WO1997040372A1 - Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline - Google Patents

Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997040372A1
WO1997040372A1 PCT/EP1997/002071 EP9702071W WO9740372A1 WO 1997040372 A1 WO1997040372 A1 WO 1997040372A1 EP 9702071 W EP9702071 W EP 9702071W WO 9740372 A1 WO9740372 A1 WO 9740372A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipeline
concrete
speed
probe means
ray
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/002071
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Giorgio Moretti
Gianfranco Venturino
Original Assignee
Cifa S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cifa S.P.A. filed Critical Cifa S.P.A.
Priority to JP53775297A priority Critical patent/JP2001515586A/en
Priority to BR9708741-6A priority patent/BR9708741A/en
Priority to AU27690/97A priority patent/AU712742B2/en
Priority to NZ332504A priority patent/NZ332504A/en
Priority to EP97921721A priority patent/EP0900373A1/en
Publication of WO1997040372A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997040372A1/en
Priority to NO984954A priority patent/NO984954L/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/024—Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/024—Mixtures
    • G01N2291/02416—Solids in liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a device to detect the speed profile of concrete inside a pipeline with radial symmetry through which said concrete is caused to flow.
  • the present invention faces and solves this problem by supplying a device to detect the speed profile of concrete inside a pipeline with ra ⁇ dial symmetry, through which the concrete is caused to flow.
  • Said device - of the type comprising acoustical probe means, apt to send through said pipeline, and the concrete flowing therein, a supersonic ray inclined in respect of the pipeline axis, and to receive a disturbed supersonic ray in response, as well as an electronic circuit, apt to analyse the signals sent by said probe means and obtain therefrom a diagram showing the speed profile of the concrete - is characterized in that, said probe means make use of a supersonic ray of frequency between 20 and 500 KHz, and in that said electronic circuit processes the signals sent by the probe means, indicating the speed, with an updating frequency from 10 to 70 times per second, and deprives said signals from their components derived from the propagation rate in the concrete, to obtain a measurement of the speed along the acoustical axis, which is not relative and has its own
  • Said detection device allows to display said speed measurements as a speed profile. Moreover, it allows measuring the flow rate, as a speed integral on the section area, and it also allows viscosity measurements as first derivatives of the speed in the space, as well as granulometry and density measurements through a statistical analysis of a packet of speed profiles.
  • probe means wherein the transmitting and receiving probes coincide.
  • probe means shall be applied on said pipeline so that the supersonic ray, of which use is made, is inclined by 15° to 75° in respect of the pipeline axis.
  • Fig. 1 represents a block diagram of the detection device according to the invention
  • Figs. 2 and 2A are diagrams illustrating, in two orthogonal sections, the application of the acoustical probe, forming part of the detection device of fig. 1, to a pipeline for concrete distribution;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the propagation, in said pipeline, of the super ⁇ sonic ray emitted by said probe into the various concrete components crossed by said ray;
  • Fig. 4 represents an example of speed profile of the concrete caused to flow into a distribution pipeline, such as it is displayed in the detection device according to the invention.
  • the detection device is of the type making use of a supersonic ray r_ (figs. 3 and 2), of frequency between 20 and 500 KHz, sent across the concrete flowing through a pipeline C; said device operates by detecting the disturbance appearing on the ray _r_
  • the detection device is applied on the pipeline C so that the su ⁇ personic ray, of which use is made, is inclined by 15° to 75° in respect of the axis of said pipeline (fig. 2).
  • said device consists of a transmitting probe 1 , which sends the supersonic ray _r suitably inclined towards the pipeline C through which the concrete flows, so as to cross this latter and be dis ⁇ turbed and propagated thereby, of a receiving probe 2, which collects the disturbed ray _r emerging from the pipeline C, and of a reception circuit to which are fed signals produced by the receiving probe 2.
  • the receiving probe 2 is positioned on the same plane as the transmitting probe 1 , for ⁇ ming any angle OC therewith (see fig. 2A), and it may also coincide - it is preferably caused to coincide (as shown in fig. 2), with advantages as far as costs and simplicity of the device - with the transmitting probe.
  • the signals sent by the receiving probe 2 are amplified by a logarithmic amplifier 3 > with a gain which varies according to time, that is, to the distances of the propagation points from which the signals are issued.
  • the amplified signals are sent to a wattless decomposition circuit 4: this is a simple circuit (preferably, a very cheap RC unit) which re ⁇ covers the real part and the imaginary part of the signals, sending them separately to the shunting circuits 5 and 6, which are controlled by a sampling circuit 7- In the shunting circuits 5 and 6 (preferably, two simple and economic digital shunts) the real and imaginary parts of the signals are shunted.
  • the shunting time base of the shunts 5 and 6 is chosen so that, to each instant there corresponds a position in space of the echo-signal advancing in the pipeline C: one thereby analyses, so as to be able to obtain the desired profile, the concrete mass moving into the pipeline C, section by section, along the axis of the supersonic ray and at preset distances from the sampling interval.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates, by way of example, a series of sections s.
  • the signal issued by the shunting circuit 5 is multiplied by the signal issued by the shunting circuit 6 and is sent to the correlator 9, while the signal issued by the shunting circuit 6 is changed of sign, is multiplied by the signal issued by the shunting circuit 5 and is then sent to the correlator 8.
  • the correlators 8 and 9 are controlled by the sampling circuit 7- In said circuits, the real and imaginary parts of the signals of each section are correlated so that it may be possible to recover the speed, along the axis of the supersonic ray, of the particles in each section.
  • the processing should occur with an updating frequency by the sampling circuit 7 of at least 10 to 70 times per second, taking into account the characteristics of very high dishomogeneity of the concrete, and the fact that concrete is usually distributed with an alternative pump, with consequent irregu ⁇ larities in its feeding motion.
  • Said processor then joins again the real and imaginary parts of the signals, performing also a filtering operation, and it provides to draw from the speed values (each with its own sign) the desired profile, which is thus evidenced onto a display, as illustrated by way of example in fig. 4 (where v ⁇ indicates the speed - ordinates - and cl represents - abscissae - the diamater of the pipeline C, through which the concrete is caused to flow).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

