WO1997034487A1

WO1997034487A1 - Plant growing material, process for producing the plant growing material, and method of growing plants using the plant growing material

Info

Publication number: WO1997034487A1
Application number: PCT/JP1997/000979
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tetsuro Tojo; Minehiro Kamiyama; Osamu Yoshimoto
Original assignee: Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1996-03-21
Filing date: 1997-03-19
Publication date: 1997-09-25
Also published as: TW344646B; JP3990457B2; AU1945197A

Abstract

A plant growing material containing a group of chemical species having a mass number of 1,000-10,000 per electric charge. This plant growing material has a function of decreasing the ionic valence of iron ions of cytochrome c by one-electron reduction from three to two and significantly promotes growth of plants. A method of producing the plant growing material including the step of performing water electrolysis using a carbon electrode. Performing electrolysis of water using a carbon electrode produces a material promoting growth of plants (plant growing material) as well as carbon dioxide at an anode. A method of growing plants using the plant growing material including the step of spraying onto leaves or supplies water containing the plant growing material to culture the plants. The method promotes the growth of plants significantly.

Description

Description: Plant breeding substance, method for producing the same, and plant cultivation method using the growing substance

The present invention relates to a plant breeding substance for promoting plant cultivation, such as agricultural plants, terrestrial plants such as trees, aquatic plants such as aquatic plants, and cultivation of plant cells, a method for producing the cultivated substance, and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a method of growing plants. Background art

Plant hormonal agents are conventionally known as substances that promote plant growth, but when this phytohormonal agent is applied to plants, growth, flower bud formation, etc. are promoted, but the effect is not sustained It also causes adverse effects such as malformation and is not generally preferred.

On the other hand, the present inventors believe that irrespective of the above-mentioned phytohormonal agent, dissolving carbon dioxide in water and supplying it to plants will activate photosynthesis and have a breeding effect. Research and research on the breeding effect of water, and to date, a technology to electrolyze water using a carbon electrode, thereby dissolving carbon dioxide efficiently in water, and cultivating plants that use the water Developing technologies, etc. and applying the development results to Japanese Patent Application No. 6-257698, "Method of Plant Growth", Japanese Patent Application No. 6-257697, "Method of Manufacturing Carbon Dioxide Solution for Plant Growth", Japanese Patent Application No. No. 341042, "Supply device for carbon dioxide solution for plant growth", and Japanese Patent Application No. 7-143845, "Supply device for carbon dioxide solution for plant growth".

However, in the process of plant growth research by supplying dissolved carbon dioxide as described above, the present inventors cannot easily explain by simply increasing the photosynthetic reaction due to dissolved carbon dioxide when using the method and apparatus already proposed. Plant growth was observed. It The conventional method is to supply dissolved carbon dioxide by dissolving carbon dioxide gas such as a gas cylinder in water by gas-liquid contact, or to use the same amount of carbon dioxide gas as dissolved in water. The cultivation of plants is extremely remarkable compared to the case of supply.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation technique capable of cultivating a plant while at the same time elucidating the cause of the remarkable growth of the plant described above. Disclosure of the invention

The plant-growing substance of the present invention comprises a group of chemical species having a mass number per charge of 1,000 to 10,000. This plant-growing substance was found as a result of the present inventors' research on the water electrolyzed using a carbon electrode, in order to investigate the cause of the above-mentioned plant growth. When water is electrolyzed using a carbon electrode, in addition to the generation of carbon dioxide at the anode, the presence of a product is found, and the product promotes plant growth as described below ( (Hereinafter referred to as plant growth substance).

The above-mentioned plant-growing substance is measured by laser ionization TOF-MS (TOF-MS is an abbreviation of Time Of Filt ght-Mass Spectrometer, a laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer). ) Was found to have a main peak near 1000 ~ 100OOOMassZCharge (hereinafter abbreviated as M / C). Figure 1 shows the distribution. According to Fig. 1, the largest peak is around 2600MZC. Figure 1 shows a graph of relative comparison with the intensity set to 100. The second peak is near 3700MZ C and the third peak is near 6100MZ C. This profile changes with the electrolysis time. The distribution of the peak indicated by MZC spreads around 1000-10000 M / C, and there is almost no thing larger than 10,000 MZC. Laser-ionized T〇F-MS is a technique of flying a molecule ionized by a laser by applying a constant voltage and measuring the time it takes to reach a detector. Is measured. The mass per charge is expressed by the relational expression of voltage, flight distance, and arrival time as follows. That, however MZ C = ² YX t 2 Z ^2, where, M is the mass of the ion, C is the charge of the ion, V is the potential difference (V), t is the time to reach the detector (s), L Represents the flight distance (in).

