Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
  • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
  • B65D81/3446—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
  • B65D81/3461—Flexible containers, e.g. bags, pouches, envelopes
  • B65D81/3469—Pop-corn bags
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
  • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
  • B65D2581/3401—Cooking or heating method specially adapted to the contents of the package
  • B65D2581/3402—Cooking or heating method specially adapted to the contents of the package characterised by the type of product to be heated or cooked
  • B65D2581/3421—Cooking pop-corn
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
  • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
  • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
  • B65D2581/3486—Dielectric characteristics of microwave reactive packaging
  • B65D2581/3494—Microwave susceptor

Definitions

• Greaseproof papers have been developed for utilization in constructions which must, to some extent, resist the passage of oil-like liquids, such as hot liquid oil/fat, therethrough.
• oil-like liquids such as hot liquid oil/fat
• the pulp is abraded so that when the greaseproof treatment is cast on it, substantial hydrogen bonding in the cellulose occurs. This process of abrading the pulp is generally referred to as "refining".
• chemical treatments for rendering refined papers greaseproof and/or grease-resistant typically involve fluorochemicals.
• fluorochemicals it would be preferred, if possible, to avoid or reduce fluorochemical use, or papers which have been treated with substantial amounts of fluorochemicals.
• the laminating adhesives used in the multi-ply arrangements often include polyvinyl acetates. A typical one is Duracet 12, available from Franklin International of Columbus, Ohio 43207. In some applications, it would be preferred, if possible, to reduce the utilization of such adhesives.
• the first adhesive may be a starch-based adhesive. It may also be an alternative resin, for example certain synthetic resins.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a microwave bag construction, according to the present invention, depicted unfolded and prior to expansion, in use.
• Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view ofthe construction shown in Fig. 1 ; Fig. 2 being taken generally along line 2-2, Fig. 1.
• Fig. 3 is a plan view ofthe inside surface of a blank from which the arrangement of Figs. 1 and 2 can be folded.
• Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view ofthe blank shown in Fig. 3.
• Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a rollstock of blanks according to Figs. 3 and 4.
• Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an alternate process for preparing a rollstock of blanks.
• Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment to that shown in Fig. 1.
• microwave popcorn bags in typical commercial use, are constructed of a laminated system including printed, bleached, kraft paper on the outside, a thin film of metallized susceptor in the middle, and a greaseproof paper on the inside.
• Such arrangements often require the lamination ofthe various sheets to one another, typically with a polyvinyl acetate (PVA) homopolymer emulsion, or an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer emulsion.
• PVA polyvinyl acetate
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• An aspect of some applications ofthe present invention is the provision of an alternate adhesive material to polyvinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers for at least some uses in constructions such as microwave bag constructions.
• greaseproof papers are relatively expensive, by comparison to non-greaseproof kraft papers. If convenient and economical, at least in some systems it would be preferred to avoid such highly refined and/or chemically treated greaseproof papers in microwave bag constructions, and to replace their use with either: a form of kraft paper, perhaps treated or coated for greaseproof character; or, a less highly refined or less chemically treated greaseproof paper.
• greyseproof when applied to paper refers to the characteristic of resistance to passage of oil or grease therethrough. Evaluations of "greaseprooftiess" are generally made according to the turpentine test described herein. In general, a greater “greaseproof character is present, if the length of time measured in the turpentine test described herein is increased. Typically a paper will not be considered
• the characteristic of "greaseprooftiess” is not completely independent ofthe quality or refinement ofthe paper.
• the paper for example, may be quite greaseproof in some locations, but possess sufficient porosity (i.e. pin holes) therein, such that even though the cellulosic material is greaseproof, the holes allow for leakage.
• porosity i.e. average pin hole population per unit area
• the porosity is no greater than about 0.2 holes per square inch.
• a ply is "non-greaseproof, it is meant that the material from which the ply is formed, if tested according to the turpentine test described herein, would show a greaseprooftiess of less than 3 hours, typically less than 2 hours and often less than one hour.
• the bag construction is greaseproof, it is meant that the construction does not substantially or unacceptably leak oil or grease therefrom, when stored with a charge of popcorn and oil/fat therein, for extended periods of time, especially at elevated temperatures.
• the laminate would show a greaseprooftiess of at least 2 hours, typically at least 3 hours and preferably at least 24 hours.
• the inner ply ofthe arrangement described in this section may even comprise a non-fluorochemically treated kraft paper. Indeed, the inner ply may even be formed from a paper material which is so porous that a value of 500 Gurley seconds or less is obtained by porosity testing as described. Further, it may even comprise a paper having a pin hole porosity of at least 1/inch up to 250-300/inch 2 .
• a relatively inexpensive, porous, non-fluorochemically treated, non-greaseproof kraft paper can be effectively used as an inner layer in place of highly refined, low porosity, greaseproof paper, in packaging such as microwave packaging. This can be advantageous for, among other reasons, cost savings and process advantages.
• greaseproofties is distinguished herein from the characteristic of "grease resistance".
• greye resistance generally refers to the susceptibility ofthe paper material to staining from grease (i.e. oil/fat). It is not directly related to the susceptibility ofthe paper material for the passage of oil or grease therethrough, but rather relates to the susceptibility ofthe paper surface to being stained by the presence of oil or grease that comes in contact therewith.
• grease resistance can be determined using the Scotchban test described herein.
• Grease resistance character increases, as the Scotchban® value increases.
• Scotchban ⁇ R grease resistance kit level that defines an acceptable level of grease resistance will vary from industry to industry.
• the outer layer of a multi-ply microwave bag construction may be formed from a paper having a grease resistance of less than kit 8, yet have the overall bag construction possess an outer surface with a grease resistance of minimum kit 8 by coating the outer surface with a preferred material as defined herein.
• grease resistance may be associated with other kit levels, for example a minimum kit level of 4, for french fry products.
• the techniques may be used in a manner allowing use of a kraft paper in this location which, although fluorochemically treated, has been treated with less fluorochemical than paper used in conventional systems.
