Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0084—Antioxidants; Free-radical scavengers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2068—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/50—Perfumes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/08—Polycarboxylic acids containing no nitrogen or sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/90—Betaines

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to improved hard surface cleaning compositions and concentrates thereof, which feature blooming when the concentrate is added to a larger volume of water.
• Cleaning compositions are commercially important products and enjoy a wide field of utility in assisting in the removal of dirt and grime from surfaces, especially those characterized as useful with "hard surfaces".
• One particular category of cleaning compositions are those which are classed as pine oil type cleaning compositions which typically contain a significant amount, e.g, 5%wt. of naturally derived and/or synthetically produce pine oils. Such compositions generate a milky or cloudy appearance when diluted with water in dilutions useful for cleaning applications, and are generally provided as concentrated composition which is subsequently diluted with water by an end user/consumer to form a cleaning composition therefrom. While such pine oil type cleaning compositions are commercially significant and in popular use, their use is not without attendant shortcomings.
• pine oil in a cleaning composition are known to leave undesirable surface residues, particularly on hard surfaces.
• pine oils require the inclusion of surfactants which are useful in solubilizing and stabilizing the pine oil.
• surfactants which are useful in solubilizing and stabilizing the pine oil.
• the pine oil itself are categorized as undesired volatile organic compounds ("VOC").
• VOC undesired volatile organic compounds
• This blooming effect (also sometimes referred to as "break" in the United Kingdom and in other countries) is an important indicia for consumer acceptance for certain products, those which traditionally use pine oil to providing the blooming effect, as well as other products which do not contain pine oil but which nonetheless exhibit this very desirable blooming behavior when added to a larger volume of water to form a cleaning and/or disinfecting composition therefrom.
• compositions which exhibit blooming when added to a larger volume of water, but which may be selectively imparted with any of a number of different appearances and fragrances which is possible by the judicious selection of any of a number of dyes, fragrances, other colorants which may be added to the concentrate compositions to provide a desired color and a desired scent.
• Such compositions are commercially acceptable, shelf stable concentrated cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions which exhibit blooming when diluted in water.
• the blooming behaviour is provided although the concentrate compositions contain no pine oil or pine oil fraction (such as a te ⁇ ineol fraction) in any significant amount, other than minor amounts such a might be used in a fragrance constituent, as the compositions do not rely upon pine oil or pine oil fractions to provide their blooming characteristic when diluted with water.
• aqueous blooming type, hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting concentrate compositions which comprise the following essential constituents which provide a "blooming system" which is inco ⁇ orated in these compositions: a cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant; an anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant; a surfactant compatibilizing agent; and, water.
• the concentrate compositions may include further optional constituents which do not undesirably reduce or which diminish the operation ofthe blooming system described herein especially one or more further surfactants including anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof, one or more organic solvents such as lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers, as well as one or more fragrances, coloring agents, chelating agents, germicidal compositions including those based on phenolic compounds, as well as other conventional additives.
• one or more further surfactants including anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof
• organic solvents such as lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers
• fragrances such as one or more fragrances
• coloring agents such as chelating agents
• germicidal compositions including those based on phenolic compounds, as well as other conventional additive
• compositions according to the first aspect ofthe invention exhibit the desired "blooming" characteristic of pine oil type cleaners, but do not require the presence of pine oil to provide the blooming effect. Rather, selected known art dyes or other coloring agents, in conjunction with minor amounts of one or more fragrance materials especially those which provide a pine type scent may be included to the blooming system, as well as further optional surfactants and or organic solvents which are included to provide a detersive property to the compositions. In this way, a cleaning composition which has the physical appearance and blooming characteristic of a conventional pine oil type cleaning composition may be provided without the presence of pine oil.
• blooming type cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions may be produced such as by including different fragrances, i.e., those characteristic of lemon, various flora, in conjunction with a desired coloring additives, i.e., green, yellow, amber, red, etc. may be added as desired.
• a blooming type cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions may produced. "Blooming” may be described as the change ofthe water's appearance from essentially colorless and transparent to that of a milky white or milky yellowish white, cloudy appearance.
• the lack ofthe overall amounts of pine oil typically found in prior art pine oil type cleaning concentrates, as well as the necessary compatibilizing agents required to solubilize the pine oil in such prior art cleaning concentrate provides the benefits of reduced volatile organic content of a concentrate or cleaning composition, as well as reduces the propensity of such compositions to form undesirable residues, especially pine oil residues upon cleaned surfaces.
• a blooming, pine oil type hard surface cleaning composition which has reduced amounts of pine oil as compared to known art pine oil containing compositions which include the following essential constituents:
• compositions according to this second aspect ofthe invention comprises the following constituents on a percentage weight basis based on a 100%wt. concentrate composition: pine oil in an amount of from 0.01 - 3%wt., preferably 0.01 - 2.5% by weight, but most preferably 0.75- 1.5%wt.l; at least one pine oil solubilizing agent in an amount of to 15% and less by weight, preferably 0.01-10% by weight, and most preferably in an amount of 0.1-5% by weight and the blooming system as described with respect to the first aspect ofthe invention which blooming system includes: a cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant; an anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant; a surfactant compatibilizing agent; and, water.
• compositions according to this second aspect ofthe invention may include further optional constituents which do not undesirably reduce or which diminish the operation ofthe blooming system described herein especially one or more further surfactants including anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof, one or more organic solvents such as lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers, as well as one or more fragrances, coloring agents, chelating agents, germicidal compositions including those based on phenolic compounds, as well as other conventional additives.
