WO1997017475A1 - Procede de fonte et de raffinage de dechets ferreux par injection d'oxygene - Google Patents

Procede de fonte et de raffinage de dechets ferreux par injection d'oxygene

Info

Publication number
WO1997017475A1
WO1997017475A1 PCT/US1996/017742 US9617742W WO9717475A1 WO 1997017475 A1 WO1997017475 A1 WO 1997017475A1 US 9617742 W US9617742 W US 9617742W WO 9717475 A1 WO9717475 A1 WO 9717475A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
oxidizing gas
melt
during
charge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/017742
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Scott Gregory
Daniel Ferguson
Frank Slootman
Thierry Darle
Frederic Viraize
Original Assignee
Air Liquide America Corporation
L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide America Corporation, L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide America Corporation
Priority to AU76079/96A priority Critical patent/AU7607996A/en
Publication of WO1997017475A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997017475A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B3/225—Oxygen blowing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F27D2099/0046—Heating elements or systems using burners with incomplete combustion, e.g. reducing atmosphere
    • F27D2099/0048—Post- combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns the melting and refining of a charge in a furnace. More particularly, the present invention involves the injection of O 2 into a furnace containing ferrous scrap to facilitate melting and refining of the ferrous scrap.
  • Various methods are known for melting and refining a charge such as ferrous scrap and one such method involves the use of an electric arc furnace.
  • charge which can be in the form of ferrous scrap, for example, is loaded into the furnace, typically in several successive loadings or buckets.
  • One or more electrodes which are connected to an electrical energy source extend into the furnace. These electrodes serve as a conductor of current to cause arcs to pass from the electrodes to the charge (i.e. , ferrous scrap) in the furnace to effect melting of the charge in the furnace.
  • carbon and fluxes e.g., CaO and MgO
  • O 2 is injected directly into the melting metal charge by way of, for example, a lance and this injected O 2 reacts with the charge carbon to produce carbon monoxide CO.
  • the combustion of organics and other materials during melting also results in production of H 2 .
  • a process of injecting oxidizing gas into a furnace for post combustion of gaseous CO during production of steel from a charge placed in the furnace includes a first period of injection and a second period of injection.
  • an oxidizing gas is injected into the furnace in the space above the melt which has resulted from melting of the charge.
  • the first period of injection occurs during the end of the melt-in phase of the first charge as the first charge approaches flat-bath conditions and prior to loading of a subsequent charge into the furnace.
  • an oxidizing gas is injected by way of the injectors into the space above the melt in the furnace, with the second period of injection occurring during refining of the melt in the furnace.
  • an apparatus for melting and refining ferrous scrap to produce steel includes a furnace for receiving ferrous scrap, at least one electrode extending into the furnace for producing arcs to melt ferrous scrap in the furnace, and a plurality of injectors connected to a source of oxidizing gas and positioned at an intermediate point along a height of the furnace to inject oxidizing gas into the furnace in a space above the ferrous scrap in the furnace, said injectors being oriented downwardly from a horizontal plane.
  • the injectors are preferably angled downwardly at an angle of between about 5° and about 20°.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of an electric arc furnace used in conjunction with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the electric arc furnace shown in FIG. 1 with the cover removed;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph generally illustrating an O 2 injection flowrate with respect to time, and depicting the injection of O 2 during the refining phase and during flat-bath conditions; and
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a control and analysis system that can be utilized in connection with the present invention.
  • an electric arc furnace to produce steel from a charge (e.g., ferrous scrap) involves placing into the furnace an initial load of charge and typically also carbon and fluxes (e.g., Cao and MgO), lowering the electrodes to the appropriate position within the furnace and then initiating operation of the furnace.
  • charge e.g., ferrous scrap
  • carbon and fluxes e.g., Cao and MgO
  • electric current passes from the electrodes down through an arc to the charge, through the charge, and up through an arc to an adjacent electrode.
  • the portion of the charge located underneath and around the electrodes begins to melt, thereby forming a pool of molten metal within the furnace.
  • oxygen is injected directly into the molten metal by way of a lance.
  • the operation of the furnace continues in this way until all of or substantially all of the charge in the furnace has been melted to produce a flat- bath condition within the furnace.
  • one or more charges or buckets of ferrous scrap are introduced into the furnace to complete the batch and after each successive charge, the foregoing operation occurs.
