WO1996016313A1 - Motor vehicle wheel geometry test stand - Google Patents

Motor vehicle wheel geometry test stand Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996016313A1
WO1996016313A1 PCT/IB1995/001047 IB9501047W WO9616313A1 WO 1996016313 A1 WO1996016313 A1 WO 1996016313A1 IB 9501047 W IB9501047 W IB 9501047W WO 9616313 A1 WO9616313 A1 WO 9616313A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
box
devices
bench according
support
wheels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB1995/001047
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles Scherrer
Original Assignee
Gilles Scherrer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gilles Scherrer filed Critical Gilles Scherrer
Priority to AU38541/95A priority Critical patent/AU3854195A/en
Publication of WO1996016313A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996016313A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
    • E04H5/06—Pits or building structures for inspection or services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B5/255—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing wheel alignment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a test bench for the geometry of the wheels of a motor vehicle provided with two front steering wheels and at least two rear wheels, comprising: a horizontal drive surface, a rigid support structure, resting on a foundation and arranged to support devices and the vehicle resting on the drive surface, at least four support devices mounted on the support structure and arranged to each support a wheel of the stopped vehicle in a measurement position of the vehicle, the support devices arranged for supporting the steering wheels each having a roller unit which is capable of pivoting about a vertical axis when the corresponding wheel turns, and measuring devices mounted on the support structure and comprising at least four measuring devices measurement taken, each arranged in correspondence of an outer side of one of the vehicle wheels and provided with a palp movable ors arranged to be applied against said flanks of the wheels in the measuring position.
  • the invention applies particularly, but not exclusively, to factory test benches.
  • a bench is provided at the end of a production or assembly line for motor vehicles, to control a certain number of parameters of the geometry of the wheels, to automatically edit a control sheet and signal deviations out of tolerance so that non-compliant vehicles are taken off the line.
  • At least one other bench of the same kind is provided offline to perform a more complete check and the necessary corrections and adjustments on vehicles found to be non-compliant on the first bench.
  • control bench comprises a reinforced concrete tank which is poured on site and serves as a foundation and enclosure for a metallic support structure carrying the apparatuses, a drive platform and the vehicle placed on this platform.
  • This structure must have a very high rigidity to allow the required measurement precision, which can be of the order of a hundredth of a millimeter in some cases.
  • measures must be taken to prevent vibrations from nearby activities in the factory from being transmitted to measuring devices and vehicles. Consequently, the metal structure is very heavy and bulky, the concrete tank is large and expensive, and the construction of such a bench requires several months and can immobilize during this time the activity of an entire part of the factory.
  • the invention relates to a control bench of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that the support structure comprises a self-supporting prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete box, open upwards and comprising a bottom arranged to rest on the foundation, side and front walls which define a pit with the bottom, and bearing surfaces for the supporting devices and the measuring devices, and in that the measuring devices each have a head movable transversely to the bench and a system for measuring the displacement of each of the heads.
  • Such a prefabricated self-supporting box alone fulfills most of the functions of the metal support structure and of the concrete tank of the test benches according to the prior art.
  • the work of "een. ** ⁇ v ⁇ . on site are limited to the maximum, since it suffices to r - ririr: * . '. "- e xcavation just sufficient to receive the preî ⁇ box * r, - *," *. * "* Raze a layer of foundation at the bottom of the excavation. horir r.ta.e, adapted to the nature of the basement, then to place on this couc he prefabricated brick box, which can be brought simply by means of one or two simple gantry cranes.
  • This installation method also allows the horizontality and the level of the box to be adjusted. We can then directly backfill the balance of the excavation around the box and mount the devices on it, without using a complex and heavy metal structure.
  • the support structure thus obtained has very little thermal expansion and can easily be isolated from the sources of surrounding vibrations, which favors the precision and reliability of the measurements.
  • the box is provided with anchors for suspension members for handling and transport.
  • the support structure may include one or more additional concrete elements, which are prefabricated separately from the box and assembled thereon in a monolithic manner.
  • Said additional elements may comprise at least one pair of side brackets each provided with a bearing surface for one of the measuring devices.
  • An additional element may be a headlight adjustment table, disposed above a front end of the pit to form a part of said drive surface and provided with transverse grooves for support rails of a measuring device.
  • the box has at least one access opening made in one of its lateral or front walls.
  • the bottom of the box is provided with level adjusting members capable of bearing on the foundation.
  • Each of said level adjusting members may include an internally threaded sleeve embedded in the concrete at the bottom, and an adjustable foot by screwing into the sleeve.
  • a bed of sand or mortar is placed between the foundation and the bottom of the box.
  • a polymer seal preventing the transmission of vibrations can be placed around the support structure at the drive surface.
  • the rear wheel support devices may simply comprise, at the level of the drive-over surface, plates with lateral clearance which are mounted on rollers or balls .
  • the Rear wheel support devices each include a roller unit which is adjustable in longitudinal position and capable of pivoting about a vertical axis.
  • the measuring devices comprise at least three body height measuring devices (ground clearance), which are mounted on the side walls of the box.
  • an exhaust gas suction block forming part of the drive-over surface, is mounted on a rear end of the box, outside and in extension thereof, and comprises at least one hatch d suction can be opened and closed.
  • FIG. 1 is a general perspective view of an embodiment of a control bench according to the invention. in which the surrounding land is not represented f a ⁇ m * "". let see the buried parts,
  • FIG. 2 is a partial view in per spec t ive of the prefabricated self-supporting box of the control bench of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the box resting on its foundation
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed view showing a body height measurement device, fixed to the concrete box, and
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view in vertical section of an exhaust gas suction hatch, mounted at the rear of the self-supporting box.
  • the geometry control bench for wheels of a motor vehicle has a rigid support structure of reinforced or prestressed concrete, formed mainly by a self-supporting box 1 open upwards and having a horizontal top surface which defines a drive surface 2 which can be accessed the vehicle to be checked.
  • Box 1 has vertical side walls
  • the support structure also comprises additional elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, here comprising a pair of front side consoles 8, a pair of rear side consoles 9 and a headlight adjustment table 10 covering the front of the pit 5 and forming part of the road surface 2.
  • additional elements are prefabricated separately and, after the installation of the box 1, are mounted and rigidly fixed thereon to form with it a monolithic support structure. In general, this structure is buried up to the level of the drive surface 2, corresponding for example to ground level in a hall for mounting vehicles to be checked.
  • the box 1 has a flat bottom 11 which rests on an appropriate flat foundation, as will be described later. Inside the pit 5, the bottom surface 11 can have a longitudinal and transverse slope in order to ensure the flow of the liquids towards a sump (not shown) in a corner of the pit.
  • the central pit 5 extends longitudinally in the box 1 and has, roughly in the middle of its length, two opposite lateral niches 13 whose role will be explained later.
  • two horizontal grooves
  • ⁇ and 15 are made in the concrete of each side wall 3 to respectively contain electric cables and light bars.
  • the box 1 has two horizontal bearing surfaces for devices, namely a front bearing surface 16 and a rear bearing surface
  • Each rear console 9 also has a horizontal support surface 18 situated lower than the drive surface 2.
  • Each front console 8 (FIG. 1) has a horizontal bearing surface 19 at the level of the drive surface.
  • This drive surface is formed in part by equipment mounted on the bearing surfaces 16 and 17.
  • this equipment comprises, on each side of the pit 5 "a rear platform 20 made of removable boards placed on a light metal frame 21 resting on the support surface 17, a front platform 22 provided with a metal frame resting on the support surface 16, and a liftable hatch 23 forming a bridge between the plates -forms 20 and 22 above the niche 13.
  • This hatch is mounted by hinges on the frame 21.
  • the drive surface 2 also extends on a suction block 24 disposed externally in front of the end of the box 1 and provided with two liftable hatches 25 for the suction of the exhaust gases from the vehicle occupying the control bench.
  • roller support devices 26 for the front wheels and a pair of roller support devices 27 for the rear wheels.
  • Each support device 26 appears in an opening of the front platform 22 and at least one of its two rollers is driven hydraulically so as to be able to rotate the front wheel supported by the device.
  • the rollers are mounted on a pivoting plate 28 resting on a fixed base plate 29 by means of a ring of balls so as to be able to pivot around a vertical axis.
  • the pivoting plate 28 can be locked in the zero position by an appropriate mechanism and, when it is released, benefits from a radial clearance to avoid exerting transverse forces on the wheel.
  • each rear support device 27 is similar to support devices 26, to allow the control of vehicles having steerable or steerable rear wheels. However, it is mounted movably longitudinally on rails 30 placed on the bearing surface 17, in order to be adaptable to different wheelbases of the vehicles to be checked. If the appliance 27 must be moved, we will also move the required number of boards from platform 20.
  • each rear support device 27 and the platform 20 can advantageously be replaced by at least one horizontal plate with lateral movement, forming part of the drive surface 2 and supporting the corresponding wheel during the measurements.
  • the possibility of lateral movement of such a plate in particular thanks to an assembly on rollers or balls, makes it possible to release any transverse forces acting on the wheels, in order to eliminate them during the measurements.
  • measuring devices 32 are arranged each opposite the outer side of one of the wheels of the vehicle when the latter is in the measuring position, that is to say when the wheels rest on the support devices 26 and 27. These devices 32 are of a known type and are therefore not described in detail here. Those which correspond to the front wheels are mounted on the bearing surfaces 19. Those which correspond to the rear wheels are each mounted on a carriage capable of being moved and locked on longitudinal rails 33 mounted on the bearing surface 18, to adapt to different wheelbases of vehicles.
  • Each device 32 comprises a base box 3 ⁇ , a head 35 movable on the box 34 in the transverse direction of the bench to approach and move away from the wheel, a system for measuring the displacement of each of the heads, and a support in star 36 with three or four arms each carrying a roller feeler 37 which is applied against the outer side of the tire of the wheel.
  • the measurement system makes it possible to precisely determine the position of the vehicle's wheels relative to the bench. This also makes it possible to center the vehicle precisely and to easily automate the entire measurement.
  • the support 36 is provided with a disc (not shown) materializing a plane parallel to the wheel and cooperating with sensors whose signals indicate the orientation of this plane in space.
  • Figure 4 shows another device known in such benches. control, namely a body height measuring device 40 which is provided with a head 41 movable vertically by means of a pneumatic cylinder 42 to apply against a predetermined point of the vehicle body in order to measure its level. This level is indicated by means of a linear potentiometer 43 cooperating with the rod of the jack 42.
  • the device 40 is supported by a pivoting and exten ⁇ sible arm 44 mounted on a support 45 which, in the construction according to the invention, can be fixed directly to the corres ⁇ pondant side wall 3 of the concrete box 1.
  • a conventional headlight control device 46 can be installed on the table 10, provided with two transverse grooves 47 in which precision rails 48 can be mounted on which the device 46 circulates.
  • the grooves 47 can be filled with pieces of wood to facilitate the passage of vehicles.
  • two retractable stops 49 are arranged in the front platforms 22 to retain, if necessary, the front wheels of the vehicle taking place on the control bench.
  • the exhaust gas suction block 24 mounted at the rear of the box is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5.
  • This block comprises two suction hatches 25 in the shape of a triangular box, which are mounted on horizontal hinges 50 and tilt together according to arrow A under the effect of pneumatic cylinders 51 to take an open position 25a above the drive surface 2.
  • This position shows the perforated front face 52 of each hatch.
  • the interior of each hatch is connected by a flexible pipe 53 and a valve (not shown) to a gas suction device.
  • the valves make it possible to select the hatch 25 on the side where the vehicle's exhaust pipe is located, so that the gases are sucked in only by this trap there. When the hatches 25 are closed, they are suitable for vehicles.
  • control bench The operation of the control bench described above is analogous to that of a conventional control bench and will therefore not be described in detail here.
  • the vehicle to be checked accesses the drive surface 2 from the rear, passing over the suction block 24, stops in the measurement position with its wheels on the support apparatuses 26 and 27, and leaves after the measurements by passing over the table 10.
  • the set of functions of the control bench is managed by a computerized central unit (not shown) which processes and records the measurements.
  • the operator has control and monitoring elements such as display screens which are arranged partly in the pit 5 and partly in the central unit arranged outside.
  • the stops 49 are lowered, the suction hatches 25 are raised and one of them comes into operation.
  • the operator identifies the vehicle by reading a bar code.
  • the first measurement carried out is the control of the height of the body by the devices 40. This thus controls not only the ground clearance, but also the position in space of a reference plane, of which a deviation in position can indicate a mounting. defective of an element of the vehicle. If this measurement is out of tolerance, the vehicle must be checked more thoroughly and adjusted on another test bench. Then, the heads 35 of the four measuring devices 32 move to apply their feelers 37 against the outer flanks of the four wheels with a predetermined bearing force.
  • An offline control and adjustment bench to allow more in-depth control of vehicles found to be non-compliant on the production control bench, can be arranged essentially like the bench described above, but the operator can make the necessary adjustments to the suspension and steering components of the vehicle from the pit 5. This may be fitted with additional control and display devices, as well as the corresponding wiring, without transformation of the concrete support structure.
  • Figure 3 shows that the self-supporting box 1 rests on a foundation 55 by means of a sand bed 56 and, if necessary, two or more pairs of adjustable feet 57 engaged in threaded sleeves 58 embedded in the bottom 11 of the box. For example, four of these sleeves 58 can be arranged near the corners of the box.
  • the foundation 55 is produced at the bottom of a minimal excavation, the lateral slopes 60 of which have been shown. Its nature is chosen according to the local quality of the subsoil and may vary, depending on the case, between a simple layer of sand or of lean concrete, a concrete slab poured directly on the ground or, exceptionally, a slab slab. However, as the box 1 is self-supporting, the foundation 55 is hardly larger than the bottom 11 of the box and is not subjected to high stresses, therefore it is generally not very thick and quickly constructed.
  • the box 1 can be transported by means of gantry cranes which pass astride the excavation and make it possible to lower the box 1 on the foundation 55, the box being provided with anchors 59 for the means of suspension of the gantries.
  • the level and the horizontality of the box are adjusted by screwing or unscrewing the feet 57 from the interior of the pit 5, then the layer of sand 56 is put in place by blowing and one can immediately backfill at least the lower part of the excavation. If necessary, it is at this stage that the additional precast concrete elements are mounted, such as the brackets 8 and 9, which are supported by inclined metal crutches 61 cooperating with support pieces embedded in the concrete.
  • the rigid connection between the additional elements and the box 1 can be made by known means such as bolting, sealing of studs, etc. . Thanks to prefabrication, as soon as the installation of the concrete support structure is complete, the devices can be mounted there. The necessary wiring may even have been done beforehand.
  • the support structure of the control bench is separated from the surrounding structures, for example from a slab 62 forming the floor of a factory, by means of a polymer joint 63 which prevents the transmission of vibra ⁇ tions, deflection or other movements which may affect the measurements. This also allows a subsequent leveling of the concrete support structure if it has undergone settlement, this operation being carried out by means of adjustable feet 57. Holes can be provided in the bottom 11 to allow wedging injections or consolidation.
  • Another advantage of the monolithic support structure of the test bench according to the invention is that, if the location of the test bench has to change, it is possible to move the support structure to reuse it at the new location, in particular thanks to to the anchoring members 59 provided for suspending the caisson 1. This results not only in saving on materials and civil engineering works, but also a considerable gain in the duration of the works and the downtime of the test bench .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)

