WO1997000930A1 - Composes pour le lavage de la vaisselle a la main - Google Patents

Composes pour le lavage de la vaisselle a la main Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997000930A1
WO1997000930A1 PCT/US1996/008669 US9608669W WO9700930A1 WO 1997000930 A1 WO1997000930 A1 WO 1997000930A1 US 9608669 W US9608669 W US 9608669W WO 9700930 A1 WO9700930 A1 WO 9700930A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
surfactant
detergent composition
dishwashing detergent
manual dishwashing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/008669
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean-François Bodet
Jing Chen
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Publication of WO1997000930A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997000930A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/86—Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dishwashing detergent compositions exhibiting improved dissolution performance.
  • the formulator of a manual dishwashing detergent composition is required to formulate compositions which meet a number of consumer relevant performance demands.
  • such a composition should be effective at removing soils from dirty "dishes" when used in a manual dishwashing process.
  • the soils encountered in dishwashing are largely but not exclusively food based.
  • Particularly difficult soils to remove include greasy soils, burnt on food soils, dried on food soils, highly coloured soils derived from e.g. highly coloured vegetables, as well as non-food soils such as lipstick on the rims of glasses or nicotine stains.
  • dishwashing detergent should act such as to suspend these soils in the wash solution and thus prevent their redeposition onto the dishes, or onto the surface of the sink.
  • the manual dishwashing composition should be high sudsing and the sudsing should persist throughout the washing process. This is particularly important as sudsing is used as an indicator by the consumer that the wash solution still contains active detergent ingredients. The consumer usually renews the wash solution when the sudsing has subsided .
  • the manual dishwashing composition should also be mild to the skin, and particularly to the hands and should not cause skin dryness, chapping or roughness. Such skin complaints largely result from the removal of natural oils from the skin.
  • the manual dishwashing composition should desirably be effective at removing grease from plates but not natural oils from the skin.
  • compositions are formulated in a distinct way from, for example, machine dishwashing, laundry, and hard-surface cleaner compositions.
  • the dissolution profile of a dishwashing composition describes the ability of the composition to dissolve quickly and easily with minimum agitation to form a homogeneous solution.
  • the dissolution profile is dependent upon the method of dishwashing practised by the consumer.
  • This is typically either a direct application method or an in solution method and may take place in ambient or warm water conditions.
  • the direct application method consists of dampening the dish article and then applying the detergent composition to the article in its undiluted form. This method thus requires the dishwashing composition to dissolve using the minimum amount of water. It is however highly desirable that the dissolution profile of the composition is independent of the method of dishwashing practised by the consumer.
  • magnesium ions which are usually present as the counter ion of anionic surfactants are considered a highly desirable component of liquid dishwashing compositions. Furthermore, magnesium ions also assist the sudsing performance of the composition and deliver good hand mildness.
  • the combination of magnesium ions with a surfactant system in dishwashing compositions has a detrimental effect on the dissolution profile of the compositions. This problem is particularly acute in the presence of amine oxides which are a particularly preferred component of surfactant systems as they also provide grease removal performance benefits.
  • dishwashing compositions typically employ solvent and/or hydrotrope systems to assist the dissolution of the composition in water.
  • solvent and/or hydrotrope systems to assist the dissolution of the composition in water.
  • the short chain surfactants provide the dual benefits of surfactancy and improved dissolution.
  • the dissolution benefits have been observed for all types of surfactants such as nonionics, anionics, cationics and zwitterionics.
  • compositions of the present invention are also improved particularly when utilised in direct application dishwashing conditions.
  • compositions of the present invention deliver improved rinsing performance.
  • the use of magnesium ions in liquid dishwashing compositions to promote grease removal performance is well documented in the art.
  • EPO 181 212 discloses physically stable liquid detergent compositions which are enzyme free comprising 22-65% of a surfactant system comprising alkyl sulphate, linear alkylaryl sulphonate, and alkyl alkoxylated sulphate, 0.25%-l-% CIO- 16 zwitterionic surfactants, magnesium ions and 1-10% C6-C13 ethoxylated nonionic surfactants. No other short chain surfactants are disclosed.
  • the compositions optionally comprise solvents and hydrotropes.
  • European patent application number 92900582.5 discloses liquid dishwashing compositions comprising alkyl ethoxy carboxylate and calcium/magnesium ions.
  • US 4 133 779 relates to detergent compositions comprising a semi polar nonionic detergent and an alkali earth metal salt of an anionic detergent for the removal of greasy soils.
  • Short chain surfactants have also been disclosed in the art and a number of performance benefits such as improved stability, suds suppression and increased viscosity have been ascribed to them.
  • European patent application number 93870191.9 discloses concentrated aqueous cleaning compositions comprising at least one short chain surfactant (C6-C10) which have improved stability.
  • the compositions may optionally comprise long chain surfactants including amine oxide and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
  • long chain surfactants including amine oxide and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
  • magnesium ions There is however no disclosure of magnesium ions.
  • European patent application number 93870215.6 describes thickened aqueous detergent compositions comprising short chain (C6- C10) anionic, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants and a long chain surfactant mixture comprising a C12-16 amine oxide.