It has also been found that the plant-growing substance reduces iron ions of cytochrome c from trivalent to divalent by a one-electron reduction reaction. One-electron reduced form of cytochrome c has an absorption increase at 550 nm. It was found that the plant-growing substance reduced cytochrome c, the absorption at 550 nm increased over time, and there was an isosbestic point. FIG. 2 shows the change over time in the absorption curve.

The plant growing substance is a chemically extremely stable substance. Figure 3 shows the change over time in the absorption at 550 nm. 24 hours after the addition of cytochrome c, the reaction is approaching convergence.

After 24 hours from the addition of cytochrome c, the reaction was considered to be concentrated, and the stability of the plant-growing substance was tested. Using a carbon electrode, water was electrolyzed to produce the plant-growing substance according to the present invention. After completion of the electrolysis, the dispersed water was stored in a dark room at room temperature. The dispersed water was collected every 24 hours, and cytochrome c was added to react. After 24 hours, the absorption intensity at 550 nm was measured. The measurement conditions were the same as in Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows the results. As is clear from Fig. 4, it was confirmed that it was stable for 7 days.

It was also found by electrophoresis that the whole plant molecule had a uniform negative charge. The term “homogeneous negative charge” as used herein means that the grown substance shows a band-like migration in the direction of the positive electrode when measured by the gel electrophoresis method.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-305921 describes that active oxygen groups are generated by electrolysis of water and applied to plants to enhance the physiological activity of the plants. Since the plant-growing substance according to the present invention is generated by electrolysis of water, active oxygen groups may be generated in the present system. Therefore, in order to confirm this, the active oxygen group was

ESR (electron spin resonance) spectra were measured. ESR signals of substances with unpaired electrons, such as radicals, active oxygen, and superoxide, were not detected in the spectrum. In addition, the presence of an active oxygen group was confirmed using a method in which active oxygen was converted to hydrogen peroxide using catalase and measurement was performed using an oxygen electrode, but no oxidation current of hydrogen peroxide was detected. From these facts, in the system of the present invention, there was no active oxygen group, and there was no involvement in growing plants. In addition, it was confirmed that a saturated amount of oxygen was dissolved in the system of the present invention at room temperature (about 20 ° C.) using the reagent of Tetra. In general, it is known that carbon dioxide is absorbed from the leaves of plants and activates photosynthesis, and dissolved oxygen is absorbed from roots and mainly promotes root growth, contributing to plant growth. The growth of the plant, which will be described in the examples of the present invention, which will be described later, is extremely remarkable in comparison with the effect of the detected dissolved carbon dioxide or dissolved oxygen, and the presence of the above-mentioned plant growing substance It can be seen that the plant is remarkably grown by the method.

The electrode for generating the plant-growing substance according to the present invention by electrolysis of water may be any electrode mainly composed of carbon. In addition, the shape and structure of the electrode may be a solid monolithic material or a material in which a powder is placed in an ion-permeable container and a conducting wire is inserted. However, the electrode structure is not particularly limited. Furthermore, the crystal structure of carbon is not limited to carbonaceous, graphitic, and vitreous states. The electrode is preferably one that does not easily disintegrate, fall off, or become cloudy when electrolyzed in water.For example, as disclosed in JP-A-7-34280, 50 to 90 wt% of carbonaceous material and resin An electrode for electrolysis comprising a composition of 10 to 50 wt% of the cured product can be suitably used. The carbon electrode may be an anode alone, and the material of the cathode is not particularly limited. It should be noted that plant-growing substances are not produced on the platinum electrode, and probably not produced on electrode materials other than carbon-based electrodes. When producing the plant growth material according to the present invention using the electrode proposed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-34280, it is preferable that the current density is 10 mA or less. The reason is 10mA cnf When used at a current density exceeding the above, although the plant-growing substance according to the present invention is produced, the electrodes are greatly consumed and have a short life.

The water to be electrolyzed may be a water used for plant cultivation, such as agricultural water, river water, groundwater, well water, tap water, etc. The degree is preferably at least 0.1 lmS / m. The reason is that if the electric conductivity is less than 0.1 lmSZm, although the plant growth material according to the present invention is generated, the current does not easily flow and the output voltage of the electrolysis power supply becomes extremely high. It is not practical. If the electric conductivity is low, appropriate electrolytes that do not participate in the reaction in this electrolysis system as needed to increase the electric conductivity, such as various acids, carbonates, chlorides, sulfides, nitrates, and phosphorus Acid salts, etc. may be added. Since the plant-growing substance according to the present invention is also produced by an electrochemical reaction, the amount produced is considered to be proportional to the quantity of electricity according to Faraday's law.