Abstract

A motor vehicle wheel geometry test stand fitted with measuring equipment and vehicle carrying equipment, and having a construction which essentially consists of a prefabricated self-supporting structure (1) made of reinforced or prestressed concrete defining an equipment pit (5) accessible to operators. The measurement apparatuses (32) each comprise a head (35) that is movable sideways relative to the stand, and a system for measuring the movement of each head. Additional concrete members (8) may be prefabricated and added to the structure (1). The structure is mounted on a foundation bed (55), preferably by means of adjustable legs (57), and may later be height-adjusted and moved as required.

Description

BANC DE CONTROLE DE LA GEOMETRIE DES ROUES D'UN VEHICULE AUTOMOBILEWHEEL GEOMETRY CONTROL BENCH OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
La présente invention concerne un banc de contrôle de la géométrie des roues d'un véhicule automobile pourvu de deux roues avant directrices et d'au moins deux roues arrière, comportant : une surface carrossable horizontale, une structure de support rigide, reposant sur une fondation et agencée pour supporter des appareils et le véhicule reposant sur la surface carrossable, au moins quatre appareils de support montés sur la structure de support et agencés pour supporter chacun une roue du véhicule arrêté dans une position de mesure du véhicule, les appareils de support agencés pour supporter les roues directrices ayant chacun une unité à rouleaux qui est susceptible de pivoter autour d'un axe vertical lors d'un braquage de la roue correspondante, et des appareils de mesure montés sur la structure de support et comprenant au moins quatre appareils de prise de mesure disposés chacun en correspondance d'un flanc extérieur d'une des roues du véhicule et pourvus de palpeurs mobiles agencés pour être appliqués contre lesdits flancs des roues dans la position de mesure.The present invention relates to a test bench for the geometry of the wheels of a motor vehicle provided with two front steering wheels and at least two rear wheels, comprising: a horizontal drive surface, a rigid support structure, resting on a foundation and arranged to support devices and the vehicle resting on the drive surface, at least four support devices mounted on the support structure and arranged to each support a wheel of the stopped vehicle in a measurement position of the vehicle, the support devices arranged for supporting the steering wheels each having a roller unit which is capable of pivoting about a vertical axis when the corresponding wheel turns, and measuring devices mounted on the support structure and comprising at least four measuring devices measurement taken, each arranged in correspondence of an outer side of one of the vehicle wheels and provided with a palp movable ors arranged to be applied against said flanks of the wheels in the measuring position.
L'invention s'applique particulièrement, mais pas exclusivement, à des bancs de contrôle en usine. En général, un tel banc est prévu à la fin d'une ligne de production ou de montage de véhicules automo¬ biles , pour contrôler un certain nombre de paramètres de la géomé¬ trie des roues , pour éditer automatiquement une fiche de contrôle et signaler des écarts hors tolérances afin que les véhicules non conformes soient sortis de la ligne. Au moins un autre banc du même genre est prévu hors ligne pour effectuer un contrôle plus complet et les corrections et réglages nécessaires sur les véhicules trouvés non conformes sur le premier banc.The invention applies particularly, but not exclusively, to factory test benches. In general, such a bench is provided at the end of a production or assembly line for motor vehicles, to control a certain number of parameters of the geometry of the wheels, to automatically edit a control sheet and signal deviations out of tolerance so that non-compliant vehicles are taken off the line. At least one other bench of the same kind is provided offline to perform a more complete check and the necessary corrections and adjustments on vehicles found to be non-compliant on the first bench.
La construction habituelle d'un tel banc de contrôle comprend une cuve en béton armé qui est coulée sur place et sert de fondation et d' enceinte pour une structure métallique de support portant les appareils , une plate-forme carrossable et le véhicule placé sur cette plate-forme. Cette structure doit avoir une très grande rigidité pour permettre la précision de mesure requise , qui peut être de l'ordre du centième de millimètre dans certains cas . De plus , il s'agit de prendre des dispositions pour empêcher que des vibrations dues aux activités voisines dans l'usine se transmettent aux appareils de mesure et aux véhicules . En conséquence, la structure métallique est très lourde et encombrante , la cuve en béton est grande et coûteuse, et la construction d'un tel banc demande plusieurs mois et peut immobiliser pendant ce temps l'activité de toute une partie de l'usine . Par ailleurs , en cas de transformation de l' usine ou de la ligne de production, il faut généralement changer l'emplacement du banc de contrôle en ligne. Avec la construction classique, cela exige non seulement le démontage et le transfert des appareils et de la struc¬ ture métallique, mais aussi la construction d' une nouvelle cuve en béton et la démolition de l'ancienne.The usual construction of such a control bench comprises a reinforced concrete tank which is poured on site and serves as a foundation and enclosure for a metallic support structure carrying the apparatuses, a drive platform and the vehicle placed on this platform. This structure must have a very high rigidity to allow the required measurement precision, which can be of the order of a hundredth of a millimeter in some cases. In addition, measures must be taken to prevent vibrations from nearby activities in the factory from being transmitted to measuring devices and vehicles. Consequently, the metal structure is very heavy and bulky, the concrete tank is large and expensive, and the construction of such a bench requires several months and can immobilize during this time the activity of an entire part of the factory. In addition, in the event of a factory or production line transformation, it is generally necessary to change the location of the online test bench. With conventional construction, this requires not only the dismantling and transfer of the devices and the metal structure, but also the construction of a new concrete tank and the demolition of the old one.
Il existe toutefois des bancs de contrôle qui peuvent être déplacés relativement facilement . Un tel banc est décrit notamment dans la demande de brevet européen publiée sous le No. EP-A-0 310 520. Ce document décrit un banc de mesure du parallélisme d' un train de roues d' un véhicule automobile , ce banc *•» c rr. *ar.! essentiellement d' une charpente mécano-soudée pri-tar. » t '.* ^ u côté deux ensembles de roulage. Ce banc compcr *»- ^ ».rmr«- ' deux dispositifs de centrage et un système de renvoi par po iie . a réalisation d' un tel banc de mesure nécessite la fabrication et e montage d' un nombre important de pièces. Ceci entraîne un coût relativement important. De plus , l'entretien du banc est long et coûteux . Finalement , le fonctionnement de ce type de banc ne peut être automatisé que difficilement et à un coût élevé.However, there are test benches that can be moved relatively easily. Such a bench is described in particular in the European patent application published under No. EP-A-0 310 520. This document describes a bench for measuring the parallelism of a train of wheels of a motor vehicle, this bench * • »Crr. * ar.! essentially of a pri-tar mechanically welded frame. » T '. * ^ U side two rolling sets. This bench compcr * "- ^" .rmr "- 'two centering devices and a return system by po iie. he realization of such a measurement bench requires the manufacture and assembly of a large number of parts. This involves a relatively large cost. In addition, bench maintenance is long and costly. Finally, the operation of this type of bench can only be automated with difficulty and at high cost.
11 existe également une fosse de contrôle relativement facile à déplacer , décrite dans la publication allemande DE-A- 3 03 163. Cette publication décrit une fosse de mesure ou de travail composée de différents éléments préfabriqués reliés les uns aux autres lors du montage dans une excavation prévue à cet effet . Cette fosse ne peut pas recevoir de banc de contrôle de la géométrie d' un véhicule . La présente invention vise à créer un banc de contrôle permettant d' éviter de manière substantielle les inconvénients précités de la construction classique, notamment grâce à une structure de support simple , rigide et à encombrement réduit, permettant un mode de construction très rapide et moins coûteux .There is also a relatively easy to move inspection pit, described in the German publication DE-A- 3 03 163. This publication describes a measurement or working pit composed of different prefabricated elements connected to each other during mounting in a excavation provided for this purpose. This pit cannot receive a vehicle geometry test bench. The present invention aims to create a control bench making it possible to substantially avoid the aforementioned drawbacks of conventional construction, in particular by virtue of a simple, rigid and space-saving support structure, allowing a very rapid and less costly construction method. .
