Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0095—Solid transparent soaps or detergents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
  • C11D3/323—Amides; Substituted amides urea or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/126—Acylisethionates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/16—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
  • C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2065—Polyhydric alcohols

Definitions

• This invention relates to transparent and translucent pour molded personal cleansing bars. These bars are mild, low smearing and exhibit good lathering characteristics. These bars also have desirable hardness characteristics.
• Transparent personal cleansing bars are well known in the art and are considered desirable by many consumers. Unfortunately, a problem in formulating transparent personal cleansing bars is that, either they can be too harsh, as in the case of bars containing high levels of soap, or they can be undesirably soft.
• U.S. Patent 5,041 ,234 to Instone, et. al, issued Aug. 20, 1991 discloses a transparent bar which contains greater than 40 parts of soap (high soap bar).
• Transparent bars which contain lower levels of soap are also known in the art.
• "Lower soap” transparent bars contain less than 40 parts of soap.
• U.S. Patent 5,002,685 to Chambers and Instone, issued Mar. 26, 1991 discloses a transparent bar made with 25 to 34 % soap, 5 to 15 % monohydric alcohol, 15 to 30 % sugar and/or cyclic polyol, and 15 to 30 % water.
• the Chambers et al. soap mixture however, consists of 18 % to 26 % soluble soaps and 8 to 16 % insoluble soap.
• the Chambers et al. transparent bar is, thus made with mostly soluble soap.
• personal cleansing bars which contain less than 50% insoluble soap (e.g., greater than 50% soluble soap) can be unacceptably soft.
• Chambers however, actually teaches away from the use of high levels of insoluble soaps.
• Chambers et al. reports that bars, Examples 37 and 38, which contain "between 30 and 20 wt % insoluble soaps and 10 wt % or less of soluble soaps had inferior user properties due to their low level of soluble soaps.
• the processing of this Chambers et al. bar also require the use of undesirable volatile monohydric alcohol solvent.
• U.S. Patent 4, 165,293 to Gordon, issued Aug. 21 , 1 979, also discloses personal cleansing bars wherein the soap component comprises less than 50% insoluble soap.
• Gordon discloses a monohydric alcohol free process for making a transparent soap bar made with "mainly ...
• tallow soap typically consists of approximately 51 %, by weight, of soluble soap and can thus be characterized as mainly soluble soap.
• the transparent soap bars disclosed by Gordon preferably comprise a blend of 80-90% tallow soap and 10-20% coconut soap. The soap component within such a transparent bar would contain from 55% to 59% soluble soap.
• U.S. Patent 5,264,144 to Moroney et al. issued Nov. 23, 1993 and U.S. Patent 5,340,492 to Kacher et al., issued Aug. 23, 1 994, disclose personal cleansing bars comprising a fatty acid soap (including both soluble and insoluble soaps), water and synthetic surfactants (i.e., anionic, amphoteric and nonionic).
• a fatty acid soap including both soluble and insoluble soaps
• synthetic surfactants i.e., anionic, amphoteric and nonionic.
• the personal cleansing bars taught by Moroney et al are not transparent, and the personal cleansing bars taught by Kacher et al are not necessarily transparent.
• the transparent bars of the present invention comprise: from 1 8 parts to 35 parts soap, wherein said soap comprises at least 50 % insoluble sodium soap; from 14 parts to 32 parts water; from 5 parts to 37 parts lathering synthetic surfactant; wherein said lathering synthetic surfactant has a critical micelle concentration equilibrium surface tension between 10 and 50 dynes/cm, as measured at 25°C; and from 18 parts to 37 parts of a water soluble organic solvent, wherein the combined level of water and water-soluble organic solvent is at least 40 parts.
• This invention relates to transparent pour molded personal cleansing bars which exhibit desirable hardness characteristics. These transparent bars are mild, low smearing and exhibit good lathering characteristics.
• the transparent bars of the present invention comprise: (A) from 18 parts to 35 parts soap, wherein said soap comprises at least 50 % insoluble sodium soap; (B) from 5 parts to 37 parts lathering synthetic surfactant; wherein said lathering synthetic surfactant has a critical micelle concentration equilibrium surface tension between 10 and 50 dynes/cm, as measured at 25°C; (C) from 14 parts to 32 parts water; and (D) from 1 8 parts to 37 parts of a water soluble organic solvent.
• a bar is considered to be transparent if 14 point type can be read through a 1 /4 inch thickness of the bar.
