WO1997011639A1 - Analyseur de la structure de tissus - Google Patents

Analyseur de la structure de tissus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997011639A1
WO1997011639A1 PCT/JP1996/002767 JP9602767W WO9711639A1 WO 1997011639 A1 WO1997011639 A1 WO 1997011639A1 JP 9602767 W JP9602767 W JP 9602767W WO 9711639 A1 WO9711639 A1 WO 9711639A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tissue
bones
bone
maximum
frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1996/002767
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Sadayuki Ueha
Naoki Ohtomo
Original Assignee
Aloka Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aloka Co., Ltd. filed Critical Aloka Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO1997011639A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997011639A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0875—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of bone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for breaking a tissue structure in relation to evaluation of a living tissue, and more particularly to a new type of apparatus for analyzing the structure of cancellous bone using ultrasonic waves.
  • a biological tissue evaluation device which transmits and transmits ultrasonic waves to a living body to evaluate and diagnose the biological tissue.
  • Examples of such a biological tissue evaluation device and evaluation method are as follows: Japanese Patent Application No. 4-11277751, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-5553, which was previously proposed by the present applicant. No. 1 and Japanese Patent Application No. 5-18040541.
  • the device proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-1 27 751 is a device for evaluating bones in living tissue, in particular.
  • the ultrasonic velocity is used to determine the speed of sound in bones.
  • the bone density (the amount of minerals per unit volume) is determined by measurement, and the results of these measurements are used to calculate an evaluation value for bone stiffness.
  • a bone evaluation is performed based on the attenuation characteristics of a field base that transmits ultrasonic waves to the bone.
  • Japanese Patent Application No. 5-185041 discloses a method for estimating the coefficient values (sound speed, attenuation constant, etc.) relating to the ultrasonic wave propagation characteristics in a living tissue. From the ultrasonic reception signal, the coefficient value relating to the ultrasonic wave propagation characteristics is obtained using the so-called iso-ffii transmission line theory.
  • the transmitting oscillator and the receiving oscillator are linearly opposed to each other with a living tissue interposed therebetween, and the living tissue is evaluated based on the received signals. .
  • ultrasonic waves transmitted to living tissues are diffracted and scattered by the microscopic structure in the living tissues, so that transmitted ultrasonic waves have a certain degree of spatial spread.
  • diffraction-scattered ultrasonic waves (ultrasonic waves other than linearly transmitted ultrasonic waves) are not considered at all.
  • Such a diffracted ultrasonic wave is considered to reflect the internal structure of the living tissue, and conversely, there is a possibility that the tissue structure can be estimated from the scattered ultrasonic wave.
  • Japanese Tokkaihei 6-2646491 proposes a technology that utilizes such distribution characteristics of scattered ultrasonic waves.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new type of apparatus for estimating an internal structure of a living tissue based on ultrasonic waves scattered in a living tissue. It is in.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device which can estimate the thickness and interval of trabecular bones useful for diagnosing diseases such as osteoporosis. Disclosure of the invention
  • an apparatus for transmitting ⁇ months from a tree includes a transmitting means for transmitting ultrasonic waves to living tissue, and receiving ultrasonic waves transmitted and scattered through the living tissue.
  • a receiving means for transmitting ultrasonic waves to living tissue, and receiving ultrasonic waves transmitted and scattered through the living tissue.
  • a receiving means a frequency characteristic calculating means for calculating a frequency characteristic of the received signal from the receiving means, and a structure for estimating the structure of the living tissue based on the frequency characteristic. It is characterized by including analysis means and.
  • the present invention realizes the 6-space method and f-space method described later.
  • the continuous wave is used in the 6-space method, and this method has the advantage that the SZN ratio is relatively high, but points out the problems caused by the standing wave.
  • the f-space method uses a pulse wave, so that a standing wave is unlikely to occur and the resolution can be easily improved by temporal operation. Therefore, in the tree invention, the f-space method is desirably applied.
  • the tree invention is characterized in that the string! 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ solution ⁇ means estimates an unknown parameter (directly based on the frequency characteristic S) of an unknown parameter included in a theoretical equation obtained by modeling a raw woven fabric.