Dans ce but , l'invention concerne un banc de contrôle du type indiqué en préambule, caractérisé en ce que la structure de support comporte un caisson autoportant préfabriqué en béton armé ou précontraint, ouvert vers le haut et comprenant un fond agencé pour reposer sur la fondation, des parois latérales et frontales qui défi¬ nissent une fosse avec le fond, et des surfaces d' appui pour les appareils de support et les appareils de prise de mesure , et en ce que les appareils de prise de mesure comportent chacun une tête mobile transversalement par rapport au banc et un système de mesure du déplacement de chacune des têtes.To this end, the invention relates to a control bench of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that the support structure comprises a self-supporting prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete box, open upwards and comprising a bottom arranged to rest on the foundation, side and front walls which define a pit with the bottom, and bearing surfaces for the supporting devices and the measuring devices, and in that the measuring devices each have a head movable transversely to the bench and a system for measuring the displacement of each of the heads.
Ainsi, un tel caisson autoportant préfabriqué remplit à lui seul l'essentiel des fonctions de la structure métallique de support et de la cuve en béton des bancs de contrôle selon l'art antérieur . Lors de la construction du banc, les travaux d«* een.** < ιvι. sur place sont limités au maximum, puisqu'il suffit r - r uir: *.'.»- e xcavation juste suffisante pour recevoir le caisson preîβ* r, -*, «* . *«* r raaser au fond de l' excavation une couche de fondatior. horir r.ta.e , adaptée à la nature du sous-sol, puis de poser sur cette couc he le caisson préfa¬ briqué, pouvant être amené simplement au moyen d'un ou deux portiques roulants simples . Ce mode de mise en place permet aussi d'ajuster l'horizontalité et le niveau du caisson. On peut ensuite remblayer directement le solde de l' excavation autour du caisson et monter les appareils sur celui-ci, sans faire usage d'une structure métallique complexe et lourde . La structure de support ainsi obtenue présente très peu de dilatation thermique et peut facilement être isolée des sources de vibrations environnantes, ce qui favorise la précision et la fiabilité des mesures . Dans les cas où l' emplacement du banc de contrôle doit changer, il est possible de ressortir le caisson préfabriqué du sol et de le réutiliser au nouvel emplacement. De préférence, le caisson est pourvu d'ancrages pour des organes de suspension en vue de sa manutention et de son transport .Thus, such a prefabricated self-supporting box alone fulfills most of the functions of the metal support structure and of the concrete tank of the test benches according to the prior art. During the construction of the bench, the work of "een. ** <ιvι. on site are limited to the maximum, since it suffices to r - ririr: * . '. "- e xcavation just sufficient to receive the preîβ box * r, - *," *. * "* Raze a layer of foundation at the bottom of the excavation. horir r.ta.e, adapted to the nature of the basement, then to place on this couc he prefabricated brick box, which can be brought simply by means of one or two simple gantry cranes. This installation method also allows the horizontality and the level of the box to be adjusted. We can then directly backfill the balance of the excavation around the box and mount the devices on it, without using a complex and heavy metal structure. The support structure thus obtained has very little thermal expansion and can easily be isolated from the sources of surrounding vibrations, which favors the precision and reliability of the measurements. In cases where the location of the test bench must change, it is possible to take the prefabricated box out of the ground and reuse it at the new location. Preferably, the box is provided with anchors for suspension members for handling and transport.
Afin de limiter ses dimensions pour le transport, la structure de support peut comporter un ou plusieurs éléments additionnels en béton, qui sont préfabriqués séparément du caisson et assemblés à celui-ci de manière monolithique. Lesdits éléments additionnels peuvent comprendre au moins une paire de consoles latérales pourvues chacune d' une surface d'appui pour l' un des appareils de prise de mesure. Un élément additionnel peut être une table de réglage de phares , disposée au-dessus d'une extrémité avant de la fosse pour former une partie de ladite surface carrossable et pourvue de gorges transversales pour des rails de support d' un appareil de mesure.In order to limit its dimensions for transport, the support structure may include one or more additional concrete elements, which are prefabricated separately from the box and assembled thereon in a monolithic manner. Said additional elements may comprise at least one pair of side brackets each provided with a bearing surface for one of the measuring devices. An additional element may be a headlight adjustment table, disposed above a front end of the pit to form a part of said drive surface and provided with transverse grooves for support rails of a measuring device.
Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse, le caisson comporte au moins une ouverture d'accès ménagée dans l' une de ses parois laté¬ rales ou frontales .In an advantageous embodiment, the box has at least one access opening made in one of its lateral or front walls.
De préférence, le fond du caisson est pourvu d'organes de réglage de niveau susceptibles de prendre appui sur la fondation . Chacun desdits organes de réglage de niveau peut comporter un manchon fileté intérieurement, noyé dans le béton du fond, et un pied réglable par vissage dans le manchon.Preferably, the bottom of the box is provided with level adjusting members capable of bearing on the foundation. Each of said level adjusting members may include an internally threaded sleeve embedded in the concrete at the bottom, and an adjustable foot by screwing into the sleeve.
Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse, un lit de sable ou de mortier est placé entre la fondation et le fond du caisson. Un joint en polymère évitant la transmission de vibrations peut être disposé autour de la structure de support au niveau de la surface carrossable.In an advantageous embodiment, a bed of sand or mortar is placed between the foundation and the bottom of the box. A polymer seal preventing the transmission of vibrations can be placed around the support structure at the drive surface.
Dans les cas où les roues arrière des véhicules à contrôler ne sont pas directrices ou orientables , les appareils de support des roues arrière peuvent comporter simplement, au niveau de la surface carrossable , des plaques à débattement latéral qui sont montées sur des galets ou des billes . Pour contrôler des véhicules ayant des roues arrière directrices ou orientables , on peut prévoir que les appareils de support des roues arrière comportent chacun une unité à rouleaux qui est ajustable en position longitudinale et susceptible de pivoter autour d'un axe vertical.In cases where the rear wheels of the vehicles to be inspected are not steerable or steerable, the rear wheel support devices may simply comprise, at the level of the drive-over surface, plates with lateral clearance which are mounted on rollers or balls . To control vehicles with steerable or steerable rear wheels, provision may be made for the Rear wheel support devices each include a roller unit which is adjustable in longitudinal position and capable of pivoting about a vertical axis.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée , les appareils de mesure comportent au moins trois appareils de mesure de hauteur de caisse (garde au sol) , qui sont montés sur les parois latérales du caisson.In a preferred embodiment, the measuring devices comprise at least three body height measuring devices (ground clearance), which are mounted on the side walls of the box.
De préférence, un bloc d'aspiration de gaz d'échappement, formant une partie de la surface carrossable , est monté sur une extrémité arrière du caisson, à l'extérieur et en prolongement de celui-ci, et comporte au moins une trappe d'aspiration susceptible d'être ouverte et fermée.Preferably, an exhaust gas suction block, forming part of the drive-over surface, is mounted on a rear end of the box, outside and in extension thereof, and comprises at least one hatch d suction can be opened and closed.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention seront présentés dans la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés , dans lesquels :Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be presented in the following description of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 est une vue générale en perspective d' une forme de réali- sation d'un banc de contrôle selon l' invention . dans laquelle le terrain environnant n'est pas représen f aï m *«» .aisser voir les parties enterrées ,FIG. 1 is a general perspective view of an embodiment of a control bench according to the invention. in which the surrounding land is not represented f aï m * "". let see the buried parts,
la figure 2 est une vue partielle en per spec t ive du caisson auto- portant préfabriqué du banc de contrôle de la f igure 1 ,FIG. 2 is a partial view in per spec t ive of the prefabricated self-supporting box of the control bench of FIG. 1,
la figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale du caisson reposant sur sa fondation ,FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the box resting on its foundation,
la figure 4 est une vue de détail montrant un appareil de mesure de hauteur de caisse, fixé au caisson en béton, etFIG. 4 is a detailed view showing a body height measurement device, fixed to the concrete box, and
la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d' une trappe d'aspiration des gaz d'échappement, montée à l'arrière du caisson autoportant.Figure 5 is a schematic view in vertical section of an exhaust gas suction hatch, mounted at the rear of the self-supporting box.