  • the compositions may optionally comprise other long chain surfactants, but polyhydroxyfatty acid amides are not specifically mentioned.
  • Magnesium ions are also not disclosed and neither are solvent or hydrotrope systems.
  • European patent application number 93922613.8 relates to thickened aqueous liquid detergent compositions having a viscosity of from 50-2000cps comprising a mixture of long chain (C 12/ 14/ 16) amine oxides and a short chain surfactant (C6-10).
  • the compositions may also comprise other long chain surfactants.
  • the document also describes the application of the invention to dishwashing although no compositions are exemplified. There is also no disclosure of magnesium ions.
  • Unpublished British patent application number 9414105.8 relates to liquid dishwashing compositions comprising a anionic/nonionic surfactant system and a C7-C9 and C 12-C 14 amine oxide mixture for improved ease of soil removal.
  • European patent application number 91917564.6 discloses detergent compositions comprising nonionic surfactants including C8- 22 ethoxylated alcohols, C8-C24 anionic surfactants and polyhydroxyfatty acid amides.
  • EPO 652 281 discloses aqueous alkaline compositions comprising an alkali metal hydroxide and a nonionic surfactant which is a propylene or butylene oxide-ethylene oxide derivative having a chain length of from C4 to Cll.
  • the compositions may be used for mechanical dishwashing and exhibit good wetting behaviour and are low foaming.
  • magnesium ions There is no disclosure of magnesium ions.
  • EPO 125 854 discloses stable liquid detergent compositions comprising 20-80% anionic surfactant consisting essentially of CIO/ 16 LAS or AS and AES and 1-10% C6-C13 ethoxylated alcohol.
  • the composition may optionally comprise C8-18 mono- or di- alkanolamides, tertiary amine oxides and amine oxides and solvents and magnesium ions. The document does not disclose any other short chain surfactant.
  • the present invention relates to a manual liquid or gel dishwashing detergent composition
  • a manual liquid or gel dishwashing detergent composition comprising from 5% to 75% of a surfactant system comprising i. a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide according to the formula
  • Rj is H or a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl and R2 is a C10-C18 hydrocarbyl and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxy groups directly connected to the chain or an alkoxylated derivative thereof and/or a C10-C30 alkylpolysaccharide and/or a C10-C18 fatty mono- and/or di- alkanol amide
  • R3R4R5N ⁇ 0 an amine oxide according to the formula R3R4R5N ⁇ 0, wherein R3 and R4 are independently C ⁇ to C3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups and R5 is C10-C18 hydrocarbyl or acylamidoalkyl group
  • a short chain surfactant having a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion wherein the chain length of said hydrophobic portion is from C4 to C9
  • said short chain surfactant (iii) is an amine oxide, said composition is substantially free of a hydrotrope.
  • the manual liquid or gel dishwashing compositions of the present invention comprise as an essential ingredient from 5 % to 75 % , preferably from 5% to 60%, more preferably from 5% to 50% of a surfactant system.
  • Said system comprises as essential components a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and/or a alkylpolysaccharide and/or a fatty mono- and/or di-alkanolamide, an amine oxide, a long chain anionic surfactant and a short chain surfactant as defined below.
  • Poly hydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are according to the formula:
  • Ri is H, a C1..C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or mixtures thereof, preferably a C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably a Cj or C2 alkyl, most preferably a Cj
  • R2 is a C10-C18 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight chain C11-C19 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C11-C17 alkyl or alkenyl or mixtures thereof
  • Z is a polyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyl groups directly connected to the chain or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
  • Z is preferably derived from a reducing sugar in reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a gly city 1.
  • Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose and xylose.
  • high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup and high maltose corn syrup can be utilised as well as individual sugars listed above. It should be understood that these corn syrups may yield a mixture of sugar components for Z.
  • Z is preferably selected from the group consisting of
  • n is an integer from 3 to 5 inclusive and R 1 is hydrogen or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide. Most preferred are the glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly CH2(CHOH)4CH2 ⁇ H.
  • Ri can be for example, N-methyl , N- ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or. N-2- hydroxy propyl.
  • R5 ⁇ CO-N ⁇ can be for example cocamide, stearimide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, talloamide etc.
  • Z can be 1-deooxy gly city 1, 2- deoxyfructityl, 1 -deoxy maltityl, 1 -deoxy lactityl, 1-deoxygalactityl, 1- doexymannityl, 1-deoxymaltotriotityl, etc.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides having the formula:
  • X is a bridging group having from about 2 to about 200 atoms
  • Z and Z' are the same or different alcohol-containing moieties having two or more hydroxyl groups (e.g., glycerol, and units derived from reducing sugars such as glucose, maltose and the like), or either one (but not both) of Z or Z' is hydrogen
  • R and R' are the same or different hydrocarbyl moieties having from about 11 to about 21 carbon atoms and can be saturated, branched or unsaturated (e.g., oleoyl) and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred X groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear alkyl, ether alkyl, amino alkyl, or amido alkyl moieties having from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred alkyl moieties are unsubstituted, linear alkyl moieties having the formula - (CH2)n ⁇ » wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 15, preferably from 2 to about 10, and most preferably from 2 to about 6; and also unsubstituted, branched alkyl moieties having from 3 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • ethylene and propylene (branched or linear) alkyl moieties are ethylene and propylene (branched or linear) alkyl moieties.
