blankets 220. Blankets 220 may be selectively sized for coverage of the entire exterior of a selected structure, as evidenced by the flap 282 extending from blanket 220 proximate roof element 244 which is operative for wrapping around portions of structure 224 for increased coverage. Furthermore, provided proximate upper edges 242a and 244a of roof elements 242 and 244 respectively, is an elongate covering 284 comprised of a first element 284a and a second element 284b having inner ends (not shown) pivotally mounted thereto, and free ends 285 and 286 respectively. First element 284a and second element 284b, being constructed of a substantially rigid and fire resistant substance, may be upwardly pivotally disposed for opening slot 256 for allowing blankets 220 to be expelled from slot 256, and downwardly pivotally disposed for covering or closing slot 256 when blankets 220 are no longer needed for use. When closed, covering 284 is operative for repelling the external elements from entering attic 226 through slot 256. Attention is now directed to Fig. 24 and Fig. 25, illustrating another embodiment of a fire protection system. Shown is structure 224 having a fire retardant foam 290 being sprayed upon its exterior surface being generally indicated by the reference character 292. The fire retardant foam 290, being preferably of the type normally referred to as "wet" water being m the form of a clinging foam, may be applied to exterior 292 by means of a conventional spray gun 294, the foam 290 being operative as a fire protective barrier for clinging to and protecting exterior 292 (Fig. 25) of structure 224 near the source of the fire.

With reference to Fig. 26, foam 290 may be selectively transported to a selected structure or structures, such as in a tank 296 carried upon a truck 298, for application of foam 290 to the exterior of the selected structure or structures by means of spray gun 294 being m foam communicating relation with tank 296 by means of fluid lines 300. However, as can be seen m Fig. 27, foam 290 may be selectively stored proximate a selected structure such as structure 224, foam 290 being available at any moment for application to structure 224. In particular, Fig. 27 illustrates a fire protection system incorporating a storage tank 302 positioned beneath the ground proximate structure 224 for storing foam 290. Further provided is a pump 304 positioned above the ground in foam communicating relation with storage tank 302 by means of foam conduit 306. Pump 304 is coupled to a fluid line 308 which is in turn coupled to spray gun 310 through which foam 290 may be expelled for coverage of exterior 292 of structure 224. It will be readily understood that pump 304 is operative for pumping foam 290 through fluid line 308 to spray gun 310 for spraying foam 290 upon structure 224. Furthermore, storage tank 302 may be easily refilled with foam 290 when emptied.

Although the use of the previously described embodiments have been discussed in combination with a small dwelling house, a variant embodiment may be incorporated for use in combination with other selected structures. With attention directed to Figs. 28-33, illustrated is a variant embodiment of a fire protection system incorporating a catapult mechanism 320 being operative as a catapult means for catapulting a fire protective blanket 322 therefrom for coverage of a selected structure proximate a spaced apart and remote location relative catapult mechanism 320. Blanket 322 is constructed in accordance with either blanket 50 or blanket 90 previously discussed. Accordingly, the specific structural details of blanket 322 will not be herein specifically addressed as they will be readily understood in light of previous discussions.

In the instant embodiment, catapult mechanism 320 includes a housing 324 having a substantially rectangular configuration and including a rearward end 326, a front end 328 and a catapult arm 330 having an end 332 pivotally coupled intermediate supports 334 and 336 extending upwardly from housing 324 proximate front end 328. Catapult arm 330 includes a headed free end 338 having an upper surface 340 thereof. Further included is a lid 342 having a substantially planar configuration and an end 344 pivotally mounted to housing 324 proximate rearward end 326, lid 342 terminating with a free end 346. Housing 324 is equipped with a drive means (not shown) for urging catapult arm 330 outwardly from a first configuration of which can be seen in combination with Fig. 28 and Fig. 32, to a second configuration of which can be seen m combination with Fig. 31. Although the drive means operative for actuating catapult arm 330 is not herein specifically shown, it may be of any suitable and known type such as a spring drive or other similar and suitable drive means.

Housing 324 includes a chamber (not shown) for storing and holding blanket 322. As can be seen in Fig. 30, Fig. 32, and Fig. 33, blanket 322 includes a plurality of weight elements 348 carried in spaced apart relation proximate a leading edge 350 of blanket 322, weight elements 348 being comprised of weighted balls or the like constructed of steel or some other type of weighted material. In operation, blanket 322 is stored within housing 324 with weight elements 348 being positioned upon upper surface 340 of catapult arm 330. When a structure, such as vehicle 352, is desired to be protected from damage resulting from contact with fire, catapult mechanism 320 may be actuated thereby disposing catapult arm 330 from the first configuration to the second configuration thus catapulting weight elements 348 towards vehicle 352, or other selected structure, in the direction indicated by arrow A in Fig. 32. Once weight elements 348 are catapulted, they spread out thereby spreading out blanket 322 at it trails behind, the blanket then coming to rest about vehicle 352 for protecting it from fire damage.