• further surfactants including anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof
• organic solvents such as lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers
• fragrances such as one or more fragrances
• coloring agents, chelating agents such as those based on phenolic compounds, as well as other conventional additives.
• the concentrate compositions according to the second aspect ofthe invention exhibit the desired "blooming" characteristic of pine oil type cleaners, although do not require the presence of pine oil to provide the blooming effect which is primarily provided by the blooming system previously described.
• These concentrate compositions are pine oil type cleaning compositions which include reduced amounts of pine oil as compared to known art compositions, and in preferred embodiments also provide a germicidal effect in both concentrate composition, and in cleaning composition dilutions.
• a blooming, pine oil type hard surface cleaning composition with reduced amounts of pine oil.
• the compositions according to this second aspect ofthe invention comprises the following constituents on a percentage weight basis based on a 100%wt.
• pine oil in amount of 0.1-5% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.1 - 4% by weight, but most preferably in amount of between 2 - 4% by weight; at least one pine oil solubilizing agent effective in enhancing the miscibility ofthe pine oil constituent in water which may be present in any effective amount found but desirably is present in amounts of up to about 15% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.1 - 15% by weight, but most preferably from 5 - 15% by weight a nonionic surfactant with a cloud point of 20°C or less; and, water.
• the concentrate compositions according to the third aspect ofthe invention may include the same further optional constituents described in conjunction with the second aspect ofthe invention noted above. Similarly, the concentrate compositions in the third aspect ofthe invention provide pine oil type cleaning compositions with reduced amounts of pine oil as noted above, and in preferred embodiments also provide a germicidal effect.
• a cleaning composition as taught in this specification to a hard surface in need of cleaning and/or disinfection.
• the at least one cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant useful in forming the blooming system according to the first and second aspects ofthe invention, and which ma y be used as an optional germicidal constituent in the second aspect ofthe invention may be any of those which are known to the art, but preferably are quartemary ammonium compounds and salts thereof.
• quartemary ammonium germicides which may be characterized by the general structural formula: where at least one or R R 2 , R 3 and R ⁇ is a hydrophobic, aliphatic, aryl aliphatic or aliphatic aryl radical of from 6 to 26 carbon atoms, and the entire cation portion ofthe molecule has a molecular weight of at least 165.
• the hydrophobic radicals may be long-chain alkyl, long-chain alkoxy aryl, long-chain alkyl aryl, halogen-substitued long-chain alkyl aryl, long-chain alkyl phenoxy alkyl, aryl alkyl, etc.
• the remaining radicals on the nitrogen atoms other than the hydrophobic radicals are substituents of a hydrocarbon stmcture usually containing a total of no more than 12 carbon atoms.
• the radicals R-, R , R 3 and J ⁇ may be straight chained or may be branched, but are preferably straight chained, and may include one or more amide or ether linkages.
• the radical X may be any salt-forming anionic radical.
• Exemplary quartemary ammonium salts within the above description include the alkyl ammonium halides such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, alkyl aryl ammonium halides such as octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, N-alkyl pyridinium halides such as N-cetyl pyridinium bromide, and the like.
• quartemary ammonium salts include those in which the molecule contains either amide or ether linkages such as octyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, N-(laurylcocoaminoformylmethyl)-pyridinium chloride, and the like.
• Preferred quartemary ammonium compounds which act as germicides and which are be found useful in the practice ofthe present invention include those which have the stmctural formula:
• R 2 and R 3 are the same or different C 8 -C 12 alkyl, or R 2 is C ⁇ 2-]6 alkyl, C 8-18 alkylethoxy, C 8-)8 alkylphenolethoxy and R 3 is benzyl, and X is a halide, for example chloride, bromide or iodide, or methosulfate.
• the alkyl groups recited in R 2 and R 3 may be straight chained or branched, but are preferably substantially linear.
• Such quartenary germicides are usually sold as mixtures of two or more different quartenaries, such as BARDAC® 205M, (presently commercially available from Lonza, Inc., Fairlawn, NJ) which is believed to be a 50% aqueous solution containing 20% by weight of an alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride (50% C14, 40% C16 alkyl); 15% by weight of an octyl decyl dimethylammonium chloride; 7.5% by weight of dioctyl dimethylammonium chloride; and 7.5% by weight of didecyl dimethylammonium chloride.
• a further useful quartemary germicide is CYNCAL® 80% (presently commercially available from Hilton Davis Chemical Co., Cincinnati, OH) which is believed to comprise
• an alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride 50% C14, 40% C12 and 10% C16 alkyl
• Further useful quartemary germicidal agents include BTC-8358®, an alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (80%) active), BTC-835® an alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (53% active), and BTC-818®, a dialkyi dimethyl ammonium chloride (commercially available from the Stepan Chemical Co., Chicago, IL).
• quartemary ammonium germicides ofthe alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride type containing the same alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride mixture as that of CYNCAL® and which are generally referred to as quarternium salts include BARQUAT® MB-80, (presently commercially available from Lonza, Inc., Fairlawn, NJ) which is believed to be and 80% by weight solution (20% ethanol) ofthe quartemary, HYAMINE® 1622 believed to be an aqueous solution of benzethonium chloride, and HYAMINE® 3500, which is believed to be a 50% aqueous solution ofthe quartemary ( both presently commercially available from Lonza Inc., Fairlawn, NJ).