  • unsubstituted, branched or linear ether alkyl moieties having the formula -R2-(0-R2) m -, wherein each R2 is independently selected from C2 ⁇ C branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof) and m is an integer from 1 to about 5.
  • X may also be unsubstituted, branched or linear amino and/or amido alkyl moieties having the formula -R2-(N(R3)-R2) ⁇ I - J wherein each R ⁇ is independently selected from C2-C branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof), m is an integer from 1 to about 5, and R ⁇ is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and -C(0)R 4 -, wherein R 4 is C1-C21 alkyl, including -C(0)R.
  • the X moiety may be derived from commercially available amine compounds such as, for example, Jeffamines ⁇ (supplied by Texaco) such as JED600, JEDR148, JEDR192, JED230, JED2000, J-D230.and J-D400.
  • Preferred X moieties therefore include: -(CH2)2 _ , -(CH2)3 ⁇ , - (CH 2 ) 4 -, -(CH2)5-, -(CH 2 )6-, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2"0- (CH 2 )2-, -(CH 2 )3-0-(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2-0-(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2-0-(CH 2 )2- 0-(CH 2 )2", -(CH 2 )3-0-(CH2)2-0-(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2"0-(CH 2 )3-0- (CH 2 )2-, -(CH 2 )2-NH-(CH 2 )2-, -(CH 2 )3-NH-(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2"NH- (CH 2 )3-, -(
  • Preferred Z and Z' groups are independently selected from polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moieties having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 hydroxyls (in the case of glycerol) or at least 3 hydroxyls ( in the case of other sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
  • Z and Z' preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar, more preferably Z and/or Z' is a glycityl moiety.
  • Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde.
  • high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilised as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z and Z' . It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
  • Z and/or Z' preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CHOH)- p -CH2 ⁇ H, -CH(CH2 ⁇ H)-(CHOH) p _ ⁇ - CH2OH, -CH2-(CHOH)2(CHORl)(CHOH)-CH2 ⁇ H, where p is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and Rl is H or a cyclic mono- or polysaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein p is 4, particularly -CH2-(CHOH)4-CH2 ⁇ H.
  • R and R 1 groups are independently selected from C10- C21 hydrocarbyl moieties, preferably straight or branched chain.
  • compositions according to the present invention comprise from 0.5% to 40% , preferably from 1 % to 20% , most preferably from 1 % to 15% of said polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
  • Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.0 to about 10, preferably from about 1.0 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties. (Optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.)
  • the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
  • the preferred alkyleneoxide is ethylene oxide.
  • Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from 10 to 18, preferably from 10 to 16, carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group is a straight-chain saturated alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group can contain up to about 3 hydroxyl groups and/or the polyalkyleneoxide chain, can contain up to about 10, preferably less than 5, alkyleneoxide moieties.
  • Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are octyl, nonyldecyl, undecyldodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, galatoses.
  • Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta- and hexaglucosides.
  • the preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula: R2 ⁇ (C n H 2n O)t(glycosyl) x
  • R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18, preferably from 12 to 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, t is from 0 to 10, x is from 1.0 to 10, preferably from 1.0 to 3, most preferably from 1.3 to 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1-position).
  • the additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1-position and the preceding glycosyl units 2-,3-, 4- and/or 6-position, preferably predominantly the 2-position.
  • the corresponding sulphated polysaccharides may also be used herein.
  • the dishwashing compositions comprise from 0.5 % to 40% , preferably from 1.0% to 20% , more preferably from 1.0% to 15% of said alkylpolysaccharide surfactant.
  • suitable fatty mono- and/or di ⁇ alkanolamide for use herein include C10-C18, preferably C12-14 alkyl ethanol amides.
  • compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from 0.5% to 40%, preferably from 1 % to 20%, more preferably from 1 % to 15% by weight of said fatty mono- and/or di- alkanolamide.
  • the surfactant system comprises as an essential component an amine oxide having the formula R3R4R5N— 0, wherein R3 and R4 are independently Cj to C3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups and R5 is C10-C18 hydrocarbyl or acylamidoalkyl group.
  • amine oxide surfactants in particular include C10-C18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C10-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxyethyl amine oxides.
  • Examples of such materials include dimethy locty lamine oxide, diethyldecy lamine oxide, dimethy ldodecy lamine oxide, dipropyltetradecylamine oxide, methylethylhexadecy lamine oxide, dimethyl-2-hydroxyoctadecylamine oxide and cocoamidopropyldimethyl amine oxide.
  • Preferred is C10-C18 alkyl dimethy lamine oxide.
  • compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from 0.5% to 40% , preferably from 1 % to 20% , more preferably from 1 % to 15% by weight of said amine oxide.
  • the surfactant system comprises as an essential component a short chain surfactant for improved dissolution, sudsing and rinsing.