  • the string! 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ solution ⁇ means estimates an unknown parameter (directly based on the frequency characteristic S) of an unknown parameter included in a theoretical equation obtained by modeling a raw woven fabric.
  • This is characterized by the fact that the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ By applying the measured data to In the case of lamé, if the sacrifice is squamous bone, the thickness of the bone corresponds to the thickness of the bone.
  • the thickness of the bone is said to have a difference in the strength of the bone. It can provide useful information especially for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
  • the present invention provides the tissue f structure solution ⁇ “ ⁇ means has a maximal rugged search means for searching for the maximum of the frequency characteristic, and determines the value of the unknown parameter using the maximum.
  • the method estimates the maximal condition from the basic theoretical formula and estimates the value of the unknown parameter by applying the measured data to the maximal condition.
  • the present invention provides the tissue structure solution f ⁇ r means, wherein the fitting means for estimating the value of the unknown parameter is set so that a theoretical characteristic based on the theoretical formula matches the frequency characteristic.
  • the values of a plurality of unknown parameters are determined by the fitting based on the above-mentioned maximal conditions and the basic theoretical formulas.Of course, the values of the unknown parameters can be estimated by various methods. It is.
  • the present invention also provides that the living tissue is trabecular bone, and the tissue fracturing means has a theoretical formula obtained by modeling trabecular bone as a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged cylinders. The value of the unknown parameter included in the theoretical formula is determined based on the frequency characteristics.
  • the present invention provides the above-mentioned theoretical formula, wherein at least one of the distance between the bones and the diameter of the bone trabeculae is included as an unknown parameter, and the tissue structure solving means comprises: The method is characterized in that at least one of them is estimated within the range.
  • the present invention provides the above-mentioned tissue crushing and unraveling means, wherein: a theoretical formula storage means storing the theoretical formula; a maximal rugged search means for searching for a maximum of the frequency characteristic; A beam interval estimating means for estimating a beam interval as an unknown parameter included in the theoretical formula; and; a theoretical characteristic based on a self-theoretical formula; a value of the unknown parameter so as to match the frequency characteristic. It is characterized by two means, including: a means of notifying to determine the ⁇ of the bone by adjusting.
  • the method for determining the distance between the local maximum and the maximum is based on the frequency difference between the maximum and the maximum. It is characterized in that it has means for determining the distance between the bones and the inclination of the bones. Further, in the present invention, in order to estimate the distance between the bones and the inclination of the bones, scattered ultrasonic waves are received at at least two different scattering angles, and the frequency characteristics of the received ultrasonic waves are used. And the inclination of the trabecular bone is determined.
  • the method according to the present invention includes: a step of preliminarily modeling a biological tissue in terms of ultrasonic scattering to obtain a theoretical formula; a step of transmitting an ultrasonic wave toward the biological tissue; Receiving the scattered ultrasonic waves, calculating the frequency characteristics of the received signal obtained by receiving the ultrasonic waves, and calculating the unknown and 'lamameter values included in the theoretical expression. Estimating based on frequency characteristics.
  • the fine structure of a living tissue can be estimated by measuring the scattered ultrasonic wave from a living tissue. Further, according to the present invention, the interval and thickness of trabecular bone can be determined, and useful information for diagnosing osteoporosis can be provided.
  • Figure 1 shows a two-dimensional model of cancellous bone.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a model when the number of layers in the column is one and there is no inclination.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a model of a field base with a column array of one layer and a slope.
  • Fig. 4 shows a large number of circles! ! It is a figure which shows the model of the place stand which makes a structure and has the inclination.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing, as a simulation result, the relationship between the scattering angle and the intensity of the scattered ultrasonic wave.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and the intensity of the scattered ultrasonic wave as a simulation result.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scattered SU degree and f n , ⁇ .
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the test system.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scattering angle and the strength of one wire net.
  • 0 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scattering angle and f n (e) for one wire net c
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and the strength for one wire net.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scattering angle and the strength for five wire meshes. 1 3, Ru FIG der showing the relationship between the scattering angle and f [rho () for five wire mesh c
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and the strength for five wire nets.