• BARQUAT® MB-80 (presently commercially available from Lonza, Inc., Fairlawn, NJ) which is believed to be and 80% by weight solution (20% ethanol) ofthe quartemary
• the cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant may be present in any amount which are found to exhibit the desirable characteristics according to a respective aspect ofthe invention; in the first or second aspect the surfactant forms part ofthe blooming system, and should be present in amounts wherein the concentrate compositions are relatively clear appearance in concentrated solution, but which exhibit blooming when diluted with further water to form a cleaning composition.
• the addition of the preferred cationic quaternary ammonium surfactants which exhibits germicidal activity are included in preferred embodiments where a germicidal effect is intended to be provided by the compositions.
• the amounts in a respective composition are noted above, and it is to be noted that the preferred amounts are in part dictated by toxocological considerations as an excess ofthe cationic component may pose an increasing risk of irritation to the eyes, skin and mucocous tissues of a consumer.
• the preferred amounts are also in part dicated by economic considerations as an excess ofthe cationic component above these amounts generally requires a corresponding increase in the amount ofthe anionic component used in a blooming system as noted above.
• at least one anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant there is also included at least one anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant.
• This anionic surfactant which has been found to be effective in forming a water insoluble or poorly miscible complex when mixed with the quatemary ammonium compound described above, which due to said insolubility or poor miscibility of the formed complex, renders an aqueous mixture containing the anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant and the quatemary ammonium compound such an aqueous mixture turgid, milky or cloudy.
• carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate compounds which are advantageously inco ⁇ orated into the compositions ofthe invention include carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactants according to the following general formula:
• R is a hydrophobic group, more preferably a C 6 -C ] 8 alkyl group
• n is a number in the range of 1 to 24
• X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, citric acid radical, and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of X or Y is a succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, or citric acid radical, and Z is H or -CH 2 COOH.
• Certain anionic surfactants according to the immediately preceeding general formula are presently commercially available as the PolyTergent® C series of anionic surfactants from the Olin Chem. Co., ( Stamford, CT). Particularly preferred amongst these are the PolyTergentTM CS-1 compounds which is believed to be in accordance with the formula above wherein R is a C 6 -C ⁇ 8 alkyl group, X and Y are independently H, CH 3 or the succinic acid radical with at least one succinic acid radical being present, and where Z is H. Also useful is PolyTergentTM C9-62P a further carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant also available from the Olin Chemical Co.
• anionic surfactants While not particularly enumerated here may also find use in the present inventive compositions, as well as mixtures of one or more anionic surfactants.
• the carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate is present in any amount which is found to exhibit the desirable characteristics ofthe invention, that of a relatively clear appearance in an aqueous solution when in the presence of an effective amount ofthe quatemary ammonium compound described above and further with an effective amount ofthe surfactant compatiblizing agent described below, but that of blooming when diluted with further water to form a cleaning composition.
• This anionic surfactant compound is included in the amounts noted above. In the blooming system according to the first and second aspect ofthe invention described previously, particular attention is to be paid to the relative proportions ofthe cationic surfactant to the anionic surfactant.
• both the cationic quatemary ammonium surfactant and the anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant, and surfactant compatibilizing agent be present in such amounts such that the concentrate composition be relatively clear when present in the concentrate composition.
• Such a concentrate composition is relatively clear and is preferably transparent.
• the solubility of these cationic surfactants and the anionic surfactants in the new larger volume of water is sufficiently reduced or disrupted which causes the newly formed composition to become turgid, or cloudy and thus imitate the "blooming" behaviour of prior art pine oil cleaner type compositions.
• the pendant carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid moieties ofthe preferred species of anionic surfactants effectively complex with the quartemary ammonium in the quartemary ammonium compound and become insoluble or immiscible in an aqueous mixture, which then become visible due to the presence ofthe sufficiently long alkyl chain moieties which also constitute part ofthe preferred anionic surfactants.
• anionic surface active agents having a first functional portion or group effective in forming a complex with the quartemary ammonium compound in water, and which has a second functional portion or group which is hydrophobic in nature and which is insoluble or poorly miscible in water when such a complex is formed and in the absence of any further compatabilizing agent(s) become visible to the eye, may also be used.
• the blooming system includes a surfactant compatibilizing agent which solubilizes the at least one cationic quatemary ammonium surfactant and the at least one anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant may be any known art material which exhibits the properties described above.
• surfactant compatibilizing agents are believed to be determinable by routine experimental techniques, such as by providing a volume of water having mixed therein amounts ofthe cationic quatemary ammonium surfactant compound and the anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant compound which renders the volume of water to be non-transparent, especially turgid or milky in appearance, and adding thereto an amount of a compound or composition which may be used to compatibilize the anionic and cationic surfactant compounds. Afterwards, an aliquot of this mixture may then be added to a larger volume of water, such as a mixture:water dilution ratio of 1:64 at room temperature (approx. 20°C) to determine if such mixture evidences a blooming effect.
• One class of such useful surfactant compatibilizing agents are water soluble salts including, but not limited to monovalent alkali and/or polyvalent alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts.
• Non ⁇ limiting examples of such useful salts include: NaCl, MgCl , NaHC0 3 , Na 2 C0 3 NH CI.
• a further class of useful surfactant compatabilizing agents include certain amphoteric surfactants.