• a bar is not transparent if 14 point type cannot be read through a 1 /4 inch thickness of the bar. See, Gordon; U.S. Patent 4, 1 65,293; Issued August 21 , 1979, herein incorporated by reference.
• the term "insoluble soap” means a fatty acid sodium soap that is less soluble than sodium myristate.
• the transparent bars of the present invention are preferably prepared without the use of monohydric alcohols. As a result, the transparent bars of this invention are very stable weight wise. Alcohol free bars are also more economical to - prepare. Some volatile monohydric alcohols (e.g., ethanol, propanol, butanol) can be used. However, the preferred bars of this . invention are essentially free of monohydric alcohols. Care must be used when using monohydric alcohol solvents due to their potential explosive nature. The levels, parts, percentages and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Note that the "soap mixtures" are expressed herein as weight percent (wt. %) of the soap.” On the other hand, "parts" are used herein as weight parts of the finished bar. All numerical limits, ranges, ratios, etc., are approximations unless otherwise specified.
• the transparent bars comprise from about 18 parts to about 35 parts, preferably from about 20 parts to about 32 parts, more preferably from about 24 parts to about 32 parts soap. Surprisingly, at soap levels above about 35 parts a transparent bar is not produced, and at soap levels below about 18 parts the bar is unacceptably soft.
• the soap mixture of this invention comprises at least 50% insoluble sodium soap, preferably from 50 % to about 87 % insoluble sodium soap, more preferably from about 53% to about 72% insoluble sodium soap.
• Transparent bars wherein the soap component contains less than 50% insoluble soap can be undesirably soft.
• insoluble soap is defined herein as: A fatty acid sodium soap that is less soluble than sodium myristate.
• insoluble soap refers to monovalent salts of saturated fatty monocarboxylic acids having a carbon chain length of from 16 to 24, preferably from 18 to 24. These monovalent salts would normally be sodium salts, although some cations, such as K, Mg or alkanolammonium ions could be used.
• the preferred insoluble fatty acid soap is selected from the group consisting of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble soaps, particularly, higher fatty acid insoluble soaps, can also be used.
• the remainder of the soap mixture is soluble soap.
• soluble soap refers to the monovalent salts of saturated fatty monocarboxylic acids having a carbon chain length of from 8 to 14 and additionally the monovalent salts of oleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty monocarboxylic acids having a carbon chain length of between 8 and 22.
• sodium myristate as a "soluble" soap.
• the preferred soluble soaps are selected from the group consisting of: myristic, oleic and lauric acid soaps and mixtures thereof.
• the fatty acid soap used in the transparent bars of the present invention can be made using either pure chain fatty acids, mono-, di-, or triglycerides or oils, or by using the proper levels and ratios of common fatty acid and oil mixtures such as coconut, palm oil stearin, tallow, and triple pressed stearic.
• the term "coconut” is defined herein in connection with soap or fatty acid mixtures to refer to materials having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of: 8 % C ⁇ ; 7 % C- ⁇ Q; 48 % C12; 17.5 % C-J4; 9 % C*
• coconut soap thus comprises approximately 1 1 % insoluble soap and 89 % soluble soap.
• babassu is defined herein in connection with soap or fatty acid mixtures to refer to materials having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of: 6 % CQ; 3 % C1 -3; 46 % C12; 20 % C1 ;
• Babassu soap thus comprises approximately 7 % insoluble soap and 93 % soluble soap.
• triple pressed stearic refers to fatty acids having an approximate chain length distribution of 5 % myristic
• Triple pressed stearic soap thus comprises approximately 95 % insoluble soap and 5 % soluble soap.
• hardened tallow is defined herein to refer to fatty materials having an approximate chain length distribution of 3 % myristic (C14), 50 % palmitic (C16) and 45 % stearic (C18), and 2% oleic. Hardened tallow soap thus comprises approximately 95 % insoluble soaps and 5 % soluble soaps.
• Tallow is defined (normalized mid range values from Table 6.34 Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Volume 1 , Wiley Intersciences) as a mixture of soaps having an approximate chain length distribution of: 4 % C14; 29 % C16; 20 % C18; 2 % palmitoleic; 42 % oleic and 3 % linoleic. Tallow soap thus comprises approximately 49 % insoluble soap and 51 % soluble soap.
• the amount of free fatty acid incorporated into the finished bars of the invention typically ranges from 0.5 parts to 3 parts, more typically from 1 to 2 parts. However, no free fatty acid is required.
