WO1996024121A1 - Simulateur d'incendie et moyen de le transporter - Google Patents

Simulateur d'incendie et moyen de le transporter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996024121A1
WO1996024121A1 PCT/FI1996/000046 FI9600046W WO9624121A1 WO 1996024121 A1 WO1996024121 A1 WO 1996024121A1 FI 9600046 W FI9600046 W FI 9600046W WO 9624121 A1 WO9624121 A1 WO 9624121A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
movable section
fire
movable
fitted
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1996/000046
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Esa Karvonen
Original Assignee
Simultron Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Simultron Oy filed Critical Simultron Oy
Priority to EP96901000A priority Critical patent/EP0807298A1/fr
Priority to AU44888/96A priority patent/AU4488896A/en
Publication of WO1996024121A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996024121A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0081—Training methods or equipment for fire-fighting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire simulator which can be transported on a transport vehicle, such as a truck trailer, and which comprises an oblong room fire simulator container preferably square or rectangular in the cross- section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
  • the invention also relates to a method for transporting said fire simulator.
  • fire simulators In the training of firefighters, fire simulators are used in which the conditions in closed training chambers are arranged so as to simulate at least to some extent a fire situation.
  • Fire simulators are usually built as permanent structures at a fire station or a training center. The use of such a track is, of course, limited.
  • Finnish Patent FI 89638 proposes the use of a transportable fire simulator which includes a room fire simulator container and a smoke- diving cage track which can be fitted inside the room fire simulator container for the duration of transport. In such a case, less transport equipment is required for its transportation than if the container and the cage track were transported separately.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved fire simulator, from which the disadvantages mentioned above have been eliminated.
  • An object is in particular to provide an adjustable multiple-function simulator in which the spaces can be used in a more versatile way than previously.
  • a part of the room fire simulator container comprising, for example, a monitoring/operational chamber and a vestibule, can be divided perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis into at least two sections, preferably of equal size:
  • the sections of the room fire simulator are formed from a frame, e.g. beams, and of wall structures connected to the frame.
  • the non-movable section and the telescoping section are preferably open at least at one end so that in their extended position these container sections form a con ⁇ tinuous open space.
  • the movable, or telescoping, section is preferably divided by a partition wall into two parts, of which the outer part, facing away from the non-movable section, comprises, for example, a vestibule and a side passage.
  • the chamber facing the non-movable section preferably adjoins the room space of the non-movable section and can thus be used as a monitoring or operational chamber.
  • a door is fitted in the partition wall and also at least in the outer wall of the vestibule, and possibly also in the outer wall of the monitoring chamber.
  • the chambers can be equipped with a necessary number of windows and ceiling hatches, combustion gas hatches and/or service hatches.
  • the telescoping section i.e. the vestibule and the side passage
  • some further training unit such as a smoke-diving cage track
  • the training unit to be added can be provided with supporting legs by means of which it can be supported separately when it is desired to draw the telescoping unit of the room fire simulator into the extended position for the duration of training.
  • the movable section i.e. the telescoping unit, is moved into the interior of the non-movable unit and out of it by using, for example, a chain pulley block or the like.
  • the movable section is coupled using a tensile joint to a chain or cable which mediates the transfer movement.
  • the section is equipped with bearing wheels. The wheels run on the floor of the non-movable section and on a base outside the container, such as the frame of the transport vehicle.
  • the length of the movable section is preferably somewhat less than that of the non-movable section. If, for example, the length of the non-movable section is 3300 mm, the length of the movable section could be 3200 mm.
  • the floor surface is sealed with, for example, a rubber sheet, which is attached to the lower part of the movable section by using, for example, a snap strip.
  • the rubber sheet will seal the gap between the floor of the movable section and the floor or frame of the non-movable unit.
  • any gaps left between the walls and roofs of the extended movable section and the non-movable section may also be sealed using specific sealing means, such as sealing shoulders or flanges, for example a 4 x 40 mm flat steel bar, fitted in the opening between the sections.
  • the sealing shoulder can be attached to the movable section and/or to the non-movable section.
  • a fire chamber with a separately adjustable height connected to the non-movable section of the room fire simulator container, at that end which faces away from the movable section.
  • the cross-section of the fire chamber preferably has the shape and size of the cross-section of the non-movable section.
  • the height of the fire chamber can be adjusted so that during some training stages, for example during the observation of the behavior of smoke gases, the roof of the fire chamber is at a level higher than the roof of the non-movable section.
  • the necessary height difference between the units is determined according to the character and objectives of the training.
  • the height difference may be, for example, 0-400 mm.
  • the adjustable, i.e. raisable and lowerable, fire chamber is lowered to its lowest position, in which its height will not hamper transportation in, for example, low underpasses, and the transport can take place as so-called normal transport instead of special transport.
  • the fire chamber is locked to the frame of the trailer by means of, for example, container locking devices.