  • Said short chain surfactant has a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion wherein the chain length of said hydrophobic portion is from C4 to C9.
  • surfactants have in common that they comprise a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion.
  • short chain surfactant it is herein meant surfactants which comprise a C4-C9 alkyl chain as their hydrophobic portion.
  • the alkyl chain may be linear or branched.
  • the hydrophobic portion has a C5 to C9 chain length, more preferably a C6 to C8 chain length and most preferably has a C8 chain length.
  • Such short chain surfactants are accordingly those conventionally used in this field, but with a shorter alkyl chain, and can be of any type including anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic and semi polar.
  • suitable short chain surfactants for use herein include C4-C9 alkyl sulfates (C4-C9SO4), alkyl ether sulfates (C4- C9(OCH2CH2)eS ⁇ 4), alkyl sulfonates (C4-C9SO3), alkyl succinates (C4-C9OOCCH2CH2COOZ), alkyl carboxylates (C4-C9COOM), alkyl ether carboxylates (C4-C9(OCH2CH2) e COOM), alkyl sarcosinates (C4-C9CON(CH3)R), alkyl sulfo succinates (C4- C9 ⁇ OCCH(S ⁇ 3M)CH2COOZ), amine oxides (C4-C9RR'NO), glucose amides (C4-C9CONR"X), gemini glucose amides, alkyl pyrrolidones (C4-C9(C4H)
  • e and p are independently from 0 to 20 and e+p >0
  • Z is M or R
  • M is H or any counterion such as those known in the art, including Na, K, Li, NH4, amine
  • X is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof
  • R, R and R'" are C1-C5 alkyl groups, possibly functionalized with hydroxyl groups, R and R' are preferably C1-C3, most preferably methyl
  • R" is preferably 2-hydroxy ethyl or 2 hydroxypropyl
  • G is a saccharide, preferably glucose, and g is of from 1.5 to 8.
  • compositions according to the present invention may comprise any of the above surfactants alone, or any combination thereof.
  • Preferred short chain nonionic surfactants are preferably selected from alkyl alkoxylated alcohols, alkylpolysaccharide, acyl amides, acyl glucose amides, ethanol amides, alkyl glycerol ethers and mixtures thereof. More preferred short chain nonionic surfactants for use herein are alkyl alkoxylates according to the formula C6-C (OCH2CH2) e (OCH2CH2CH2)pOH, where e and p representing respectively the degree of ethoxyiation and propoxylation, are independently of from 0 to 20, and that e+p >0.
  • Most preferred short chain nonionic surfactants for use herein are those where e and p are such that e+p is from 3 to 20, particularly those where p is 0 and e is from 8 to 14. Also, most preferred short chain nonionic surfactants for use herein are those where said short chain is a hydrocarbon chain comprising from 7 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferably the short chain nonionic surfactants have an HLB of from 8 to 20.
  • Said preferred short chain nonionic surfactants for use herein can be manufactured by the processes well known to the man skilled in the art, such as condensation of the corresponding alcohol and alkylene oxide, but such short chain surfactants are more conveniently commercially available for instance from Sidobre under the trade name Mergital@C4 (C8E04).
  • Preferred short chain zwitterionic or semi polar surfactants for use herein are amine oxides (C4-C9RR'NO), and betaines (C4- C9N + (CH3)2CH2COO-). According to the present invention if the composition comprises a short chain amine oxide, said composition is substantially free of a hydrotrope.
  • Preferred short chain anionic surfactants for use herein are C4- C9alkyl sulfates (C4-C9SO4) and alkyl sulfonates (C4-C9SO3). Most preferred are the C6-C8 alkyl sulfates and sulfonates.
  • Such short chain anionic surfactants can be made by well known sulphation or sulphonation processes followed by neutralization, but said anionic short chain surfactants are more conveniently commercially available, for instance from Rhone Poulenc under the trade name Rhodapon® OLS, or from Witco under the trade name Witconate®.
  • compositions according to the present invention may comprise from 1.0 % to 40 % by weight of the total composition, preferably from 1 % to 20% , most preferably from 1 % to 15% of said short chain surfactants.
  • the surfactant system further comprises as an essential ingredient a long alkyl chain C10-C24, preferably C 12-C 18 anionic surfactant.
  • the anionic surfactant may be essentially any anionic surfactant, including anionic sulphate, sulphonate or carboxylate surfactant and mixtures thereof.
  • the anionic sulphate surfactant may be any organic sulphate surfactant. It is preferably selected from the group consisting of CJO- C ⁇ 6 alkyl sulphate which has been ethoxylated with from about 0.5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule, C10-C17 acyl-N-(C ⁇ - C4 alkyl) glucamine sulphated, -N-(C2 ⁇ C4 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulphate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the anionic sulphate surfactant is a Cjo-Ci6 alkyl sulphate which has been ethoxylated with from about 0.5 to about 20, preferably from about 0.5 to about 6 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
  • anionic sulphate surfactants include the Cjo-C ⁇ acyl-N- (C1-C4 alkyl) and -N-(Cj-C2 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulphates, preferably those in which the C ⁇ Q-C ⁇ acyl group is derived from coconut or palm kernel oil. These materials can be prepared by the method disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,717,894, Schwartz, issued September 13, 1955.
