WO1997024914A1 - Procede d'actionnement de piles a combustible photoelectromagnetiques - Google Patents

Procede d'actionnement de piles a combustible photoelectromagnetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997024914A1
WO1997024914A1 PCT/DE1996/002459 DE9602459W WO9724914A1 WO 1997024914 A1 WO1997024914 A1 WO 1997024914A1 DE 9602459 W DE9602459 W DE 9602459W WO 9724914 A1 WO9724914 A1 WO 9724914A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cells
temperature
dry
reactants
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1996/002459
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Horst GRÜNE
Peter Buchner
Rittmar Von Helmolt
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1997024914A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997024914A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating PEM fuel cells with gaseous reactants and a cooling medium.
  • a liquid is generally used as the transport medium because of the large amount of heat; the cooling water circuit of the fuel cell battery serves in particular for this.
  • the periphery of a fuel line unit which must also include, for example, the return of the product water to the humidifiers, requires a relatively large outlay.
  • An essential feature of the method according to the invention is thus the so-called internal moistening.
  • this process is preferably carried out in such a way that both reactants, namely hydrogen on the one hand and oxygen or air on the other hand, dry the cells, i.e. are supplied without moisture. It is therefore possible to dispense with (external) humidifiers, as a result of which the associated disadvantages are eliminated.
  • one of the two reaction gases can also be humidified, in particular the hydrogen; the other reaction gas is then generally fed to the cells dry.
  • partially humidified reaction gases it is also possible to use partially humidified reaction gases.
  • the term “partially moistened” means that the dew point of the reaction gas is significantly lower than the average cell temperature, in particular by approximately 20 to 40 ° C.
  • the reaction gas then generally contains only a third of that amount of water , which corresponds to the saturation at the mean cell temperature.
  • Dry or partially humidified reaction gases are passed through the cells parallel to the temperature gradient. If a reaction gas is completely humidified, such a parallel guidance can be omitted with this gas.
  • the temperature difference required in the method according to the invention is preferably set via the cooling medium, ie via the air, specifically via the flow rate.
  • the air flows freely between the cells through, ie there are no cooling elements or cooling layers between the cells.
  • the temperature difference can be generated by conduction, in particular by heating or cooling at the cell ends with water.
  • a temperature difference is set in the cells, specifically starting from the cell entrance.
  • the incoming dry reaction gas takes water with it at the cell entrance, but the cell or battery temperature in the inlet area of the reaction gases is kept so low that the membrane cannot dry out appreciably.
  • an increase in the temperature is then permissible or possible because the controlled absorption and entrainment of product water from the membrane prevents subsequent areas from drying out.
  • This temperature difference is preferably approximately 10 to 80 ° C., in particular approximately 20 to 40 ° C.
  • This temperature distribution is preferably achieved by a parallel flow of cooling medium, ie air, and reaction gas.
  • the cell or battery power reduced in the entrance area of the cells - due to the relatively low temperature - may require a somewhat larger battery (up to approx. 30%).
  • this disadvantage is more than compensated for by an overall smaller construction volume.
  • air is used as the cooling medium. Air cooling is particularly advantageous when using fuel cells for electric traction.
  • the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for operating fuel cells or batteries, as described in DE-PS 44 42 285; air cooling takes place here.
  • This procedure offers the following additional advantages:
  • Water delivery to a dry inflowing gas is strongly temperature-dependent. If a temperature profile corresponding to the formation of product water is set over the membrane surface, as is the case with the method according to the invention, then the water can be removed in gaseous form without the membrane drying out.
  • T (A) the reaction gas
  • a cooling air flow of approx. 144 m 3 / h is necessary at a pressure difference of 0.8 mbar.
  • the figure shows an air-cooled cell stack of a PEM fuel cell battery according to the invention, which has a lower temperature at the cell or gas inlet than at the outlet.
  • the associated temperature profile is shown schematically.
  • a cell active area: 100 cm 2
  • oxygen and hydrogen is cooled at the oxygen inlet and heated at the outlet.
  • a temperature of 35 to 40 ° C is set at the input and a temperature of 65 to 75 ° C at the output.
  • the oxygen is used dry, ie not humidified
  • the hydrogen is humidified.
  • no drying out of the membrane can be observed, which would be associated with a drop in the voltage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'actionnement de piles à combustible photoélectromagnétiques avec des réactants gazeux et un milieu de refroidissement, qui comprend les étapes suivantes: au moins un des réactants gazeux est acheminé sous forme sèche ou partiellement humide jusqu'aux piles; un écart de température est ajusté entre l'entrée et la sortie des réactants secs ou partiellement humides, la température d'entrée étant plus basse que la température de sortie; les réactants secs ou partiellement humides sont guidés à travers les piles parallèlement au gradient thermique; le milieu de refroidissement utilisé est de l'air guidé à travers les interstices situés entre les piles.
PCT/DE1996/002459 1996-01-04 1996-12-19 Procede d'actionnement de piles a combustible photoelectromagnetiques WO1997024914A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19600200.1 1996-01-04
DE19600200A DE19600200C1 (de) 1996-01-04 1996-01-04 Verfahren zum Betrieb von PEM-Brennstoffzellen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997024914A1 true WO1997024914A1 (fr) 1997-07-17