By supplying water containing the plant-growing substance according to the present invention to terrestrial plants such as agricultural crops and trees, aquatic plants such as aquatic plants, and cell cultures such as cultivation of merrick, promotion of plant growth can be expected. The term “plant culture” as used in the present invention is used in a broad sense including cultivation of plants, cell culture of plants, and the like. The method of supplying to plants is not particularly limited. If it is a terrestrial plant, it can be used for foliar application and irrigation. Aquatic plants and cell cultures can be supplied to the surrounding water. Substances generally used for growing plants, such as chemicals and fertilizers, may be added and used.

When electrolyzed water containing the above plant-growing substance obtained by electrolyzing water using a carbon electrode was supplied to the plants described in Examples below, plant growth was significantly promoted. Although the physiological effects of plant-growing substances on plants have not been elucidated yet, plant-growing substances stimulate the tissues responsible for plant growth in some way to promote plant growth and prevent plant disease resistance. It is thought that it is to improve. In addition, electrolysis of water using a carbon electrode increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water, and as a result, the pH of the electrolyzed water becomes lower than that of the water before electrolysis. On the plant The appropriate pH value when exposed to water depends on the plant, but it is generally said that there is no problem up to a pH value of about 5. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the pH value of the electrolyzed water to a value larger than 5 and the pH value of normal water. The electrolyzed water of the present invention is not caused by sulfuric acid or nitric acid such as acid rain, which has recently become an environmental problem, but by carbonic acid (dissolved carbon dioxide). It is estimated to be much more minor. This is because sulfate and nitrate remain on the plant surface even after water evaporates without washing, whereas carbonic acid diffuses into the atmosphere as water evaporates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a mass number per charge of a plant-growing substance according to the present invention measured by TOF-MS. The relative comparison was made with the maximum peak being 100.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes over time in an absorbance curve obtained by adding cytochrome c to a plant-growing substance according to the present invention and taking a difference from a blank test.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change over time in the absorbance at 550 nm, which was obtained by adding cytochrome c to the plant-growing substance according to the present invention and taking the difference from the blank test. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the absorbance measured by storing the plant-growing substance of the present invention in a dark room at room temperature, collecting it every 24 hours, adding cytochrome c, and taking the difference from the blank test 24 hours later. It is. Hereinafter, the technique for growing plants according to the present invention will be described in detail based on examples thereof, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

(Example 1)

The test was performed on a variety called rose rotose.

First, 200 liters of tap water was placed in a synthetic resin container, and electrolyzed at 1.6 A for 18 hours using a carbon electrode proposed in JP-A-7-34280 for 18 hours. The presence of plant-growing substances was measured by laser ionization T〇F-MS (KRATOS KOMP ACT MALD I 3 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) once at the time of initial production. The measurement was performed by adding DHB (Di Hydroxy Benzoic acid) as a matrix to excite the sample, ionizing it with a laser, accelerating the generated cations at a constant voltage of 20 kV, and using a linear mass spectrometer. (In laser-ionization, by devising irradiation conditions, ionization becomes extremely soft, and even proteins such as proteins having a molecular weight of more than 100,000 can be ionized without decomposing molecules.) Then, one greenhouse The electrolyzed water was sprayed once a day (about 100 liters) on a leaf sprayer (about 250 tsubo) so that the leaf surface was covered with uniform water droplets. The test period was 35 days from late August. During the test, rain, cloudy, and pesticide sprays were not sprayed on the foliage to prevent the leaf from getting wet and causing disease or to prevent the pesticide from running off. As a result, the number of application was 21 times. On the other hand, as a comparative example, only spraying was performed with tap water in the adjacent greenhouse under the same conditions as in the example. The results are as follows. In the present invention example, the number of basal shoots (germination from the base) was as large as three on average, and the branch shoots (side branches from the branches) were thick and long. The average number of monkey shoots was as low as 0 to 1, and the branch shoots were thin and short. Also, the number of harvests was 30% higher than that of the comparative example in the present invention. Furthermore, the occurrence of powdery mildew was lower in the inventive examples than in the comparative examples.

(Example 2)

The test was carried out on a variety of Delphinium, Belladonna.