• a particularly useful embodiment concerns the preparation of two-ply microwave packaging for use in association with microwave cooking of food products, such as popcorn.
• microwave popcorn packaging is generally made in two-ply constructions, with the inner ply comprising greaseproof paper. That is, generally the inner ply comprises a paper refined and chemically treated, typically with fluorochemicals, to provide greaseprooftiess under the turpentine test, preferably of at least 3 hours.
• Techniques according to the present invention can be used to improve multi-ply arrangements, wherein the inner ply comprises such greaseproof paper.
• the inner ply is greaseproof
• utilizing preferred materials according to the present invention as laminating adhesive between the inner and outer plies can enhance or improve greaseproof character.
• Providing adhesive materials according to the present invention in association with the outer ply can also improve the grease-resistant character ofthe outer ply to render an overall more desirable product.
• Techniques according to the present invention can be used to allow for avoidance of a greaseproof, i.e., at least 2 or 3 hour minimum turpentine test, paper for the inner ply of a multi-ply constmction.
• a greaseproof, i.e., at least 2 or 3 hour minimum turpentine test, paper for the inner ply of a multi-ply constmction.
• This is because when preferred materials are utilized as a laminating adhesive in the multi-ply (for example, two-ply) arrangements, sufficient greaseproof character is provided to the inner ply for operation, even in systems wherein the popcorn charge comprises a charge of unpopped popcorn and fat/oil.
• an otherwise unacceptable paper can be used as the inner ply, with greaseproof character in the arrangement being provided and reinforced by the materials ofthe present invention and not merely resulting from use of refined greaseproof paper.
• a wide variety of choices are available for the outer ply, since grease-resistant character can be imparted to the outer
• Techniques according to the present invention can be used to improve one-ply microwave packaging constmctions, in which the bag or inner chamber is formed from a greaseproof (for example, minimum turpentine test 3 hour) material.
• the techniques according to the present invention can be used to provide a microwave packaging, one-ply, system wherein the material that forms the inner chamber is not greaseproof (minimum turpentine test of 2 or 3 hour) paper, since the techniques ofthe present invention can be used to provide a more porous or less greaseproof material, with a desirable greaseproof character. This allows for a wider variety of choices in the paper from which the bag is formed, even when the product is used to enclose a charge of unpopped popcorn kernels and fat.
• Techniques according to the present invention can be used to prepare grease- resistant laminates or constmctions for use in products or materials other than microwave popcorn packaging.
• the descriptions hereinbelow will indicate how paper that is not very grease resistant (for example that is not minimum kit 8) can be rendered to have an improved grease resistance.
• the techniques can be used to provide laminates of paper, neither layer of which has such a grease-resistant character, with an overall grease resistance that is, for example, above kit 8.
• the reference numeral 1, Fig. 1 generally depicts a microwaveable popcorn package inco ⁇ orating the various advantages according to the present invention.
• microwave popcorn package 1 comprises a flexible outer bag 2 including a charge of popcorn or popcorn and fat therein. In use, during exposure to microwave energy, the popcorn is popped and the bag expands. This is described, for example, in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,044,777 and 5,081,330, inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
• flexible is meant to refer to a bag material which is not so stiff or rigid as to undesirably interfere with bag expansion during use.
• the term is used to refer to a material that can be readily folded and unfolded.
• the popcorn Prior to popping, the popcorn is retained in central region 5, of bag 2.
• the unpopped popcorn charge would generally be positioned oriented above a microwave interactive constmction.
• moisture inside the popcorn kernels absorbs microwave energy, generating sufficient steam and heat for the popping operation.
• the microwave interactive construction absorbs microwave energy and dissipates heat, facilitating the popping process.
• the microwave interactive constmction occupies central region 5, but not, to a substantial extent, other portions ofthe popcorn package 1. That is, microwave interactive material is preferably confined to the region where it will be in proximity with, and mostly where it will be covered by, a popcorn charge in use. This is preferred, at least since it leads to efficient utilization ofthe microwave interactive material and also because it results in preferred heat transfer and heat retention in connection with the popping process.
• Fig. 2 a cross-section taken generally along line 2- 2, Fig. 1.
• the popcorn package 1 generally comprises first and second opposite panels 20 and 21 , joined by first and second opposite side gussets 22 and 23.
• the gussets 22 and 23 generally separate popcorn package 1 into first and second expandable tubes 28 and 29.
• Popcorn charge 30 is initially positioned and substantially retained within tube 29.
• Tube 28, prior to popping, is generally collapsed. Indeed, in preferred arrangements, tube 28 is sealed closed by temporary heat seals, prior to heating in the microwave oven.
• side gusset 22 generally comprises edge folds 33 and 34 and inwardly directed central fold 35.
• gusset 22 generally comprises edge folds 33 and 34 and inwardly directed central fold 35.
• panel 23 comprises edge folds 38 and 39 and inwardly directed central fold 40.
• Package 1 for the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, is folded from a multi-ply (i.e. a double-ply) blank.
• panel 20 includes central longitudinal seam 42 therein.
• Folds such as folds 33, 34, 35, 38, 39 and 40 are widely used for flexible microwave packaging, for example they are shown at U.S. Patent Nos. 5,044,777 and 5,195,829. and products using such folds are available under the commercial designation ACT II CR) from Golden Valley
• the folds 33, 34, 35, 38, 39 and 40 define, inter alia, gusset panels 48 and 49.
• the popcorn charge 30 may in some cases comprise unpopped kernels, in some instances flavored unpopped kernels, and in some instances it may comprise a mixture of unpopped kernels and oil/fat.
• the charge 30 comprises a mixture of unpopped kernels (whether flavored or not) and oil/fat, generally and preferably the oil/fat will be a material which is liquified at about 105°F. Under such circumstances, generally for preferred systems the weight of kernels to weight of oil/fat will preferably be in the range of about 2:1 to 20: 1.
• arrangement 1 includes microwave interactive constmction or susceptor 45.