A device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing through a pipeline with radial symmetry comprises acoustical probe means, apt to send through said pipeline and the concrete a supersonic ray inclined in respect of the pipeline axis and to receive a disturbed supersonic ray in response, as well as an electronic circuit apt to analyse the signals sent by said probe means and obtain therefrom a diagram showing the speed profile of the concrete. According to the invention, said probe means make use of a supersonic ray of frequency between 20 and 500 KHz, and said electronic circuit processes the signals sent by the probe means, indicating the speed, with an updating frequency from 10 to 70 times per second and deprives said signals from their components derived from the propagation rate in the concrete, to obtain a measurement of the speed along the acoustical axis, which is not relative and has its own sign.

Description

"DEVICE TO DETECT THE SPEED PROFILE OF CONCRETE FLOWING INTO A PIPELINE"
===o0o===
The present invention concerns a device to detect the speed profile of concrete inside a pipeline with radial symmetry through which said concrete is caused to flow.
There are already known to be processes and devices to detect the speed profile of heterogeneous fluid mixtures flowing through ducts. Such processes and devices have generally been developed in the medical and biological field, for organic and/or physiological liquids of limited density and low viscosity - as, for example, blood - the dishomogeneities of which have dimensions of several magnitude orders below the size of the ducts through which they flow, which are of small or very small dimensions.
Whereas, the problem had never been faced to detect the speed pro¬ file of fluids having a high density and a very high viscosity, such as concrete, the dishomogeneities of which have dimensions of the same mag¬ nitude order as those of the ducts - always pipelines of wide diameter - through which they flow.
The present invention faces and solves this problem by supplying a device to detect the speed profile of concrete inside a pipeline with ra¬ dial symmetry, through which the concrete is caused to flow. Said device - of the type comprising acoustical probe means, apt to send through said pipeline, and the concrete flowing therein, a supersonic ray inclined in respect of the pipeline axis, and to receive a disturbed supersonic ray in response, as well as an electronic circuit, apt to analyse the signals sent by said probe means and obtain therefrom a diagram showing the speed profile of the concrete - is characterized in that, said probe means make use of a supersonic ray of frequency between 20 and 500 KHz, and in that said electronic circuit processes the signals sent by the probe means, indicating the speed, with an updating frequency from 10 to 70 times per second, and deprives said signals from their components derived from the propagation rate in the concrete, to obtain a measurement of the speed along the acoustical axis, which is not relative and has its own sign.
Said detection device allows to display said speed measurements as a speed profile. Moreover, it allows measuring the flow rate, as a speed integral on the section area, and it also allows viscosity measurements as first derivatives of the speed in the space, as well as granulometry and density measurements through a statistical analysis of a packet of speed profiles.
For economical reasons and to simplify construction and operation it is usually convenient to adopt, in the detection device according to the invention, probe means wherein the transmitting and receiving probes coincide. Suitably, such probe means shall be applied on said pipeline so that the supersonic ray, of which use is made, is inclined by 15° to 75° in respect of the pipeline axis.
The invention will now be described in further detail with referen¬ ce to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the detection device defined heretofore, and in which:
Fig. 1 represents a block diagram of the detection device according to the invention;
Figs. 2 and 2A are diagrams illustrating, in two orthogonal sections, the application of the acoustical probe, forming part of the detection device of fig. 1, to a pipeline for concrete distribution;
Fig. 3 illustrates the propagation, in said pipeline, of the super¬ sonic ray emitted by said probe into the various concrete components crossed by said ray; and
Fig. 4 represents an example of speed profile of the concrete caused to flow into a distribution pipeline, such as it is displayed in the detection device according to the invention.
With reference to the drawings, the detection device according to the invention is of the type making use of a supersonic ray r_ (figs. 3 and 2), of frequency between 20 and 500 KHz, sent across the concrete flowing through a pipeline C; said device operates by detecting the disturbance appearing on the ray _r_|_ of response (figs. 1 and 2A) , in function of the irregularities deriving from the heterogeneous composi¬ tion of the concrete, which influence the propagation of said ray r' .