• Useful amphoteric surfactants include betaine compounds which exhibit the following general formula:
• R is a hydrophobic group selected from the group selected from alkyl groups containing from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, alkylaryl and arylalkyl groups containing a similar number of carbon atoms with a benzene ring being treated as equivalent to about 2 carbon atoms, and similar stmctures interrupted by amido or ether linkages; each R* is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and R 2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• betaines examples include lauramidopropyl betaine, a commercial preparation of which is available under the tradename Mirataine® BB (from Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc, Cherry Hill, NJ), and cocamidopropyl betaine available under the trade name MackamTM DZ (from Mclntyre Group Ltd., University Park, IL).
• effective amounts ofthe surfactant compatabilizing agent may be any amount which, when included in the blooming systems in the first and second aspects ofthe invention compatibilize in the concentrate composition dilution the least one cationic quatemary ammonium surfactant and the at least one anionic carboxylated alcohol alkoxylate surfactant, but do not diminish the blooming characteristic ofthe concentrate composition when it is added to water.
• the surfactant compatibilizing agent may be present in any effective amount, and good compatibilizing behaviour has been observed with amounts of 10% by weight and less, with preferred amounts being 0.01 - 6% by weight ofthe compatibilizing agent..
• nonionic surfactants which are characterized in exhibiting a cloud point of 20°C or less.
• Suitable nonionic surface active agents include condensation products of one or more alkylene oxide groups with an organic hydrophobic compound, such as an aliphatic or alkyl aromatic compound.
• Suitable nonionic surface active agents include surfactant compositions based upon polyethoxylated, polypropxylated, or polyglycerolated alcohols or alkylphenols or fatty acids.
• nonionic surfactants which are characterized in exhibiting a cloud point of 20°C or less may also be used as the sole blooming agent in an aqueous hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition, i.e., absent the pine oil discussed herein.
• alkoxylated alcohols especially alkoxylated fatty alcohols. These include ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, as well as ethoxylated and propoxylated alkyl phenols, having both with alkyl chains of about 7-16, more preferably about 8-13 carbon chains in length.
• alkoxylated alcohols include certain ethoxylated alcohol compositions presently commercially available from the Shell Chemical Company, (Houston, TX) under the general trade name Neodol®, which are described to be linear alcohol ethoxylates. Of these, those exhibiting a cloud point of 20°C or less may be used.
• compositions include: Neodol® 91-2.5 which is described as an ethoxylated alcohol having an average molar ratio of 2.7: 1 ethoxy groups/alcohol groups per molecule; a molecular weight of 281, and a cloud point in water of 20°C and less; Neodol® 23-3 which is described as an ethoxylated alcohol having an average molar ratio of 2.9: 1 1 ethoxy groups/alcohol groups per molecule; a molecular weight of 322, and a cloud point in water of 20°C and less.
• Exemplary alkoxylated alcohols further include certain compositions presently commercially available from the Union Carbide Co., (Danbury, CT) under the general trade name Tergitol®, which are described to be secondary alcohol ethoxylates. Again, those exhibiting a cloud point of 20°C and less may be used.
• compositions include: Tergitol® 15-S-3 which is described as an ethoxylated secondary alcohol having an average molar ratio of 3.2: 1 ethoxy groups/alcohol groups per molecule, and a cloud point in water of less than 20°C; Tergitol® 15-S-5 which is described to be an ethoxylated secondary alcohol having an average molar ratio of 5: 1 ethoxy groups/alcohol groups per molecule, and a cloud point in water of less than 20°C.
• Exemplary alkoxylated alkyl phenols include certain compositions presently commercially available from the Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc Co., (Cranbury, NJ) under the general trade name Igepal®, which are described to be octyl and nonyl phenols. Again, those exhibiting a cloud point of 20°C or less may be used.
• compositions include: Igepal® CA-210 which is described as an ethoxylated octyl phenol having an average of 1.5 ethoxy groups groups per molecule and a cloud point in water of less than 20°C and, Igepal® CA-420 which is described as an ethoxylated octyl phenol having an average of 3 ethoxy groups groups per molecule and a cloud point in water of less than 20°C.
• Igepal® CA-210 which is described as an ethoxylated octyl phenol having an average of 1.5 ethoxy groups groups per molecule and a cloud point in water of less than 20°C
• Igepal® CA-420 which is described as an ethoxylated octyl phenol having an average of 3 ethoxy groups groups per molecule and a cloud point in water of less than 20°C.
• a mixture of two or more nonionic surfactant compounds having a cloud point of
• the cloud point ofthe nonionic surfactant may be determined by known methods. For example, ASTM D2024 (reapproved 1986) for "Standard Test method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants”.
• a one percent test solution is prepared by weighing one gram ofthe surfactant into a 150 ml. beaker to which 100 mis. of distilled dimineralized water at a temperature of less than 30°C is added. The sample is agitated until solution is reached, after which a 50 ml. aliquot ofthe solution is placed into a test tube.
• test tube While agitating the sample solutions slowly with the thermometer, the test tube is heated with a bunsen burner until the sample solution becomes definitely cloudy, at which point it is removed from the heat. While stirring with the thermometer continues, the test tube and its sample solution are allowed to cool slowly until the sample solution clarifies at which point the temperature is noted.
• Such a test method provides a simple, yet reliable, means for determining the cloud point of a surfactant in water.
• test method for effectively determining which nonionic surfactants may be used in the compositions ofthe invention is as follows: to a clean beaker or other glass vessel is added 99 parts by weight of deionized water at 20°C ⁇ 0.5°C, and 1 part by weight (by weight ofthe actives) of a surfactant composition to be tested. This test sample is stirred and the temperature permitted to drop to 20°C; if this test sample is observed to be murky or cloudy in appearance as the test sample's temperature achieves 20°C and drops below 20°C, it is considered to have a suitable cloud point of 20°C and less and may be used in the concentrate compositions according to this aspect ofthe invention.