En référence à la figure 1 , le banc de contrôle de la géométrie des roues d'un véhicule automobile a une structure de support rigide en béton armé ou précontraint, formée principalement d' un caisson auto¬ portant 1 ouvert vers le haut et ayant une surface supérieure hori¬ zontale qui définit une surface carrossable 2 à laquelle peut accéder le véhicule à contrôler. Le caisson 1 a des parois verticales latéralesReferring to Figure 1, the geometry control bench for wheels of a motor vehicle has a rigid support structure of reinforced or prestressed concrete, formed mainly by a self-supporting box 1 open upwards and having a horizontal top surface which defines a drive surface 2 which can be accessed the vehicle to be checked. Box 1 has vertical side walls
3 et frontales
Figure imgf000008_0001
qui entourent une fosse centrale 5 à laquelle le personnel peut accéder, par exemple grâce à une ou plusieurs ouvertures 6, 7 ménagées dans les parois du caisson et communiquant avec un escalier extérieur (non représenté) . La structure de support comprend également des éléments additionnels en béton armé ou précontraint, comprenant ici une paire de consoles latérales avant 8, une paire de consoles latérales arrière 9 et une table de réglage de phares 10 recouvrant l'avant de la fosse 5 et formant une partie de la surface carrossable 2. Ces éléments additionnels sont préfabriqués séparément et, après la mise en place du caisson 1 , sont montés et fixés rigidement sur celui-ci pour former avec lui une structure de support monolithique. En général, cette structure est enterrée jusqu'au niveau de la surface carrossable 2 , correspondant par exemple au niveau du sol dans une halle de montage des véhicules à contrôler. Pour supporter cette structure, le caisson 1 a un fond plat 11 qui repose sur une fondation plate appropriée, comme on le décrira plus loin. A l'intérieur de la fosse 5, la surface du fond 11 peut avoir une pente longitudinale et transversale afin d'assurer l' écoulement des liquides en direction d'un puisard (non représenté) dans un angle de la fosse.3 and front
Figure imgf000008_0001
which surround a central pit 5 which staff can access, for example through one or more openings 6, 7 made in the walls of the box and communicating with an external staircase (not shown). The support structure also comprises additional elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, here comprising a pair of front side consoles 8, a pair of rear side consoles 9 and a headlight adjustment table 10 covering the front of the pit 5 and forming part of the road surface 2. These additional elements are prefabricated separately and, after the installation of the box 1, are mounted and rigidly fixed thereon to form with it a monolithic support structure. In general, this structure is buried up to the level of the drive surface 2, corresponding for example to ground level in a hall for mounting vehicles to be checked. To support this structure, the box 1 has a flat bottom 11 which rests on an appropriate flat foundation, as will be described later. Inside the pit 5, the bottom surface 11 can have a longitudinal and transverse slope in order to ensure the flow of the liquids towards a sump (not shown) in a corner of the pit.
Comme le montre la figure 2, la fosse centrale 5 s' étend longitudina- lement dans le caisson 1 et présente, à peu près au milieu de sa longueur , deux niches latérales opposées 13 dont le rôle sera expliqué plus loin. Le long de la fosse 5, deux gorges horizontalesAs shown in FIG. 2, the central pit 5 extends longitudinally in the box 1 and has, roughly in the middle of its length, two opposite lateral niches 13 whose role will be explained later. Along pit 5, two horizontal grooves
\ et 15 sont ménagées dans le béton de chaque paroi latérale 3 pour contenir respectivement des câbles électriques et des rampes d'éclairage. Au-dessus de chaque paroi latérale 3, le caisson 1 présente deux surfaces horizontales d'appui pour des appareils , à savoir une surface d'appui avant 16 et une surface d'appui arrière\ and 15 are made in the concrete of each side wall 3 to respectively contain electric cables and light bars. Above each side wall 3, the box 1 has two horizontal bearing surfaces for devices, namely a front bearing surface 16 and a rear bearing surface
17. Chaque console arrière 9 présente également une surface d'appui horizontale 18 située plus bas que la surface carrossable 2. Chaque console avant 8 (figure 1) présente une surface d'appui horizontale 19 au niveau de la surface carrossable. Cette surface carrossable est formée en partie par des équipements montés sur les surfaces d'appui 16 et 17. Dans l' exemple représenté ici, ces équipements compren- nent , de chaque côté de la fosse 5» une plate-forme arrière 20 faite de planches amovibles posées sur une ossature métallique légère 21 reposant sur la surface d'appui 17 , une plate-forme avant 22 pourvue d'une ossature métallique reposant sur la surface d'appui 16, et une trappe relevable 23 formant un pont entre les plate-formes 20 et 22 au-dessus de la niche 13. Cette trappe est montée par des charnières sur l'ossature 21. A l'arrière, la surface carrossable 2 s'étend éga¬ lement sur un bloc d'aspiration 24 disposé extérieurement devant l' extrémité du caisson 1 et pourvu de deux trappes relevables 25 pour l'aspiration des gaz d'échappement du véhicule occupant le banc de contrôle.17. Each rear console 9 also has a horizontal support surface 18 situated lower than the drive surface 2. Each front console 8 (FIG. 1) has a horizontal bearing surface 19 at the level of the drive surface. This drive surface is formed in part by equipment mounted on the bearing surfaces 16 and 17. In the example shown here, this equipment comprises, on each side of the pit 5 "a rear platform 20 made of removable boards placed on a light metal frame 21 resting on the support surface 17, a front platform 22 provided with a metal frame resting on the support surface 16, and a liftable hatch 23 forming a bridge between the plates -forms 20 and 22 above the niche 13. This hatch is mounted by hinges on the frame 21. At the rear, the drive surface 2 also extends on a suction block 24 disposed externally in front of the end of the box 1 and provided with two liftable hatches 25 for the suction of the exhaust gases from the vehicle occupying the control bench.
Pour supporter les roues du véhicule approximativement au niveau de la surface carrossable 2 pendant les mesures , il est prévu une paire d'appareils de support à rouleaux 26 pour les roues avant et une paire d'appareils de support à rouleaux 27 pour les roues arrière.To support the vehicle wheels approximately at the level of the road surface 2 during the measurements, there is provided a pair of roller support devices 26 for the front wheels and a pair of roller support devices 27 for the rear wheels. .
Chaque appareil de support 26 apparaît dans une ouverture de la plate-forme avant 22 et au moins l'un de ses deux rouleaux est entraîné hydrauliquement pour pouvoir faire tourner la roue avant supportée par l'appareil. De manière connue, les rouleaux sont montés sur une plaque pivotante 28 reposant sur une plaque de base fixe 29 par l'intermédiaire d'une couronne de billes pour pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe vertical. La plaque pivotante 28 peut être bloquée en position zéro par un mécanisme approprié et, lorsqu'elle est libérée , bénéficie d'un jeu radial pour éviter d'exercer des efforts transversaux sur la roue.Each support device 26 appears in an opening of the front platform 22 and at least one of its two rollers is driven hydraulically so as to be able to rotate the front wheel supported by the device. In known manner, the rollers are mounted on a pivoting plate 28 resting on a fixed base plate 29 by means of a ring of balls so as to be able to pivot around a vertical axis. The pivoting plate 28 can be locked in the zero position by an appropriate mechanism and, when it is released, benefits from a radial clearance to avoid exerting transverse forces on the wheel.
Dans le présent exemple , chaque appareil de support arrière 27 est semblable aux appareils de support 26, pour permettre le contrôle de véhicules ayant des roues arrière directrices ou orientables . Toutefois , il est monté de manière mobile longitudinalement sur des rails 30 posés sur la surface d'appui 17 , afin d'être adaptable à différents empattements des véhicules à contrôler. Si l'appareil 27 doit être déplacé, on déplacera également le nombre de planches nécessaires de la plate-forme 20.In the present example, each rear support device 27 is similar to support devices 26, to allow the control of vehicles having steerable or steerable rear wheels. However, it is mounted movably longitudinally on rails 30 placed on the bearing surface 17, in order to be adaptable to different wheelbases of the vehicles to be checked. If the appliance 27 must be moved, we will also move the required number of boards from platform 20.
Dans les cas où les roues arrière des véhicules à contrôler ne sont pas directrices , chaque appareil de support arrière 27 et la plate¬ forme 20 peuvent être remplacés avantageusement par au moins une plaque horizontale à débattement latéral, formant une partie de la surface carrossable 2 et supportant la roue correspondante pendant les mesures . La possibilité de débattement latéral d' une telle plaque, notamment grâce à un montage sur des galets ou des billes , permet de relâcher d'éventuels efforts transversaux agissant sur les roues , afin de les éliminer pendant les mesures.In cases where the rear wheels of the vehicles to be inspected are not steerable, each rear support device 27 and the platform 20 can advantageously be replaced by at least one horizontal plate with lateral movement, forming part of the drive surface 2 and supporting the corresponding wheel during the measurements. The possibility of lateral movement of such a plate, in particular thanks to an assembly on rollers or balls, makes it possible to release any transverse forces acting on the wheels, in order to eliminate them during the measurements.