• the microwave interactive constmction 45 may be of conventional microwave interactive stock. In the particular multi-ply (two-ply) arrangement 1 depicted, it is positioned between layers or plies 46, 47 from which flexible constmction 1 is folded.
• the microwave interactive material is a sheet of material secured to a single ply of material from which the flexible constmction is folded, see for example U.S.S.N. 08/389,755 filed February
• microwave interactive constmctions for arrangements according to the present invention, are described herein below.
• the microwave interactive construction is a laminate as described hereinbelow, it extends past fold lines A and B, Fig. 1, somewhat.
• it extends toward the openable top end 93, past fold line A about 0.4-1.0 inches; and, it extends toward bottom end 90, i.e. past fold line B, about 0.25-0.5 inches.
• the reason it is preferred that it extend somewhat further toward the top openable end 93 than the bottom closed end 90 is that generally the V- seals, described hereinbelow, at the bottom end, are a bit larger than the V-seals, described below, adjacent the top end. This will be apparent from the drawings and description relating to Figs. 3 and 4.
• Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a panel, sheet or blank 60, from which an arrangement according to Figs. 1 and 2 can be folded.
• Many of the features illustrated in Fig. 3 are generally known features, for example shown and described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,195,829 and 5,044,777.
• the view of Fig. 3 is of what is sometimes refe ⁇ ed to as the "backside" of panel 60, i.e., the side 61 of panel 60 which forms the interior surface ofthe assembled bag constmction 1, Fig. 1.
• panel 60 comprises a sheet of flexible material from which arrangement 1 is folded, and panel 60 includes various sealant fields thereon, to generate desired features.
• phantom line segments 63 define a region 64 with which at least a portion of a microwave interactive constmction, such as construction 45, will be associated in use.
• the perimeter defined by phantom lines 63 also indicates a location on surface 61 whereat the popcorn charge will eventually be positioned, in use.
• the microwave interactive constmction for example interactive constmction 45, Fig. 2, may be positioned on the interior ofthe constmction 1, on the exterior, or between plies. In general, for prefe ⁇ ed embodiments such as those shown in Figs. 1 and 2, microwave interactive constmction 45 will be positioned between plies. For the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 it is preferably on an exterior surface ofthe package.
• the surface 61 viewed is the surface which, when package 1 is folded, forms the interior surface of the constmction.
• the popcorn charge 30, then, will eventually be positioned over central region 64, defined by parameter lines 63.
• line 66 generally indicates where fold 34, Fig. 2, will be formed; and, line 67 generally indicates where fold 39, Fig. 2, will be formed.
• line 68 co ⁇ esponds with fold 35 (Fig. 2), line 69 with fold 40 (Fig. 2), line 70 with fold 33 (Fig. 2) and line 71 with fold 38 (Fig. 2).
• region 75, between fold lines 68 and 66 will eventually define panel 48, Fig 2; and, region 77, between fold lines 67 and 69, will eventually define panel 49, Fig. 2.
• Fig. 4 is a view of panel 60, shown flipped over, relative to Fig. 3. For orientation, in Fig. 4, edges 82 and 83 are opposite to Fig. 3. Sealant field 84 is used to engage field 85 (Fig. 3), during folding (with heat sealing), to form longitudinal seam or seal 42, Fig. 2.
• end seal 90 is located at a "top end” ofthe constmction, and is sized and configured to vent under intemal steam pressure, during use.
• End 93 forms the bottom end and remains sealed during use. The consumer's typical access to the popcorn is through "top" end 90. This is described in the 777 patent referenced above.
• sealant fields 95 and 96 on an underside of panel 60, Fig. 4, will engage (overlap) one another when folding around fold line 68 is conducted (with heat sealing), to help secure panel 60 in a prefe ⁇ ed configuration, after folding.
• This is analogous to what was done in the a ⁇ angement of U.S. Patent No. 5,195,829, Fig. 1(a), at sealant fields 82 and 84.
• sealant fields 98 and 99, on an underside of panel 60, Fig. 4 engage one another (with heat sealing) when the panel is folded about fold line 69. Referring again to Fig. 3, attention is now directed toward sealant fields 103,
• sealant field 120 engages (overlaps) sealant field 121; and, when the arrangement is folded about fold line 67, sealant field 123 engages (overlaps) sealant field 122.
• the engagement (after heat sealing) between fields 120 and 121 further ensures that panel 48 will be sealed against panel 21 ; and, the engagement between fields 123 and 122 will further insure that panel 49 is sealed against panel 21.
• Fields 105, 106, 107, 108, 120, 121, 122 and 123 help ensure that the central section 5, Fig.
• sealant fields 128, 129, 133 and 134 are also used to insure that panels 1 15 and 1 16 are sealed against panel 20, Fig. 2, so that the unpopped popcorn charge 30 is retained in tube 29, and does not substantially flow into tube 28 until desired during heating.
• fields 128 and 129 are oriented to engage (overlap) one another, when the arrangement is folded about fold line 70; and, fields 133 and 134 are oriented to engage (overlap) one another, when the a ⁇ angement is folded about fold line 71.
• engagement between fields 103 and 104, and also between fields 109 and 110 ensures that tube 28 is maintained collapsed, until the bag begins to expand as the steam is generated and the popcorn pops.
• fields 103 and 104, and also between fields 109 and 110 ensures that tube 28 is maintained collapsed, until the bag begins to expand as the steam is generated and the popcorn pops.
• fields 103 and 104, and also between fields 109 and 110 ensures that tube 28 is maintained collapsed, until the bag begins to expand as the steam is generated
• the material utilized for the end seals 90, 93 and seals involving regions 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 120, 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 133 and 134 is preferably a heat sealable material, activated through the use of conventional type heat sealing equipment. That is, sealing does not occur merely upon contact, but rather requires some application of heat, such as the heating jaws of heat sealing equipment for activation. This is preferred in part because it allows the seal material to be applied using printing equipment, to rollstock. Thus, the rollstock can be rolled up without various layers ofthe arrangement becoming adhered to one another.