• such a nonionic surfactant may be present in any effective amount, but desirably is present in the concentrate compositions in amounts of up to about 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.1 and 6% by weight, but most preferably in amount of between 4 and 6% by weight.
• Water is included in the concentrate compositions and in order to provide 100% by weight ofthe concentrate composition.
• the water may be tap water, but is preferably distilled and/or deionized water.
• the water is tap water, it is preferably appropriately filtered in order to remove any undesirable impurities such as organics or inorganics, especially minerals salts which are present in hard water which may thus interfere with the operation of one or more constituents ofthe blooming system, as well as any other optional components ofthe liquid concentrates according to the invention.
• water is present in the concentrate compositions in amounts in excess of about 50% by weight, preferably in amounts of in excess of 70% by weight, but most preferably in amounts in excess of 80% by weight of the concentrate compositions according to the invention.
• a pine oil constituent there is also included as an essential constituent an amount of a pine oil constituent., while in the first aspect ofthe invention such a pine oil constituent is to be understood as an optional constituent.
• Pine oil is a complex blend of oils, alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes and other organic compounds, and is sometimes used as a solvent for certain types of stains.
• An important constituent of pine oil are te ⁇ ene alcohols, especially alpha-te ⁇ ineol.
• the pine oil When included, the pine oil generally comprises at least about 60% te ⁇ ene alcohols, especially alpha-te ⁇ ineol.
• Glidco® Pine OilTM 60 available from Glidco Organics Co ⁇ ., Jacksonville, FL, believed to contain approximately 60% te ⁇ ene alcohols
• Glidco® Pine Oil 60 available from Glidco Organics Co ⁇ ., Jacksonville, FL, believed to contain approximately 60% te ⁇ ene alcohols
• Glidco® Pine Oil 140 available from Glidco Organics Co ⁇ ., Jacksonville, FL, believed to contain approximately 70% te ⁇ ene alcohols
• Glidco® Pine Oil 80 available from Glidco Organics
• Glidco® Pine Oil 150 available from Glidco Organics Co ⁇ ., Jacksonville, FL, believed to contain approximately 85% te ⁇ ene alcohols
• Glidco® Te ⁇ ene SW available from Glidco Organics Co ⁇ ., Jacksonville, FL, believed to contain approximately 75% te ⁇ ene alcohols
• Glidco® Te ⁇ ineol 350 available from Glidco Organics Co ⁇ ., Jacksonville, FL, believed to contain approximately 100% te ⁇ ene alcohols.
• Other products which can contain up to 100%) pure alpha-te ⁇ ineol, may also be used in the present invention.
• the pine oil constituent When included, the pine oil constituent need be present in only minor amounts as they are not required to produce the blooming characteristics ofthe inventive compositions. Generally, they are present in reduced amounts in any ofthe concentrate compositions, i.e., in amounts of up to about 3% by weight, and if present are preferably included in amounts of from 0.01 - 2.5% by weight, but most preferably in amount of between 0.75-1.5% pine oil by weight. As with all ofthe weight percentages of the constituents described, the weight percentages are indicative ofthe weight percentages ofthe actives in a constituent containing preparation.
• pine oil constituent in addition to the pine oil constituent there is also included an effective amount of at least one pine oil solubilizing agent.
• Exemplary pine oil solubilizing agents include certain nonionic alkoxylated linear alcohol surfactants which aid in the dissolution ofthe pine oil in the water ofthe concentrate composition.
• Such useful nonionic alkoxylated linear alcohol nonionic surfactants are known, and may be commercially obtained from the Olin Chemical Co., (Stamford, CT) under the product line name of "PolyTergent®".
• Particular members of this product line which have been found useful include; PolyTergent® SL-42 and
• Nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated linear secondary alcohols, as well as alkoxylated alkylphenolic nonionic surfactants. Such nonionic surfactants also provide a detersive effect to the compositions.
• Further exemplary pine oil solubilizing agents include C*-C 8 alcohols, especially CpC 3 alcohols, of which isopropanol is preferred.
• pine oil solubilizing agents are included in effective, often minor amounts, with specific preferred weight proportions having been described previously.
• compositions according to the first, second or third aspects ofthe invention in many cases which comprise any of a number of further optional constituents which do not undesirably reduce or which diminish the operation ofthe blooming system described herein especially one or more further surfactants including anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof, one or more organic solvents such as lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers, as well as one or more fragrances, coloring agents, chelating agents, antioxidants, germicidal compositions including those based on phenolic compounds, as well as other conventional additives.
• further surfactants including anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof
• organic solvents such as lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers
• fragrances such as one or more fragrances
• Such further optional constituents may be included in amounts found not to substantially interfere or detract from the blooming characteristics provided by the invention.
• Such materials are known to the art, and are described in McCutcheon 's Emulsifiers and Detergents (Vol.1), McCutcheo 's Functional Materials (Vol. 2), North American Edition, 1991; Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., Vol. 22, the contents of which are herein inco ⁇ orated by reference.
• Known surfactants which provide a further detersive effect to the concentrate compositions and especially to the cleaning compositions formed therefrom may be where such do not substantially interfere or detract from the blooming characteristics provided by the invention, and further desirably do diminish the germicial nature ofthe preferred cationic quatemary ammonium compounds which are included in the blooming system being taught herein.
