WO1997036538A1 - Erkennung von störsignalen bei der pulsoxymetrischen messung - Google Patents
Erkennung von störsignalen bei der pulsoxymetrischen messung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997036538A1 WO1997036538A1 PCT/CH1997/000125 CH9700125W WO9736538A1 WO 1997036538 A1 WO1997036538 A1 WO 1997036538A1 CH 9700125 W CH9700125 W CH 9700125W WO 9736538 A1 WO9736538 A1 WO 9736538A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- measurement
- photodiodes
- pulse
- light
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002106 pulse oximetry Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101150080307 ACB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ONTQJDKFANPPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl3185981 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC1=CC(C)=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1N=NC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1O ONTQJDKFANPPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001020 rhythmical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
- A61B5/02427—Details of sensor
- A61B5/02433—Details of sensor for infrared radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
- A61B5/02422—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation within occluders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the detection of disturbance signals caused by movements of the patient or his surroundings in the pulse oximetric measurement of arterial oxygen saturation and a pulse oximeter for carrying out the method.
- two light-emitting diodes with wavelengths of approximately 660 nm (red) and approximately 890 nm (infrared) are generally used as light sources.
- the light emitted by the two LEDs is directed into a well-supplied part of the body (for example the fingertip) and is scattered and partially absorbed there.
- the emerging light is measured with a photodiode, which is generally arranged opposite the LED.
- the LED and the photodiode are usually integrated in a unit which is referred to as a pulse oximetric sensor.
- the separate measurement of red and infrared light with just one
- the photodiode is made possible by using alternating light pulses of the two wavelengths, which are separately measured and evaluated.
- the light of both wavelengths measured by the photodiode consists of a stationary and a time-dependent component.
- the stationary component is essentially determined by absorption by bones, tissue, skin and non-pulsating blood.
- the time-dependent component is caused by changes in absorption in the measurement object, which ideally are caused only by the arterial blood flowing in in a pulsed manner.
- the stationary components (DC R , DCI R ) and the time-dependent components (AC R , AC IR ) of the measured red (R) and infra-red ⁇ IR) light intensities are used to determine the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ).
- Usually arterial oxygen saturation is related to the relationship
- f represents an empirically determined function
- a problem with pulse oximetry measurement that has not yet been satisfactorily solved is that disturbances in the measurement signals, which are caused by movements of the patient or his surroundings, cannot be completely eliminated. Such disturbances are particularly critical when they occur periodically, because in this case they can lead to incorrect measurement results under certain conditions. Since the frequency distribution of motion artifacts can overlap that of the physiological signal, conventional bandpass filters or selective filters are not suitable for reliably separating motion artifacts from the physiological signal. Adaptive filter techniques, such as the method of adaptive Interference frequency suppression cannot be applied directly to pulse oximetry, since these assume that either the interference frequencies or the physiological signals have predictable frequency characteristics. This requirement does not apply to movement artifacts or pulse rate. The latter can be highly variable, particularly in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
- the invention has for its object to provide an improved method for differentiated signal acquisition for pulse oximetric measurements, which enables detection of the interference signals caused by movements, and which does not have the disadvantages and limitations of the known methods.
- a device is used as the pulse oximetric sensor, in which two or more photodiodes are used to measure the light intensities instead of usually one photodiode.
- the photodiodes are arranged opposite the red and infrared LEDs.
- One embodiment of such a sensor is in the form of a clip that is suitable for attachment to a finger.
- the red and infrared LEDs are in one bracket leg built-in, whose light is radiated into the fingertip. Opposite them in the other leg of the bracket are two side-by-side photo diodes. The light emitted by the LEDs is scattered several times in the fingertip, partly absorbed and partly scattered.
- the light received by the photodiodes consists of a stationary and a time-dependent component caused by blood pulsations. In the case of movements of the patient or his surroundings, which are transferred to the measuring point, this results in a further time-dependent component.
- the signals Si and S 2 (light intensities) measured at the two photodiodes 1 and 2 are therefore composed as follows:
- DCi and DC 2 are the stationary signal components, ie those light intensities that would be measured in the complete absence of blood pulsations and movement artifacts.