• Reference numeral 165, Fig. 2 indicates the laminating adhesive between: portions ofthe outer ply 47 and the susceptor constmction 45; and, portions of the inner ply 46 and the outer ply 47.
• the adhesive utilized in these regions is a polyvinyl acetate adhesive or ethylene vinyl acetate adhesive, capable of releasing some vinyl acetate during drying.
• Reference numeral 166 identifies the laminating adhesive between the "metal" side ofthe microwave interactive constmction 45 and the adjacent paper stock, i.e. the inner ply 46.
• the adhesive located in region 166 may, in preferred applications, comprise a different material than used in regions 165. Indeed, the adhesive in region 166 will preferably comprise an adhesive of the type conventionally used in microwave popping bags, at this location. Thus, it will preferably be an ethylene vinyl acetate material.
• the laminating adhesive 165 in the regions or locations described is preferably not a polyvinyl acetate adhesive.
• it is an adhesive which will impart preferred greaseproof character, grease-resistant character, or both to the paper in these locations.
• a usable material to achieve this effect is a starch-based adhesive.
• the preferred starch-based adhesive which has been found to be useful to provide a secure construction, is the commercially available adhesive product 71-4253 available from National Starch and Chemical, Co., Minneapolis, MN 55344. This is a liquid co starch-based adhesive.
• the commercial product should be diluted, typically and preferably with about 0.5 gallons of water being added to about 15 gallons ofthe commercial product. This material has been found useful even in certain regions in the immediate vicinity of microwave interactive material or in the presence of portions ofthe arrangement which will become relatively hot due to heat transfer from hot popcorn and steam generated within the system and/or from hot oil or fat contained within the system.
• NS-Redisize 100 also available from National Starch and Chemical, Co. In general this material is not as prefe ⁇ ed because it is somewhat thick and not as easy to apply and evenly dry.
• desired adhesives including starch-based adhesives, usable according to the present invention are those which when applied between layers of paper in a test laminate as described and when tested as described, in the laminate, will provide a measured time to stain penetration under the tu ⁇ entine test of no less than 2 hours, preferably no less than 3 hours, and most preferably no less than 24 hours.
• the prefe ⁇ ed starch-based material 71-4253, described above and applied as described below, is observed to provide such a desirable greaseproof character.
• Preferred adhesives including starch-based adhesives, according to the present invention are those which when applied to a paper sheet and
• synthetic resins can be utilized as an altemative advantageous adhesive to starch-based adhesive.
• Usable materials include H.B. Fuller WB9039 or
• WB9040 synthetic resins available from H.B. Fuller of St. Paul, Minnesota. This type of material can be utilized in two-ply arrangements on both the inner ply and the outer ply.
• Another usable synthetic material is Franklin International polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive available under the trade designation EX No. TA-4-7 from Franklin
• the paper is one that, when tested hereinbelow either alone or in a laminate with a conventional polyvinyl acetate adhesive, provides a Scotchban ® grease resistance of less than kit 8 or greaseprooftiess of some measured tu ⁇ entine test value; and, when the conventional polyvinyl acetate is replaced with the replacement adhesive a greater than Scotchban® minimum kit 8 or a measured increase in greaseprooftiess by the tu ⁇ entine test results, then the replacement adhesive used is one which is advantageous according to some of the principles ofthe present invention.
• outer ply 47 comprises kraft paper, which during its production has been treated for grease resistance with a fluorochemical such as Scotchban ® FC807 to achieve a grease resistance of minimum kit 8.
• a fluorochemical such as Scotchban ® FC807
• grease resistance in the outer ply is provided simply by using, as the treatment material, a preferred adhesive as described above, in application to an otherwise not minimum kit 8, and preferably not chemically treated (for grease resistance), kraft paper.
• the prefe ⁇ ed adhesive materials described can be used to obtain improved grease-resistant character in the outer ply of kraft paper without the need for a fluorochemical treatment.
• a fluorochemically treated kraft paper having a Scotchban® test value of less than (for example) kit 8
• the inner ply 46 comprises a greaseproof paper.
• the inner ply can be formed from a kraft paper to which has been applied adhesive according to the present invention.
• the performance of an inner ply of greaseproof paper, having a Scotchban® test value of less than kit 8, or a low grease-resistant character, can be improved by using a treatment as described herein.
• Fig. 5 is a schematic representation for practicing certain prefe ⁇ ed processes according to the present invention, to prepare rollstock from which advantageous microwave bag constmctions can be made. It will be understood that a wide variety of techniques and methods can be used to prepare desirable rollstock. Fig. 5, and the discussion related thereto, is presented as an example of a usable technique.
• the rollstock prepared according to the schematic shown therein is one which provides a rollstock of material having two plies of paper, with a microwave interactive material positioned therebetween.
• the rollstock prepared in the schematic of Fig. 5 could be used to prepare an arrangement such as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
• the final rollstock material prepared according to the process is indicated generally at 180.
• the three feedstock materials used, are indicated generally at 185, 186 and 187.
• Feedstock 187 comprises the microwave interactive constmction, pre-prepared for use in processes according to the present invention.
• feedstock 187 would comprise continuous metallized polymeric film.
• the metal would be deposited and positioned on only one side ofthe polymeric film. The metal film need not cover the entire side on which it is applied, and may be presented in a pattem.
• the feedstock indicated at 186 comprises the material which, in the overall assembly, will form the ply corresponding to the inside ply ofthe bag.
• it may comprise a kraft paper.
• it may be a greaseproof paper.
• Feedstock 185 generally corresponds to the material which will form the outer ply, and thus is typically a bleached kraft paper. In some applications, it will eventually be printed on, so it will often be a material which has a machine glazed finish. In some applications, it will be a material which has been treated with a fluorochemical treatment for grease-resistance. In others, it will not.
• phantom lines 190 identify a first stage or stage 1 ofthe process. In this stage, the various feedstocks are laminated together to form a continuous feed or web 193, fed to downstream processing.