The detection device is applied on the pipeline C so that the su¬ personic ray, of which use is made, is inclined by 15° to 75° in respect of the axis of said pipeline (fig. 2).
As shown in fig. 1 , said device consists of a transmitting probe 1 , which sends the supersonic ray _r suitably inclined towards the pipeline C through which the concrete flows, so as to cross this latter and be dis¬ turbed and propagated thereby, of a receiving probe 2, which collects the disturbed ray _r emerging from the pipeline C, and of a reception circuit to which are fed signals produced by the receiving probe 2. The receiving probe 2 is positioned on the same plane as the transmitting probe 1 , for¬ ming any angle OC therewith (see fig. 2A), and it may also coincide - it is preferably caused to coincide (as shown in fig. 2), with advantages as far as costs and simplicity of the device - with the transmitting probe.
In the reception circuit, the signals sent by the receiving probe 2 are amplified by a logarithmic amplifier 3> with a gain which varies according to time, that is, to the distances of the propagation points from which the signals are issued.
The amplified signals are sent to a wattless decomposition circuit 4: this is a simple circuit (preferably, a very cheap RC unit) which re¬ covers the real part and the imaginary part of the signals, sending them separately to the shunting circuits 5 and 6, which are controlled by a sampling circuit 7- In the shunting circuits 5 and 6 (preferably, two simple and economic digital shunts) the real and imaginary parts of the signals are shunted. The shunting time base of the shunts 5 and 6 is chosen so that, to each instant there corresponds a position in space of the echo-signal advancing in the pipeline C: one thereby analyses, so as to be able to obtain the desired profile, the concrete mass moving into the pipeline C, section by section, along the axis of the supersonic ray and at preset distances from the sampling interval. Fig. 2 illustrates, by way of example, a series of sections s. The signal issued by the shunting circuit 5 is multiplied by the signal issued by the shunting circuit 6 and is sent to the correlator 9, while the signal issued by the shunting circuit 6 is changed of sign, is multiplied by the signal issued by the shunting circuit 5 and is then sent to the correlator 8. The correlators 8 and 9 are controlled by the sampling circuit 7- In said circuits, the real and imaginary parts of the signals of each section are correlated so that it may be possible to recover the speed, along the axis of the supersonic ray, of the particles in each section. By identifying the walls of the pipeline as the sections which, by definition, are speedless, it is possible to render the measu¬ rement independent from the speed of propagation in the concrete (the particular concrete in the special conditions in which it is while flow¬ ing into the pipeline C) and from the refraction angle of the supersonic ray in the pipeline wall-concrete passage (see fig. 3). and to obtain an absolute measurement (and not a relative one, as it happened in the known detection devices used in the medical and biological field) of the speed in each section (each measurement with its own sign). The processing should occur with an updating frequency by the sampling circuit 7 of at least 10 to 70 times per second, taking into account the characteristics of very high dishomogeneity of the concrete, and the fact that concrete is usually distributed with an alternative pump, with consequent irregu¬ larities in its feeding motion.
In the correlation circuits a mean operation is thus carried out. allowing to clear from the noise the single signals before sending them to the processor 10 of the reception circuit.
Said processor then joins again the real and imaginary parts of the signals, performing also a filtering operation, and it provides to draw from the speed values (each with its own sign) the desired profile, which is thus evidenced onto a display, as illustrated by way of example in fig. 4 (where v^ indicates the speed - ordinates - and cl represents - abscissae - the diamater of the pipeline C, through which the concrete is caused to flow). Once having recovered the speed values in each section, with the same processor 10 it is also possible to determine, through ordinary electronic computation processes, the flow rate (as speed integral on the section area), the viscosity (as derivative of the speed in the space), and the granulometry (by a statistical analysis of a packet of speed profiles) of the concrete flowing into the pipeline C.
The possibility to determine all these physical quantities finally allows to guarantee a certification to the concrete fed through a pipe¬ line C equipped with the detection device of the present invention.