In the example of the present invention, 200 liters of well water was electrolyzed with OA for 24 hours using the carbon electrode proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-34280, and the plant growing substance was present in the electrolyzed water. Was measured and confirmed once using cytochrome c at the time of initial production. The measuring method followed the method described in "Active oxygen" (Kyoritsu Shuppan). Then warm The electrolyzed water was sprayed twice a day (approximately 40 liters Z times) on one building (about 80 tsubo) of the room with a fine mist device so that the leaf surface was covered with uniform water droplets. The test period was 48 days from the beginning of September. Foliar spraying was performed every day during the test period. As a result, the number of applications was 96. On the other hand, in the comparative example, only spraying was performed in the same greenhouse under the same conditions as in the example using well water. The results are as follows.

In the example of the present invention, the plant height was 78 cm, the number of nodes was 14, and the number of flowers was 25, whereas in the comparative example, the plant height was 61 cm, the number of nodes was 12, and the number of flowers was 19. In addition, the occurrence of powdery mildew was smaller in the inventive examples than in the comparative examples. (Example 3)

The test was conducted on the houseplant Dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia, Araceae).

In the example of the present invention, 200 liters of tap water was electrolyzed at 1.0 mm for 10 hours using a carbon electrode for 10 hours, and the presence of a plant-growing substance in the electrolyzed water was determined once at the time of initial production using agarose (agar). After measuring and confirming with a mini-gel electrophoresis method (ADVANCE Co., Ltd.) using one of the above), the electrolyzed water was sprayed twice a day (approx. (10 liters Z times) The leaves were sprayed with a spraying device so that the leaf surface was covered with uniform water droplets. The test period was 46 days from mid January. On the other hand, in the comparative example, only spraying was performed in the continuous greenhouse under the same conditions as in the example using tap water. The results are as follows.

In this example, there was no withering such as sickness and death, and superiority was observed in leaf color, number, thickness, etc., whereas in the comparative example, 12.5% withered and 16.7% with poor growing. I got it. (Example 4)

The test was performed on aquatic plants.

In the example of the present invention, well water was placed in a 60 liter water tank, and 0.3 A was used using a carbon electrode. And electrolyzed for 11 hours a day, and the presence of plant growth substances in the electrolyzed water was measured and confirmed once using cytochrome c at the time of initial production. The measuring method followed the method described in "Active oxygen" (Kyoritsu Shuppan). After that, the aquatic plants described below were cultivated in an aquarium. The electrolysis was linked to a fluorescent light for growing aquatic plants and energized every day for 11 hours. The test period was 55 days from late June. On the other hand, in the comparative example, an aquatic plant was placed in another aquarium of the same size, and dissolved in carbon dioxide gas by gas-liquid contact so that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water was the same as in the example. The results are as follows.

Cultivar: Cryptocoryne affinis After the test, the weight of the aquatic plant of the example increased by 10% compared to the comparative example.

Variety: Anupias (Anub i sa spp)

After the test, the weight of the aquatic plant of the example was increased by 30% as compared with the comparative example.

Cultivar: Hi grophi la pol ysperma

After the test, the weight of the aquatic plant of the example was increased by 50% compared to the comparative example.

Cultivar: Japanese name Matsumo (pine algae) (Ceratophy l lum spp)

After the test, the weight of the aquatic plant of this example was doubled as compared with the comparative example.

(Example 5)

The test was carried out in a meticulous cultivation of a houseplant, spattiphyllum (Spathi phyllum, taro).

In the example of the present invention, 200 liters of tap water was electrolyzed with OA for 10 hours using a carbon electrode, and the presence of plant-growing substances in the electrolyzed water was determined using cytochrome c once during the initial production. Measured and confirmed. The measurement method was in accordance with the method described in "Active oxygen" (Kyoritsu version). After collecting the seedlings that can be grown by cultivation of Mericlone, the lumpy Mercuron seedlings (usually discarded parts) are arranged on a tray and placed in a nursery greenhouse (26 ° C, 95% temperature) that reproduces the tropical climate. Was. In one nursery greenhouse (approximately 6 tsubo), the electrolyzed water is sprayed twice a day (approximately 6 (Tor z times) Sprayed with a spraying device so that the entire surface of the plant was covered with uniform water droplets. The testing period was from late October to 21 years. On the other hand, in the comparative example, only spraying was performed in the adjacent greenhouse under the same conditions as in the example using tap water. The results are as follows.

In this example, 80% of the seedlings survived and continued to grow, but in the comparative example, only 10% of ¾- survived.

(Example 6)

Tests were performed on rock wool cultivation of various roses.