• the free fatty acid component is preferably introduced into the soap mixtures of the present invention by addition of fatty acid to the soap mixtures after the saponification of the soap mixture has taken place.
• the free fatty acid component can also be introduced as a prepared mixture of soap and free fatty acid, such as an acid-reacting mixture of soap and free fatty acid prepared by under-neutralization in the soap making process.
• the fatty acid soap of the present invention comprises sodium soaps. However, low levels of non-sodium soaps such as potassium, magnesium, and/or triethanolammonium (TEA) soaps are permissible. Such non-sodium soaps, when used, are preferably used at a level of from 0 to 10 parts, preferably from 0 to 5 parts by weight of the bar soap.
• WATER The water level in the bar ranges from about 14 parts to about 32 parts, preferably from about 18 parts to about 27 parts, more preferably from about 22 parts to about 26 parts. The higher levels of water within these preferred ranges are more preferred for processing ease, bar mildness and other advantages.
• the water level within the personal cleansing bars herein is critical to obtain a transparent bar having desirable hardness characteristics.
• the bar may not be transparent.
• the level of water present in the bar exceeds about 32 parts by weight of the bar, the bar can be unacceptably soft.
• the lathering synthetic surfactant level in the bar ranges from about 5 parts to about 37 parts, preferably from about 10 parts to about 28 parts, more preferably from about 12 parts to about 22 parts by weight of the finished bar.
• the synthetic surfactant is necessary for improving bar characteristics. Some of these characteristics include lathering/sudsing properties, bar mildness, rinse feel of the bar, and smear/hardness characteristics.
• the bar composition comprises a lathering synthetic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants; nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
• the lathering surfactant is defined herein as a synthetic surfactant or a mixtures of surfactants that has an equilibrium surface tension of between 10 and 50 dynes/cm, more preferably between 20 and 45 dynes/cm as measured at the CMC (critical micelle concentration), at 25°C. Some surfactant mixtures have surface tensions lower than some of its components. Thereby both low and high lathering and high and low water-soluble surfactants can be used in the bar compositions of the present invention. Suds boosting synthetic detergent surfactants and/or synthetic detergent surfactants that are known as good dispersants for soap curds that are formed in hard water, are particularly desirable.
• a preferable selection of lathering synthetic surfactant would include a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic/amphoteric surfactants.
• the addition of the zwitterionic/amphoteric surfactant allows for increased mildness and lather properties. However, this addition also can lead to worse structure forming properties in the bar, so that the amount of amphoteric surfactant should be kept to less than 10 parts.
• Preferred zwitterionic/amphoteric surfactants are selected from alkyl ampho mono and di-acetates, alkyl betaines, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, and mixtures thereof, wherein said surfactants contain C8 to C22 alkyl chains and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable synthetic surfactants for use herein are those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,351 ,558, Zimmerer, issued Nov. 7, 1967, at column 6, line 70 to column 7, line 74, incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent 4,165,293 to Gordon, issued Aug. 21 , 1979; U.S. Patent 5,002,685 to Chambers and Instone, issued Mar. 26, 1991 ; U.S. Patent 5,041 ,234 to Instone, et al., issued Aug. 20, 1991 ; all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• alkyl sulfates include alkyl sulfates, anionic acyl sarcosinates, methyl acyl taurates, N- acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates, mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and alkyl amine oxides, betaines, sultaines, and mixtures thereof.
• Some preferred surfactants are the alkyl ether sulfates with 1 to 12 ethoxy groups, especially ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates.
• Synthetic sulfate detergents of special interest are the normally solid alkali metal salts of sulfuric acid esters of normal primary aliphatic alcohols having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
• the sodium and potassium salts of alkyl sulfuric acids obtained from the mixed higher alcohols derived by the reduction of tallow or by the reduction of coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil stearin, babassu kernel oil or other oils of the coconut group can be used herein.
• Other aliphatic sulfuric acid esters can be suitably employed.
• Certain hygroscopic synthetic surfactants which are normally used in liquids and which are very difficult to incorporate into normal cleansing bars are very compatible in the bars of the present invention.
• the preferred lathering synthetic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: acyl isethionates, acyl sarcosinates, alkylglycerylether sulfonates, methylacyl taurates, paraffin sulfonates, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, N-acyl glutamates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alpha sulfo fatty acid esters, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, alpha olefin sulphonate, the alkyl ether sulfates (with 1 to 12 ethoxy groups), and mixtures thereof, wherein said surfactants contain C8 to C22 alkyl chain.