• Such include anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric as well as mixtures thereof.
• Useful anionic surfactants include the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, ammonium and alkylolammonium (e.g., monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium) salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Included in the term
• alkyl is the alkyl portion of aryl groups.
• examples of this group of synthetic surfactants are the alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C 8 -C 18 carbon atoms) such as those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straight chain or branched chain.
• linear straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 1 1 to 14.
• anionic surfactants herein are the water soluble salts of: paraffin sulfonates containing from about 8 to about 24 (preferably about 12 to 18) carbon atoms; alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of C 8- * g alcohols (e.g., those derived from tallow and coconut oil); alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing from about 1 to about 4 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing about 1 to about 4 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• Other useful anionic surfactants herein include the water soluble salts of esters of ⁇ -sulfonated fatty acids containing from about 0 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from about 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water soluble salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-l -sulfonic acids containing from about 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; water-soluble salts of olefin sulfonates containing from about 12 to 24 carbon atoms; and ⁇ -alkyloxy alkane sulfonates containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety.
• nonionic surfactants which may be included in the concentrate compositions include known art nonionic surfactant compounds. Such nonionic surfactant compounds provide a further detersive effect to the concentrate compositions and cleaning compositions formed therefrom. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxy, hydroxy, amido, or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to the nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a water soluble nonionic surfactant compound.
• the length ofthe polyethenoxy hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements may various.
• exemplary nonionic compounds include the polyoxyethylene ethers of alkyl aromatic hydroxy compounds, e.g., alkylated polyoxyethylene phenols, polyoxyethylene ethers of long chain aliphatic alcohols, the polyoxyethylene ethers of hydrophobic propylene oxide polymers, and the higher alkyl amine oxides.
• nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated linear primary and secondary alcohols such as those commercially available under the tradenames PolyTergent® SL series (Olin Chemical Co., Stamford CT), Neodol® series (Shell Chemical Co., Houston TX); as alkoxylated alkyl phenols including those commercially available under the tradename Triton® X series (Union Carbide Chem. Co., Danbury CT).
• nonionic surfactants discussed above with regard to the third aspect ofthe invention namely the essential nonionic surfactant constituent.
• organic solvents which may be useful in providing a further cleaning benefit, especially in the loosening of stains may be added to the concentrate compositions ofthe invention. Such should be selected and be present in amounts which do not substantially interfere or detract from the blooming characteristics provided by the invention.
• exemplary organic solvents include lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl diols and glycol ethers.
• Lower alkyl alcohols which may be included are generally the water soluble C--C 8 alchols as well as the water miscible C C 8 diols examples of which include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol including t-butanol.
• Exemplary glycol ethers water miscible glycol ethers including those having the general stmcture R a -0-R b -OH, wherein R a is an alkoxy of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or aryloxy of at least 6 carbon atoms, and R b is an ether condensate of propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol having from one to ten glycol monomer units.
• R a is an alkoxy of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or aryloxy of at least 6 carbon atoms
• R b is an ether condensate of propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol having from one to ten glycol monomer units.
• Preferred are glycol ethers having one to five glycol monomer units. These are C 3 -C 0 glycol ethers.
• Examples of more preferred solvents include propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol isobutyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenol ether, and mixtures thereof.
• Further useful as the organic solvent are water-miscible ethers such as. diethylene glycol diethylether, diethylene glycol dimethylether, propylent glycol dimethylether, as well as lower esters of monoalkylethers of ethyleneglycol or propylene glycol such as. propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. Such are commercially available from Union
• a further optional, but in some cases advantageous organic solvent which may be included are one or more te ⁇ ene solvents, especially monocyclic monote ⁇ ene and bicyclic te ⁇ enes which include te ⁇ inene, te ⁇ inolenes, limonenes, pinenes and mixtures thereof. Some may be found in fractions of pine oils noted above, but preferred are those which may be obtained from the essence of citrus fruits of various types including from oranges, lemons and grapefruit. These are generally mixtures which include one or more ofthe following: d-limonene, dipentene, alpha-pentene, beta-pinene of which d- limonene is most preferred and may for example be obtained by distilling orange rind oil.
• Such a material is readily commercially available, has a very pleasant citrus fragrance, is known to have favorable cleaning properties and is derived from a naturally occuring material. If present such materials, especially materials which comprise 90%wt. and greater of d-limonene, need be present in only minor amounts, i.e., about 7%wt. and less, preferably about 5%wt, and less, and preferably about
• Certain ofthe optional constituents, such as the derivatives of citrus fruit may be provided with, or benefit from the addition of minor amounts of a stabilizer such as an antioxidant material, such as butylated hydroxytoluene.
• a stabilizer such as an antioxidant material, such as butylated hydroxytoluene.
• fragrances natural or synthetically produced containing synthetic fragrance compositions, especially those which are intended to mimic the scent of one or more resins or oils derived from coniferous species of trees, viz., a scent characteristic of pine oil type cleaning concentrates as well as scents characteristic of other forms of flora, such as flowers.
• Other desired fragrance materials may also be included in the compositions, and such are generally included in minor amounts, i.e, less than about 5%wt. of a concentrate compositions and care should be exercised so as not to undesirably inhibit the operation ofthe blooming system according to the invention and as described above.
• fragrances may be added in any conventional manner, admixing to a concentrate composition or blending with other constituents used to form a concentrate composition, in amounts which are found to be useful to enhance or impart the desired scent characteristic to the concentrate composition, and/or to cleaning compositions formed therefrom. However, they should not be included in excessive amounts.
