Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
  • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L17/10—Fish meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L17/20—Fish extracts

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for producing fish- based food and feed products, and more particularly to a process for producing dry feed for breeding fish, although the resulting products may also find application as general animal feed and for human consumption.
• the raw material fish, testaceous animals, and parts thereof
• the raw material is heated, after which it is pressed or centrifuged. There is formed thereby a solid phase, press cake and sludge, and a liquid phase, press liquer.
• the press liquer is separated into oil and stick water, and the latter is added after concentrating to the press cake and sludge which is dried to a meal having a water content of less than 12%, preferably between 5 and 10%.
• the fish meal is admixed with vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and if desired other ingredients.
• the mixture is processed in an extruder/pellet press or similar appa ⁇ ratus. During this processing water, steam and mechanical energy in the form of a shearing load and pressure are supplied. The temperature of the mixture is raised during the processing. After this processing the pellet is dried. The fat content of the dried pellets can be increased by the spraying on of oil.
• the fish raw material is repeatedly exposed to the influence of heat and drying which involves changes in the characteristics of the protein, such as water-binding and gel-forming properties.
• This entails having to supply foreign glue materials and binding agents so that it will remain possible to achieve sufficient solidity of the pellet.
• glue material/ binding agent carbohydrates and/ or pure binding agents are used.
• Bo pure binding agents are meant consistency-yielding additive materials which have little or no nutritional value.
• the desired solidity can be obtained.
• the desired solidity can be determined by defining the demands on the ultimate strength, the water stability of the pellet together with the ability to endure mechanical and pneumatic tran ⁇ sportation.
• the ability of the salmon to digest carbohydrates is limited and the tolerance to carbohydrates of types of marine fish appears to be still lower than for salmon. This also poses the question of the influence of carbohydrate on the surroundings around the cages.
• the production of dry feed by known processes is therefore energy unfavourable and the components of the feed mixture are repeatedly exposed to relative high temperatures and large mechanical loads.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to produce a process which makes possible the production of dry feed in an energy favourable manner and having good nutritio ⁇ nal and physical properties.
• the present invention resides in a process for producing a fish-based product comprising the steps of:
• step (c) drying the converted product to form an end product having a water content of less than 12 % by weight.
• the resulting mixture is concentrated to a water content of from 20-50 % by weight before step (b) . Up towards the upper temperature limit the advantage of killing bacteria is obtained.
• the main raw material in the process according to the invention is preferably an intermediate product formed during the production of fish meal, such as press cake, sludge, and stick water, while in the known processes ready dried fish meal is used.
• the fish material is subjected to grinding up in a step 1.
• the most usual is to use press cake/sludge while it is still warm after coagulation or predrying.
• the ground up product is mixed in a step 2 with stick water concentrate, and the mixture is dried to a solid content of 5.0-80 % by weight.
• additive materials such as vitamins and minerals, are added to the mixture.
• After the mixing/ drying the mixture is transferred to an extruder/pellet press in a step 3.
• stick water concentrate is added if desired, and oil is added in an amount which is dependent on the fat content of the final product and the consistency of the product.
• the additive materials can, if this is found to be appropriate, be added at this stage.
• Fish feed pellet Al was produced from intermediate products from sand eel. content of 56-61% was mixed with 20 kg. of stick water concentrate having a solid content of 27.8%. 9.95 kg. of fish oil was added by the spraying on. There was produced feed pellets having a diameter of 3.5 mm. The feed included 2% "Suprex" (heat-treated maize starch) , and no form of pure binding agents. By the commercially used process of to-day it is not technically possible to produce feed with such a composition.
• Feed Bl is a commercially produced feed of the feeds which are on the market to-day having the lowest possible carbohydrate content (10-12%) , together with the lowest possible content of binding agents.
• Feed Bl is thus not directly comparable on the basis of composition, but is nevertheless that feed which is most naturally to be compared with the "new" feed, Al.
• the Table below shows a comparison of physical quality between the "new" feed, Al, and that feed which is on the market to-day, Bl.
• the content of fat is the same for the two feeds, while feed Al is much drier than feed Bl. Low moisture of the feed often produces a weakening of the strength of the feed. In spite of this feed Al thus shows good mechanical durability. It is important to be able to control the final moisture in the feed pellet and is not regarded as any problem in the process according to the invention. That it is somewhat low here is due to the technical test run at the pilot plant which was employed.
• Stick water concentrate having a solid content of 27- 30%.
• the feed was produced totally free of carbohydrates and pure binding agents.
• feed Bl was, as submitted in Example 1, also employed here, even if feed Bl with respect to strength will derive benefit from 10-12% carbohydrates as included.
• the Table shows a carbohydrate-free feed, A2, compared with the feed which is on the market to-day which is naturally to be compared with, feed Bl .
• Diet 2 Feed produced from fish material from sand eel with a water content of 56-61%, with the addition of a quantity of stick water concentrate corresponding to conventional whole meal.
• the stick water concentrate had a solid content of 27.8% Carbohydrate content 4-6%.
• Diet 3 Feed produced from fish material from sand eel (the same fish material as diet 2) , with the addition of an amount of stick water corresponding to double of that which is normally used in a whole meal composition, that is to say double the quantity of stick water concentrate related to test diet 2.
• Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals as diet 2.
• Diet 4 Feed produced from fish material from sand eel (same fish material as diet 2), with the addition of stick water concentrate corresponding to diet 2. This diet included in addition about 15% minced raw fish. Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals as diet no. 2.
• Diet 5 Feed produced by a traditional feed process from fish meal taken out in the same production in the fish meal factory as the intermediate products in the diets 2-4, were taken out from. Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, as diet
• the fish meals which were used in (diet 5 and 6) were thus from the same type of raw material (sand eel) and production as the intermediate products.
• the diets 2-6 were produced at SSF (Norwegian herring oil and meal industry research institute) , while the control feed, diet 1, is that feed on the market to-day which lies closest up to the low quantity of carbohydrate it is desirable to compare with, feed Bl, from Example 1 and 2.
• Example 3 Parts of Example 3 were repeated as diets 1 (control) and 2 were produced from another raw material source. The tests were extended to testing in cages in the sea. The tests were also this time carried out fully according to plans, both what production of feed and biological experiments concern.
• feed Bl, diet 2 gave an increase in growth of about 15% by weight when the experi ⁇ ments were carried out in a vessel and an increase of up to 40% by weight when the experiments were carried out in cages in the sea. It is to note, however, that the experiments in the cages lasted for a longer period of time.
• step 3 Thereafter step 3 and the following steps were carried out to obtain a final feed.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Physiology (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19897227

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (3)

Citations (4)

• 1994
  • 1994-07-01 NO NO942486A patent/NO179731C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-05-12 AU AU29381/95A patent/AU2938195A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-05-12 WO PCT/NO1995/000078 patent/WO1996001058A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1995-05-12 GB GB9627125A patent/GB2303776B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-05-18 ZA ZA954059A patent/ZA954059B/xx unknown
  • 1995-06-26 PE PE1995272259A patent/PE34695A1/es not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1996
  • 1996-12-23 IS IS4403A patent/IS4403A/is unknown
  • 1996-12-27 DK DK151196A patent/DK151196A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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