WO1996004221A1 - Engrais encapsule a aptitude neutralisante - Google Patents

Engrais encapsule a aptitude neutralisante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996004221A1
WO1996004221A1 PCT/DK1995/000322 DK9500322W WO9604221A1 WO 1996004221 A1 WO1996004221 A1 WO 1996004221A1 DK 9500322 W DK9500322 W DK 9500322W WO 9604221 A1 WO9604221 A1 WO 9604221A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
particulate
urea
encapsulated
plaster
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1995/000322
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Niels Kristian THORØ-NIELSEN
Original Assignee
Thoroe Nielsen Niels Kristian
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thoroe Nielsen Niels Kristian filed Critical Thoroe Nielsen Niels Kristian
Priority to AU31087/95A priority Critical patent/AU3108795A/en
Publication of WO1996004221A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996004221A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an encapsulated fertilizer with neutralizing capacity and containing a balanced amount of nitrogen, sulphur and liming agents and optionally other components for land cultivation purposes.
  • a liming agent is most often carried out in the form of a separate liming with agricultural lime, i.e. crushed or comminuted dolomite lime, bryozo- and coral lime, white chalk, silty limestone, marl, etc.
  • Such liming is typically carried out every four years depending i.a. on the solubility of the liming agent supplied.
  • Liming is desirable since it renders the soil more porous and a number of nutrients become more readily obtainable to the plants.
  • a high soil pH also increases the leaching of in particular nitrate ions to water streams, inshore waters and ground water.
  • the state of the art liming practice where the liming agent is typically supplied every four years, also referred to as "interval liming", there is a risk of the liming effect being too powerful immediately following the supply with entailing leaching of e.g. phosp ⁇ horus and nitrate. This recent knowledge has resulted in a substantial reduction in the consumption of lime for agricul ⁇ tural purposes.
  • Dolomite lime is a preferred liming agent for agricultural and horticultural uses due to its high contents of magnesium which is an important plant nutrient in addition to being a potent soil neutralizer.
  • Urea (NH 2 CNH 2 ) is commercially available as a nitrogen fertilizer containing 46% of N in the form of amide nitrogen.
  • Urea is readily soluble and a readily available nutrient for plants, and prior to use it may be dissolved in water and sprayed onto the soil or the crop. Urea may furthermore be distributed in a solid state, e.g. as pellets or granules, directly onto the soil.
  • urea is highly hygroscopic since it absorbs moisture from the environment. This renders urea fertilizers more susceptible to fluidization and therefore it is less shelf stable than other solid fertili ⁇ zers.
  • the magnesium carbamides formed are sticky and the calcium carbonate, CaC0 3 , remaining from the selective calcination sticks to the magnesium carbamide particles to form a solid protective layer.
  • the water formed in the reaction is to be eliminated to avoid the formation of Mg(OH) 2 which may drive off NH 3 from urea.
  • a non-hygroscopic inert fertilizer is obtained wherein nitrogen is protected against leaching and degassing and which may be stored and sown along with grain.
  • the fertilizer may be mixed with other fertilizers containing P, K and trace elements. Said fertilizer will be sulphur-free unless sulphur is added separately.
  • the present invention which is characterized in that it relates to an encapsulated particu ⁇ late fertilizer with neutralizing capacity and consisting of particulate urea or derivatives thereof encapsulated in a combination of a magnesium-containing liming agent and plaster and further optional fertilizer components.
  • the encapsulated fertilizer according to the invention is preferably prepared from a mixture of from 20 to 80 percent by weight of particulate and substantially anhydrous urea, preferably such urea which contains about 46% of N, pre ⁇ ferably a granulated or pelleted formaldehyde-treated urea (sometimes referred to as "urea-form") , from 15 to 70 percent by weight of a particulate magnesium-containing liming agent, such as dolomite, dolomite limestone or magnesium limestone with a varying moisture content of from about 3 to about 17 percent by weight of water, and from 4 to 30 percent by weight of plaster, preferably powdered plaster.
  • a particulate magnesium-containing liming agent such as dolomite, dolomite limestone or magnesium limestone with a varying moisture content of from about 3 to about 17 percent by weight of water
  • plaster preferably powdered plaster.
  • plaster is a naturally occuring sulphur compound but it may also be obtained as a side product in industrial processes and flue gas purification.
  • the sulphur content is typically 20% and due to its contents of calcium, plaster has a neutralizing capacity of about 60% which is comparable to dolomite that has a neutralizing capacity of about 90%, cf. Table 1.
  • plaster is not applicable for agricultural uses as a liming agent, since it solidifies and forms lumps and crusts. This further renders its contents of sulphur non-obtainable for the crops.
  • An ideal sulphur content in fertilizers for use in conditions such as in Denmark is estimated to be about 2% of S.
  • the magnesium- containing liming agent is bonded as a layer around the urea particles and the particles thus produced are moist and sticky thereby allowing admixed particulate, preferably powdered plaster to be bonded to the surface. This also makes the particles dry, and free-flowing encapsulation of the urea particles is obtained.
  • One possible explanation of the apparent loss of water may be the absorption of free water in the plaster powder as hydrate water. It is consequently preferred that the plaster used is completely or partially dehydrated.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the production of an encapsulated fertilizer, said method being charac ⁇ terized in that particulate urea or a derivative thereof is mixed with a magnesium-containing liming agent which is bonded to the urea particles while forming a moist and sticky surface layer optionally by addition of water as granulating liquid, following which the admixture of particulate plaster provides a free-flowing, particulate, encapsulated fertili ⁇ zer.
