WO1997042276A1 - Compositions de nettoyage pour surfaces dures - Google Patents

Compositions de nettoyage pour surfaces dures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997042276A1
WO1997042276A1 PCT/US1997/007228 US9707228W WO9742276A1 WO 1997042276 A1 WO1997042276 A1 WO 1997042276A1 US 9707228 W US9707228 W US 9707228W WO 9742276 A1 WO9742276 A1 WO 9742276A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
alcohol
nonionic surfactant
weight
hard surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/007228
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marc François Theophile EVERS
Roberta Margherita Romano
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to US09/180,108 priority Critical patent/US6828290B1/en
Priority to AU30565/97A priority patent/AU3056597A/en
Priority to JP9540003A priority patent/JPH11508321A/ja
Priority to BR9709581-8A priority patent/BR9709581A/pt
Publication of WO1997042276A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997042276A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
    • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
    • C11D3/2013—Monohydric alcohols linear fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the cleaning of hard surfaces, particularly but not exclusively floors.
  • compositions for the cleaning of hard surfaces have been extensively discussed in the art. It is desirable that such compositions should have, in addition to the ability to clean effectively, the ability to provide a good shine to the surfaces they have cleaned. However, surface shine is often compromised by residues of the compositions which are left on the surfaces, and which appear as streaks as water evaporation is completed.
  • compositions are used without rinsing after cleaning, and when the compositions are formulated as concentrated compositions, which comprise more actives and less water.
  • compositions for the cleaning of hard surfaces which clean effectively in concentrated or diluted form, and which leave no or little streaks after the cleaning.
  • the invention encompasses the use, in a hard surface cleaning composition, of :
  • the invention encompasses the use, in a hard surface cleaning composition, of:
  • the invention combines the first two embodiments and thus encompasses the use, in a hard surface cleaning composition, of
  • the invention encompasses a hard surface cleaning composition comprising
  • Preferred in that fourth embodiment is a composition which further comprises a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant (a), and wherein additionally the weight ratios of (a):(b) offrom V-l to l0: l.
  • a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant
  • the invention further encompasses processes of cleaning hard surfaces with the compositions, either dilute or neat.
  • various components are combined and used in a hard surface cleaning composition with a view to provide shine to the hard surfaces which are cleaned with the compositions.
  • hard surfaces typically refers to floors, walls, windows, kitchen and bathroom furniture, appliances and dishes.
  • Obtaining a good shine end result is essentially the sum of two factors, namely: a good spreading of the cleaning product on the surface, and no crystallisation while drying. If both are achieved, a streak-free end result is obtained.
  • the streaking phenomenon can thus be described as the apparition of visible residues from the cleaning composition, as the water from the composition or the rinse water evaporates. Molecular crystaliinity and aggregation during evaporation cause streaking, thus give a bad shine end result.
  • the ability of a composition to provide "shine" to surfaces refers to the composition's ability to leave little or no eye-visible residues on the surfaces, after evaporation of the water.
  • the ability of various compositions to provide shine can be evaluated by the human eye, but it is also possible to evaluate the difference by means of a gloss- meter, such as a Sheen ® 155 gloss meter.
  • a suitable method to evaluate a composition's ability to leave no or little residues is to first measure the gloss of a given surface, then apply the cleaning composition on the surface, then leave the composition to dry, and finally measure again the gloss of the surface on which the composition has been applied. The smaller the difference, the better the shine.
  • component (a) the compositions herein comprise a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable hydrophilic nonionic surfactants for use herein include alkoxylated alcohols, preferably ethoxylated alcohols.
  • Such surfactants can be represented by the formula CxEOyH, where C symbolises the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohol starting material, x represents the length of its hydrocarbon chain.
  • EO represents ethoxy groups and y represents the average degree of ethoxylation, i.e. the average number of moles of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol.
  • Suitable hydrophilic nonionic surfactants for use herein include those where x is of from 9 to 18, preferably 9 to 14, and average y is of from 8 to 30, preferably 10 to 20
  • suitable hydrophilic nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols which can be represented by the formula CxPOyEOy', where x is as above, and (y+y * ) is as y above.