  • the melt in the furnace is subjected to a refining operation during which the steel is superheated and the chemistry of the steel is adjusted for the desired end use. This refining period typically starts at or near the end of the melt-in phase of the last bucket and ends just prior to when the steel is tapped from the furnace.
  • O 2 refers to an oxidizing gas capable of producing CO, and capable of producing CO 2 with CO in the process conditions. This thus encompasses air and oxygen enriched air comprising more than 50% vol O 2 , and more preferably oxygen enriched air comprising more than about 90% vol O 2 .
  • the efficiency of the off-gas heat recovery is a function of the heat transfer efficiency which represents the measure of the amount of released energy that is actually absorbed by the charge in the furnace.
  • the 0 2 flowrate would increase significantly to provide the O 2 necessary for effecting post combustion of the CO and H 2 .
  • the O 2 injection flowrate would vary depending upon, for example, the amount of CO and H 2 available in the furnace for post combustion as determined through off-gas analysis. This off -gas analysis can be carried out through use of a system similar to that described in U.S. Patent No. 5,344, 122, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the charge or ferrous scrap existing in the furnace for effecting transfer of the heat energy produced from the post combustion of the CO and H 2 decreases.
  • An O 2 flowrate that would be useful in this context for preventing plugging of the injectors would be a function of the furnace, but would be on the order of 1000 scf/hr to 2000 scf/hr. for each injector.
  • This preventive level of O 2 injection is schematically illustrated by the level A in FIG. 3. To the extent such a protective flow were employed, it would not result in significant post combustion of O 2 .
  • the present invention represents a departure from the foregoing thinking and is based upon the unexpected discovery that significant benefits can be obtained by providing oxygen injection during the refining phase and other flat- bath conditions even though there exists no metal charge or ferrous scrap in the furnace at such times to effect the transfer of heat energy produced through combustion of the CO and H 2 .
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a preferred form of the furnace utilized in conjunction with the present invention.
  • the furnace 10 includes a hearth 12 and a roof 14 which also allows the insertion of three electrodes 16 which protrude through three holes in the roof.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the molten steel or melt 18 in the hearth 12 as well as the cover layer of slag 20.
  • a fourth hole 30 is provided for the off-gases released during the operation of the furnace as seen in FIG. 2.
  • the furnace 10 is also provided with a plurality of O 2 injectors 22, only one of which is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the injectors 22 are connected to an source 40.
  • the illustrated furnace is preferably provided with six O 2 injectors 22 spaced around the periphery of the furnace. Although six injectors are illustrated, the number can vary slightly, for example between four and eight.
  • the injectors 22 are oriented so that the oxygen is injected at an angle a with respect to respective axes 24 that are radially oriented relative to the vertical or central axis of the furnace.
  • the angle a is in the range of 20°-60°, preferably 30°-40°.
  • the injectors 22 can be similar in construction to those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,373,530, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As described in this patent, the orientation of the injectors 22 in this manner provides a non-radial injection of O ⁇ along a somewhat tangential path.
  • the injectors 22 are also advantageously disposed at an intermediate point along the height of the furnace 10 and are oriented to direct the injected oxygen downwardly at an angle ⁇ with respect to a horizontal plane 26.
  • the angle ⁇ is in the range of 5° -40° and preferably within the range of about 5° and 20°.
  • the injectors can be designed to be adjustable in this regard to allow the downward orientation of the injectors 22 to be varied depending upon the operating conditions and other factors associated with a given furnace. This downward orientation of the injectors 22 is quite advantageous in several respects.
  • the oxygen may tend to be drawn through the off-gas hole or fourth hole 30 in the cover through which the off-gases flow.
  • Orienting the injectors 22 downwardly tends to increase the residence time of the O 2 in the furnace because the oxygen is injected away from the fourth hole 30. The result is an increased ability of the oxygen to effect post combustion.
  • orienting the injectors 22 downwardly directs the injected oxygen down towards the slag which is believed to provide benefits with respect to advantageously affecting the characteristics of the slag.
  • the process according to the present invention is similar to that described above and illustrated in Fig. 3, except that oxygen is injected into the space above the melt in the furnace by way of the injectors 22 during the refining phase and during other flat bath conditions to effect continued combustion of the CO and H 2 during those time periods in which it was thought that no benefit could be derived from combustion of the CO and H 2 .