  • the fire chamber has been constructed so that its roof and floor are at levels higher than those of the roof and floor of the monitoring/operational chamber.
  • the use of the fire chamber is limited, for example, owing to the threshold formed on the floor.
  • the threshold constitutes a hazard, especially in dark conditions simulating a fire.
  • the adjustable height of the fire chamber according to the invention makes more versatile training possible by means of the fire simulator than do previous systems. For example, primarily the theory and monitoring of the development of a fire, as well as the so-called flash phenomenon and fire control, are taught with the fire chamber in its upper position. The threshold, which has previously caused problems, can be eliminated by moving the fire chamber into the lower position. Thus, for example, a larger operational chamber is obtained, which can be exploited in many stages of the training. For example, with the fire chamber in the lower position it is possible to teach so-called aggressive firefighting, to use the fire chamber as an attack container, and to practice firefighting in a versatile manner.
  • the height difference between the different units can be adjusted by using, for example, screw jacks which are synchronized so that the raising/lowering movement is smooth and unidirectional.
  • the screw jack may be manually or, for example, motor operated.
  • a screw jack it is possible to use, for example, a hydraulic jack or some other suitable jack.
  • a screw jack can be placed in each corner, or the fire chamber can be raised by means of, for example, only two screw jacks.
  • the raisable unit may, when necessary, be guided by using bearing rollers or bearings (e.g.
  • the joint between it and the non-movable unit can be supported, for example, against the frame of the non-movable unit, by using cotter joints or screw clamps.
  • a cotter joint is tightened by striking the cotter downwards until sufficient tightness has been achieved.
  • a cotter joint can be installed either on the outside or on the inside of the units.
  • a step i.e. a gap of the extent of the height difference, is formed between its floor and the floor of the non-movable unit.
  • This gap can be closed by using, for example, closing covers.
  • a gap is formed be- tween the roof levels of the raised unit and the non- movable unit, and this gap can respectively be closed using a closing cover or plate.
  • the closing covers or plates can be protected from excessive heat by using fire-retardant screens .
  • a vertical, narrow observation nozzle or valve which has substantially the height of the wall/intermediate wall and can be opened, for the observation of overpressure and underpressure and the zero boundary in the fire chamber.
  • overpressure and underpressure In a normal fire situation, in the upper part of a room space there usually forms overpressure from which smoke is discharged, and in the lower part of the room space underpressure which sucks in air or oxygen.
  • the boundary between the overpressure and the underpressure can easily be detected by observing the smoke flowing from a narrow vertical gap.
  • the closable, narrow observation hatch or lock according to the invention enables the pressure situation in the fire chamber to be observed from the outside or from the vestibule.
  • Figure 1 depicts diagrammatically a side elevation of a room fire simulator container according to one embodiment of the invention, in its extended position, fitted on top of a transport trailer;
  • Figure 2 depicts the container according to Figure 1 in the indrawn position, fitted on top of a transport trailer, with a smoke diving cage track fitted additionally thereto;
  • Figure 3 depicts an enlargement of the lower part of the container according to Figure 2, in its indrawn position, as a rear view as seen from the position of the back wheels;
  • Figure 4 depicts the container according to Figure 3, as seen from the position of the front wheels;
  • Figure 5 depicts a side-elevation enlargement of the transfer mechanism and of the back wheel of the movable section according to Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 6 depicts diagrammatically, partly as a cutaway, one front wheel and a lower corner of the movable section according to another embodiment, in the extended position, as seen from the non-movable section;
  • Figure 7 depicts a section through AA of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 depicts diagrammatically the partition wall between the monitoring chamber and the vestibule according to one alternative according to the invention, the partition wall having a pressure observation lock;
  • Figure 9 depicts an enlargement of a horizontal section of the observation lock of Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 depicts diagrammatically a fire chamber accord ⁇ ing to one embodiment of the
  • Figure 10a depicts an enlargement of a cross-section through AA of Figure 10
  • Figure 10b depicts an enlargement of a cross-section through BB of Figure 10
  • Figure 11 depicts diagrammatically the fire chamber ac ⁇ cording to another embodiment of the invention, its raising means and part of the non-movable unit connected to it, as seen lengthwise from the side;
  • Figure 11a depicts an enlargement of a cross-section through AA of Figure 11;
  • Figure lib depicts an enlargement of a cross-section through BB of Figure 11
  • Figure 12 depicts diagrammatically part of the boundary area between the fire chamber and the non- movable section in a longitudinal cross- section.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fire simulator 10 fitted on a trailer 12.
  • the fire simulator 10 comprises a fire chamber 14, which can be adjusted in the vertical direction, i.e. be raised and lowered; a non-movable monitoring/operational chamber 16, one end 17 of which is at least partly open; and a horizontally movable telescoping section 18, one end 17' of which is at least partly open.
  • the fire chamber 14 has been raised to its upper position by means of raising means 20, which comprise two screw jacks 22 mounted on an axle 19.
  • raising means 20 which comprise two screw jacks 22 mounted on an axle 19.
  • the non-movable section 16 rests on the deck 25 of the trailer frame 24.
  • a door 26 In the non-movable section there is fitted a door 26, a window 28, and a smoke hatch 30.
  • the telescoping section 18 is in the extended position, its back wheel 32 resting on the frame 24 of the trailer.