  • the compositions herein can comprise mixtures of such hydrophilic nonionics, and the compositions comprise from 0.5% to 8.0%, preferably from 1% to 4% by weight of the total composition of such hydrophilic nonionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions herein comprise an alcohol having a hydrocarbon chain comprising 8 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16.
  • the hydrocarbon chain can be branched or linear, and can be mono, di or polyalcohols.
  • the compositions herein should comprise from 0.1% to 3% by weight of the total composition of such alcohol, or mixtures thereof, preferably from 0.1% to 1%.
  • compositions herein comprise a hydrophobic nonionic surfactant (c), or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable hydrophobic nonionic surfactants for use herein include alkoxylated alcohols, preferably ethoxylated alcohols.
  • Such surfactants can be represented by the formula CxEOyH, where C symbolises the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohol starting material, x represents the length of its hydrocarbon chain.
  • EO represents ethoxy groups and y represents the average degree of ethoxylation, i.e. the average number of moles of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol.
  • Suitable hydrophobic nonionic surfactants for use herein include those where x is of from 9 to 18, preferably 9 to 16, and y is of from 2 to 7, preferably 4 to 7.
  • Suitable hydrophobic nonionic surfactants also include ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols which can be represented by the formula CxPOyEOy", where x is as above x and where (y+y 1 ) is as y above.
  • the compositions herein can comprise mixtures of such hydrophobic nonionics, and the composit s comprise from 1% to 20%, preferably from 3% to 15% by weight of the toial composition of such hydrophobic nonionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions herein should comprise an anionic surfactant which is sulfated anionic surfactant, as opposed to a sulfonated anionic surfactant.
  • Suitable sulfated anionic surfactants for use herein include alkyl sulfates and alkoxylated alkyl sulfates which can be made by sulfating an alcohol, or an alcohol alkoxylate, respectively.
  • Typical alkoxylating groups for such surfactants are ethoxy and propoxy groups, and suitable alkyl ethoxy sulfates for use herein can be represented by the formula CxEOyS where C symbolises the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohol starting material, x represents the length of its hydrocarbon chain.
  • EO represents ethoxy groups and y represents the average degree of ethoxylation, i.e. the average number of moles of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol.
  • S stands for a sulfate group.
  • Suitable alkyl ethoxy sulfates anionic surfactants for use herein include those where x is from 10 to 14 and y is from 1 to 5.
  • suitable alkyl propoxy sulfates can be represented as CxPOyS, with identical ranges for x and y.
  • a particular sulfated anionic surfactant for use herein is a mixture of an ethoxylated alkyl sulfate and a propoxylated alkyl sulfate according to the formulas above.
  • the compositions herein comprise from 0.5% to 10%, preferably from 0.5% to 4% of said sulfated anionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof.
  • An optional but highly preferred component herein is a particular builder system which further improves the cleaning performance without negatively affecting the shine.
  • This fifth component comprises a carbonate or polyphosphate salt, and a polycarboxylate salt, and preferably the weight ratio of polycarboxylate to carbonate or polyphosphate is at least 1:0.05.
  • salt refers to both the acidic form of all the builders suitable for use herein, or any of their salts.
  • Suitable carbonate builders for use herein are according to the formula X2CO3 or XHCO3 where X is a suitable counterion, typically K + , Na + NH4 4" .
  • Such suitable and preferred polycarboxylates include citrate and compounds of the formula
  • A is H or OH; B is H or -O-CH(COOX)-CH 2 (COOX); and X is H or a salt- forming cation.
  • a and B are both H, then the compound is oxydissuccinic acid and its water-soluble salts. If A is OH and B is H, then the compound is tartrate monosuccinic acid (TMS) and its water-soluble salts.
  • TDS tartrate disuccinic acid
  • Still other ether polycarboxylates suitable for use herein include copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6- trisulfonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid.
  • polycarboxylate builders include the ether hydroxypolycarboxylates represented by the structure :
  • n H0-[C(R)(COOM)-C(R)(COOM)-O] n -H wherein M is hydrogen or a cation wherein the resultant salt is water-soluble, preferably an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, n is from about 2 to about 15 (preferably n is from about 2 to about 10, more preferably n averages from about 2 to about 4) and each R is the same or different and selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ _4 alkyl or C1.4 substituted alkyl (preferably R is hydrogen).
  • Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Preferred amongst those cyclic compounds are dipicolinic acid and chelidanic acid.