• stage 1 190, the processes conducted are as follows. Continuous feedstock 187 of microwave interactive material is fed to station 195, simultaneously with feedstock 186. At station 195, the two are laminated to one another. In general then, at station 195, a knife blade or cutter will be used to cut selected pieces of microwave interactive material from feedstock 187 for positioning on continuous paper stream 196. Conventional arrangements for cutting, such as those schematically shown in U.S. application 08/388,755, Fig. 1 1, may be used. At station
• microwave interactive material comprises a sheet of polymeric material with a metal layer deposited on one side thereof.
• the microwave interactive material is secured to web 196 with the metal layer positioned between web 196 and the polymeric sheet.
• the adhesive applied at station 197 is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive.
• a usable, commercially available, product is Product No.
• the particular preferred adhesive described above, as being positioned between the metal side ofthe microwave interactive material and the inner web 196, is not an adhesive which imparts substantial greaseproof character to the inner layer 187 or the overall laminate, according to the present invention. Rather, it is an adhesive which has conventionally been used in such laminations.
• a reason for this is that the presently identified preferred adhesives identified as usable in arrangements according to the present invention, for example starch-based adhesives as indicated above, do not perform well (as adhesives) when in direct contact with the metal ofthe microwave interactive material. In general, when such adhesives are brought into direct contact with the metal of microwave interactive susceptor, an undesirable propensity for delamination at this location is observed.
• the plastic substrate ofthe microwave interactive material provides a substantial barrier to passage of grease therethrough.
• a laminating adhesive will be applied between the web, 200, with patches thereon, and a web of paper, 204, brought into contact therewith. This laminating adhesive will provide for grease barrier properties, in prefe ⁇ ed applications, to both the web which forms the inner sheet ofthe resulting product and also to at least those portions ofthe web which form the inner ply, but which are not covered by the microwave interactive constmction patch.
• printing techniques such as flexographic or gravure techniques, can be used to apply this adhesive.
• stage 1 (Ref. 190)
• Simultaneously paper stock from feedstock 185 is shown directed to station 201 as a continuous web 204.
• the laminating adhesive is applied to web 204.
• the laminating adhesive may be applied, for example, using flexographic or gravure techniques.
• the laminating adhesive applied at station 205 to web 204 will be an appropriate material to impart some grease barrier character to web 204.
• web 200 is pressed through a roller bite and is laminated, in a continuous operation, to web 204, with microwave interactive material therebetween, to form web 193.
• the laminating adhesive is a material which needs to be cured, such as a starch-based adhesive
• this generally comprises a stage (stage 2), at which the adhesive is "cured".
• starch-based adhesives or starch-based laminating materials typically require substantial heat to be acceptably cured. Typically they need to be exposed to temperatures on the order of about 150° to 200°F for a brief period of time to achieve an irreversible cure.
• This can be readily accomplished in a continuous web process by feeding web 193 around (or between) heated or hot rollers 21 1, sometimes referred to as "hot cans”.
• the heated rollers transmit sufficient heat to the web 193 to result in the formation of a continuous, cured web 212.
• a printing press stage III
• a wide variety of printing press arrangements can be used, including ones for applying multicolor printing or graphics.
• a continuous, printed web is shown exiting the printing press 213.
• a grease-resistant treatment can optionally be applied to the surface ofthe web 212, which will become the outer surface ofthe package in use. This can be done either before or after the printing.
• the treatment can be applied by a printing press analogously to the application of printing.
• the same material that is applied as the laminating adhesive at station 205 is applied to the outer web in press 213, to provide a desirable grease-resistant character to the outer ply 196.
• different materials can be used as the adhesive between the plies, and as the treatment on the outer surface ofthe outer ply.
• continuous web 214 is directed into a preliminary dryer 215.
• the dryer 215 the ink and the grease-resistant treatment are dried.
• the dryer will comprise a forced-air dryer system running at about 150° to 250°F.
• the residence time in the dryer need only be sufficient to obtain a desired level of drying for the web.
• a residence time sufficient to get a web temperature of 150°F to 190°F is prefe ⁇ ed.
• this step is represented as conducted at station 220.
• the heat-seal adhesive can be applied by conventional techniques, for example, using gravure or flexographic printing.
• the continuous web is shown with the heat-seal fields applied thereto, being fed into a final dryer 225.
• the heat-seal adhesive is dried, final drying ofthe ink occurs, and a final drying or curing of the starch-based adhesive (if used) takes place.
• this can be conducted readily with a forced- air dryer system, typically set at about 250° to 400°F.
• the completed continuous web is shown being directed into final rollstock 180.
• the fields of heat seal material for example fields 95, 96, 98 and 99, Fig. 4 are applied after the application of grease-resistant treatment. This is preferred, especially if the grease-resistant treatment is being applied over the entire (outer) surface of a web.
• a reason for this is that when grease-resistant treatments, such as adhesives described herein, are applied over heat sealant fields, they tend to interfere with operation ofthe heat seal fields.
• the heat seal field can be applied before the grease-resistant treatment is applied.
• Processes such as those shown in Fig. 5 can be conducted to prepare printed rollstock with more than one sheet or bag oriented adjacent one another, on the final rollstock 180. This could later be split or cut to form individual streams to be fed into continuous bag-forming operations.
• a particularly convenient manner for orienting the printed bag blanks continuously on the webs to form a desirable rollstock 180, is with printed pattems of bags oriented side-by-side but rotationally offset by 90° (on the roller during printing). This helps ensure smooth operation ofthe application system, especially where the anilox transfers ink to the plates.
• Fig. 6 is generally analogous to Fig. 5, and the same reference numerals are utilized to indicate similarly operating portions.
• a forced-air drying system 230 is used in the arrangement of Fig. 6, as an altemative to using a hot roller or hot can system (as was indicated in Fig. 5 at 210).
• a forced-air drying system 230 is used in the arrangement of Fig. 6, as an altemative to using a hot roller or hot can system (as was indicated in Fig. 5 at 210) a forced-air drying system 230 is used.