  • This O 2 injection into the space above the melt in the furnace occurs at a flowrate significantly greater than the level A which was though might be necessary for preventing plugging of the injectors 22.
  • the injection of oxygen during the refining phase and during other flat bath conditions can be performed at a flowrate that depends upon the particular conditions and operating parameters of the furnace, but is typically such that the total flowrate into the furnace through all of the injectors 22 is at least about 20,000 scf/hr and preferably greater than 25,000 scf/hr.
  • the flowrate through each of the injectors will be on the order of at least about 4, 150 scf/hr. This is schematically represented by the level B of O 2 injection depicted in FIG.
  • the off-gas from the furnace can be analyzed to determine the amount of CO present in the furnace for post combustion. This information can then be used to control O 2 injection through the injectors 22 so that an appropriate amount of O 2 is injected into the furnace to effect post combustion of a significant amount of the CO in the furnace during the refining phase and other flat-bath conditions.
  • a system such as that generally illustrated in Fig. 4 can be employed.
  • the system includes an off-gas sample conditioning and analysis unit 42 that is connected to a probe or other similar device 40 that captures a portion of the off-gas from the furnace 10.
  • the off-gas is then conditioned and analyzed for CO content in the unit 42 (the amounts of other materials can also be analyzed).
  • the results of that analysis are then input to a post combustion control system 44 for controlling post combustion in the furnace through oxygen injection.
  • the post combustion control system 44 controls the operation of a valve train 46 that is connected to the injectors 22.
  • the valve train 46 is also connected to a source of oxygen 48.
  • the post combustion control system 44 controls the valve train 46 to inject into the furnace by way of the injectors 22 an amount of sufficient to effect, to the extent desired, combustion of all or a portion of the determined amount of CO in the furnace.
  • a furnace control system 50 can also be employed to control various other operating characteristics of the furnace 10 and can be used to input relevant information about the operation of the furnace into the post combustion control system 44 to achieve the desired amount of O 2 injection.
  • the off-gas sample conditioning and analysis unit 42 can be connected to a monitor/data acquisition unit 52 which can be in the form of, for example, a computer terminal. This allows the off-gas analysis to be monitored and other appropriate info ⁇ nation obtained.
  • the particular amount of O 2 injected into the furnace during refining and other flat bath conditions should preferably approach that which would effect combustion of a significant amount of the CO in the furnace, although this may be limited by a variety of factors. For example, if too much oxygen is injected into the furnace, the resulting post combustion might create a heat level within the furnace that is undesirable from the standpoint of the potential adverse affect on the furnace (i.e., the walls of the furnace may become too hot). Thus, various considerations must be taken into account in deterrnining the amount of O 2 that should be injected into the furnace in the space above the melt to effect the aforementioned post combustion during refining and other flat-bath conditions.
  • PCR post combustion ratio
  • APCR [1-PCR].
  • the post combustion method of the present invention would be capable of reducing the APCR by 40% relative to protective O 2 injection.
  • the APCR for protective O 2 flow is on the order of 20%
  • the furnace is not completely sealed and does not provide an absolutely air-tight environment within the furnace.
  • an air gap is typically present around the slag door and this air gap, and others, serve as an entry point for air ingress into the furnace.
  • a vacuum is created within the furnace and so in the absence of significant O 2 injection during operation of the furnace, air from outside the furnace will be drawn into the furnace interior.
  • the nitrogen in the ingress air absorbs heat from the interior of the furnace which of course means that more electrical energy is necessary.
  • the present invention provides a dual benefit in this regard in that not only is heat energy not removed as a result of less air ingress, but additional heat energy is actually produced in the furnace as a result of O 2 injection and post combustion of CO.
  • the injection of O 2 towards the slag during the refining phase and other flat-bath conditions may advantageously change or alter the physical properties of the slag such as the slag composition.
  • the post combustion increases the temperature of the slag which, among other things, causes the slag conditioners (e.g., CaO, MgO) to dissolve more quickly.
  • the slag conditioners e.g., CaO, MgO
  • this O 2 injection in accordance with the present invention also affects the slag basicity (CaO/SiO) in a way that positively influences slag foaming.
  • the slag basicity is advantageously affected at least in part by the higher temperature mentioned above.
  • the oxygen improves slag foaming for a given amount of FeO by increasing the oxygen flow.