  • polycarboxylates for use herein are mellitic acid, succinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, benzene pentacarboxylic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
  • carboxylate builders herein include the carboxylated carbohydrates disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,723,322, Diehl, issued March 28, 1973, incorporated herein by reference.
  • carboxylates for use herein which do not meet the above criteria are alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids.
  • polyacetic acid builder salts are sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediamine, tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid.
  • polycarboxylates are those also known as alkyliminoacetic builders such as methyl imino diacetic acid, alanine diacetic acid, methyl glycine diacetic acid, hydroxy propylene imino diacetic acid and other alkyl imino acetic acid builders. Most preferred of all polycarboxylate builders for use herein is citrate.
  • compositions herein comprise from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the total composition of the builder system, preferably from 0.5% to 3%.
  • components (a) to (d) should be present in certain specified ratios. Accordingly, components (a) and (b) should be present in a weight ratio of (a) to (b) of from 1:1 to 10:1, preferably 2:1 to 7:1. Components (c) and (b) should be present in a weight ratio of (c) to (b) of from 5: 1 to 25:1, preferably 10:1 to 20:1. And components (d) and (c) should be present in a weight ratio of (d) to (c) of from 1 :1 to 1: 10, preferably 1 :2 to 1:6. Where a component is composed of a mixture of ingredients, as opposed to a single ingredient, the weight ratios herein are calculated on the basis of the weight amount of the component, i.e. the added amounts of the individual ingredients forming the component.
  • compositions herein are combining three technology blocks which function on their own, but which find their preferred application when they are used together.
  • the first technology block is the combination of the selected hydrophilic nonionic surfactant with the selected alcohol, in the selected ratios. Indeed, these nonionic surfactants are particularly effective on particulate soils and on greasy soils, but they will cause streaking if they are used on their own.
  • the second technology block is the combination of the selected hydrophobic nonionic surfactant with the selected alcohol in the selected ratios, together with the selected sulfate anionic surfactants. Similarly to the first building block, these nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants are particularly effective on particulate soils and on greasy soils, but they will cause streaking if they are used on their own. Addition of alcohol, in the selected ratios, results in a clear shine benefit.
  • the third technology block is the mixed builder system.
  • Polycarboxylates with surfactants would cause streaking, and carbonate or polyphosphates with surfactants would cause a crystalline film to be deposited on the surface.
  • the combination of these builders, together with surfactants leaves no visible streaks and no film. This performance improvement is particularly visible in presence of anionic surfactants, as these surfactants tend to form streaks already when pure.
  • compositions herein can further comprise a variety of further, optional, ingredients.
  • optionals include bleaches, enzymes, dyes, perfumes and other aesthetics.
  • compositions herein are preferably formulated as aqueous liquids. They can comprise from 1% to 30% by weight of the total composition of actives, i.e. from 99% to 70% water.
  • “neat” refers to a composition comprising that amount of actives.
  • the composition herein is applied neat onto a surface so as to clean the surface, and is optionally but preferably subsequently removed by rinsing with water.
  • the compositions is first diluted in water, typically from 40 to 320 times, and it is then applied to the surface to be cleaned. Thereafter, in this second mode, the composition can but does not necessarily have to be rinsed off of the surface.
  • the first mode is generally more convenient for heavily soiled surfaces while the second mode is generally more convenient for large and lightly soiled surfaces such as floors.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de nettoyage de surfaces dures qui permet de ne pas laisser de traces ou de résidus visibles sur lesdites surfaces. L'invention concerne plusieurs modes de réalisation qui associent un tensioactif non ionique hydrophile à un alcool sélectionné, dans des proportions spécifiques, ou un tensioactif non ionique hydrophobe à un alcool et à un tensioactif anionique sulfaté sélectionnés, dans des proportions spécifiques, ou qui renferment l'ensemble de tous ces composants.
PCT/US1997/007228 1996-05-03 1997-05-01 Compositions de nettoyage pour surfaces dures WO1997042276A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/180,108 US6828290B1 (en) 1996-05-03 1997-05-01 Hard surface cleaning compositions
AU30565/97A AU3056597A (en) 1996-05-03 1997-05-01 Hard surface cleaning compositions
JP9540003A JPH11508321A (ja) 1996-05-03 1997-05-01 硬質表面クリーニング組成物
BR9709581-8A BR9709581A (pt) 1997-05-01 1997-05-01 Composições para limpar superfìcies duras