Claims

1 ) Device to detect the speed profile of concrete inside a pipeline with radial symmetry through which the concrete is caused to flow - of the type comprising acoustical probe means, apt to send through said pipeline, and the concrete flowing therein, a supersonic ray inclined in respect of the pipeline axis, and to receive a disturbed supersonic ray in response, as well as an electronic circuit, apt to analyse the signals sent by said probe means and obtain therefrom a diagram showing the speed profile of the concrete - characterized in that, said probe means make use of a supersonic ray of frequency between 20 and 500 KHz, and in that said electronic circuit processes the signals sent by the probe means, indicating the speed, with an updating frequency from 10 to 70 times per second, and deprives said signals from their components derived from the propagation rate in the concrete, to obtain a measurement of the speed along the acoustical axis, which is not relative and has its own sign.
2) Device as in claim 1), wherein said speed measurements are displayed as a speed profile.
3) Device as in claims 1 ) and 2) , wherein the flow rate is measured as a speed integral on the section area.
4) Device as in claims l) to 3)> wherein viscosity measurements are obtained as first derivatives of the speed in the space.
5) Device as in claims 1) to 4), wherein granulometry and density measurements are obtained through a statistical analysis of a packet of speed profiles.
6) Device as in claims l) to 5), wherein probe means are adopted, in which the transmitting and receiving probes coincide.
7) Device as in claims l) to 6), wherein said probe means are ap¬ plied on said pipeline so that the supersonic ray, of which use is made, is inclined by 15° to 75° in respect of the pipeline axis.
8) Device as in claims 1) to 7)> wherein a certification of the concrete fed through said pipeline is obtained.
PCT/EP1997/002071 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline WO1997040372A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53775297A JP2001515586A (en) 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 A device to detect the velocity distribution of concrete flowing in a transportation pipeline
BR9708741-6A BR9708741A (en) 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 Device to detect the velocity profile of concrete within a channel with radial symmetry
AU27690/97A AU712742B2 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline
NZ332504A NZ332504A (en) 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline
EP97921721A EP0900373A1 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline
NO984954A NO984954L (en) 1996-04-24 1998-10-23 Apparatus for measuring motion profiles in a mass conveyed in a pipeline