• the anionic surfactant is more preferred wherein said surfactants contain C8 to C18 alkyl chains and wherein the counterion is selected from the group consisting of
• Some examples of good mild, lather-enhancing, synthetic detergent surfactants are, e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate, sulfonated fatty esters, and sulfonated fatty acids
• surfactant mildness can be measured by a skin barrier destruction test which is used to assess the irritancy potential of surfactants. In this test the milder the surfactant, the less the skin barrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radio-labeled water (3H-H2O) which passes from the test solution through the skin epidermis into the physiological buffer contained in the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T. J. Franz in the J. Invest. Dermatol.. 1975, 64, pp. 190-195; and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,525, Small et al., issued June 16, 1987, incorporated herein by reference.
• 3H-H2O radio-labeled water
• the transparent bars of the present invention comprise from about 18 parts to about 37 parts, preferably from about 20 parts to about 32 parts, more preferably from about 20 parts to about 28 parts, of a water soluble organic solvent.
• the water soluble organic solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of urea, water soluble organic polyol and mixtures thereof.
• Urea can be used at a level of 0 to 8 parts, preferable 2 to 7 parts or 3 to 6 parts, but the total level of polyol and urea preferably should not exceed about 37 parts.
• Preferred water soluble organic polyols are selected from the group consisting of: propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, but ⁇ lene glycol, glycerine and ethylene glycol, 1 ,7-heptane-diol, the mono and polyethylene and propylene glycols of up to 8,000 molecular weight, mono C1 -4 alkyl ethers thereof, sorbitol, glycerol, mono- di- and triethanolamine, 2-amino-1 -butanol, non-reducing sugars, such as sucrose, and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred non reducing sugar is used at a level of from about 1 part to about 10 parts, preferably from about 2 parts to about 7 parts, by weight of the bar.
• sucrose as used herein includes sucrose, its derivatives, and similar non-reducing sugars and similar polyols which are substantially stable at a soap processing temperature of up to about 210°F (99°C), e.g., trialose, raffinose, and stachyose; and sorbitol, lactitol and maltitol.
• the water-soluble organic solvent is a necessary component of the present invention, required for bar transparency. Moreover, the particular level and type of water soluble organic solvent employed are important to optimization of the transparency of the personal cleansing bar.
• the personal cleansing bars of the present invention must contain certain combined levels of soap and water soluble organic solvent.
• the water soluble organic solvent, water and soap be combined within the bar at certain ratios.
• the water and the water soluble organic solvent are preferably combined at a ratio of about 2: 1 to 1 :2, most preferably about 1 :1 , to maintain transparency.
• the soap and the water soluble solvent are preferably combined at a ratio of about 0.8: 1 to about 2:1 , more preferably from about 0.8:1 to 1.5: 1.
• the ratio of the insoluble soap to soluble soap preferably ranges from about 1.2: 1 to about 2.4: 1 , more preferably from about 1.7:1 to about 2.3:1.
• the bar soap compositions of the present invention can contain other additives commonly included in toilet bars such as perfumes, other fillers, sanitizing or anti microbial agents, dyes, and the like.
• Some preferred bars of this invention contain at least 1 parts of another bar ingredient selected from: moisturizers, colorants, fillers, polymeric skin feel and mildness aids, perfumes, preservatives, and mixtures thereof.
• Compatible salt and salt hydrates can be used as fillers.
• Some preferred salts are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tetraborate.
• compatible salts and salt hydrates include the sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, lithium, and ammonium salts of inorganic acids and small (6 carbons or less) carboxylic or other organic acids, corresponding hydrates, and mixtures thereof, are applicable.
• the inorganic salts include chloride, bromide, sulfate, metasilicate, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, polyphosphate, metaborate, tetraborate, and carbonate.
• the organic salts include acetate, formate, methyl sulfate, and citrate.
• Water-soluble amine salts can also be used. Monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine (TEA) chloride salts are preferred.
• Aluminosilicates and other clays are useful in the present invention. Some preferred clays are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,605,509 and 4,274,975, incorporated herein by reference.
• clays include zeolite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, illite, bentonite, and halloysite.
• Another preferred clay is kaolin.
• the transparent cleansing bars of the present invention are prepared by an alcohol-free pour molded process.