Attention is now directed to another embodiment of a fire protection system illustrated in combination with Figs. 34-38. In this embodiment, shown is a structure 360 comprising a small dwelling house. As can be seen in Fig. 34, positioned proximate a crest 362 of structure 360 is seen a catapult mechanism 364. Like catapult mechanism 320, catapult mechanism 364 is operative for holding or storing a fire protective blanket and catapulting the blanket outwardly for coverage of structure 360, the blanket serving as a fire protective barrier for inhibiting structure 360 from sustaining damage from fire.

With continuing reference to Fig. 34, and additional reference to Fig. 35 and 36, catapult mechanism 364 includes a housing 366 in which is stored fire protective blanket 368, having construction similar to blanket 322 discussed previously. To protect structure 360 from approaching fire, catapult mechanism 360 may be actuated causing lids 370 and 372 of housing 366 to open. Contemporaneously with lids 370 and 372 opening, weight elements 374, of which can be seen in Fig. 38 and having the same characteristics as weight elements 348 discussed previously, coupled to an outer peripheral edge 376 of blanket 368 are catapulted upwardly and radially outwardly (Fig. 36) thereby pulling blanket 368 out of housing 366 to cover structure 360 of which can be seen

It will be readily appreciated that catapult mechanism 364 may be positioned proximate any desired location about structure 360 as is suitable for intended use. Furthermore, the fire protection system discussed in combination with Figs. 34-38 may be used in combination with any preferred structures including not only small dwelling houses, but also sheds, larger buildings, and even vehicles.

Various changes and modifications to the embodiment herein chosen for purposes of illustration will readily occur to those skilled in the art. To the extent that such modifications and variations do not depart from the spirit of the invention, they are intended to be included within the scope thereof which is assessed only by a fair interpretation of the following claims.

Having fully described the invention in such clear and concise terms as to enable those skilled m the art to understand and practice the same, the invention claimed is:

Claims

1. A blanket for placement proximate an exterior of a structure for inhibiting flame formation upon said structure from a fire source, said blanket comprising:

a first layer being fire resistant and having an outer surface and an inner surface;

a second layer being fire resistant and having an outer surface and an inner surface, said inner surface of said second layer being spaced from and generally parallel to said inner surface of said first layer thereby creating a space intermediate said first layer and said second layer; and

biasing means disposed proximate said space interconnecting said inner surface of first fire resistant layer with said inner surface of said second fire resistant layer, said biasing means for maintaining said first layer m spaced apart relation relative said second layer.

2. The blanket of claim 1, wherein said first layer includes a plurality of weepholes formed therethrough.

3. The blanket of claim 1, wherein said biasing means includes a plurality of baffles, each of said baffles having an upper edge coupled to said inner surface of said first layer, and a lower edge coupled to said inner surface of said second layer, each of said baffles being disposed in a generally horizontal spaced- apart configuration thereby defining a plurality of sub- chambers .

4. The blanket of claim 3, wherein each of said baffles includes shape memory for maintaining said first layer in spaced-apart relation relative said second layer.

5. The blanket of claim 4, wherein each of said sub-chambers is filled with a fire retardant foam.

6. The blanket of claim 1, wherein said first layer is substantially pliant.

7. The blanket of claim 1, wherein said second layer is substantially pliant.

8. A blanket for placement proximate an exterior of a structure for inhibiting flame formation upon said structure from fire source, said blanket comprising:

a first fire resistant layer having an outer surface, an inner surface, and a peripheral edge;

a second fire resistant layer having an outer surface, an inner surface, and a peripheral edge, said peripheral edge of said first fire resistant layer being coupled to said peripheral edge of said second fire resistant layer thereby forming an enclosed space defined by said inner surface of said first fire resistant layer and said inner surface of said second fire resistant layer, said enclosed space being in fluid communicating relation with a remote fluid source; and

distribution means carried intermediate said first fire resistant layer and said second fire resistant layer proximate said enclosed space for substantially distributing said fluid throughout said enclosed space.

9. The blanket of claim 8, further including a fluid channel having an inlet for receiving fluid from said remote fluid source, and a fluid outlet for delivering said fluid to said enclosed space.