  • O 2 injection in accordance with the present invention may also advantageously affect the slag viscosity and the surface tension of the slag. Due to the significant and important role that slag plays in the steel making process, it is believed that these changes in the physical properties of the slag may increase the active power input. It is believed that the downward orientation of the injectors 22 directing the oxygen towards the slag may contribute to these beneficial results.
  • a significantly greater total amount of O 2 is injected into the furnace between the time when the first load of ferrous scrap is loaded into the furnace and the time of tapping and this is due to the fact that 0 2 injection occurs not only during the melt-in phase, but also during the refining phase and other flat-bath conditions. Comparing a furnace operation in accordance with the present invention with two other furnace operations in which O 2 injection was utilized but was ceased during the refining phase and other flat-bath conditions, it was observed that the total amount of d injected into the furnace during a complete operating cycle (i.e.
  • tap-to-tap in accordance with the present invention (816 scf/ton) was on the order of about twice that which was injected in the other two furnaces (403 scf/ton and 416 scf/ton) with almost the same amount of carbon additions in all three furnaces.
  • the present invention was evaluated and compared with an electric arc furnace in which no O 2 injection was utilized. From an electrical energy standpoint, it was found that the use of O 2 injection resulted in an increase in active power throughout the heat cycle, particularly during late melting and flat bath conditions in which an increase of several MW (mega watts) was observed. This was also accompanied by a corresponding decrease in arc reactance and increase in power factor. It is believed that several factors contributed to these improved electrical characteristics.
  • post combustion of CO and H 2 through O 2 injection transfers a significant amount of energy to the scrap as a result of reduced process times for each bucket.
  • the increased thermal energy results in faster and more consistent scrap feed into the arc flare, thereby reducing the number and magnitude of cave-ins.
  • the faster scrap feed and melting rate was substantiated by the observed arc instability percentage.
  • the faster scrap feed and melting rate means that the charge in the furnace approaches the flat-bath condition more quickly, thereby facilitating development of the foaming slag so as to advantageously effect the electrical energy input rate.
  • the slag condition of the furnace during late melting and flat-bath conditions is demonstrated by the arc harmonics percentage, also known as the slag index.
  • the arc harmonics percentage provides a useful indication of the formation and effectiveness of the foaming slag during flat-bath conditions.
  • Arc harmonics are related to the wave shape of the phase current so that the more the wave shape approaches a sinusoidal form, the more power can be transmitted to the steel.
  • An effective slag cover stabilizes the atmosphere around the arc, thereby reducing the voltage required for arc initiation to occur.
  • the refined slag is easier to maintain in its foaming state with a supersonic lance due to the higher viscosity and more manageable FeO contents.
  • the operator need only trim the slag volume and composition with injected lime and carbon to completely submerge the arc and obtain optimal arc harmonics and power input rates.
  • the injection of O 2 during refining and flat-bath conditions in accordance with the present invention is not necessarily continuous and is not necessarily made at a continuous flow rate. Indeed, the oxygen flow rate can be increased, decreased, maintained at a constant level, etc. depending upon the particular benefits obtained in a particular furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé consistant à injecter un gaz d'oxydation dans un four pour provoquer la postcombustion du CO gazeux au cours de la production d'acier à partir d'une charge placée dans un four. Ce procédé se compose d'une première période d'injection et d'une seconde période d'injection. Pendant la première période d'injection, un gaz d'oxydation est injecté dans le four dans un volume au-dessus du bain de fusion issu de la fusion de la charge. La première période d'injection intervient en fin de phase de fusion de la première charge, lorsque celle-ci commence à former bain plat, et préalablement au chargement d'une charge suivante dans le four. Pendant la seconde période d'injection, un gaz d'oxydation est injecté à l'aide des injecteurs dans le volume au-dessus du bain de fusion contenu dans le four. Cette seconde période d'injection intervient pendant le raffinage du bain de fusion contenu dans le four. Ce procédé aboutit à la production d'énergie thermique utile grâce à la combustion du CO. Il est en outre avéré que cette énergie thermique réduit de façon considérable la consommation d'énergie électrique du four à arc électrique.
PCT/US1996/017742 1995-11-09 1996-10-30 Procede de fonte et de raffinage de dechets ferreux par injection d'oxygene WO1997017475A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU76079/96A AU7607996A (en) 1995-11-09 1996-10-30 Process for melting and refining ferrous scrap through use of oxygen injection