Family

ID=7782174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1996/002459 WO1997024914A1 (fr) 1996-01-04 1996-12-19 Procede d'actionnement de piles a combustible photoelectromagnetiques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19600200C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997024914A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998039809A1 (fr) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh Electrode a diffusion gazeuse ayant une capacite de diffusion reduite pour l'eau et cellule electrochimique a membrane electrolytique polymerique

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19629084C2 (de) * 1996-07-18 1998-07-16 Siemens Ag Brennstoffzellenanlage als Antriebsbatterie für ein Elektrofahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Brennstoffzellenanlage
DE10061784A1 (de) * 2000-12-12 2002-06-20 Daimler Chrysler Ag Elektrochemischer Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE10214565A1 (de) * 2002-03-31 2003-10-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verringerung der Degradation von HT-PEM-Brennstoffzellen und zugehörige Brennstoffzellenanlage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1128898B (de) * 1959-12-31 1962-05-03 Gen Electric Galvanisches Brennstoffelement
DE3907819A1 (de) * 1987-06-02 1990-09-13 Ergenics Power Systems Inc New Aufbau einer ionenaustauscher-brennstoffzelle mit verbesserter waerme- und wasserhandhabung
JPH05144451A (ja) * 1991-11-20 1993-06-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の反応ガス・冷却媒体通流構造
US5260143A (en) * 1991-01-15 1993-11-09 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for removing water from electrochemical fuel cells
WO1995017772A1 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-29 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Cellule electrochimique dans laquelle l'air ambiant est utilise comme oxydant et refrigerant
WO1996000453A1 (fr) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Pile a combustible a flux antagonistes de refrigerant et d'oxygene
DE4442285C1 (de) * 1994-11-28 1996-02-08 Siemens Ag Brennstoffzellen und daraus bestehende Brennstoffzellenbatterien

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4201632C2 (de) * 1992-01-23 1997-02-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zur Befeuchtung der einer Brennstoffzelle zuströmenden Reaktanten

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1128898B (de) * 1959-12-31 1962-05-03 Gen Electric Galvanisches Brennstoffelement
DE3907819A1 (de) * 1987-06-02 1990-09-13 Ergenics Power Systems Inc New Aufbau einer ionenaustauscher-brennstoffzelle mit verbesserter waerme- und wasserhandhabung
US5260143A (en) * 1991-01-15 1993-11-09 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for removing water from electrochemical fuel cells
JPH05144451A (ja) * 1991-11-20 1993-06-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の反応ガス・冷却媒体通流構造
WO1995017772A1 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-29 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Cellule electrochimique dans laquelle l'air ambiant est utilise comme oxydant et refrigerant
WO1996000453A1 (fr) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Pile a combustible a flux antagonistes de refrigerant et d'oxygene
DE4442285C1 (de) * 1994-11-28 1996-02-08 Siemens Ag Brennstoffzellen und daraus bestehende Brennstoffzellenbatterien

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ENAMI Y ET AL: "WATER MANAGEMENT IN LARGE SCALE PEFC STACK", EXTENDED ABSTRACTS, FALL MEETING OCTOBER 8/13, ST. LOUIS ,MISSOURI PENNINTON, NJ, US, vol. 95/2, 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01), pages 1036/1037, XP000553938 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 525 (E - 1436) 21 September 1993 (1993-09-21) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998039809A1 (fr) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh Electrode a diffusion gazeuse ayant une capacite de diffusion reduite pour l'eau et cellule electrochimique a membrane electrolytique polymerique
US6451470B1 (en) 1997-03-06 2002-09-17 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh Gas diffusion electrode with reduced diffusing capacity for water and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19600200C1 (de) 1997-04-24

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