  • the counterion for the anionic sulphate surfactant component is preferably selected from calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, or alkanol-ammonium, and mixtures thereof, with calcium and magnesium being preferred for cleaning and sudsing, respectively.
  • the anionic surfactant may used used as the principal source of magnesium ions.
  • Anionic sulphonate surfactants suitable for use herein include, for example, the salts (e.g. alkali metal salts) of C ⁇ o _ C20 ⁇ near alkylbenzene sulphonates, C10-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulphonates, C10-C24 olefin sulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulphonates, paraffin sulphonates, and any mixtures thereof.
  • the salts e.g. alkali metal salts
  • C ⁇ o _ C20 ⁇ near alkylbenzene sulphonates C10-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulphonates
  • C10-C24 olefin sulphonates C10-C24 olefin sulphonates
  • Anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant Anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant
  • Alkyl ethoxy carboxylates suitable for use herein include those with the formula RO(CH2CH2 ⁇ )x CH2COO-M + wherein R is a Cio to C ⁇ 6 alkyl group, x ranges from 0 to 10, and the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than 20% , preferably less than 15% , most preferably less than 10%, and the amount of material where x is greater than 7, is less than 25% , preferably less than 15% , most preferably less than 10% , the average x is from 2 to 4 when the average R is C13 or less, and the average x is from 3 to 6 when the average R is greater than C13, and M is a cation, preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium ⁇ mono, di-, and tri- ethanol-ammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions.
  • R is a Ci
  • Alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants suitable for use herein include those having the formula: R - O - (CH - CH - 0)x - R3
  • Ri R2 wherein R is a Cjo to C ⁇ $ alkyl group, x is from 1 to 25, R ⁇ and R2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl acid radical, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one R ⁇ or R2 is a succinic acid radical or hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • Secondary soap surfactants (aka “alkyl carboxyl surfactants”) useful herein are those which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. It is to be understood herein that the secondary carbon can be in a ring structure, e.g. as in p-octyl benzoic acid, or as in alkyl-substituted cyclohexyl carboxylates.
  • the secondary soap surfactants should contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages and no hydroxyl groups. There should be no nitrogen atoms in the head- group (amphiphilic portion).
  • the secondary soap surfactants usually contain 11-15 total carbon atoms, although slightly more (e.g., up to 16) can be tolerated, e.g. p-octyl benzoic acid.
  • a highly preferred class of secondary soaps useful herein comprises the secondary carboxyl materials of the formula R3 CH(R 4 )COOM, wherein R3 is CH3(CH2)x and R 4 is CH3(CH2)y, wherein y can be 0 or an integer from 1 to 4, x is an integer from 4 to 10 and the sum of (x + y) is 11-16, preferably 11-14, most preferably 12.
  • Another class of secondary soaps comprises secondary carboxyl compounds of the formula CH3(CHR)k-(CH2) m -(CHR) n - CH(COOM)(CHR)o-(CH2)p-(CHR) q -CH3, wherein each R is C1-C4 alkyl, wherein k, n, o, q are integers in the range of 0-8, provided that the total number of carbon atoms (including the carboxylate) is in the range of 10 to 18.
  • the species M can be any suitable, especially water-solubilizing, counterion, e.g.
  • H alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium, di- and tri- alkanolammonium, and C1-C5 alkyl substituted ammonium.
  • Sodium is convenient, as is diethanolammonium.
  • Preferred secondary soap surfactants for use herein are water ⁇ soluble members selected from the group consisting of the water ⁇ soluble salts of 2-methyl-l -undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl- 1 -decanoic acid, 2- propyl-1 -nonanoic acid, 2-butyl- 1 -octanoic acid, 2-pentyl-l-heptanoic acid and isopentadecanoic acid.
  • anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the compositions hereof. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, fatty oleyl glycerol sulphates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulphates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates, N-acyl sarcosinates, branched primary alkyl sulphates, alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO(CH 2 CH 2 0) k CH 2 COO-M + wherein R is a C 10 -C 22 alkyl, k is an integer from 0 to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming cation, and fatty
  • Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23.
  • the dishwashing compositions may comprise from 3% to 60% , preferably from 3% to 45% , more preferably from 5% to 30% of said conventional long chain anionic surfactant.
  • another essential ingredient of the compositions is from 0.01 % to 3% , preferably from 0.15% to 2% by weight of magnesium ions.
  • Said magnesium ions provide the liquid detergent compositions of the invention with improved grease removal, product stability, as well as improved sudsing.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise an anionic surfactant which may be either long or short chained and is in the acid form
  • the magnesium can be added by neutralization of the acid with a magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide slurry in water. This technique minimises the addition of chloride ions, which reduces corrosive properties.
  • the neutralised surfactant salts is then added to the final mixing tank and any optional ingredients are added before adjusting the pH.
  • the mole ratio of magnesium ions to anionic surfactant is from 0.05:1 to 2:1
  • the magnesium ions are present in the compositions at a ratio with said short chain surfactants of from 1 :40 to 1:2, preferably from 1 :20 to 1 :3, more preferably from 1: 10 to 1 :5.