  • the telescoping section is divided by a partition wall 34 into a monitoring/operational chamber 36 and a vestibule 36.
  • the vestibule has a door 38.
  • the room fire simulator is ready for operation in the situation depicted in Figure 1; it can be used, for example, for teaching and monitoring the theory of fire development and for training in fire control.
  • Figure 2 in which, as in the subsequent figures, the same reference numerals have been used, where applicable, as in Figure 1, shows the room fire simulator in the transport mode, in which the telescoping section 18 has been fitted into the indrawn position inside the non-movable section 16.
  • the fire chamber 14 has been lowered to the lower position.
  • the floor 42 of the telescoping section 18, its back wall 44 which is open or has an opening, and its end wall 45 and roof 46 are depicted using dashed lines in the figure.
  • the floor 48 and the roof 50 of the surrounding, non-movable section, as also the open interface 52 between it and the fire chamber 14, are depicted using solid lines.
  • Figure 3 shows, enlarged, a rear view, as seen from the position of the back wheels 32 of the movable section 18, i.e. from the open end 17 of the non-movable section, of the lower part of the container in the indrawn position ac ⁇ cording to Figure 2.
  • the telescoping section 18 which is made up of a floor 42 and walls 54 and 56, is fitted inside the non-movable section 16, which is made up of a floor 48 and walls 58 and 60.
  • the cross-section of the telescoping section 18 is somewhat smaller than the cross-section of the non-movable section.
  • the back wheels 32 and 32' of the telescoping section 18 are fitted to run on the deck 25 of the trailer frame 24.
  • the telescoping section is guided by guide rollers 62 and 63, which are fitted in conjunction with the back wheel 32.
  • One of the rollers is connected to the tensile joint 64 of the transfer mechanism 72, the joint being moved by a block pulley 66 by mediation of a steel rope or a chain.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-section, at the position of front wheels 68 of the telescoping section, of the combination of the non-movable section 16 and the telescoping section 18.
  • the front wheels run in grooves 70 in the floor 48 of the non-movable section.
  • Figure 5 shows diagrammatically an enlargement of the transfer mechanism 72 of the telescoping section, the mechanism comprising a chain support structure 74, a chain pulley block 66, an idler wheel 76, and a chain 77.
  • the chain is connected by a tensile joint 64 to a support 78 supporting the back wheel 32 in the back wall 45.
  • a side guide roller 62 moving along the trailer frame deck 25 guides the telescoping section 18 during its movement.
  • the sealing shoulder may be formed, for example, from 4 x 400 mm flat steel bar.
  • a rubber sheet 86 which forms a seal between the floors 42 and 48 of the telescoping unit and the non-movable unit. Furthermore, a silicon rubber tube sealing 88 has been fitted on the cold side in the joint between the telescoping unit and the non- movable unit.
  • Figure 8 shows an overpressure and underpressure and zero boundary observation lock 90, fitted in the frame structure 89 in the partition wall 34 between the monitoring chamber and the vestibule; the lock can be opened for the duration of inspection and be easily closed after inspection.
  • the opening and re-closing of a large door to a burning space is difficult. In a narrow vertical gap, corresponding pressures are not generated and the lock can be closed easily.
  • Figure 9 depicts an enlargement of a cross-section of the observation lock in an almost closed position. The open position is shown by dotted lines. Handles 92 provide extra moment for the opening and closing of the lock.
  • FIG 10 depicts the fire chamber 14, its raising means
  • the fire chamber has been raised by height h in relation to the non-movable unit.
  • bearing rollers 92 attached to fastening means 94 fitted in the frame 93 of the non-movable unit, have been fitted to the frame 91 to guide it in the joint between the fire chamber 14 and the non-movable unit 16.
  • the joint between the units can be tightened by means of turnbuckle screws 96, which are in this case on the inside of the units, but they could be on the outside.
  • the turnbuckle screws may be fixed or movable in, for example, the vertical direction.
  • Figures 11, 11a and lib show a joint, corresponding to Figures 10, 10a and 10b, which can, however, be tightened by a cotter joint 96, in which the wedge 97 of a cotter 98 is struck downwards until sufficient tightness is achieved.
  • Figure 12 shows an enlargement of the joint of the previous figures in such a way that it shows the sealing of the steps between the fire chamber 14 and the non-movable unit 16, i.e. the gap 100 between the floor levels and the gap 102 between the roof levels.
  • the gap between the floor levels is sealed by means of a closing cover 104 of the floor level and the gap between the roof levels by means of a closing cover 106 of the floor level.
  • a combustion gas screen 108 has been fitted in the fire chamber to protect the closing cover 106 of the roof level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention décrit un simulateur d'incendie pouvant être transporté sur un véhicule de transport tel qu'une remorque de camion. Le simulateur d'incendie comprend un conteneur (16, 18) constituant un espace clos de simulation d'incendie comprenant une chambre de contrôle/fonctionnement et un vestibule. Ce conteneur peut être divisé perpendiculairement à son axe longitudinal en au moins deux sections, de préférence égales, à savoir une première section (16) fixe et une deuxième section (18) mobile ou télescopique. La section mobile est, en coupe, plus petite que la première section fixe (16), ce qui permet de l'insérer dans cette dernière.
PCT/FI1996/000046 1995-01-31 1996-01-23 Simulateur d'incendie et moyen de le transporter WO1996024121A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96901000A EP0807298A1 (fr) 1995-01-31 1996-01-23 Simulateur d'incendie et moyen de le transporter
AU44888/96A AU4488896A (en) 1995-01-31 1996-01-23 Fire simulator and a method for transport thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI950413 1995-01-31
FI950413A FI106991B (fi) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Palosimulaattori ja menetelmä sen kuljettamiseksi