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96870058.3 1996-05-03
EP96870058A EP0805200B1 (fr) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Composition de nettoyage pour surfaces dures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997042276A1 true WO1997042276A1 (fr) 1997-11-13

Family

ID=8226140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/007228 WO1997042276A1 (fr) 1996-05-03 1997-05-01 Compositions de nettoyage pour surfaces dures

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0805200B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11508321A (fr)
AT (1) ATE245187T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3056597A (fr)
CA (1) CA2253477A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ351398A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE69629104T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2201165T3 (fr)
TR (1) TR199802219T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997042276A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6841090B1 (en) * 1998-04-08 2005-01-11 The Proctor & Gamble Company Disinfecting composition and process for disinfecting surfaces

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009520874A (ja) * 2005-12-20 2009-05-28 ノボザイムス バイオロジカルズ，インコーポレイティド 表面クリーニング用の界面活性剤系
JP5235102B2 (ja) * 2008-06-16 2013-07-10 花王株式会社 水性毛髪洗浄剤
US8071520B2 (en) 2009-11-06 2011-12-06 Ecolab Usa Inc. Sulfonated alkyl polyglucoside use for enhanced food soil removal
US8172953B2 (en) 2009-11-06 2012-05-08 Ecolab Usa Inc. Alkyl polyglucosides and a propoxylated-ethoxylated extended chain surfactant
US8216994B2 (en) 2009-11-09 2012-07-10 Ecolab Usa Inc. Phosphate functionalized alkyl polyglucosides used for enhanced food soil removal
US8389463B2 (en) 2009-11-09 2013-03-05 Ecolab Usa Inc. Enhanced dispensing of solid compositions
WO2014039302A1 (fr) 2012-09-04 2014-03-13 Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. Dispersions hybrides de polyuréthane/polyacrylique pour applications brillantes d'entretien domestique
US20150252310A1 (en) 2014-03-07 2015-09-10 Ecolab Usa Inc. Alkyl amides for enhanced food soil removal and asphalt dissolution
WO2017152063A1 (fr) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-08 S.C.Johnson & Son, Inc. Compositions neutres de nettoyage des sols

Citations (4)

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US5075026A (en) * 1986-05-21 1991-12-24 Colgate-Palmolive Company Microemulsion all purpose liquid cleaning composition
US5376298A (en) * 1993-07-29 1994-12-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Hard surface detergent compositions
US5382376A (en) * 1992-10-02 1995-01-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Hard surface detergent compositions
US5393468A (en) * 1993-07-14 1995-02-28 Colgate Palmolive Company Hard surface cleaner

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DE2536107A1 (de) * 1975-08-13 1977-02-24 Hoechst Ag Geschirrspuelmittel
US4692277A (en) * 1985-12-20 1987-09-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Higher molecular weight diols for improved liquid cleaners
GB9027416D0 (en) * 1990-12-18 1991-02-06 Unilever Plc Detergent composition
MA22617A1 (fr) * 1991-08-14 1993-04-01 Procter & Gamble Compositions detergentes pour surfaces dures .
EP0666308B1 (fr) * 1994-02-03 2000-08-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions nettoyantes liquides pour tous usages
US5476614A (en) * 1995-01-17 1995-12-19 Colgate Palmolive Co. High foaming nonionic surfactant based liquid detergent

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5075026A (en) * 1986-05-21 1991-12-24 Colgate-Palmolive Company Microemulsion all purpose liquid cleaning composition
US5382376A (en) * 1992-10-02 1995-01-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Hard surface detergent compositions
US5393468A (en) * 1993-07-14 1995-02-28 Colgate Palmolive Company Hard surface cleaner
US5376298A (en) * 1993-07-29 1994-12-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Hard surface detergent compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6841090B1 (en) * 1998-04-08 2005-01-11 The Proctor & Gamble Company Disinfecting composition and process for disinfecting surfaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11508321A (ja) 1999-07-21
AU3056597A (en) 1997-11-26
EP0805200B1 (fr) 2003-07-16
ES2201165T3 (es) 2004-03-16
CZ351398A3 (cs) 1999-04-14
EP0805200A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
TR199802219T2 (xx) 1999-02-22
DE69629104D1 (de) 2003-08-21
DE69629104T2 (de) 2004-04-22
CA2253477A1 (fr) 1997-11-13
ATE245187T1 (de) 2003-08-15

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