Quatre appareils de prise de mesure 32 sont disposés chacun en regard du flanc extérieur d' une des roues du véhicule lorsque celui- ci est en position de mesure, c'est-à-dire lorsque les roues reposent sur les appareils de support 26 et 27. Ces appareils 32 sont d' un type connu et ne sont donc pas décrits en détail ici. Ceux qui correspondent aux roues avant sont montés sur les surfaces d'appui 19. Ceux qui correspondent aux roues arrière sont montés chacun sur un chariot susceptible d'être déplacé et bloqué sur des rails longitudinaux 33 montés sur la surface d'appui 18, pour s'adapter à différents empattements des véhicules . Chaque appareil 32 comporte un caisson de base 3< , une tête 35 mobile sur le caisson 34 dans la direction transversale du banc pour se rapprocher et s'éloigner de la roue, un système de mesure du déplacement de chacune des têtes , et un support en étoile 36 à trois ou quatre bras portant chacun un palpeur à rouleau 37 s' appliquant contre le flanc extérieur du pneu de la roue. Le système de mesure permet de déterminer précisément la position des roues du véhicule par rapport au banc. Ceci permet également de centrer le véhicule de façon précise et d'automatiser facilement l'ensemble de la mesure. Le support 36 est pourvu d' un disque (non représenté) matérialisant un plan parallèle à la roue et coopérant avec des capteurs dont les signaux indiquent l'orientation de ce plan dans l'espace.Four measuring devices 32 are arranged each opposite the outer side of one of the wheels of the vehicle when the latter is in the measuring position, that is to say when the wheels rest on the support devices 26 and 27. These devices 32 are of a known type and are therefore not described in detail here. Those which correspond to the front wheels are mounted on the bearing surfaces 19. Those which correspond to the rear wheels are each mounted on a carriage capable of being moved and locked on longitudinal rails 33 mounted on the bearing surface 18, to adapt to different wheelbases of vehicles. Each device 32 comprises a base box 3 <, a head 35 movable on the box 34 in the transverse direction of the bench to approach and move away from the wheel, a system for measuring the displacement of each of the heads, and a support in star 36 with three or four arms each carrying a roller feeler 37 which is applied against the outer side of the tire of the wheel. The measurement system makes it possible to precisely determine the position of the vehicle's wheels relative to the bench. This also makes it possible to center the vehicle precisely and to easily automate the entire measurement. The support 36 is provided with a disc (not shown) materializing a plane parallel to the wheel and cooperating with sensors whose signals indicate the orientation of this plane in space.
La figure 4 représente un autre appareil connu dans de tels bancs de contrôle, à savoir un appareil de mesure de hauteur de caisse 40 qui est pourvu d'une tête 41 mobile verticalement au moyen d'un vérin pneumatique 42 pour s'appliquer contre un point prédéterminé de la caisse du véhicule afin de mesurer son niveau . Ce niveau est indiqué au moyen d' un potentiomètre linéaire 43 coopérant avec la tige du vérin 42. L'appareil 40 est supporté par un bras pivotant et exten¬ sible 44 monté sur un support 45 qui, dans la construction selon l'invention, peut être fixé directement sur la paroi latérale corres¬ pondante 3 du caisson en béton 1. Normalement, il est prévu quatre appareils de mesure de hauteur de caisse 40, deux à l'avant et deux à l'arrière, mais il suffit d'effectuer les mesures avec trois d'entre eux pour déterminer la position dans l'espace d'un plan de référence de la caisse . Ces appareils ne sont pas représentés dans la figure 1 pour des raisons de clarté du dessin.Figure 4 shows another device known in such benches. control, namely a body height measuring device 40 which is provided with a head 41 movable vertically by means of a pneumatic cylinder 42 to apply against a predetermined point of the vehicle body in order to measure its level. This level is indicated by means of a linear potentiometer 43 cooperating with the rod of the jack 42. The device 40 is supported by a pivoting and exten¬ sible arm 44 mounted on a support 45 which, in the construction according to the invention, can be fixed directly to the corres¬ pondant side wall 3 of the concrete box 1. Normally, there are four devices for measuring the height of the body 40, two at the front and two at the rear, but it suffices to perform the measurements with three of them to determine the position in space of a reference plane of the body. These devices are not shown in Figure 1 for reasons of clarity of the drawing.
Selon les besoins , on peut installer un appareil de contrôle de phares 46 de type classique sur la table 10, pourvue de deux gorges trans¬ versales 47 dans lesquelles on peut monter des rails de précision 48 sur lesquels circule l'appareil 46. Si un tel appareil n' est pas prévu, les gorges 47 peuvent être remplies par des pièces de bois pour faci¬ liter le passage des véhicules . On notera aussi que deux butées escamotables 49 sont disposées dans les plate-formes avant 22 pour retenir au besoin les roues avant du véhicule prenant place sur le banc de contrôle.As required, a conventional headlight control device 46 can be installed on the table 10, provided with two transverse grooves 47 in which precision rails 48 can be mounted on which the device 46 circulates. such a device is not provided, the grooves 47 can be filled with pieces of wood to facilitate the passage of vehicles. It will also be noted that two retractable stops 49 are arranged in the front platforms 22 to retain, if necessary, the front wheels of the vehicle taking place on the control bench.
Le bloc d'aspiration de gaz d'échappement 24 monté à l'arrière du caisson est représenté schématiquement à la figure 5. Ce bloc comporte deux trappes d'aspiration 25 en forme de caisson triangu¬ laire , qui sont montées sur des charnières horizontales 50 et basculent ensemble suivant la flèche A sous l' effet de vérins pneuma¬ tiques 51 pour prendre une position ouverte 25a au-dessus de la surface carrossable 2. Cette position fait apparaître la face avant ajourée 52 de chaque trappe. L'intérieur de chaque trappe est raccordé par un tuyau flexible 53 et une vanne (non représentée) à un appareil d'aspiration des gaz . Les vannes permettent de sélec¬ tionner la trappe 25 du côté où se trouve le tuyau d' échappement du véhicule, pour que les gaz soient aspirés uniquement par cette trappe-là. Quand les trappes 25 sont fermées , elles sont carrossables .The exhaust gas suction block 24 mounted at the rear of the box is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5. This block comprises two suction hatches 25 in the shape of a triangular box, which are mounted on horizontal hinges 50 and tilt together according to arrow A under the effect of pneumatic cylinders 51 to take an open position 25a above the drive surface 2. This position shows the perforated front face 52 of each hatch. The interior of each hatch is connected by a flexible pipe 53 and a valve (not shown) to a gas suction device. The valves make it possible to select the hatch 25 on the side where the vehicle's exhaust pipe is located, so that the gases are sucked in only by this trap there. When the hatches 25 are closed, they are suitable for vehicles.
Le fonctionnement du banc de contrôle décrit ci-dessus est analogue à celui d'un banc de contrôle classique et ne sera donc pas décrit en détail ici. Dans le cas d'un banc de contrôle en ligne de production , le véhicule à contrôler accède à la surface carrossable 2 par l'arrière, en passant sur le bloc d'aspiration 24, s'arrête en position de mesure avec ses roues sur les appareils de support 26 et 27, et sort après les mesures en passant sur la table 10. L'ensemble des fonctions du banc de contrôle est géré par une unité centrale infor¬ matisée (non représentée) qui traite et enregistre les mesures . L'opérateur dispose d'organes de commande et d'organes de contrôle tels que des écrans d'affichage qui sont disposés en partie dans la fosse 5 et en partie dans l' unité centrale disposée à l'extérieur.The operation of the control bench described above is analogous to that of a conventional control bench and will therefore not be described in detail here. In the case of a production line control bench, the vehicle to be checked accesses the drive surface 2 from the rear, passing over the suction block 24, stops in the measurement position with its wheels on the support apparatuses 26 and 27, and leaves after the measurements by passing over the table 10. The set of functions of the control bench is managed by a computerized central unit (not shown) which processes and records the measurements. The operator has control and monitoring elements such as display screens which are arranged partly in the pit 5 and partly in the central unit arranged outside.