  • compositions comprise 12% or less, preferably 5% or less and are most preferably substantially free of a hydrotrope.
  • hydrotrope refers to the group of lower Crj-3 alkyl aryl sulphonate salts, Cj-Cg carboxylic sulphate or sulphonate salts, urea, C1-C4 hydrocarboxy lates, C1-C4 carboxylates and C2-C4 diacids and mixtures thereof.
  • Lower alkyl aryl sulphonates include alkyl aryl sulphonates and include sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium- xylene sulphonates, toluene sulphonates, cumene sulphonates and napthalene sulphonates and mixtures thereof.
  • Cj-C ⁇ carboxylic sulphate or sulphonate salts are any water soluble salts or organic compounds comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms (exclusive of substituent groups), which are substituted with sulphate or sulphonate and have at least one carboxylic group.
  • the subsituted organic compound may be cyclic, acylic or aromatic, i.e. benzene derivatives.
  • Preferred alkyl compounds have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms substiuted with sulphate or sulphonate and have from 1 to 2 carboxylic groups.
  • hydrotropes examples include sulphosuccinate salts, sulphophthalic salts, sulphoacetic salts, m-sulphobenzoic acid salts and diesters sulphosuccinates, preferably the sodium or potassium salts as disclosed in US 3 915 903.
  • C1-C4 hydrocarboxy lates, C1 -C4 carboxylates refer to acetates and propionates and citrates.
  • C2-C4 diacids refer to compunds such as succinic, glutaric and adipic acids.
  • Other compounds which deliver hydrotropic effects include C6-C12 alkanols and urea.
  • the surfactant system may optionally comprise conventional long chain surfactants having a chain length of from C11-C24 selected from nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and amphoteric surfactants, and any mixtures thereof.
  • the surfactant system of said dishwashing detergent composition may comprise long chain C10-C24 nonionic surfactants.
  • Nonionic condensates suitable for use herein include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols. In general, the polyethylene oxide condensates are preferred. These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.
  • Alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use herein.
  • the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms with from about 2 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Most preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms with from about 6 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • nonionic surfactants of this type include Tergitol ⁇ M 15-S-9 (the condensation product of C11-C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), Tergitol ⁇ M 24-L-6 NMW (the condensation product of C 12-C 14 primary alcohol with 6 moles ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution), both marketed by Union Carbide Corporation; Neodol ⁇ M 45.9 (t e condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodo.TM 23-6.5 (the condensation product of C12- Cj3 linear alcohol with 6.54 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodo.TM 45.
  • NeodolTM 45.4 the condensation product of C14- C15 linear alcohol with 4 moles of ethylene oxide
  • NeodolTM 23-3 the condensation product of C ⁇ 2-13 linear alcohol with 3 moles of ethylene oxide
  • Kyro ⁇ M EOBN the condensation product of C13-C15 alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • PO propylene oxide
  • propylene glycol The condensation products of ethylene oxide (EO) with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide (PO) with propylene glycol are suitable for use herein.
  • compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.
  • condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine are suitable for use herein.
  • this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TetronicTM compounds, marketed by BASF.
  • the dishwashing compositions may comprise from 0% to 30% , preferably from 0.1 % to 25%, more preferably from 0.5% to 20% of said conventional long chain nonionic surfactants.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids of the formula:
  • Rl is a (CH2) x COOM or CH2CH2OH, and x is 1 or 2 and M is preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions.
  • the preferred R alkyl chain length is a C ⁇ o to Ci alkyl group.
  • a preferred amphocarboxylic acid is produced from fatty imidazolines wherein the dicarboxylic acid functionality of the amphodicarboxylic acid is diacetic acid and/or dipropionic acid.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions herein.
  • compositions may comprise betaines.
  • betaines useful as zwitterionic surfactants in the present invention are those compounds having the formula R(R1)2N+R2COO " wherein R is a C10-C1 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1 -C 6 alkyl group or Cn_ 6 acylamido alkyl group, each Rl is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R ⁇ is a C - C5 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene group, more preferably a C1-C2 alkylene group.
  • betaines examples include coconut acylamidopropyldimethyl betaine; hexadecyl dimethyl betaine; C 12-14 acylamidopropylbetaine; C8-14 acylamidohexyldiethyl betaine ; 4[C ⁇ 4. ⁇ g acy Imethy lamidodiethy lammonio]- 1 -carboxybutane ; C 1 g- 18 acylamidodimethylbetaine; Cj2-16 acylamidopentanediethyl- betaine; [C 12-16 acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine.
  • Preferred betaines are C12-I8 dimethy 1-ammonio hexanoate and the CiO-18 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines.
  • R is a hydrocarbon group having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms
  • A is the group (C(0))
  • n is 0 or 1
  • Ri is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group
  • x is 2 or 3
  • y is an integer of 0 to 4
  • Q is the group -R2COOM wherein R2 is an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and M is hydrogen or an ion from the groups alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and substituted ammonium and B is hydrogen or a group Q as defined.