In the example of the present invention, 200 liters of well water was electrolyzed with OA for 24 hours using a carbon electrode proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-34280, and it was confirmed that plant growing substances were present in the electrolyzed water. It was measured and confirmed once using cytochrome c at the time of initial production. The measuring method followed the method described in "Active oxygen" (Kyoritsu Shuppan). Thereafter, the electrolyzed water was sprayed once a day (about 100 liters Z times) into one greenhouse (approximately 200 tsubo) using a fine mist device so that the leaf surface was covered with uniform water droplets. . The test period was about 60 days from mid-November. On the days of rain, cloudy weather, and pesticide spraying during the test period, foliar spraying was not performed to prevent the leaf from constantly getting wet and causing disease, or to prevent the pesticide from flowing down. . As a result, the application frequency was 46 times. On the other hand, as a comparative example, only spraying was performed in the adjacent greenhouse under the same conditions as in the example using well water. The irrigation supplied to the roots of the rock wool cultivated rose of the present invention controls the liquid level, so that the amount absorbed by the plant is automatically supplied and the supplied amount can be recorded. The results are as follows.

In the example of the present invention, the amount of irrigation supplied to the roots of the rock wool cultivated rose was 20% larger than that of the comparative example. In rock wool cultivation, irrigation contains a certain concentration of liquid fertilizer, resulting in an increase in fertilizer absorption as well. When the medium was uncovered, many new rose roots appeared. In the case of the present invention, the occurrence of powdery mildew was lower than that of the comparative example. (Example 7)

The same tests as in Examples 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 were performed on strawberries, cucumber, melon, starches, houndstooth, and figs. As a result, it was confirmed that, in these plants as well, large growth of the plants was observed as in the test results, and that the fruits also grew greatly. It was also found that the occurrence of powdery mildew was small. Powdery mildew belongs to a filamentous fungus, and although the species of fungus varies depending on the plant, it is a generic term for those that appear to have the same process of occurrence and growth. From the above test results, it is estimated that the plant-growing substance according to the present invention promotes plant growth and also has an action of suppressing germination and spread of filamentous fungi that grow similarly to powdery mildew. Is done. In each of the above embodiments, the electrolyzed water of the present invention contains about 60 to 80 mgZ liters of dissolved carbon dioxide.However, when growing plants using dissolved carbon dioxide by gas-liquid contact, Dissolved amount こと It is not so much affected by the number of sprayings, and it is only to the extent that the growth is slightly better than in the case of regular watering as in the comparative example. It is considered to be due to the plant-growing substance according to the present invention.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, a method of foliar spraying in which water containing a plant-growing substance is mainly applied to the leaf surface is adopted. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to this. Needless to say, a method of spraying water and supplying water to the roots can also be adopted. When sprayed on the foliage, it can be supplied uniformly to leaves, stems, branches, the ground, and the like, and the breeding substance according to the present invention is easily absorbed by plants, which seems to be more effective.

In the case of foliar spraying, a sufficient amount of water is applied to the leaf surface so that the leaf surface is uniformly wetted with water droplets, or the leaf surface is dried within about one hour, and a sufficient growth promoting effect is obtained. In general, it is said that if the leaves are constantly wet, plant diseases will occur and they will spread. Cloth is preferred. However, this does not apply if the plant has no disease. When irrigating the roots, there is no risk of illness, and normal irrigation volume seems to be o

As described above, according to the present invention, plants can grow quickly and largely without adverse effects such as abnormal growth and malformation caused by plant hormones, and the rate of excellent products can be greatly improved. The industrial effect is expected to be extremely large, such as the ability to improve resistance.

In addition, the method of supplying the plant with the electrolyzed water containing the growing substance according to the present invention is not limited to foliar spraying, but may be watering, or spraying and watering outdoors outside a closed space such as a greenhouse to improve the effect. You can expect.

Furthermore, the growth substance according to the present invention can be expected to be naturally concentrated and purified, and it can be expected that the grown substance can be stored in a concentrated state and dissolved in water when necessary for use.

Claims

Scope of Claim 1. A plant-growing substance characterized by being composed of a group of chemical species having a mass number per charge of 1,000 to 10,000.

2. A plant-growing substance characterized by a chemically stable chemical group consisting of a one-electron reduction reaction of the iron ion of cytochrome c from trivalent to divalent.

3. The plant-growing substance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the whole molecule has a uniform negative charge and is composed of a group of chemical species.

4. The plant-growing substance according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, which is produced when water is electrolyzed using a carbon electrode.

5. The method for producing a plant-growing substance according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substance is produced by electrolyzing water using a carbon electrode.

6. A method for growing plants, comprising using water containing the substance for growing plants according to at least one of claims 1 to 3 for plant culture.

7. A method for growing plants, comprising using water electrolyzed using a carbon electrode for plant culture. '