Dès que le véhicule est en position de mesure, ce fait est constaté par des détecteurs appropriés , les butées 49 s'abaissent, les trappes d'aspiration 25 se lèvent et l'une d'elles entre en fonction. L'opérateur identifie le véhicule par lecture d' un code à barres . La première mesure effectuée est le contrôle de hauteur de caisse par les appareils 40. On contrôle ainsi non seulement la garde au sol, mais aussi la position dans l'espace d' un plan de référence , dont un écart de position peut indiquer un montage défectueux d' un élément du véhicule. Si cette mesure est hors des tolérances , le véhicule devra être contrôlé plus à fond et réglé sur un autre banc de contrôle. Ensuite, les têtes 35 des quatre appareils de prise de mesure 32 se déplacent pour appliquer leurs palpeurs 37 contre les flancs extérieurs des quatre roues avec une force d'appui prédéter- minée . Ceci permet de mesurer de manière connue une série de para¬ mètres de la géométrie des roues et de la direction , notamment en faisant tourner le roues avant directrices au moyen des rouleaux des appareils de support 26 , puis en orientant ces roues dans différentes positions au moyen du volant de direction. Pour le contrôle de production, il est d'usage de contrôler le parallélisme à gauche et à droite , le carrossage , l'angle de chasse , le braquage maximum à gauche et à droite et l'angle de trajectoire. Il est prévu aussi que l'opérateur puisse effectuer un réglage de parallélisme sur chaque roue avant en se plaçant dans la niche correspondante 13 et en soulevant la trappe 23 pour accéder à l'organe à régler. En même temps , il peut suivre l'évolution de la mesure correspondante sur un écran placé dans la niche 13. Le cas échéant, à la fin du contrôle, l'appareil de contrôle des phares 46 peut être amené successivement devant chaque phare , puis escamoté latéralement pour laisser sortir le véhicule.As soon as the vehicle is in the measurement position, this fact is noted by suitable detectors, the stops 49 are lowered, the suction hatches 25 are raised and one of them comes into operation. The operator identifies the vehicle by reading a bar code. The first measurement carried out is the control of the height of the body by the devices 40. This thus controls not only the ground clearance, but also the position in space of a reference plane, of which a deviation in position can indicate a mounting. defective of an element of the vehicle. If this measurement is out of tolerance, the vehicle must be checked more thoroughly and adjusted on another test bench. Then, the heads 35 of the four measuring devices 32 move to apply their feelers 37 against the outer flanks of the four wheels with a predetermined bearing force. This makes it possible to measure, in known manner, a series of parameters of the geometry of the wheels and of the direction, in particular by rotating the front steering wheels by means of the rollers of the support devices 26, then by orienting these wheels in different positions at using the steering wheel. For production control, it is customary to check the parallelism to the left and right, the camber, the caster angle, the maximum turning to the left and right and the trajectory angle. It is also expected that the operator can perform a parallelism adjustment on each front wheel by placing himself in the corresponding recess 13 and lifting the hatch 23 to access the member to be adjusted. At the same time, it can follow the progress of the corresponding measurement on a screen placed in the niche 13. If necessary, at the end of the control, the headlight control device 46 can be brought successively in front of each headlight, then laterally retracted to let the vehicle out.
Un banc de contrôle et de réglage disposé hors ligne, pour permettre un contrôle plus approfondi des véhicules trouvés non conformes sur la banc de contrôle de production, peut être agencé pour l'essentiel comme le banc décrit ci-dessus , mais l'opérateur peut y effectuer les réglages nécessaires sur les organes de suspension et de direction du véhicule à partir de la fosse 5. Celle-ci est susceptible d'être équipée d'organes supplémentaires de contrôle et d'affichage, ainsi que du câblage correspondant, sans transformation de la structure de support en béton.An offline control and adjustment bench, to allow more in-depth control of vehicles found to be non-compliant on the production control bench, can be arranged essentially like the bench described above, but the operator can make the necessary adjustments to the suspension and steering components of the vehicle from the pit 5. This may be fitted with additional control and display devices, as well as the corresponding wiring, without transformation of the concrete support structure.
Comme on l'a exposé plus haut, l' un des avantages essentiels d' un banc de contrôle selon l'invention réside dans la simplicité, la rapi¬ dité et le faible coût de sa construction. La figure 3 montre que le caisson autoportant 1 repose sur une fondation 55 par l'entremise d' un lit de sable 56 et, le cas échéant, de deux ou plusieurs paires de pieds réglables 57 engagés dans des manchons filetés 58 noyés dans le fond 11 du caisson. Par exemple, quatre de ces manchons 58 peuvent être disposés près des angles du caisson.As explained above, one of the essential advantages of a test bench according to the invention lies in the simplicity, the speed and the low cost of its construction. Figure 3 shows that the self-supporting box 1 rests on a foundation 55 by means of a sand bed 56 and, if necessary, two or more pairs of adjustable feet 57 engaged in threaded sleeves 58 embedded in the bottom 11 of the box. For example, four of these sleeves 58 can be arranged near the corners of the box.
La fondation 55 est réalisée au fond d'une excavation minimale dont on a représenté les talus latéraux 60. Sa nature est choisie en fonction de la qualité locale du sous-sol et peut varier, selon les cas , entre une simple couche de sable ou de béton maigre, un radier en béton coulé à même le sol ou exceptionnellement un radier sur pieux . Cependant, comme le caisson 1 est autoportant, la fondation 55 n'est guère plus grande que le fond 11 du caisson et n' est pas soumise à des contraintes élevées , donc elle est généralement peu épaisse et rapidement construite. Etant donné que l'excavation n'est pas très large, le caisson 1 peut être transporté au moyen de portiques roulants qui passent à cheval par-dessus l'excavation et permettent d'abaisser le caisson 1 sur la fondation 55, le caisson étant pourvu d'ancrages 59 pour les moyens de suspension des portiques . On ajuste le niveau et l'horizontalité du caisson par vissage ou dévissage des pieds 57 à partir de l'intérieur de la fosse 5, puis on met en place la couche de sable 56 par soufflage et l'on peut remblayer immédiatement au moins la partie inférieure de l'excavation. Le cas échéant , c'est à ce stade qu'on monte les éléments additionnels en béton préfabriqué, tels que les consoles 8 et 9, qui sont épaulées par des béquilles métalliques inclinées 61 coopérant avec des pièces d'appui noyées dans le béton. La liaison rigide entre les éléments additionnels et le caisson 1 peut se faire par des moyens connus tels que boulonnage, scellement de goujons etc . . Grâce à la préfabri- cation, dès que la mise en place de la structure de support en béton est terminée, on peut y monter les appareils . Le câblage nécessaire peut même avoir été fait au préalable. De préférence, la structure de support du banc de contrôle est séparée des structures environ¬ nantes , par exemple d' une dalle 62 formant le sol d' une usine, au moyen d' un joint en polymère 63 qui évite la transmission de vibra¬ tions , de déflexion ou d'autres mouvements susceptibles de nuire aux mesures . Cela permet également une remise à niveau ultérieure de la structure de support en béton si elle a subi des tassements , cette opération s' effectuant au moyen des pieds réglables 57. Des trous peuvent être ménagés dans le fond 11 pour permettre des injections de calage ou de consolidation.The foundation 55 is produced at the bottom of a minimal excavation, the lateral slopes 60 of which have been shown. Its nature is chosen according to the local quality of the subsoil and may vary, depending on the case, between a simple layer of sand or of lean concrete, a concrete slab poured directly on the ground or, exceptionally, a slab slab. However, as the box 1 is self-supporting, the foundation 55 is hardly larger than the bottom 11 of the box and is not subjected to high stresses, therefore it is generally not very thick and quickly constructed. Since the excavation is not very wide, the box 1 can be transported by means of gantry cranes which pass astride the excavation and make it possible to lower the box 1 on the foundation 55, the box being provided with anchors 59 for the means of suspension of the gantries. The level and the horizontality of the box are adjusted by screwing or unscrewing the feet 57 from the interior of the pit 5, then the layer of sand 56 is put in place by blowing and one can immediately backfill at least the lower part of the excavation. If necessary, it is at this stage that the additional precast concrete elements are mounted, such as the brackets 8 and 9, which are supported by inclined metal crutches 61 cooperating with support pieces embedded in the concrete. The rigid connection between the additional elements and the box 1 can be made by known means such as bolting, sealing of studs, etc. . Thanks to prefabrication, as soon as the installation of the concrete support structure is complete, the devices can be mounted there. The necessary wiring may even have been done beforehand. Preferably, the support structure of the control bench is separated from the surrounding structures, for example from a slab 62 forming the floor of a factory, by means of a polymer joint 63 which prevents the transmission of vibra¬ tions, deflection or other movements which may affect the measurements. This also allows a subsequent leveling of the concrete support structure if it has undergone settlement, this operation being carried out by means of adjustable feet 57. Holes can be provided in the bottom 11 to allow wedging injections or consolidation.
Un autre avantage de la structure de support monolithique du banc de contrôle selon l'invention est que, si l' emplacement du banc de contrôle doit changer, il est possible de déplacer la structure de support pour la réutiliser au nouvel emplacement, en particulier grâce aux organes d'ancrage 59 prévus pour suspendre le caisson 1. Il en résulte non seulement une économie sur les matériaux et les travaux de génie civil, mais aussi un gain considérable sur la durée des travaux et le temps d'indisponibilité du banc de contrôle . Another advantage of the monolithic support structure of the test bench according to the invention is that, if the location of the test bench has to change, it is possible to move the support structure to reuse it at the new location, in particular thanks to to the anchoring members 59 provided for suspending the caisson 1. This results not only in saving on materials and civil engineering works, but also a considerable gain in the duration of the works and the downtime of the test bench .