10. The blanket of claim 9, wherein said distribution means includes a plurality of baffles, each of said baffles having a plurality of weepholes formed therethrough, an upper edge coupled to said inner surface of said first fire resistant layer, and a lower edge coupled to said inner surface of said second fire resistant layer, each of said baffles being disposed in a generally horizontal spaced-apart configuration thereby defining a plurality of horizontally disposed sub- chambers therein, said weepholes for communicating said fluid throughout each of said sub-chambers.

11. The blanket of claim 10, wherein each of said baffles includes shape memory for maintaining said first fire resistant layer m spaced-apart relation relative said second fire resistant layer.

12. The blanket of claim 11, further including a fluid bleed for bleeding fluid from said enclosed space.

13. The blanket of 9, wherein said distribution means includes a baffle lattice, said baffle lattice having plurality of weepholes, a collective upper edge coupled to said inner surface of said first fire resistant layer, and a collective lower edge coupled to said inner surface of said second fire resistant layer, said baffle lattice defining a plurality of sub-chambers, said weepholes for communicating said fluid throughout each of said sub-chambers.

14. The blanket of claim 13, wherein said baffle lattice includes shape memory for maintaining said first fire resistant layer in spaced-apart relation relative said second fire resistant layer.

15. The blanket of claim 8, further including attachment means for detachably engaging said blanket proximate said exterior of said structure.

16. The blanket of claim 15, wherein said attachment means includes a plurality of hook members carried proximate an edge thereof, said hook members for detachably engaging portions of said structure.

17. The blanket of claim 8, further including coupling means for detachably coupling said blanket to another said blanket.

18. The blanket of claim 17, wherein said coupling means includes a male engagement member carried proximate said blankets, and a female engagement member carried proximate the other said blanket, said male engagement member being selectively and detachably engageable within said female engagement member.

19. The blanket of claim 8, wherein said remote fluid source includes a storage tank having fluid carried therein, said storage tank being in fluid communicating relation with said blanket.

20. A fire protection system for use in combination with a structure, said fire protection system being deployable upon an exterior of said structure for inhibiting flame formation upon said structure when exposed to a fire source, said fire protection system comprising:

a fire protective barrier selectively deployable upon said exterior of said structure.

21. The fire protection system of claim 20, wherein said fire protective barrier includes a fire resistant blanket deployable about said exterior of said structure by a catapult means.

22. The fire protection system of claim 21, wherein said catapult means includes a catapult mechanism.

23. The fire protection system of claim 22, wherein said catapult mechanism is spaced apart from said structure .

24. The fire protection system of claim 22, wherein said catapult mechanism is carried proximate portions of said structure.

25. The fire protection system of claim 20, wherein said fire protective barrier includes a plurality of fire resistant blankets detachably engagable proximate said structure, said plurality of fire resistant blankets being individually and selectively deployable therefrom said structure for covering selected portions of said exterior of said structure.

26. The fire protection system of claim 25, wherein each of said blankets includes an attachment means for detachably engaging portions of said structure when deployed.

27. The fire protection system of claim 26, wherein said attachment means includes a plurality of hook members carried proximate an edge thereof.

28. The fire protection system of claim 20, wherein said fire protective barrier includes a fire retardant selectively sprayable upon said exterior of said structure.

29. The fire protection system of claim 28, wherein said fire retardant is carried within a storage tank disposed in spaced apart relation to said structure, said storage tank for storing said fire retardant, said fire retardant being selectively sprayable upon said structure by means of a spray gun coupled in fire retardant communicating relation with said storage tank.

30. A method for inhibiting flame formation upon an exterior of a structure, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a fire protective barrier; and

deploying said fire protective barrier proximate said exterior of said structure.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein said step of providing a fire protective barrier includes the step of providing a fire resistant blanket.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of deploying includes the steps of providing a catapult mechanism for catapulting said fire resistant blanket about said structure.

33. The method of claim 30, wherein said step of providing a fire protective barrier includes the step of providing a plurality of fire resistant blankets detachably engagable proximate said structure, said plurality of fire resistant blankets being individually and selectively deployable for covering selected portions of said exterior of said structure.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein said step of providing a plurality of fire resistant blankets further includes the steps of providing each of said blankets with attachment means for detachably engaging said blankets to said structure when deployed.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said step of providing each of said blankets with attachment means further includes the step of providing a plurality of hook members carried by said blankets.

36. The method of claim 30, wherein said step of providing a fire resistant barrier includes the steps of providing a fire retardant foam barrier.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein said step of deploying said fire protective barrier includes the step of spraying said fire retardant foam upon said exterior of said structure, said fire retardant foam being stored in spaced apart relation relative said structure.