• the process comprises: (A) making a molten mixture of from 18 parts to 35 parts soap; wherein said soap comprises at least 50% insoluble sodium soap; from 14 parts to 32 parts water; from 5 parts to 37 parts synthetic surfactant; and from 18 parts to 37 parts of a water soluble organic solvent; and (B) transferring a unit amount of said molten mixture into a bar forming mold and allowing said molded unit to cool in acquiescent (without mixing or shear) conditions into a mild low smearing transparent personal cleansing bar.
• a preferred alcohol free process comprises the following steps:
• step 4 Add enough caustic solution to mix of step 3 saponify the fatty material and to provide a low level of free caustic after saponification/neutralization; cool if needed to prevent boiling; but maintain a molten mix;
• step 4 Add some free fatty acid (at least enough to neutralize all the free caustic) and, optionally, add other synthetic surfactants to mix of step 4.
• a preferred process is a framed bar process.
• Other processes such as injection molding, can be used.
• the following process is used to make the exemplified pour- molded bars.
• the process comprises the following steps: 1 .
• amphoteric surfactants e.g., Coco Betaine
• water e.g., water, and salts (e.g., Sodium Chloride)
• salts e.g., Sodium Chloride
• the temperatures in the process can vary some, e.g., they may vary within 5 degrees C.
• the key is not to allow the molten mix viscosity to get too high. (e.g. as typically occurs below a temperature of 68°C), and to avoid agitation while cooling the mix.
• the following Examples illustrate the practice of this invention and are not intended to be limiting. All percentages, parts and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified.
• the free fatty acids used in the examples are used at the same ratio as the fatty acid soaps.
• the soaps are made in situ, unless otherwise specified.
• the levels of soaps are given as a total soap weight percent (wt. %), as well as a bar weight percent (wt. parts).
• Examples 1 , 2 and 3 set forth hereinafter are transparent personal cleansing bars of the present invention. These transparent personal cleansing bars exhibit at least marginally acceptable hardness and, in most cases (e.g., Examples 2 and 3), good hardness. Hardness is measured using the cone penetrometer method described in Kacher et al; U.S. Patent 5,340,492; Issued August 23, 1994, herein incorporated by reference. A penetration value of 5 mm or less indicates a very hard bar. A penetration value of from 5 to 10 mm indicates a moderately hard bar. A penetration value of from 10 to 12 mm indicates a somewhat soft bar of marginal acceptance. A penetration value of greater than 1 2 mm indicates a very soft bar which is unacceptable. Penetration values of 10 mm or less are most preferred in terms of hardness. Comparative Examples A, B, C, D and E are personal cleansing bars that fall outside of the claims of the present invention. Comparative Examples B, C and E are not transparent bars. Comparative Examples A and D are unacceptabl ⁇ soft.
• Examples 1 -3 and Comparative Examples A-E "parts other" consists of 1 .5 parts sodium chloride, 1 part free fatty acid, 1 part perfume and 0.1 parts preservative.
• the polyol is a blend of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerine and sucrose.
• the synthetic surfactant is sodium lauryl ethoxy (3) sulfate.
• Example Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparativ A e
• the bar has excellent transparency and lathering properties.
• the soap was made from a combination of trigl ⁇ cerides.
• This bar has excellent transparency, hardness and sudsing characteristics.
• the bar is also very mild.
• This bar has excellent transparency, sudsing and mildness characteristics.
• This example has a higher amount of soap and a lower amount of water.
• This bar was made with a mixture of thglycerides (Coconut Oil) and fatty acids (Triple Pressed Stearic fatty acid).
• Example 1 1 Inqredient Wt. parts Soluble Insoluble

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• 1995
  • 1995-07-26 CZ CZ97317A patent/CZ31797A3/cs unknown
  • 1995-07-26 EP EP95927463A patent/EP0775194A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-07-26 CA CA002196536A patent/CA2196536C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-07-26 MX MX9700843A patent/MX9700843A/es unknown
  • 1995-07-26 BR BR9508500A patent/BR9508500A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-07-26 JP JP8506591A patent/JPH10503546A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1995-07-26 CN CN95195079A patent/CN1157632A/zh active Pending
  • 1995-07-26 WO PCT/US1995/009436 patent/WO1996004360A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-07-26 KR KR1019970700719A patent/KR100235692B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 1995-07-26 AU AU31489/95A patent/AU3148995A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-08-03 PE PE1995275292A patent/PE29096A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1996
  • 1996-02-02 TW TW085101545A patent/TW341598B/zh active

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