- ACpi or ACp 2 are the signal components caused by blood pulsations and
- AC B ⁇ or ACB2 are the signal components caused by movements.
- Si and S 2 measured at the two photodiodes are very similar in the absence of motion artifacts. In the case of movements, however, there are very clear differences between them. In order to record these differences, Si and S 2 are first normalized to an approximately equal amplitude, which is expediently carried out by dividing by the respective DC values:
- ⁇ S n p are the components of the difference signal caused by pulsations and ⁇ S ⁇ B are the components caused by movements.
- the changes in the measurement object caused by blood pulsations generate almost identical signals at the two adjacent photodiodes. This can be explained by the fact that the red and infrared light is scattered extensively in the measurement object and therefore the tissue of the fingertip is illuminated evenly.
- the changes in the optical properties of the measuring object caused by blood pulsations therefore have a symmetrical effect on both measuring points.
- the changes in the optical properties of the measurement object caused by movements have different effects.
- significant fluctuations in the difference signal ⁇ S n can be determined, which are synchronized with the movements.
- the difference signal ⁇ S n thus proves to be an extremely sensitive indicator for the detection of various types of movement artifacts, ie regardless of whether these are caused by the patient himself, by external influences on the sensor and the cable or by other external influences.
- periodic movement artifacts can be recognized, even if they occur at a frequency that is close to the pulse frequency or is even identical to it.
- the advantages achieved with the method according to the invention are that for the first time a technically easy to implement, inexpensive, sensitive and reliable method for detecting movement artifacts during pulse oximetric measurements is available.
- the construction of a pulse oximetric sensor with two or more photodiodes differs only insignificantly from the constructions which have been used up to now, since the same optical components are used. It is not necessary to use a separate measurement sensor for the detection of movements, as is proposed in the above-mentioned US Pat. Nos. 5,226,417 and 5,025,791.
- the signal processing is extremely simple and can be based on the methods currently used in pulse oximetry.
- the method can be used at any of the measuring points customary for pulse oximetry.
- the detection of movement artifacts with the aid of the method according to the invention makes it possible to take various suitable measures.
- the interference signals determined from the difference signal ⁇ S n can be analyzed, processed and separated from the measured signal using known methods of analog or digital electronics, which are not dealt with here.
- the purified physiological signal obtained in this way permits a more precise and reliable determination of the arterial oxygen saturation.
- an alarm message can be triggered, which causes the user of the pulse oximeter to eliminate the causes of the faults. It is also possible to compare the amplitude of the interference signal with that of the physiological signal and to trigger an alarm message from a certain ratio of these two values or to no longer display the measurement result.
- FIGS. 1A-1C schematic views of a pulse oximetric sensor for measurements on the finger
- FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram of the circuit parts of a pulse oximeter essential to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows an example of light intensity curve curves processed according to the invention.
- the sensor 1 shown in FIG. 1A has the shape of a clip which is attached to a finger 2.
- a red 4 and an infrared 5 LED In the support surface 3 of the upper leg of the clamp there are a red 4 and an infrared 5 LED, the light of which shines into the fingerberry.
- the contact surface 6 of the opposite leg of the clamp contains two photodiodes 7 and 8 for measuring the transmitted light.
- the four components 4, 5, 7 and 8 are connected via a cable 9 to the control and evaluation part of the pulse oximeter.
- Figures IB and IC each show a view of the support surfaces 3 and 6 in order to clarify the positions of the LED and the photodiodes.
- the LEDs 4 and 5 are installed at the smallest possible distance (approx. 1 to 2 mm) along the center line of the contact surface 3, which corresponds approximately to the center line of the finger.
- the photodiodes 7 and 8 are arranged obliquely offset to the center line of the support surface 6.
- the distance between the photodiodes can be about 1 to 10 mm, depending on their size and the size of the sensor.
- the idea according to the invention consists in recognizing the changes in the optical properties of the measurement object caused by movements due to their unequal effects on two adjacent measurement points. Depending on the type of movement, such changes can have more of an effect in the direction of the finger center line or perpendicular to it. With the aid of the arrangement of the photodiodes, which is offset diagonally to the finger center line, changes in both directions can thus be detected.