  • the desired product may be obtained independently of particular temperature conditions, e.g. at a preferred temperature in the mixture of from 5* to 30*C. The conversion rate is increased at increasing temperatures.
  • the particulate components have a natural moisture or water content of from about 3 to about 17 percent by weight.
  • the mixing is preferably carried out as a drum coating or a drum encapsulation of a pelleted urea or urea-form product with an average particle diameter of from about 1 mm to about 3 mm to obtain a coated or encapsulated product with an average particle diameter of from about 1.5 to about 4 mm and a shell thickness of about 0.5 mm.
  • N calcium (Ca) , magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) in a balanced ratio and in one operation, and minimization of the leaching of nutrients from the soil;
  • plaster provides a number of advantages since the admixture of from 4 to 30 percent by weight of plaster as an encapsulating agent along with e.g. dolomite forms a thin micro-porous shell around the urea particles.
  • plaster powder is finely distributed over the magnesium-containing liming agent in the fertilizer production process it will not form hard lumps upon drying.
  • the plaster in the fertilizer will not solidify in the same manner as will be the case following usual addition of water and drying.
  • the plaster which is otherwise a waste product difficult to utilize, is rendered useful for agricultural purposes.
  • a combined liming and fertilizing agent according to the invention having a neutralizing capacity of e.g. 41% (cal ⁇ culated) and having at the same time a high content of N, Mg and S of 24%, about 4% and 3%, respectively, one annual distribution in addition to basic fertilization is all that is needed for grain crops and in particular for winter crops.
  • the fertilizer according to the invention is inexpensive since a liming effect and a supply of Mg and S are additionally obtained at the same cost as a corresponding N-fertilizer with calcium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate. Finally a nitrate-free N-fertilizer contributes to building up the humus content of the soil.
  • Table 1 illustrates different mixing ratios for the fertili ⁇ zer according to the invention. The neutralizing capacity is given as a theoretically calculated value (non-analytical) .
  • Encapsulated fertilizer means a particulate fertilizer encapsulated in a shell of an encapsulating material.
  • the encapsulating material may occur e.g. as a granulation or an agglomeration.
  • Urea means NH 2 -C-NH 2 and corresponding amide compounds and derivatives thereof, including urea aldehyde condensates, such as urea-form (urea + formaldehyde or other aldehydes) which may be reacted with the magnesium-containing liming agent to obtain the fertilizer according to the invention.
  • urea aldehyde condensates such as urea-form (urea + formaldehyde or other aldehydes) which may be reacted with the magnesium-containing liming agent to obtain the fertilizer according to the invention.
  • Magnetic-containing liming agent as used herein means a particulate product with a mesh size curve (particle size distribution) authorized for land cultivation uses, e.g. a product wherein 100 percent by weight of the particles are 4,0 mm or below, about 50 percent by weight thereof being 0,1 mm or below, and containing varying amounts of CaC0 3 , CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgC0 3 , MgO and Mg(0H) 2 and optional trace elements.
  • the liming agent may thus be selected from among e.g.
  • dolomite, dolomite limestone, magnesium limestone and combinations of calcium carbonate-containing minerals and products such as bleaching chalk, bryozo lime, coral lime, white chalk, Thomas slag and precipitated calcium carbonate, and magnesium-containing minerals and products, such as kieserite, carnallite, epsomite and kainite, preferably MgC0 3 - or MgO-containing minerals and products.
  • the liming agent is preferably non-treated except from optional milling or grinding.
  • plaster as used herein is used to designate completely or partially dehydrated plaster, viz. naturally occuring or synthetic calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaS0 4 «ijH 2 0) and an ⁇ hydrite (CaS0 4 ) , including by-products, such as flue gas plaster from desulphurization plants and phosphorous plaster from the production of phosphorous acid.
  • the plaster used in the invention is preferably powdery and capable of absorbing and bonding free water.
  • Further fertilizer components include all natural and synthetic inorganic and organic compounds exhibiting fertili ⁇ zing performance, including trace elements.
  • trace elements include the elements Mn, Fe, Mo, B, Co, Cu, Zn and salts or complex compounds thereof.
  • Neutralizing capacity as used herein means the calculated percentage of calcium carbonate on the basis of a chemical standard basicity determination of a weighed sample of the liming agent.
  • “Land cultivation uses” as used herein means every activity in connection with the cultivation and maintenance of agricultural, silvicultural, horticultural and park areas, including also private gardens as well as nurseries.
  • the encapsulated fertilizer according to the invention preferably consists of rounded or spherical particles with a preferred particle size distribution of from about 1.2 to about 4 mm. This may readily be obtained by the method according to the invention for producing the fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer may be distributed manually, but for large areas mechanical distribution is preferred, e.g. using a centrifugal-type spreader for which the fertilizer is particularly suitable due to its granular form.
  • the fertilizer according to the invention may be used for all crops and for garden, grass and park areas and for all possible land cultivation uses as it replaces known in- dividual fertilizers. Moreover, the fertilizer according to the invention may form a part of an NPK-fertilizer whereby an NPK-fertilizer with neutralizing capacity may be obtained. Such an NPK-fertilizer may be mixed mechanically.
  • Nitrate nitrogen, N (DS 230/241) (1) 0,2% Amide nitrogen, N (2, 6, 2) (1) 28,0%
  • This fertilizer will be suitable for mechanical admixture to produce an NPK- fertilizer with neutralizing capacity, e.g. NPK 23-3-7.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

