WO1997006276A1 - Test co-dominant de diagnostic genetique - Google Patents
Test co-dominant de diagnostic genetique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997006276A1 WO1997006276A1 PCT/FR1996/001093 FR9601093W WO9706276A1 WO 1997006276 A1 WO1997006276 A1 WO 1997006276A1 FR 9601093 W FR9601093 W FR 9601093W WO 9706276 A1 WO9706276 A1 WO 9706276A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oligonucleotide
- mutations
- pcr
- primers
- pair
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6858—Allele-specific amplification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/16—Primer sets for multiplex assays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/172—Haplotypes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a co-dominant genetic diagnostic test, that is to say it makes it possible to distinguish in a population individuals homozygous and heterozygous for a polymorphic allele.
- a rapid and efficient method of detecting a point mutation at the level of genomic DNA is essential for the identification of polymorphisms both for genetic studies and the prediction of a risk of pathology linked to this polymorphism, as well as for the study molecular bases of hereditary diseases, and the development of a genetic diagnostic test.
- This type of rapid, effective and inexpensive detection method can be applied, more generally, to the detection of mutations in any living organism, whether it be microorganisms, or animals or plants, the method presenting basically an interest in diploids.
- the fields of application of this type of detection can thus extend from the agro-food sector, medicine or veterinary diagnosis or finally animal or plant selection.
- PCR (1) has made great strides in the analysis of genomic DNA.
- His technique has allowed the diagnosis of genetic diseases when they are combined with other techniques (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); this can be the combination of PCR and direct sequencing (2, 3, 4, 10) or, the technique called Allele Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) (11, 12).
- ASO Allele Specific Oligonucleotide
- the appearance of a point mutation can create or destroy a recognition site for a restriction enzyme (13); the presence or absence of this restriction site can be used to make diagnoses as has been recently demonstrated for the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia (7); in the same way, a restriction polymorphism can be linked to an uncharacterized mutation which makes it possible to establish a diagnosis in families by analysis of this polymorphism after amplification.
- Many techniques have been developed with the aim of allowing the detection of these mutations by combining PCR with other types of reactions. These include:
- PASA PCR amplification of specify alleles
- the diagnostic test techniques described are not very conducive to wide use in the population because they require either heavy, complex steps, expensive and employing high-level technical know-how, or do not make it possible to differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous individuals; other techniques such as allele specific oligonucleotides are of dominant types and do not make it possible to differentiate a homozygous individual from a heterozygous individual having a normal allele and a mutant allele.
- genetic diagnosis and in particular the prediction of the risk in given populations vis-à-vis genetic diseases it is extremely important to be able to identify these two populations without implementing complex and expensive techniques.
- the present invention makes it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the various techniques described in the literature and in particular to overcome the use of radio elements; it relates to a method for detecting the homozygous or heterozygous state of a suspected mutation in a nucleic acid, characterized in that it implements two amplifications of nucleic acids, these two amplifications respectively requiring at least two pairs of primers: - the first pair consists of an oligo-nucleotide specific for the wild allele (A) and a second oligo-nucleotide (B) different from (A), - the second pair consists an oligo-nucleotide specific for the mutant allele (A ') and a second oligo-nucleotide (C), itself being different from (A) and from (B), the difference in length between the fragments amplified between (A) and (B) and between (A ') and (C) being sufficient to be detected by conventional analysis methods.
- reaction products are analyzed simultaneously by conventional methods in particular of analytical or preparative separation of DNA, in particular electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel or in agarose gel; nevertheless it goes without saying for those skilled in the art that any other method of analysis, such as chromatography, the size of the amplified fragments should be considered as equivalent means in the method of the invention.
- the two amplification reactions can be carried out either in two different reaction mixtures if (A) and (A ') are complementary to the same DNA chain, or carried out in the same reaction mixture if (A) and (A') are complementary to the (+) and (-) strands of DNA respectively.