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Banc de contrôle de la géométrie des roues d'un véhicule automo¬ bile pourvu de deux roues avant directrices et d'au moins deux roues arrière, comportant :1. Bench for checking the geometry of the wheels of a motor vehicle with two front steered wheels and at least two rear wheels, comprising:
\ - une surface carrossable horizontale (2) ,\ - a horizontal road surface (2),
- une structure de support rigide (1 , 8, 9, 10) , reposant sur une fondation et agencée pour supporter des appareils et le véhicule reposant sur la surface carrossable, - au moins quatre appareils de support (26, 27) montés sur la structure de support et agencés pour supporter chacun une roue du véhicule arrêté dans une position de mesure du véhicule, les appa¬ reils de support (26) agencés pour supporter les roues directrices ayant chacun une unité à rouleaux qui est susceptible de pivoter autour d'un axe vertical lors d'un braquage de la roue correspon¬ dante,- a rigid support structure (1, 8, 9, 10), resting on a foundation and arranged to support devices and the vehicle resting on the road surface, - at least four support devices (26, 27) mounted on the support structure and arranged to each support a wheel of the stopped vehicle in a vehicle measurement position, the support devices (26) arranged to support the steering wheels each having a roller unit which is capable of pivoting around a vertical axis during a turning of the corresponding wheel,
- et des appareils de mesure, montés sur la structure de support et comprenant au moins quatre appareils de prise de mesure (32) disposés chacun en correspondance d'un flanc extérieur d' une des roues du véhicule et pourvus de palpeurs mobiles (37) agencés pour être appliqués contre lesdits flancs des roues dans la position de mesure , caractérisé en ce que la structure de support (1, 8, 9, 10) comporte un caisson autoportant (1) préfabriqué en béton armé ou précon- traint, ouvert vers le haut et comprenant un fond (11) agencé pour reposer sur la fondation (55) , des parois latérales et frontales (3, 4) qui définissent une fosse (5) avec le fond, et des surfaces d'appui (16-19) pour les appareils de support et les appareils de prise de mesure, et en ce que les appareils de prise de mesure (32) comportent chacun une tête (35) mobile transversalement par rapport au banc et un système de mesure du déplacement de chacune des têtes .- And measuring devices, mounted on the support structure and comprising at least four measuring devices (32) each arranged in correspondence with an outer side of one of the wheels of the vehicle and provided with movable feelers (37) arranged to be applied against said flanks of the wheels in the measuring position, characterized in that the support structure (1, 8, 9, 10) comprises a self-supporting box (1) prefabricated in reinforced or prestressed concrete, open towards the top and comprising a bottom (11) arranged to rest on the foundation (55), side and front walls (3, 4) which define a pit (5) with the bottom, and bearing surfaces (16-19 ) for the support devices and the measurement devices, and in that the measurement devices (32) each comprise a head (35) movable transversely relative to the bench and a system for measuring the displacement of each of the heads.
2. Banc de contrôle selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le caisson (1) est pourvu d'ancrages (59) pour des organes de suspension en vue de sa manutention et de son transport. 2. Control bench according to claim 1, characterized in that the box (1) is provided with anchors (59) for suspension members for handling and transport.
3. Banc de contrôle selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la structure de support comporte un ou plusieurs éléments additionnels (8, 9» 10) en béton, qui sont préfabriqués séparément du caisson (1) et assemblés à celui-ci de manière monolithique.3. Test bench according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support structure comprises one or more additional elements (8, 9 "10) made of concrete, which are prefabricated separately from the box (1) and assembled therewith. here in a monolithic way.
4. Banc de contrôle selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments additionnels comprennent au moins une paire de consoles latérales (8, 9) pourvues chacune d'une surface d'appui ( 18, 19) pour l'un des appareils de prise de mesure.4. Test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that said additional elements comprise at least one pair of side brackets (8, 9) each provided with a bearing surface (18, 19) for one of the devices of measurement.
5. Banc de contrôle selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément additionnel est une table de réglage de phares ( 10) , disposée au-dessus d' une extrémité avant de la fosse (5) pour former une partie de ladite surface carrossable et pourvue de gorges transver- sales (47) pour des rails de support d'un appareil de mesure (46) .5. Control bench according to claim 3, characterized in that an additional element is a headlight adjustment table (10), disposed above a front end of the pit (5) to form a part of said surface suitable for vehicles and provided with transverse grooves (47) for supporting rails of a measuring device (46).
6. Banc de contrôle selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce que le caisson ( 1 ) comporte au moins une ouverture d'accès (6, 7) ménagée dans l' une de ses parois latérales ou frontales .6. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the box (1) has at least one access opening (6, 7) formed in one of its side or front walls.
7. Banc de contrôle selon l' une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce que le fond (11 ) du caisson est pourvu d'organes de réglage de niveau (57 , 58) susceptibles de prendre appui sur la fondation (55) .7. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom (11) of the box is provided with level adjustment members (57, 58) capable of bearing on the foundation (55).
8. Banc de contrôle selon la revendication 7 , caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits organes de réglage de niveau comporte un manchon (58) fileté intérieurement, noyé dans le béton du fond ( 11) , et un pied (57) réglable par vissage dans le manchon.8. Control bench according to claim 7, characterized in that each of said level adjustment members comprises a sleeve (58) internally threaded, embedded in the concrete of the bottom (11), and a foot (57) adjustable by screwing in the sleeve.
9. Banc de contrôle selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce qu' un lit de sable ou de mortier (56) est placé entre la fondation et le fond du caisson. 9. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bed of sand or mortar (56) is placed between the foundation and the bottom of the box.
10. Banc de contrôle selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce qu'un joint en polymère (63) , évitant la transmis¬ sion de vibrations , est disposé autour de la structure de support au niveau de la surface carrossable (2) .10. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a polymer seal (63), preventing the transmission of vibrations, is arranged around the support structure at the level of the drive surface (2 ).
11 . Banc de contrôle selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce que les appareils de support des roues arrière comportent, au niveau de la surface carrossable (2) , des plaques à débattement latéral qui sont montées sur des galets ou des billes .11. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear wheel support devices comprise, at the level of the drive surface (2), plates with lateral clearance which are mounted on rollers or balls.
12. Banc de contrôle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caracté¬ risé en ce que les appareils de support (27) des roues arrière comportent chacun une unité à rouleaux qui est ajustable en position longitudinale et susceptible de pivoter autour d'un axe vertical.12. Test bench according to one of claims 1 to 10, caracté¬ ized in that the support devices (27) of the rear wheels each comprise a roller unit which is adjustable in longitudinal position and capable of pivoting around. a vertical axis.
13. Banc de contrôle selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les appareils de mesure comportent au moins trois appareils de mesure de hauteur de caisse (40) , qui sont montés sur les parois latérales (3) du caisson.13. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring devices comprise at least three body height measuring devices (40), which are mounted on the side walls (3) of the box.
14. Banc de contrôle selon l' une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un bloc d'aspiration de gaz d'échappement (24) , formant une partie de la surface carrossable, est monté sur une extrémité arrière du caisson (1) , à l'extérieur et en prolongement de celui-ci, et comporte au moins une trappe d'aspiration (25) suscep¬ tible d'être ouverte et fermée. 14. Test bench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an exhaust gas suction block (24), forming part of the drive surface, is mounted on a rear end of the box (1 ), outside and in extension thereof, and comprises at least one suction hatch (25) suscep¬ tible to be open and closed.
PCT/IB1995/001047 1994-11-23 1995-11-22 Motor vehicle wheel geometry test stand WO1996016313A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU38541/95A AU3854195A (en) 1994-11-23 1995-11-22 Motor vehicle wheel geometry test stand