- FIG. 2 shows a simplified functional diagram of those circuit parts that are required to determine the difference signal ⁇ S n .
- all circuit elements that are not directly important for understanding the method according to the invention are not shown separately, but rather are summarized schematically in the electronics unit 10.
- the red and infrared LEDs 4 and 5 of the sensor 1 are controlled via the electronics unit 10 and the multiplexer 11 in such a way that alternating light pulses of both wavelengths are generated.
- the signals Si and S 2 obtained at the photodiodes 7 and 8 of the sensor 1 each consist, as described above (see equation 2), of a DC component (DCi, DC 2 ), a first AC component, which is caused by blood pulsations is (ACpi, ACp 2 ), and a second AC component, which is caused by movements (ACBI, ACB2) •
- DCi DC component
- ACpi AC component
- ACBI ACBI
- Sx and S 2 are initially logarithmized using amplifiers 12 and 13.
- the DC components of the logarithmic signals are then removed by means of the high-pass filters 14 and 15.
- the high-pass filtering of the logarithmic signal Sj can be described mathematically as follows:
- S ln is defined by Equation 3. As the AC components of the signal are generally much smaller than the DC component, ie, there is
- circuits instead of the circuit concept described here, other circuits can also be used, provided that they are suitable for determining the normalized difference signal ⁇ S n according to the above definition or a size equivalent to this. So come z.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a measurement result that was obtained in the absence and presence of movement artifacts.
- a single short disturbance occurs due to a movement of the sensor.
- Periodic disturbances occur during the time intervals B and C, which were caused by fast (B) and slow (C) rhythmic movements of the measuring point (fingers).
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- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/155,586 US6181959B1 (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-03-26 | Detection of parasitic signals during pulsoxymetric measurement |
EP97906973A EP0892617B1 (de) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-03-26 | Erkennung von störsignalen bei der pulsoxymetrischen messung |
JP53477297A JP3789487B2 (ja) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-03-26 | パルス酸素濃度測定における偽信号の検出方法 |
DE59704665T DE59704665D1 (de) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-03-26 | Erkennung von störsignalen bei der pulsoxymetrischen messung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH846/96 | 1996-04-01 | ||
CH84696 | 1996-04-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997036538A1 true WO1997036538A1 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
Family
ID=4196579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH1997/000125 WO1997036538A1 (de) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-03-26 | Erkennung von störsignalen bei der pulsoxymetrischen messung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6181959B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0892617B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3789487B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59704665D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2162672T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997036538A1 (de) |
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DE102008002747B4 (de) * | 2008-06-27 | 2014-02-13 | CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik und Photovoltaik GmbH | Ohrsensor |
US8965473B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2015-02-24 | Covidien Lp | Medical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the same |
DE102014117879A1 (de) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Pulsoxymetrie-Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Pulsoxymetrie-Vorrichtung |
US10660552B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-05-26 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Detection device and detection method |
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- 1997-03-26 DE DE59704665T patent/DE59704665D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-26 US US09/155,586 patent/US6181959B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002540879A (ja) * | 1999-04-14 | 2002-12-03 | マリンクロッド・インコーポレイテッド | 生理学的測定結果の品質および精度を示すための方法および回路 |
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US8965473B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2015-02-24 | Covidien Lp | Medical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the same |
DE102008002747B4 (de) * | 2008-06-27 | 2014-02-13 | CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik und Photovoltaik GmbH | Ohrsensor |
DE102014117879A1 (de) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Pulsoxymetrie-Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Pulsoxymetrie-Vorrichtung |
US10485465B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2019-11-26 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Pulse oximetry device and method of operating a pulse oximetry device |
US10660552B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-05-26 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Detection device and detection method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6181959B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
JP3789487B2 (ja) | 2006-06-21 |
EP0892617A1 (de) | 1999-01-27 |
EP0892617B1 (de) | 2001-09-19 |
ES2162672T3 (es) | 2002-01-01 |
JP2000507465A (ja) | 2000-06-20 |
DE59704665D1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
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