  • the sultaines useful in the present invention are those compounds having the formula (R(R1)2N+R2S03 ⁇ wherein R is a C10-C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C12-C 6 alkyl group, more preferably a C 12-C 3 alkyl group, each Rl is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R-2 is a Ci-Cg hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene or, preferably, hydroxyalkylene group.
  • Suitable sultaines include C 12-C 14 dimethylammonio-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonate, C12-I4 amido propyl ammonio-2-hydroxypropyl sultaine, C 2-14 dihydroxyethylammonio propane sulfonate, and C16-I8 dimethylammonio hexane sulfonate, with C12-I4 amido propyl ammonio-2-hydroxypropyl sultaine being preferred.
  • the zwitterionics described herein above may also be present in small quantities to deliver suds enhancing benefits to the compositions.
  • compositions of the invention will most preferably contain an organic solvent system present at levels of from 1 % to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 % to 20% by weight, more preferably form 2% to 15% by weight of the composition.
  • Suitable solvents are benzyl alcohol, and diols such as 2-ethyl- 1 ,3-hexanediol and 2,2,4-trimethl- 1 ,3-pentanediol.
  • the low molecular weight, water-soluble, liquid polyethylene glycols are also suitable solvents for use herein.
  • alkane mono and diols especially the Ci-C ⁇ alkane mono and diols are suitable for use herein.
  • C1-C4 monohydric alcohols eg: ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and mixtures thereof
  • ethanol particularly preferred.
  • the C1-C4 dihydric alcohols, including propylene glycol, are also preferred.
  • the dishwashing compositions may comprise from 0.01 % to 3% , more preferably from 0.15% to 1 % of calcium ions. It has been found for compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amide that the presence of calcium greatly improves the cleaning of greasy soils. This is especially true when the compositions are used in softened water, which contains few divalent ions.
  • the calcium ions can, for example, be added as a chloride, hydroxide, oxide, formate or acetate, or nitrate salt. If the anionic surfactants are in the acid form, the calcium can be added as a calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide slurry in water to neutralise the acid.
  • the calcium ions may be present in the compositions as salts.
  • the amount of calcium ions present in compositions of the invention may be dependent upon the amount of total anionic surfactant present herein.
  • the molar ratio of calcium ions to total anionic surfactant is preferably from 1:0.1 to 1:25, more preferably from 1:2 to 1:10, for compositions of the invention.
  • compositions according to the present invention may addditionally comprise thickening agents, such as polyquaterium cellulose cationic polymer, for example QuatrisoftR available from the Americhol Corporation.
  • thickening agents such as polyquaterium cellulose cationic polymer, for example QuatrisoftR available from the Americhol Corporation.
  • compositions according to the present invention formulated for use in manual dishwashing applications are preferably formulated to have a pH at 20 C of from 3 to 12, preferably from 6 to most preferably from 7 to 8.5.
  • compositions may be formulated for use as in pre-treatment applications whereby the composition is applied in essentially the concentrated from onto the dishes. Preferably the composition is allowed to remain on the dishes for a period of time.
  • Compositions for use in such applications preferably have a pH of from 3 to 14, more preferably from 3 to 5 or greater than 8.
  • compositions may be liquid or gel compositions.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may also be in the form of a gel.
  • Such compositions are typically formulated in polyakenyl polyether and having a molecular weight of from about 750,000 to about 4,000,000.
  • polycarboxylate polymer thickeners are the Carbopol 600 series resins available from B.F. Goodrich. Especially preferred are Carbopol 616 and 617. It is believed that these resins are more highly cross-linked than the 900 series resins and have molecular weights between about 1,000,000 and 4,000,000. Mixtures of polycarboxylate polymers as herein described may also be used in the present invention. Particularly preferred is a mixture of Carbopol 616 and 617 series resins.
  • the polycarboxylate polymer thickener is utilised preferably with essentially no clay thickening agent.
  • the polycarboxylate polymers of the present invention are utilised with clay in the composition of the present invention, a less desirable product, in terms of phase instability, results.
  • the polycarboxylate polymer is preferably used instead of clay as a thickening/stabilising agent in the present compositions.
  • the polycarboxylate polymer is used as a thickening agent in the compositions of the present invention, it is typically present at a level of from about 0.1 % to about 10%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight.
  • the thickening agents are preferably used to provide a yield value of from about 50 to about 350 and most preferably from about 75 to about 250.
  • the yield value is an indication of the shear stress at which the gel strength is exceeded and flow is initiated. It is measured herein with a Brookfield RVT model viscometer with a T-bar B spindle at 25°utilizing a Helipath.
  • Other desirable ingredients typically used in the compositions herein include dyes, perfumes and opacifiers.
  • Opacifiers such as Lytron (Morton Thiokol, Inc.), a modified polystyrene latex, or ethylene glycol distearate can be added, preferably as a last step. Lytron can be added directly as a dispersion with mixing. Ethylene glycol distearate can be added in a molten state with rapid mixing to form pearlescent crystals. Opacifiers useful herein, particularly for light duty liquids, are typically present at levels from about 0.2% to about 10% , preferably from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight.