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR94/14410 1994-11-23
FR9414410A FR2727199A1 (en) 1994-11-23 1994-11-23 WHEEL GEOMETRY CONTROL BENCH OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996016313A1 true WO1996016313A1 (en) 1996-05-30

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ID=9469347

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB1995/001047 WO1996016313A1 (en) 1994-11-23 1995-11-22 Motor vehicle wheel geometry test stand

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3854195A (en)
FR (1) FR2727199A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996016313A1 (en)

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CN113414635A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-21 黑马赵防护技术(青岛)有限公司 Load-bearing type ultra-long protection system

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FR2864619B1 (en) * 2003-12-26 2006-03-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A BENCH FOR MEASURING, ADJUSTING AND / OR CONTROLLING A VEHICLE RAIL
CN110159016B (en) * 2019-06-26 2023-12-05 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 Column type inspection pit of prefabricated adjustable rail top elevation

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FR2454496A1 (en) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-14 Backer De Ladriere Edouard De Work pit for cars - having integral plastics cube set in ground with fixed support beams for car wheels
US4352322A (en) * 1981-04-17 1982-10-05 Brauer Roger L Prefabricated vehicle maintenance apparatus
EP0310520A2 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-05 Renault Automation Bank to measure and control parallelism of a set of wheels of an automotive car
US5150515A (en) * 1991-03-12 1992-09-29 Merilab, Inc. Kinetic wheel alignment system and method
DE4303163A1 (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-09-09 Guenther Eitel Inspection and=or working pit for motor vehicles - consists of prefabricated U=shaped concrete parts which are joined to form unit and installed in the ground

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FR2454496A1 (en) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-14 Backer De Ladriere Edouard De Work pit for cars - having integral plastics cube set in ground with fixed support beams for car wheels
US4352322A (en) * 1981-04-17 1982-10-05 Brauer Roger L Prefabricated vehicle maintenance apparatus
EP0310520A2 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-05 Renault Automation Bank to measure and control parallelism of a set of wheels of an automotive car
US5150515A (en) * 1991-03-12 1992-09-29 Merilab, Inc. Kinetic wheel alignment system and method
DE4303163A1 (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-09-09 Guenther Eitel Inspection and=or working pit for motor vehicles - consists of prefabricated U=shaped concrete parts which are joined to form unit and installed in the ground

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113414635A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-21 黑马赵防护技术(青岛)有限公司 Load-bearing type ultra-long protection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3854195A (en) 1996-06-17
FR2727199A1 (en) 1996-05-24

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