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55572595A 1995-11-09 1995-11-09
US08/555,725 1995-11-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997017475A1 true WO1997017475A1 (fr) 1997-05-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/017742 WO1997017475A1 (fr) 1995-11-09 1996-10-30 Procede de fonte et de raffinage de dechets ferreux par injection d'oxygene

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AR (1) AR004147A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7607996A (fr)
ID (1) ID18397A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997017475A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999058729A1 (fr) * 1998-05-08 1999-11-18 Wilfried Stein Four a arc
WO2000070102A1 (fr) * 1999-05-15 2000-11-23 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour la pulverisation de gaz naturel et/ou d'oxygene
DE102008009923A1 (de) 2008-02-18 2009-08-20 Sms Demag Ag Verfahren zur Oxidation brennbarer Bestandteile im Abgas eines Lichtbogenofens

Citations (8)

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DE1936649A1 (de) * 1968-08-22 1970-02-26 Krupp Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Optimierung der Sauerstoffzufuhr in Elektrolichtbogenoefen
US4827486A (en) * 1986-08-27 1989-05-02 Klockner Cra Technologie Gmbh Process for increasing the energy input in electric arc furnaces
US4986847A (en) * 1989-09-20 1991-01-22 Fuchs Systemtechnik Gmbh Process and apparatus for at least temporarily simultaneously subjecting a molten metal to the action of a gas and fine-grain solid materials
US5166950A (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-11-24 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour Etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Process and apparatus for melting a furnace charge
US5344122A (en) * 1991-01-15 1994-09-06 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Tubular rod and device for sampling and analyzing fumes and apparatus including such device
US5373530A (en) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-13 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Melting furnace with gas injection
US5375139A (en) * 1993-02-26 1994-12-20 Bender; Manfred Electric arc furnace insitu scrap preheating process
WO1996028573A1 (fr) * 1995-03-14 1996-09-19 Usinor Sacilor Procede d'elaboration de l'acier dans un four electrique a arc, et four electrique a arc pour sa mise en ×uvre

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1936649A1 (de) * 1968-08-22 1970-02-26 Krupp Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Optimierung der Sauerstoffzufuhr in Elektrolichtbogenoefen
US4827486A (en) * 1986-08-27 1989-05-02 Klockner Cra Technologie Gmbh Process for increasing the energy input in electric arc furnaces
US4986847A (en) * 1989-09-20 1991-01-22 Fuchs Systemtechnik Gmbh Process and apparatus for at least temporarily simultaneously subjecting a molten metal to the action of a gas and fine-grain solid materials
US5166950A (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-11-24 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour Etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Process and apparatus for melting a furnace charge
US5344122A (en) * 1991-01-15 1994-09-06 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Tubular rod and device for sampling and analyzing fumes and apparatus including such device
US5375139A (en) * 1993-02-26 1994-12-20 Bender; Manfred Electric arc furnace insitu scrap preheating process
US5373530A (en) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-13 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Melting furnace with gas injection
WO1996028573A1 (fr) * 1995-03-14 1996-09-19 Usinor Sacilor Procede d'elaboration de l'acier dans un four electrique a arc, et four electrique a arc pour sa mise en ×uvre

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
MCMANUS G J: "ELECTRIC FURNACE POST COMBUSTION TAKES OFF", IRON AND STEEL ENGINEER, vol. 72, no. 4, 1 April 1995 (1995-04-01), pages 90/91, XP000505138 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999058729A1 (fr) * 1998-05-08 1999-11-18 Wilfried Stein Four a arc
US6424672B1 (en) * 1998-05-08 2002-07-23 Wilfried Stein Device for producing slag in an electric arc furnace
WO2000070102A1 (fr) * 1999-05-15 2000-11-23 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour la pulverisation de gaz naturel et/ou d'oxygene
DE102008009923A1 (de) 2008-02-18 2009-08-20 Sms Demag Ag Verfahren zur Oxidation brennbarer Bestandteile im Abgas eines Lichtbogenofens
DE102008009923B4 (de) * 2008-02-18 2018-02-15 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren zur Oxidation brennbarer Bestandteile im Abgas eines Lichtbogenofens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR004147A1 (es) 1998-09-30
ID18397A (id) 1998-04-02
AU7607996A (en) 1997-05-29

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