• constituents are one or more coloring agents which find use in modifying the appearance ofthe concentrate compositions and enhance their appearance from the perspective of a consumer or other end user.
• Known coloring agents may be inco ⁇ orated in the compositions in effective amount to improve or impart to concentrate compositions an appearance characteristic of a pine oil type concentrate composition, such as a color ranging from colorless to a deep amber, deep amber yellow or deep amber reddish color.
• Other coloring agents such as those which may impart a yellow color, such as may be associated with a lemon colored cleaning composition, or other colors may also be included.
• Such a coloring agent or coloring agents may be added in any useful amount in a conventional fashion, i.e., admixing to a concentrate composition or blending with other constituents used to form a concentrate composition.
• Still further conventional additives which may be included are one or more hydrotopes such as sodium toluene sulfonate and sodium cumene sulfonate; one or more antibacterial agents such as orthobenzyl-para-chlorophenol although in preferred embodiments wherein the cationic quatemary ammonium compound has germicidal activity a further antibacterial agent is not normally required, detergent builder compositions, chelating agent especially useful as hard water ion sequestrants, as well as others.
• Each of such materials is generally only included in very minor amounts, i.e., each generally not exceeding 0.15%wt ofthe concentrate composition, but desirably even less.
• the total weight of such further conventional additives may comprise up to 30% by weight of a concentrated composition formulation, but preferably comprise not in excess of 15%wt., and are typically significantly less.
• concentrate and “concentrate composition” in this specification and claims is the pre-consumer dilution and composition ofthe cleaning composition which is the essentially the form ofthe product prepared for sale to the consumer or other end user.
• cleaning compositions are the water diluted compositions which are expected to be prepared by the consumer or other end user by mixing a measured amount ofthe "concentrate” with water in order to form an appropriately diluted cleaning composition which is suitable for use in cleaning applications, especially in the cleaning of hard surfaces.
• the formulations according to any ofthe aspects ofthe invention described above include both cleaning compositions and concentrates as outlined above which differ only in the relative proportion of water to that ofthe other constituents forming such formulations. While the concentrated form ofthe cleaning compositions find use in their original form, they are more frequently used in the formation of a cleaning composition therefrom. Such may be easily prepared by diluting measured amounts ofthe concentrate compositions in water by the consumer or other end user in certain weight ratios of concentrate:water, and optionally, agitating the same to ensure even distribution of the concentrate in the water. As noted, the concentrate may be used without dilution, i.e., in concentrate: water concentrations of 1:0, to extremely dilute dilutions such as 1:10,000.
• the concentrate is diluted in the range of 1 :0.1 - 1 : 1000, preferably in the range of 1 : 1 - 1 :500 but most preferably in the range of 1 : 10 - 1 : 100.
• the actual dilution selected is in part determinable by the degree and amount of dirt and grime to be removed from a surface(s), the amount of mechanical force imparted to remove the same, as well as the observed efficacy of a particular dilution. Generally better results and faster removal is to be expected at lower relative dilutions ofthe concentrate in water.
• Neodol® 91-2.5 a nonionic surfactant composition based on linear alcohol ethoxylates was evaluated according to the following protocol. To a clean glass beaker was added 99 parts by weight of deionized water at 20°C ⁇ 0.5°C, to which was subsequently added 1 part by weight (by weight ofthe actives) of a Neodol® 91-2.5 composition. This test sample was stirred and the sample was immediately observed to be murky or cloudy in appearance. The sample was allowed to drop to 20°C and it was observed to remain in its cloudy form. The surfactant composition was considered to be useful as as the nonionic surfactant in the concentrate compositions according to the third aspect ofthe invention.
• Neodol® 23-6.5 a nonionic surfactant composition based on linear alcohol ethoxylates was evaluated.
• To a clean glass beaker was added 99 parts by weight of deionized water at 20°C ⁇ 0.5°C, to which was subsequently added 1 part by weight (by weight ofthe actives) ofthe Neodol® 23-6.5 composition.
• the test sample was stirred and the sample was observed to be clear and transparent in appearance. The sample was allowed to drop to 20°C and no change in its appearance was noted.
• the surfactant composition was considered not to be useful as as the nonionic surfactant in the third aspect ofthe inventon.
• Exemplary concentrate composition formulations according to the first aspect ofthe invention were prepared in accordance with the following general procedure.
• the following constituents were added in the sequence: water, cationic and anionic surfactant compositions ofthe blooming system, the sufactant compatibilizing agent, and then any remaining constituents. All ofthe constituents were supplied at room temperature, and mixing ofthe constituents was achieved by the use of a magnetic stirrer. These constituents were used "as is” as supplied from their respective supplier. Mixing, which generally lasted from 1 minute to
• compositions ofthe example formulations according to the first aspect ofthe invention are listed on Table IA, below.
• PolyTergent® SL-42 1.25 — deionized water to 100 to 100 to 100
• PolyTergent® CS-1 is a polycarboxylated alcohol alkoxylate (50% active) available from Olin Chemical Co ⁇ .
• PolyTergent® C9-62P is a polycarboxylated alcohol alkoxylate (50% active) available from Olin Chemical Co ⁇ .
• BTC-835 is an alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (53% active) available from Stepan Chemical Co.
• BTC-818 is a dialkyi dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active) available from Stepan Chemical Co.
• Mackram® DZ is cocoamidopropyl betaine (30% active) available from Mclntyre Group Ltd.