  • Figure 15 shows the relationship between the scattering angle of the human calcaneus and f ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship between frequency and strength for the calcaneus of the human body.
  • Figure 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scattering angle and f ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) for the bovine femur (
  • Fig. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and the strength of the femur of a cow.
  • Fig. 19 is a diagram showing the structure of a living tissue evaluation system based on the wood invention. Principle of
  • the cancellous bone inside the bone is made up of a reticulated trabecular bone and bone marrow filling it. It is said that the pathology of osteoporosis is related to the thickness of the trabecular bone in cancellous bone, and by measuring the diameter of the trabecular bone, the pathology of osteoporosis can be quantitatively determined. It can be diagnosed.
  • trabecular bone is composed of trabeculae having a mesh ti structure and bone marrow forming the same.
  • the cancellous bone is irradiated with a plane wave, and the scattered waves from the cancellous bone are detected on the circumference around the cancellous bone.
  • cancellous bone can be modeled with a structure in which cylinders (trabecular bones) are arranged at equal intervals as shown in Fig. 1.
  • J n (. ⁇ ) is n order lk? Ssel ⁇ ⁇ , H n (2)
  • x) is the second 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ order ilankel ⁇ number, and 'is the derivative.
  • k is the wave number, is the density, the subscript ⁇ , ⁇ is the medium (bone marrow) and the circle (trabecular bone), and ⁇ is the circle (trabecular bone:> tree, subscript ..,. . Represents the X and y directions in FIG.
  • a (f, ⁇ , a) is the scattering function of a 2 £ circle, the i ffi wave or ⁇ ⁇
  • B (f, ⁇ , b is the & circle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ It can be understood as the sum of the 'i-slurry' 4j-like phase differences.
  • the scattering function s (f) obtained when the angles e and ⁇ in Fig. 6 are constant is the same as S ( ⁇ ) in Fig. 5; can be obtained a, b than the ratio (hereinafter, referred to as "f empty question method").
  • the incident field stand ultrasonic irradiation sufficiently thin plate-like sample than the width and to the strip (bovine contour of the sample and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ N V, as follows (6) and (9) Becomes dominant (
  • Table 2 shows four types of measurement methods using the above mathematical features.
  • Equations (6), (7), (9) and (10) have different extrema depending on the measurement method. Looking at 0, each equation has a minimum ⁇ , which is poled by the sample inclination ⁇ according to the value of 6> +0.
  • the value of 2 + ⁇ has a minimum value determined by the detection angle.
  • the above are the measurement conditions taking into account the band of the scattering angle ⁇ ⁇ and the frequency f.
  • the impulse wave generated by the speaker is amplified by the amplifier, it is manually input to the transcoder.
  • the scattered wave was detected by the receiver, and the detected waveform was imported to the computer.
  • ⁇ the frequency response characteristic of the sample corresponding to a certain angle
  • the value of 1 to 3.5 [MHz] was evaluated in consideration of the frequency band of the oscillator.
  • the frequency that maximizes the amplitude in an appropriate frequency range is determined by changing the angle (or).
  • ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ )) was obtained from the two. That is, the frequency difference ⁇ f ( ⁇ ) between the two local maxima was determined with reference to the conditions shown in FIG. Then, by substituting the mu m f ⁇ ) into Eq. (12), the trabecular spacing b and the slope of the formula 0 (or) were determined. After that, pattern fitting such as the amplitude ratio of i S ( ⁇ I) was performed at an appropriate angle (or) to obtain the ⁇ ⁇ 2a of the trabecular bone.
  • FIGS. 9 and 11 show the values obtained by using the measured values of S ( ⁇ ) and S (f) and the measured values obtained by directly measuring the sample with calipers or the like. The values used in these are shown in Table 3 (unit: mm).
  • Figs. 12 to 14 show phantoms in which five wire meshes are similarly layered.
  • Equation (1) holds true for the measurement target with the correct mesh structure.
  • the space method uses a continuous wave, so it has a high S / N ratio and can be measured at low and voltage levels. However, standing waves may occur.