- the differences in length can be detected by the existence of two different bands after migration by electrophoresis in agarose gel for example; but it goes without saying that once the detection methods are refined, the length differences between the amplified fragments can be reduced.
- any technique for amplifying a DNA sequence which comprises the use of at least two primers and a polymerase making it possible to synthesize the complementary sequence between the two primers, and whatever or its improvement, can be applied to the implementation of the invention which, for the latter, lies in the simultaneous use of two different pairs of primers, and the simultaneous visualization of the PCR products.
- Couples of primers (A) and (B) on the one hand, (A ') and (C) on the other hand, can be symmetrical or inverted, in other words (A) and (A') hybridizable with the same strand of the double helix, and (B) and (C) with the other strand, or on the contrary, the couple (A) (B) on the one hand, and the couple (A ') (C) on the other apart, can be reversed, i.e. (A) and (A ') are hybridizable to the complementary strands of the DNA chain, just as (B) and (C).
- the two amplifications carried out by the two pairs of primers must be carried out separately, then the products of the reaction must be mixed to be analyzed by conventional methods.
- the reaction products can be mixed from the start, the amplification between (A) and (C) cannot then be carried out.
- the primers (A) and (A ') must have a sufficiently different sequence to avoid parasitic hybridization between (A) and (A') in the reaction mixture. The only requirement is that (A) and (A ') carry the nucleotide corresponding to the one whose mutation is sought.
- this technique can be implemented regardless of the organism containing the DNA, namely microorganism, bacteria, virus, animals or plants, but is of definite interest for diploid or polyploid organisms.
- the usefulness of this new technique has been demonstrated to identify a mutation in Amish populations in southern Indiana carrying a gene coding for a protein involved in an autosomal recessive disorder: of the muscular dystrophy type of belts.
- the “Touchdown” method takes advantage of the exponential nature of the PCR reaction which can start above the standard hybridization temperature: the reaction temperature begins 5 to 10 ° C above this hybridization temperature (for example 65 ° C.) then decreases regularly from 1 to 2 ° C. per cycle until the standard hybridization temperature is obtained by this technique; any difference in Tm between correct and incorrect matches will give the correct product an advantage over the incorrect product, all things being equal otherwise. Thus, a difference of 5 ° makes it possible to give an advantage of 4 5 times (19).
- the amplified fragments preferably have respective lengths between 50 and 200 nucleotides; moreover, and so that the identification of the amplified segments between (A) and (B) on the one hand, and (A ') and (C) on the other hand does not present any ambiguity character, the difference of length should preferably be at least 10%.
- the method of the invention is particularly advantageous to implement for the detection of point mutations as defined above.
- the invention also relates to a kit, or kit, for diagnosing presumed homozygous or heterozygous point mutations and is characterized in that it contains at least: a) a thermostable polymerase; b) a first pair of primers consisting of an oligo-nucleotide (A) specific for the wild allele and a second specific oligo-nucleotide (B), distinct from (A); c) a second pair of primers consisting of an oligo-nucleotide specific for the mutant allele (A ') and a second oligo-nucleotide (C) distinct from (A), the size of the amplified fragments between the primers (A) and (B) on the one hand, and the primers (A ') and (C) on the other hand, preferably differing by at least 10%.
- a thermostable polymerase b) a first pair of primers consisting of an oligo-nucleotide (A
- the kit according to the invention contains, in addition to the four primers (A), (A '), (B), (C), above, all the elements which make it possible to carry out an amplification by PCR or any improved method and derivative and in particular the so-called “Touchdown” PCR method.
- the kit according to the invention is more particularly usable for detecting or identifying the homozygous or heterozygous state of point mutations, whether these mutations are transitions or transversions.
- Such a diagnostic kit in accordance with the invention can find its application in the field of human or animal health as well as in any other sector of application such as the environment, seeds or food industry for which detecting and monitoring the health or infectious status of the environment can be important.
- the diagnosis can also be applied in an animal or seed selection process.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram which illustrates the system of the invention when the pairs of primers are symmetrical.