• Poly-Tergent® SL-42 is a nonionic alcohol alkoxylate available from Olin Chemical Co ⁇ .
• Exemplary concentrate composition formulations according to the second aspect ofthe invention were prepared in accordance with the general procedure outlined above, and are illustrated on Table IB following.
• Pine Oil 60 is pine oil preparation available from the Glidden Co, comrising approx. 60% weight te ⁇ ene alcohol(s).
• PolyTergent® CS-1 is a polycarboxylated alcohol alkoxylate (50% active) available from Olin Chemical Co ⁇ .
• BTC 8358 is an alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (80% active) available from Stepan Chemical Co.
• BTC 818 is a dialkyi dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active) available from Stepan Chemical Co.
• Mackra ® DZ is cocoamidopropyl betaine (30% active) available from Mclntyre Group Ltd.
• PolyTergent® SL-62 is a nonionic alcohol alkoxylate available from Olin Chemical Co ⁇ .
• Comparative formulations according to the prior art and example formulations according to the third aspect ofthe invention were prepared in accordance with the following general procedure.
• the following constituents were added in the sequence: water, pine oil, nonionic surfactants, other surfactants, pine oil solubilizing agent, and if present BTC-8358®, a quartemary ammonium compound preparation. All ofthe constituents were supplied at room temperature (approximately 20°C), mixing ofthe constituents was achieved by the use of a magnetic stirrer. Stirring, which generally lasted from approximately 2 minutes to approximately 5 minutes continued and was maintained while the particular formulation attained uniform color and uniform clarity or translucency. Each ofthe formulations exhibited the following physical characteristics: transparent appearance, light to medium yellowish amber color, and an appreciable pine oil odor. The exemplary compositions were readily pourable, and retained well mixed characteristics, demonstrating excellent shelf stability.
• compositions of the example formulations are listed on Table IC, below wherein the values indicated for each ofthe formulations are indicative of weight percents ofthe respective constituent in the formulation.
• Pine Oil 60 is a pine oil preparation available from the Glidco Organics Corp., Jacksonville, FL
• BTC-8358 is an alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (80% active) available from Stepan Chemical Co.
• Neodol® 91-2.5 is a nonionic surfactant composition based on linear alcohol ethoxylates featuring a cloud point ⁇
• Neodol® 23-6.5 is nonionic surfactant composition based on linear alcohol ethoxylates featuring a cloud point >
• MackamTM DZ is a surfactant composition containing cocoamidopropyl betaine
• formulations designated as “Comp.l” and “Comp.2” are indicative of illustrative formulations which did not comprise the nonionic surfactant having a cloud point less than 20°C, while the formulations designated as “Ex.lC”, “Ex.2C” and “Ex.3C” are formulations demonstrating the blooming feature according to the present invention, and considered with in the present inventive scope. Each of these formulations appeared to be translucent and varying little in color.
• a further formulation according to the third aspect ofthe invention was produced in which no pine oil was present, but in which the sole blooming agent was the nonionic surfactant having a cloud point less than 20°C, and is illustrated on Table ID following:
• Neodol® 91-2.5 is a nonionic surfactant composition based on linear alcohol ethoxylates featuring a cloud point ⁇ 20°C available from Shell Chemical Co., Houston TX.
• Neodol® 91-8 is a nonionic surfactant composition based on linear alcohol ethoxylates available from Shell Chemical Co., Houston TX.
• Dowanol® PM is a propylene glycol methyl ether available from Dow Chemical Co.,
• Each ofthe example formulations was used to prepare an aqueous diluted form therefrom at a concentration and dilution typical of conventionally used cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions useful in commercial/residential locations. These aqueous dilutions were simply prepared by pouring one part by weight of each example formulation of Table 1 into 63 parts by weight of tap water (1 :64 b weight dilution) at 20°C and in some instances at 40°C.
• aqueous dilutions were prepared to evaluate the degree of light transmittance, a measure ofthe opacity as well as ofthe blooming of each ofthe aqueous dilutions. Certain of these aqueous dilutions were also evaluated to determine the antimicrobal efficacy ofthe aqueous dilution. The results of the light transmittance evaluation was determined as a percentage of light transmitted through a sample of a particular aqueous dilution wherein the transmisson of a like sample of water is assigned a percentage of 100%.
• the formulations according to the invention provided excellent blooming characteristics, although containing little or no pine oil in their formulations.
• the absence of pine oil, or its presence in reduced amounts also required a substantial reduction in pine oil solubilizing agents as compared to prior art pine oil cleaning compositions; many such agents are considered undesired VOCs and their use is desirably limited.
• the exemplary formulations featured good blooming behaviour as cleaning composition, but were substantially clear in the form of concentrate compositions.
• the antimicrobal efficacy of certain of prepared formulations were also evaluated against two representative bacterial species, Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus. As is known in the art, each of these bacterial species is commonly found and is desirably removed or destroyed during a cleaning procedure of such environments.
• Antimicrobial efficacy ofthe prepared formulations according to examples were evaluated generally in accordance with the standardized AOAC Use-Dilution test method based on AOAC Official
• the exemplary formulations featured good blooming behaviour and the tested formulations also showed good efficacy as germicidal agents.
• formulations which contain effective amounts ofthe quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant described above especially with respect to the first and second aspects of the invention and/or which include a germicial active agent such as the phenolic compositions described above are useful in providing germicidal active compositions within the scope ofthe present inventive teaching.

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