  • the effect on the fixed part is considered as a defect. In particular, the effect can be confirmed in Fig. 12 and the amplitude ⁇ Is considered to be averaged over the area range I (in this case, about 5 [°]), which is a cause of errors in the estimated values, etc. Considering the time required for measurement, it is actually The receiver must be arrayed.
  • the f-space method only measures at least two points spatially, and since it uses impulse waves, standing waves are unlikely to occur and the resolution can be easily improved by temporal operation. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 14, it is considered that sufficient accuracy can be obtained even with a simple device as shown in FIG.
  • the estimation method using S (f) is superior to S () in terms of resolution, reproducibility, measurement time, etc., and is considered suitable for actual diagnosis. .
  • Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 show the human calcaneus with the bone marrow washed out, and Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 cut out the femur of the cow filled with bone marrow into plates, respectively, to obtain ⁇ f ( ⁇ ) and And S (f).
  • Table 4 (unit: mm) shows the actual values measured with calipers and figs estimated from the ultrasonic scattering characteristics.
  • FIG. 19 shows a preferred embodiment of a living tissue evaluation iffi device according to the present invention
  • FIG. This apparatus measures the distance and thickness of the trabecular bone of the human calcaneus (cancellous bone) based on the “f-space method” described above.
  • the above principle can be applied to bones other than the calcaneus, and can also be applied to tissues other than the bones, as long as a model similar to the above-described model can be assumed.
  • a transmitting ultrasonic transducer 12 is disposed on one side of the heel 10, while a receiving ultrasonic transducer 1 is disposed on the other side of the heel 10.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 12 is composed of a single ultrasonic vibrator, and in order to realize the f-space method, an ultrasonic pulse that is a broadband ultrasonic wave is provided.
  • the heel 10 is transmitted to the heel 10.
  • the heel 10 is enclosed in a water tank as needed, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received in that state.
  • a total of ffl may be performed by bringing 1 2 and 14 into direct contact with the surface of the heel 10.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 14 is constituted by a single ultrasonic vibrator in the same manner as the ultrasonic vibrator 1.2, and the ultrasonic wave (Scattered ultrasonic waves), and receives ultrasonic waves radiated at a fixed angle i with respect to the transmission beam. That is, in the present embodiment, unlike the related art, the three elements of the transmitting ffl ultrasonic vibrator, the raw ultrasonic wave vibrator, and the receiving ultrasonic vibrator are arranged in a straight line. And the ultrasonic transducer 14 for receiving waves is turned upright. The angle can be adjusted by a transducer angle adjuster ⁇ il (not shown), and scattered ultrasonic waves can be received at a set angle.
  • a transducer angle adjuster ⁇ il not shown
  • a plurality of ultrasonic oscillators are set to a desired angle. Simultaneous reception can be performed by arranging in advance, and reception at a desired angle can be performed by using an array vibrator composed of a number of ultrasonic vibrating elements arranged on an arc or a straight line.
  • the transmitting unit 18 transmits (transmits) the transmitting signal to the ultrasonic vibrator 12 (the receiving unit 20 controls the transmitting unit 1).
  • the received signal output from the ultrasonic vibrator 14 is subjected to A / D conversion or the like with respect to the received word or symbol.
  • the FFT calculation unit 22 performs a Fourier transform on the received signal and the signal to calculate the ultrasonic intensity for each frequency. That is, the frequency characteristic of the received scattered ultrasonic wave is calculated.
  • the f-floor section 24 listens to the trabecular bone distance b and the straight line 2a from the frequency characteristics based on the above modeling, so the theoretical equation storage section, the maximum value steep rope section, and the fill distance operation , OEi ⁇ operation unit, etc.
  • the theoretical formula storage unit is the calculation formula necessary to realize the f-space method, that is, the above formulas (1), (2), and (5) , (1 2), etc.
  • the conditions necessary for the calculation (for example, the condition in FIG. 7) are stored in the second part ⁇ expression ⁇ t.
  • the iiS cable part specifies the frequency at which the amplitude becomes large within an appropriate frequency range according to the frequency characteristic.