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996024121A1 true WO1996024121A1 (fr) 1996-08-08

Family

ID=8542635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1996/000046 WO1996024121A1 (fr) 1995-01-31 1996-01-23 Simulateur d'incendie et moyen de le transporter

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0807298A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4488896A (fr)
FI (1) FI106991B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996024121A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002083246A3 (fr) * 2001-04-11 2002-12-27 Amec Fire Training Systems Gmb Installation d'exercice de lutte contre l'incendie
GB2339955B (en) * 1998-07-10 2003-06-18 Ewen Macrae Duncan Apparatus for use in fire simulation
EP1324292A2 (fr) * 2001-12-24 2003-07-02 Rolf Käufer Simulateur, en particulier pour la simulation d'incendies et de fumées
FR2877125A1 (fr) * 2004-10-27 2006-04-28 Sambuling Soc Par Actions Simp Installation d'entrainement a la lutte contre les incendies
FR2941321A1 (fr) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-23 Laurent Vandevoir Simulateur de controle des effets thermiques
ES2356535A1 (es) * 2008-11-26 2011-04-11 Rafael Gonzalez Rodriguez Contenedor simulador de explosiones.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0146465A2 (fr) * 1983-12-14 1985-06-26 Thierry Deshoux Ensemble mobile destiné à l'entraînement de personnel en vue de sa spécialisation dans la lutte contre le feu
US4526548A (en) * 1984-11-01 1985-07-02 Tifa Limited Mobile firefighter training equipment
WO1992005531A1 (fr) * 1990-09-21 1992-04-02 Temartec Ky Simulateur d'incendie

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0146465A2 (fr) * 1983-12-14 1985-06-26 Thierry Deshoux Ensemble mobile destiné à l'entraînement de personnel en vue de sa spécialisation dans la lutte contre le feu
US4526548A (en) * 1984-11-01 1985-07-02 Tifa Limited Mobile firefighter training equipment
WO1992005531A1 (fr) * 1990-09-21 1992-04-02 Temartec Ky Simulateur d'incendie

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2339955B (en) * 1998-07-10 2003-06-18 Ewen Macrae Duncan Apparatus for use in fire simulation
WO2002083246A3 (fr) * 2001-04-11 2002-12-27 Amec Fire Training Systems Gmb Installation d'exercice de lutte contre l'incendie
EP1324292A2 (fr) * 2001-12-24 2003-07-02 Rolf Käufer Simulateur, en particulier pour la simulation d'incendies et de fumées
EP1324292A3 (fr) * 2001-12-24 2004-11-10 Rolf Käufer Simulateur, en particulier pour la simulation d'incendies et de fumées
FR2877125A1 (fr) * 2004-10-27 2006-04-28 Sambuling Soc Par Actions Simp Installation d'entrainement a la lutte contre les incendies
ES2356535A1 (es) * 2008-11-26 2011-04-11 Rafael Gonzalez Rodriguez Contenedor simulador de explosiones.
FR2941321A1 (fr) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-23 Laurent Vandevoir Simulateur de controle des effets thermiques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI106991B (fi) 2001-05-15
EP0807298A1 (fr) 1997-11-19
AU4488896A (en) 1996-08-21
FI950413A (fi) 1996-08-01
FI950413A0 (fi) 1995-01-31

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