• air at about 100° to 200°F, depending primarily on the particular adhesive chosen and the residence time.
• FIG. 7 a perspective view is presented, of an altemate bag a ⁇ angement according to the present invention.
• the bag arrangement depicted in Fig. 7 is shown with one end open.
• bag arrangement 300 comprises a single ply of material 301 having microwave interactive constmction 302 secured thereto.
• material 301 comprises greaseproof paper material, or kraft paper which is has been treated according to the present invention to be greaseproof.
• Microwave interactive constmction 302 is preferably secured to material 301, through use ofthe prefe ⁇ ed adhesive described above for securing the metal side of constmction 45 to the inner ply, at 166.
• microwave interactive constmction 302 comprises an outer sheet of paper having, laminated thereto, a metallized polymeric film. The constmction comprising the outer paper and the metallized polymeric film is then laminated to material 301, preferably with the metal layer directed toward the bag 300.
• the outer paper sheet of microwave interactive constmction 302, shown generally at 305 preferably comprises a kraft paper, and most preferably a kraft paper which has been treated for grease resistance. Techniques described herein to provide grease resistance in kraft paper without fluorochemical treatment can be utilized to provide the grease-resistant character in sheet 305, if desired.
• Fig. 7 depicts a bag arrangement 300 utilizing various optional materials according to the present invention, to advantage, in a constmction wherein the bag is folded from a sheet of material of only 1 -ply, with more than one ply only being present in those locations whereat the microwave interactive constmction or susceptor
• Preferred materials will, in general, depend upon the particular embodiment. At the present, preferred materials are as follows.
• the preferred rollstock of microwave interactive material comprises an aluminum film vacuum deposited on Hoechst Celanese 2600 60 gauge polyester film, sufficient to give an optical density of 0.25 ⁇ .05 as measured by a Tobias densitometer.
• Such a material can be prepared by, and obtained from, Madico of Wobum, MA 01888.
• the preferred rollstock of microwave interactive material comprises an aluminum film vacuum deposited on a Hoechst Celanese 2600 48 gauge polyester film, sufficient to give an optical density 0.25 ⁇ .05 as measured by a Tobias densitometer, with the plastic side laminated to a layer of paper, such as RHI-PEL 250, with WC3460ZZ.
• the metallized polyester can be obtained from Madico of Wobum, MA 01888. Usable laminate, with paper applied thereto, is available from Phoenix Packaging of Maple Grove, MN.
• the preferable heat sealable adhesive usable to form the heat seal pattem is a polyvinyl acetate homopolymer adhesive such as Duracet 12 available from Franklin International, Inc. of Columbus, OH.
• the seals, when such materials are used, can be formed in a conventional manner using the heated jaws of a heat sealing apparatus.
• the preferred adhesive for securing the metal side ofthe microwave interactive constmction to the immediately adjacent paper is a conventional laminating adhesive used for microwave interactive constmctions in packages.
• Preferred ones are ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer adhesives, for example Product No. WC-3460ZZ from H.B. Fuller Company of Vadnais Heights, MN.
• a similar adhesive is prefe ⁇ ed in the one-ply arrangement of Fig. 1, for securing the metal side ofthe microwave interactive constmction to the paper.
• the preferred web is a flexible paper material having a basis weight no greater than about 25 pounds per ream, preferably within the range of 21-25 pounds.
• FC807 fluorochemical treated paper having a grease-resistant character under the Scotchban® test of minimum kit 8.
• a usable material is Rhinelander greaseproof RHI-PEL 250, available from Rhinelander Paper Company of Rhinelander, WI 54501.
• FC807 is a chemical treatment available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN.
• the preferred web is a flexible paper material having a basis weight no greater than about 45 lb/ream (or about 73 gram/square meter) and generally about 25-40 lb/ream (about 57 gram/meter square) or less, more preferably about 35 lb/ream.
• RHI-PEL 371 available from Rhinelander Paper Company of Rhinelander, WI 54501.
• the chemical used for the treatment, to render a greaseproof character to the paper, is Scotchban ® FX-845.
• the chemical Scotchban ® FX-845 is commercially available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company of St. Paul, MN 55144-1000.
• the paper when the material used to form the inner ply ofthe paper is chosen as a paper that is not highly refined or highly chemically treated for greaseprooftiess, prior to the laminating adhesive being applied thereto, preferably the paper is a kraft paper having a basis weight of no greater than about 25 lb/ream, generally about 21-25 lb/ream or less. It may have, when evaluated for pin hole testing at least 1 hole/inch and in fact may be 8 holes/inch , up to about 250 holes/inch or more.
• a usable commercially available example is EB Eddy Grade
• the material forming the inner ply is a material which has been treated for grease-resistant character, but does not have a grease-resistance of minimum kit 8 when measured by the Scotchban® test
• a usable material is Thilmany 1002, an FC807 treated paper having a kit 4 fluorocarbon level.
• the preferred material for use in forming the outer paper layer, in a multi-ply constmction is a bleached kraft paper, sufficiently refined (or machine glazed) for printing thereon. It is preferably not a material which has been chemically treated, prior to application ofthe laminating adhesive and/or outer coating according to the present invention thereto. Thus, it can be a kraft paper of 0 kit and even have pin holes of 1 to
• Prefe ⁇ ed materials are 21-25 pound kraft machine glazed paper, such as EB Eddy Grade 5160.
• the preferred laminating adhesive for use in multi-ply arrangements, other than between the metal and the paper to which it is in immediate contact, is an adhesive which will impart greaseprooftiess to the inner paper layer ofthe laminate in which it is applied, when tested according to the tu ⁇ entine test in the manner provided herein.
• the preferred adhesives for use in application to the outer web, to provide grease-resistant character thereto, is a material which, when tested according to the Scotchban ® test in the manner provided herein, will impart a resistance of at least minimum kit 8.
• this test concerns a determination ofthe time needed to pass 100 cc of air through a one inch square area of paper (or laminate).