- N corresponds to the normal allele and M to the mutant allele.
- the arrows represent the primers, and the direction reflects the 5 ' ⁇ 3' direction.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram which illustrates the system of the invention when the pairs of primers are asymmetrical. N and M and the arrows have the same meaning as in Figure 1.
- Figure 3 illustrates the segregation of threonine to arginine substitution in an Amish population.
- line A presents the pedigree of the A620 family in which affected or healthy individuals are indicated by black or white symbols respectively.
- healthy it is understood that the individuals can be non-carriers or heterozygous carriers
- B represents the result obtained in agarose gel electrophoresis of the mixtures of the PCR "touchdown" amplification products of the fragments of 100 and 158 base pairs respectively
- C represents the segregation of haplotypes on chromosome 4 within the family; the chromosomes carrying the mutation are surrounded, and the CA12T represents the intragenic micro-satellite.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the technology of the invention.
- the primers are all 20 nucleotides in length.
- the first pair of primers (A) (B) specific to the normal allele makes it possible to obtain an amplification product of 180 bp; in fact, the primer (B) is located 140 bp downstream of the nucleotide whose mutation is sought and the primer (A) contains said nucleotide at its 3 ′ end.
- the second pair of primers (A ') (C), which is used to identify the mutant genotype, has a primer identical to primer (A), but has in place of the normal nucleotide at 3' the mutated nucleotide M.
- the other primer (C) downstream of the mutation will be chosen so that the product obtained by PCR is significantly different from the product (A) (B), here by 120 bp.
- Figure 2 illustrates this case.
- the pairs of primers (A) (B) on the one hand and (A ') (C) on the other hand lead, as in the previous case, to amplification products of 120 bp for the mutant and 180 bp for the wild type.
- the amplification products will comprise only 2 bands of 180 and 260 bp.
- the reaction product will have 2 bands of 120 and 260 bp.
- This diagnostic system therefore has all the advantages of other systems using PCR, sensitivity, non-radioactive, automated test, etc., but above all having the advantage of transforming dominant markers into co-dominant markers.
- RNA transcripts of size 4.4 Kb. are present in quantity and normal size both in samples from affected patients and in healthy controls. This strongly suggested that the mutation was probably due to a point mutation as defined above.
- cDNA fragments of the LGMD2E gene were amplified after reverse transcription from the total RNA prepared from six muscle biopsies. The RT-PCR products were sequenced and a simple transversion from C to G at nucleotide 461 was detected in the two patients whose two alleles are mutated. The codon change is from ACA to AGA and results in a substitution of threonine by arginine corresponding to a missense mutation at residue 151.
- the first amplification step is carried out as follows: 40 sec. at 94 ° C then 30 sec. at 63 ° C (this constitutes a cycle) with a decrease of 1 Q every 2 cycles from 63 ° C to 59 ° C.
- a total of 10 PCR cycles will be done at the rate of two cycles at each temperature from 63 ° C to 59 ° C inclusive.
- the second step is carried out in 25 additional amplification cycles consisting of 40 sec. at 94 ° C and 30 sec. at 58 ° C. Priming pairs used:
- First pair of primers a) pair of primers of type AB allowing the amplification of the wild allele: T461: ⁇ 'GTTTTTCAGCAAGGGACAAC-S 'm1: 5'-CTTTTCACTCCACTTGGCAA-3'.
- the results are presented in part B of FIG. 1, the legend of which is detailed above.
- the difference in the sizes of the amplified segments is 58 base pairs knowing that the amplification products of the pair T461 / m1 is 100 base pairs and that of the pair A461 / m3 is 158 base pairs.
- FIG. 1 shows that the parents who have a normal phenotype are in fact heterozygotes since the amplification product contains the two types of fragments. It is clear that if one of the individuals was normal homozygous, the profile obtained after this set of operations would only include bands corresponding to a molecular weight of 158 base pairs.