  • the specification is based on the ft degree (or the 13 ⁇ 4 characteristic of the decimation factor obtained by changing the And ⁇ are performed on the two mathematical properties of ⁇ .
  • the interval is the ft degree of the number (the maximum 9 9 for 9 is the IS1 wavenumber difference Calculate the trabecular spacing b and the slope 0 using equation (1 2).
  • the diameter calculation unit fits the theoretical characteristics while changing the unknown parameter a with respect to the frequency characteristics at a certain appropriate angle S (or 0). Estimate and calculate the radius a (or 2a) of the beam. The results of these calculations are displayed on the display 26.
  • the cancellous bone is approximated to a two-dimensional sound source model, its theoretical characteristics (theoretical formula) are determined in advance, and the frequency characteristics and theoretical characteristics of the scattered ultrasonic waves actually obtained by the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic waves. By comparing with, the value of the unknown parameter included in the theoretical characteristics can be calculated. As a result, the trabecular spacing and the trabecular thickness as unknown parameters can be estimated and calculated.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La microstructure d'os est analysée au moyen d'ondes ultrasoniques. L'os cancelleux est modélisé à l'avance en de nombreux cylindres à base circulaire disposés en deux dimensions, aux fins de diffraction des ondes ultrasoniques, et les formules théoriques du modèle sont établies. Ensuite, on expose un organisme à des ondes ultrasoniques, et l'on reçoit des ondes réfléchies par l'os cancelleux. On calcule les caractéristiques de fréquences des signaux reçus produits par la réception des ondes ultrasoniques et l'on estime les valeurs inconnues des paramètres contenus dans les formules théoriques, sur la base de caractéristiques de fréquences. Les intervalles entre les trabécules et l'épaisseur de chaque trabécule sont estimés en tant que valeurs des paramètres.
PCT/JP1996/002767 1995-09-26 1996-09-25 Analyseur de la structure de tissus WO1997011639A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7/247654 1995-09-26
JP7247654A JPH0984788A (ja) 1995-09-26 1995-09-26 組織構造解析装置

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WO1997011639A1 true WO1997011639A1 (fr) 1997-04-03

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4312494B2 (ja) * 2003-04-16 2009-08-12 古野電気株式会社 超音波骨密度測定装置、超音波測定装置、及び超音波測定方法
US7806823B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2010-10-05 Aloka Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus
US7938778B2 (en) 2007-12-26 2011-05-10 Aloka Co., Ltd. Ultrasound diagnosis apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5766742A (en) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-23 Fujitsu Ltd Ultrasonic diagnostic device
JPS62331A (ja) * 1985-06-26 1987-01-06 富士通株式会社 超音波媒体特性値測定装置
JPH05228141A (ja) * 1992-02-25 1993-09-07 Hitachi Ltd 超音波による骨診断装置
JPH06269447A (ja) * 1993-03-16 1994-09-27 Aloka Co Ltd 生体組織中の超音波伝搬特性に関する係数値の推定方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5766742A (en) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-23 Fujitsu Ltd Ultrasonic diagnostic device
JPS62331A (ja) * 1985-06-26 1987-01-06 富士通株式会社 超音波媒体特性値測定装置
JPH05228141A (ja) * 1992-02-25 1993-09-07 Hitachi Ltd 超音波による骨診断装置
JPH06269447A (ja) * 1993-03-16 1994-09-27 Aloka Co Ltd 生体組織中の超音波伝搬特性に関する係数値の推定方法

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LECTURE TRANSACTIONS BY ACOUSTICAL SOC. OF JAPAN, Vol. 1995, No. Spring Pt2, 31 March 1995, p. 1023-1024. *
RESEARCH PRESENTATION TRANSACTIONS II OF THE MEETING IN AUTUMN, 1995, THE ACOUSTICAL SOC. OF JAPAN, Vol. 1995, No. Autumn Pt 2, 27 September 1995, p. 1037-1038. *
TECHNICAL PAPER OF IEICE, Vol. 95, No. 251, 21 September 1995, p. 9-16. *

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