• Tu ⁇ entine Test In general, this test relates to the time for a tu ⁇ entine solution to penetrate or drain through the paper stock. This is a test of greaseprooftiess.
• the timer will start automatically when the electric eye detects the lower edge ofthe silver area on the cylinder and will automatically stop when it detects the upper edge ofthe silver area. When the timer stops, record the elapsed time. Record time before moving cylinder back to starting position.
• the inner cylinder When finished using the SPS Tester, the inner cylinder should be left in the upper position and the electric eye should be tumed off.
• the SPS Tester should be checked for accuracy periodically. Check unit by using the Porosity Test Plate. When set up for proper porosity measurement. 100 cc of air will pass through the hole in the plate in 18.8 seconds +/- 5%. The range will be
• Tube of any rigid material, 25 mm (1 in.) i.d. and at least 25 mm (1 in.) in height, the ends of which have been smoothed for holding sand.
• Tu ⁇ entine moisture-free and colored; to 100 mL of pure gum spirits tu ⁇ entine, sp gr 0.860 to 0.875 at 16°C (60°F), add 5 g of anhydrous calcium chloride and 1.0 g of an oil-soluble red dye. Stopper the container, shake well, and let stand for at least 10 hr, shaking occasionally. Then filter through a dry filter paper at a temperature of approximately 21 °C (70°F), and store in an airtight bottle.
• the tu ⁇ entine should be added to each specimen at equally incremental times (e.g. every 10 seconds) so that the end point for each specimen can be more easily determined.
• Test Bottles - 3M Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co., St. Paul, MN
• the kit includes, inter alia: small (50 ml) bottles for use during testing and equipped with droppers or rods for application of solutions to the sheet to be tested.
• small (50 ml) bottles for use during testing and equipped with droppers or rods for application of solutions to the sheet to be tested.
• Absorbent Cotton or Tissue 3.
• test specimen Place each test specimen on a clean flat surface, test side up, being careful not to touch the area to be tested.
• Drop on the test area from a height of about one inch (2.5 cm), a drop of test solution from an intermediate Kit Number testing bottle. Start a stopwatch as the drop is applied. After exactly 15 seconds, remove the excess fluid with a clean swatch of cotton or tissue and immediately examine the wetted area. Failure (i.e. staining or lack of grease resistance) is evidenced by a pronounced darkening ofthe specimen caused by penetration, even in a small area, under the drop. Repeat the procedure as required, making sure that drops from other Kit Number bottles fall in untouched areas.
• Kit Rating which is the highest numbered solution that stands on the surface ofthe specimen for 15 seconds without causing failure. Report the average Kit Rating of five specimens to the nearest whole number.
• Draw down roller, 220 line anilox with 90 durometer mbber roller, 2 3/4" wide
• PROCEDURE 1. Tape backing paper, 8 1/2" x 11", to draw down board or other flat surface.
• Microwave Foods of Edina, MN, the assignee ofthe present invention, is constmcted of a lamination of a printed bleached (or natural) kraft paper, adhesive, thin film metallized susceptor, adhesive and a greaseproof bleached kraft paper.
• the inner ply or the greaseproof bleached kraft paper provides the primary oil or grease barrier in this conventional package.
• the conventional greaseproof inner liner was evaluated for greaseproof and grease-resistant characteristics by the use of four standard tests: porosity, tu ⁇ entine test, Scotchban® kit test and pin hole test. Other types of experimental tests may be used by paper companies to characterize "greaseproof or grease-resistant paper properties, however the ones described herein are widely used and are sufficiently accurate and reproducible. In general,
• the porosity ofthe grade of greaseproof inner liner used in the conventional microwave popcorn bag ranges from 1000 seconds Gurley to 4000 seconds Gurley. Porosity is measured with a densimeter called a Teledyne Gurley Model No. 4190.
• the inner ply sheets can be very porous and have porosities that are reflected by times of less than 1000 seconds Gurley, and even less than 500 seconds Gurley.
• EB Eddy Grade 5160 is a high porosity, kit 8, machine grade kraft paper from EB Eddy Paper Co., Port Huron, MI.
• EB Eddy Grade 5146 is a high porosity, kit 0, machine grade kraft paper from EB Eddy Paper Co., Port Huron, MI.
• Thilmany Grade 1002 is a low porosity, kit 4, grease-resistant kraft paper from International Paper of Kaukauna, WI.
• Thilmany Grade 1037 is a low porosity, kit 8, grease-resistant kraft paper from International Paper of Kaukauna, WI.
• Papers that are manufactured to resist the penetration of oil are tested with colored tu ⁇ entine to report their "greaseproofness".
• the greaseproofness ofthe grade of inner liner used in a conventional microwave popcorn bag is specified at Golden Valley Microwave Foods at 180 minutes (3 hours), with a 100 minutes (1.67 hours) minimum. With the material that forms the inner liner of conventional arrangements, one often sees results that exceed 24 hours.
• the time between the start ofthe test and the first indication of staining is reported as the "greaseproofness" ofthe paper sheet. A long time or high test indicates a slow drainage rate through the sheet while a short time indicates a fast drainage rate through the sheet.
• the results were obtained following the TAPPI test procedure described above with the results being from one sample and no pre-conditioning ofthe sheets.
• the sample to be evaluated is cut 4" x 4" and is placed on the calendared sheet specified.
• the tube is used to ensure a uniform cone of silica sand.
• the tube is removed after the 5 grams of sand are added to it.
• the sand is saturated with 1.1 ml of colored tu ⁇ entine.
• the timer is started immediately after the colored tu ⁇ entine is added.
• the samples are carefully moved at timed intervals, such as every 10 to 15 seconds for the first three minutes ofthe test, then every 10 to 15 minutes for the next three hours ofthe test, and then every 60 minutes for the remainder ofthe test time.
• the time between the start of the test and the first indication of staining is reported as the "greaseproofness" ofthe paper sheet.