Un engrais particulaire encapsulé, doté d'une capacité neutralisante, consiste en des particules d'urée ou de ses dérivés, encapsulées dans une combinaison d'un agent de chaulage, contenant du magnésium, et d'un plâtre, et, à titre facultatif, d'autres éléments d'engrais et/ou agents auxiliaires.
PCT/DK1995/000322 1994-08-05 1995-08-04 Engrais encapsule a aptitude neutralisante WO1996004221A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU31087/95A AU3108795A (en) 1994-08-05 1995-08-04 Encapsulated fertilizer with neutralizing capacity

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK0919/94 1994-08-05
DK091994A DK171130B1 (da) 1994-08-05 1994-08-05 Indkapslet gødningsmiddel med neutraliserende evne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996004221A1 true WO1996004221A1 (fr) 1996-02-15

Family

ID=8099024

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1995/000322 WO1996004221A1 (fr) 1994-08-05 1995-08-04 Engrais encapsule a aptitude neutralisante

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3108795A (fr)
DK (1) DK171130B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996004221A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9090884B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2015-07-28 Advanced Biological Marketing Incorporated Formulations of viable microorganisms and their methods of production and use
US9102893B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2015-08-11 Advanced Biological Marketing Equipment lubricating microbial compositions

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1183938A (en) * 1966-09-21 1970-03-11 Fisons Ltd Prilling
US3684476A (en) * 1969-11-03 1972-08-15 Marden Anstalt Process for production of n,mg and ca fertilizer
US3976467A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-08-24 Seferian Rupen B Urea gypsum addition product and method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1183938A (en) * 1966-09-21 1970-03-11 Fisons Ltd Prilling
US3684476A (en) * 1969-11-03 1972-08-15 Marden Anstalt Process for production of n,mg and ca fertilizer
US3976467A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-08-24 Seferian Rupen B Urea gypsum addition product and method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9090884B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2015-07-28 Advanced Biological Marketing Incorporated Formulations of viable microorganisms and their methods of production and use
US9102893B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2015-08-11 Advanced Biological Marketing Equipment lubricating microbial compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK171130B1 (da) 1996-06-24
DK91994A (da) 1996-02-06
AU3108795A (en) 1996-03-04

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