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT96MI000812A IT1282125B1 (en) 1996-04-24 1996-04-24 DEVICE FOR DETECTION OF THE SPEED PROFILE OF CONCRETE MOVING IN A DUCT.
ITMI96A000812 1996-04-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997040372A1 true WO1997040372A1 (en) 1997-10-30

Family

ID=11374110

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1997/002071 WO1997040372A1 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-04-23 Device to detect the speed profile of concrete flowing into a pipeline

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0900373A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001515586A (en)
KR (1) KR20000010637A (en)
CN (1) CN1219237A (en)
AU (1) AU712742B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9708741A (en)
CA (1) CA2252724A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1282125B1 (en)
NO (1) NO984954L (en)
NZ (1) NZ332504A (en)
TR (1) TR199802142T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997040372A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103323323A (en) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-25 河海大学 Establishing method of concrete breaking strength prediction model considering loading rate influence

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2647184A1 (en) * 1976-10-19 1978-04-20 Krylova Control method for physical characteristics of fluid medium - is by transmission of ultrasonic vibrations through pipe wall at angle given by specified relationship
CH669463A5 (en) * 1985-03-21 1989-03-15 Walter Guggenbuehl Prof Dr Gas flow and temp. measuring device - uses ultrasonic pulses transmitted simultaneously in opposite directions at angle to gas flow
EP0352203A2 (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-24 Pluess Staufer Ag Method and apparatus for simultaneously measuring in a pipe the density, the concentration, the flowing rate, the delivery and the temperature of a liquid or a pasty fluid by ultrasonic transmission

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2647184A1 (en) * 1976-10-19 1978-04-20 Krylova Control method for physical characteristics of fluid medium - is by transmission of ultrasonic vibrations through pipe wall at angle given by specified relationship
CH669463A5 (en) * 1985-03-21 1989-03-15 Walter Guggenbuehl Prof Dr Gas flow and temp. measuring device - uses ultrasonic pulses transmitted simultaneously in opposite directions at angle to gas flow
EP0352203A2 (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-24 Pluess Staufer Ag Method and apparatus for simultaneously measuring in a pipe the density, the concentration, the flowing rate, the delivery and the temperature of a liquid or a pasty fluid by ultrasonic transmission

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BRAUN H ET AL: "TOMOGRAPHISCHE STROEMUNGSMESSUNG", TECHNISCHES MESSEN TM 1982 - 1988 INCOMPLETE, vol. 59, no. 10, 1 October 1992 (1992-10-01), pages 408 - 417, XP000316176 *
SAYERS C M ET AL: "ULTRASONIC PROPAGATION THROUGH HYDRATING CEMENTS", ULTRASONICS, vol. 31, no. 3, 1 January 1993 (1993-01-01), pages 147 - 153, XP000365295 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103323323A (en) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-25 河海大学 Establishing method of concrete breaking strength prediction model considering loading rate influence

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ332504A (en) 2000-04-28
AU712742B2 (en) 1999-11-18
IT1282125B1 (en) 1998-03-12
TR199802142T2 (en) 1999-02-22
CN1219237A (en) 1999-06-09
ITMI960812A1 (en) 1997-10-24
ITMI960812A0 (en) 1996-04-24
NO984954D0 (en) 1998-10-23
KR20000010637A (en) 2000-02-25
BR9708741A (en) 2000-01-04
CA2252724A1 (en) 1997-10-30
JP2001515586A (en) 2001-09-18
NO984954L (en) 1998-12-11
AU2769097A (en) 1997-11-12
EP0900373A1 (en) 1999-03-10

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