• kit rating greye-resistance
• kit level 8 The kit rating (grease-resistance) ofthe grade of inner liner used in the conventional Golden Valley Microwave Foods microwave popcorn bag is specified at kit level 8, minimum. Results at kit 9 to kit 1 1 are common.
• kit test measures the level of 3M Scotchban® Protector or FC807 present in the paper sheet. FC807 is an invisible grease and oil banier with the primary pu ⁇ ose of preventing oil stain. It also provides a second level of protection from pin holes and inhibits wicking along cut edges, folds, score lines and seams. examples:
• 3M Company provides a test kit package that includes level 3-12. Small (50 ml) test bottles at each level are included along with droppers for application of solution to the paper to be tested. The test procedure described above was followed. One drop of test solution is dropped from the height of one inch onto the test sample. A stopwatch is started as the drop is applied. After 15 seconds the drop is removed with a tissue and the wetted area is examined. Failure (i.e. staining) is evidenced by a darkened area under the drop. Kit level is reported as the highest numbered solution that stands on the surface of the sheet for 15 seconds without failing (staining).
• the pin hole count ofthe grade of greaseproof inner liner used in the conventional Golden Valley Microwave Foods microwave popcorn bag is 0-1 per square inch.
• Pin holes are straight through pores in the cellulose fibers ofthe paper sheets which are not visible to the naked eye.
• numerous pin holes are unacceptable since they detract from the sheet's ability to resist the penetration of oil.
• a high number of pin holes in conventional thinking indicates a poorly formed sheet while a low number of pin holes indicates a well formed dense sheet.
• the inner liner may even have numerous pin holes. The following tests indicate some examples.
• test samples were prepared as described in the section below concerning test laminates.
• the laminates were tested for porosity and tu ⁇ entine greaseproofness by the methods previously described for the paper sheets. The laminates compared as follows:
• the adhesive used in each case was NS #71-4253 as described below.
• the laminates with Duracet 12 were relatively porous and were not greaseproof.
• Changing to an adhesive according to the present invention resulted in a non-porous, greaseproof laminate, even though porous, non-greaseproof papers were used.
• the outer sheet or Thilmany 1037 was overall coated with
• Sample 4 was made with paper layers of minimum kit 4.
• Sample 5 shows that a greaseproof, nonporous lamination can even be made with a highly porous, non- fluorochemically treated, kraft paper.
• EB Eddy Grade 5146 is a non-fluorochemically treated paper although EB Eddy 5160 is kit 8.
• test samples comprise simply a piece of paper. In others, they comprise a piece of paper with a coating applied thereto.
• they comprise a laminate of two sheets of paper, secured to one another by an adhesive.
• methods for preparing the various samples to be tested, and detailed recitations of certain calculations or measurements made on the samples, are provided.
• the equipment used is readily and commercially available, and altemate equipment which performs similarly can be used.
• a portion of the coating material to be applied is drawn down on the 23# E.B. Eddy Grade 5146 paper with an appropriate drawdown rod.
• Drawdown rods are available from CSD Tech International, Inc., Consler Scientific Design Division, P.O.
• each coating is obtained by comparison ofthe weight of a precisely cut portion of plain paper and paper containing the coating.
• the weight ofthe paper strip is subtracted from the weight ofthe coated strip.
• the coating weight in grams is then multiplied by the conversion factor for the given template size to obtain the coating weight in pounds per ream.
• Table I contains results of grease resistant characteristics of coatings tested.
• Paper for Lamination a. Two sheets; inner and outer, 23# E.B. Eddy Grade 5146; a high porosity Kit 0, machine grade kraft paper from E.B. Eddy Paper Co.
• Laminating Adhesive Preparation a. Each laminating adhesive is mixed and diluted with water if necessary to provide an appropriate consistency for laboratory drawdowns.
• a portion ofthe laminating adhesive is applied by drawing it down on a 23# E.B. Eddy Grade 5146 sheet with an appropriate drawdown rod while simultaneously laminating the other sheet of 23# E.B. Eddy Grade 5146 by nipping it over the laminating adhesive with a #0 rod or a 3/4" O.D. stainless steel rod. Again the selection ofthe drawdown rod used to evenly spread the adhesive is based on the desired basis weight ofthe dried lamination adhesive.
• the basis weight of the laminating adhesive is obtained by comparison ofthe weight of a precisely cut portions of each paper in the lamination to the weight ofthe total lamination. The weight ofthe paper strip is subtracted from the weight ofthe total lamination strip. The laminating adhesive weight is then multiplied by the conversion factor for the given template size to obtain the laminating adhesive weight in pounds per ream.
• PURPOSE To determine the amount of lamination adhesive on rollstock.
• PROCEDURE 1. Align rollstock in punch press to cut a 9/16" x 2-3/8" area. The area should not include additional heat seal coating or MPET. Downstroke handle of punch press to cut sample, upstroke handle to expel sample.
• REPORT Calculated basis weight of lamination adhesive.
• PURPOSE To determine content of adhesive or other coating materials.
• HI TEMP SP Press HI TEMP SP to display the currently programmed initial temperature. It should read 160; if not, use the "up” or “down” arrow keys while simultaneously pressing the HI TEMP SP key to adjust temperature.
• Max-50 will display oo and then LOAD light will come on.
• the Max-50 will beep at 30%sample weight.
• the CLOSE light will come on. Liquid samples should always be mixed or shaken to ensure a homogeneous mixture before sampling.
• % MOIS and FINAL lights will come on. Press % SOLIDS to display that value. The CHECK lamp will also light as a reminder to remove the sample from the chamber.
• some subject matter may be defined with respect to choice of an adhesive which, if it were applied in a test lamination as laminating adhesive between two plys of non-greaseproof paper, provides the test lamination with some defined greaseproofness or similar characteristic.
• a paper which is suitable for conduct of such a test is 23# EB Eddy Grade 5146 or a similar paper, as defined in Section F, above.
• the claim and subject matter may be defined with respect to use of an adhesive which provides certain characteristics as a laminating adhesive between two plys of paper which correspond to the paper used in the actual construction.

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• 1995
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