- the technology of the invention therefore makes it possible, for the first time, to unambiguously distinguish the homozygous or heterozygous state from a mutation in a population, while avoiding complex operations of the enzymatic digestion type or creation of restriction for example. It is fast and frees up experimentation with the use of radio-elements.
- the detection of heterozygotes is of considerable importance in what is called predictive medicine; for recessive illnesses linked to sex, the possibility of detecting female conductors in families at risk is considerable progress.
- the carriers of the genetic trait are potential patients and this type of analysis makes it possible to detect the risk whatever the penetration of the tare and its degree of expressiveness.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to carry out a pre-symptomatic diagnosis, that is to say before the appearance of the first signs of a possible disease.
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/000,148 US6232063B1 (en) | 1995-08-07 | 1996-07-12 | Co-dominant genetic diagnosis test |
JP9508153A JPH11510059A (ja) | 1995-08-07 | 1996-07-12 | 遺伝子診断の共優性テスト |
EP96925784A EP0843737A1 (fr) | 1995-08-07 | 1996-07-12 | Test co-dominant de diagnostic genetique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR95/09586 | 1995-08-07 | ||
FR9509586A FR2737732B1 (fr) | 1995-08-07 | 1995-08-07 | Test co-dominant de diagnostic genetique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997006276A1 true WO1997006276A1 (fr) | 1997-02-20 |
Family
ID=9481766
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1996/001093 WO1997006276A1 (fr) | 1995-08-07 | 1996-07-12 | Test co-dominant de diagnostic genetique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6232063B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0843737A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11510059A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2228694A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2737732B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997006276A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI20001839A (fi) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-22 | Timo Korpela | Hemokromatoosimutaation analyysimenetelmiä |
US20070248949A1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2007-10-25 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Sensitive and Specific Test to Detect Sars Coronavirus |
KR101337016B1 (ko) | 2004-09-29 | 2013-12-05 | 파이어니어 하이 부렛드 인터내쇼날 인코포레이팃드 | 옥수수 이벤트 das-59122-7 및 그의 탐지 방법 |
TWM318228U (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2007-09-01 | Datafab Sys Inc | Structure for protecting terminal of memory card adapter |
WO2010123626A1 (fr) | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | University Of Southern California | Utilisation des polymorphismes et de l'expression de cd133 pour prédire l'issue clinique concernant des patients cancéreux |
WO2011084757A1 (fr) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-07-14 | University Of Southern California | Polymorphismes germinaux du gène sparc associés à une issue clinique du cancer de l'estomac |
WO2011085334A1 (fr) | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | University Of Southern California | Polymorphismes du cd44 prédisant le résultat clinique chez des patients atteints d'un cancer gastrique |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0332435A2 (fr) * | 1988-03-10 | 1989-09-13 | Zeneca Limited | Procédé pour détecter des séquences de nucléotides |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5853989A (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1998-12-29 | Zeneca Limited | Method of characterisation of genomic DNA |
-
1995
- 1995-08-07 FR FR9509586A patent/FR2737732B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 CA CA002228694A patent/CA2228694A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-12 EP EP96925784A patent/EP0843737A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-12 US US09/000,148 patent/US6232063B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 JP JP9508153A patent/JPH11510059A/ja active Pending
- 1996-07-12 WO PCT/FR1996/001093 patent/WO1997006276A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0332435A2 (fr) * | 1988-03-10 | 1989-09-13 | Zeneca Limited | Procédé pour détecter des séquences de nucléotides |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DON R.H ET AL.: "Touchdown PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification", NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH, vol. 19, no. 4, 1991, pages 4008, XP002013809 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6232063B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
FR2737732A1 (fr) | 1997-02-14 |
JPH11510059A (ja) | 1999-09-07 |
CA2228694A1 (fr) | 1997-02-20 |
EP0843737A1 (fr) | 1998-05-27 |
FR2737732B1 (fr) | 1997-10-10 |
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