  • soiled dishes are contacted with an effective amount, typically from about 0.5 ml. to about 20 ml. (per 25 dishes being treated), preferably from about lml. to about 10 ml., of the composition of the present invention.
  • an effective amount typically from about 0.5 ml. to about 20 ml. (per 25 dishes being treated), preferably from about lml. to about 10 ml., of the composition of the present invention.
  • the actual amount of liquid detergent composition used will be based on the judgement of user, and will depend upon factors such as the particular product formulation of the composition, the concentration of the composition, the number of soiled dishes to be cleaned, the degree of soiling of the dishes and the process used by the consumer.
  • the process by which the soiled dishes are contacted with the effective amount of the composition of the invention may be essentially any of the processes for manual dishwashing commonly known and encompasses the dilute solution in sink process, commonly used in Northern Europe and the US ; the solution in bowl process, commonly used in Latin America, and the direct application process, commonly used in Southern Europe, Japan, and developing countries.
  • Dilute solution in sink process In the typical dilute solution in sink process from about 3 ml. to 15 ml., preferably from 5 ml. to 10 ml. of a liquid detergent composition is combined with from 1 ,000 ml. to 10,000 ml., more typically from 3,000 ml. to 5,000 ml. of water in a sink having a volumetric capacity in the range of from 5,000 ml. to 20,000 ml., more typically from 10,000 ml. to 15,000 ml.
  • the detergent composition has a surfactant concentration of from about 10 % to about 60 % by weight, preferably from about 45 % to about 50 % by weight.
  • the soiled dishes are immersed in the sink containing the detergent composition and water, where they are cleaned by contacting the soiled surface of the dish with a cloth, sponge or similar article.
  • the cloth, sponge or similar article may be immersed in the detergent composition and water mixture prior to being contacted with the dish surface and is typically contacted with the dish surface for a period of time ranging from about 1 to about 10 seconds, although the actual time will vary with each application and user.
  • the contacting of the cloth, sponge or similar article to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by a concurrent scrubbing of the dish surface.
  • a detergent composition In a typical solution in bowl process from 1 ml. to 50 ml., preferably from 2 ml. to 10 ml. of a detergent composition is combined with from 50 ml. to 2,000 ml., more typically from 100 ml. to 1,000 ml. of water in a bowl having a volumetric capacity in the range of from 500 ml. to 5,000 ml., more typically from 500 ml. to 2,000 ml.
  • the detergent composition has a surfactant concentration of from about 10 % to about 60 % by weight, preferably from about 15 % to about 50 % by weight.
  • the soiled dishes are cleaned by contacting the soiled surface of the dish with a cloth, sponge or similar article.
  • the cloth, sponge or similar article may be immersed in the detergent composition and water mixture prior to being contacted with the dish surface and is typically contacted with the dish surface for a period of time ranging from about 1 to about 10 seconds, although the actual time will vary with each application and user.
  • the contacting of the cloth, sponge or similar article to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by a concurrent scrubbing of the dish surface.
  • the direct application process will typically comprise as a first step immersing the soiled dishes into a water bath without any liquid dishwashing detergent or holding the dishes under running water.
  • a device for absorbing liquid dishwashing detergent such as a sponge, is then placed directly into a separate quantity of undiluted liquid or gel detergent composition for a period of time typically ranging from about 1 to about 5 seconds.
  • the dishwashing detergent is dosed directly onto the absorbing devicefor about 0.1 to 0.5 seconds.
  • the absorbing device, and consequently the undiluted detergent composition is then contacted individually to the surface of each of the soiled dishes to remove said soiling.
  • the absorbing device is typically contacted with each dish surface for a period of time range from 1 to 10 seconds, although the actual time of application will be dependent upon factors such as the degree of soiling of the dish.
  • the contacting of the absorbing device to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by concurrent scrubbing.
  • the cylinder test probes the dissolution of the composition under low product concentration and high agitation, thereby simulating the full sink dishwashing habit.
  • the beaker test probes the dissolution of the product under high product concentration and low agitation, thereby simulating the concentated mini solution dishwashing habit.
  • liquid dishwashing detergent compositions were prepared by combining the listed ingredients in the amounts specified.

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un composé liquide ou sous forme de gel utilisé pour laver la vaisselle à la main et qui comprend un agent tensioactif formé d'une longue chaîne d'amide d'acide gras polyhydroxylé et/ou d'alkylpolysaccharide et/ou de mono- et/ou di-alkanolamide gras, un oxyde d'amine, une longue chaîne d'agent tensioactif anionique et une chaîne courte d'ions d'agent tensioactif et de magnésium produisant une dissolution améliorée.
PCT/US1996/008669 1995-06-21 1996-06-04 Composes pour le lavage de la vaisselle a la main WO1997000930A1 (fr)

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WO2012138423A1 (fr) 2011-02-17 2012-10-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions comprenant des mélanges de sulfonates d'alkylphényle c10-c13
WO2012112828A1 (fr) 2011-02-17 2012-08-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Sulfonates d'alkylphényle linéaires d'origine biologique
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US11518958B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2022-12-06 Tire Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning composition
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