WO1995035359A1 - Aqueous cleaning composition - Google Patents

Aqueous cleaning composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995035359A1
WO1995035359A1 PCT/NO1995/000107 NO9500107W WO9535359A1 WO 1995035359 A1 WO1995035359 A1 WO 1995035359A1 NO 9500107 W NO9500107 W NO 9500107W WO 9535359 A1 WO9535359 A1 WO 9535359A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleaning composition
sodium
composition according
solution
foaming
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1995/000107
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arne Pedersen
Original Assignee
Arne Pedersen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arne Pedersen filed Critical Arne Pedersen
Priority to AU28098/95A priority Critical patent/AU2809895A/en
Publication of WO1995035359A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995035359A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/08—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
    • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/43—Solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D7/06—Hydroxides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to aqueous cleaning compo ⁇ sitions. More particularly it relates to synthetic, liquid low and high foaming cleaning compositions which contain alkali builders, surfactants, disinfectants, and optionally foaming agents and various additives, dissolved in water.
  • the cleaning compositions of the present invention are particularly well suited for the cleansing of articles heavily soiled and stained with oil and fat.
  • EP 0,124,489 discloses a cleaning compo ⁇ sition which is used to remove protective polymeric films from metallic surfaces.
  • the formulation is based on a combination of di- and triethanolamine and a hydrotropic compound, e.g. butyldiglycol, and pH-regulating acids, thickeners, tensides, corrosion inhibitors, biocides and optionally colouring agents.
  • An embodiment of the invention comprises a mixture consisting of 7 % of triethanolamine, 2 % of butyldiglycol, 1 % of lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride and 0,4 % of phosphoric acid.
  • US 4,540,505 (Frazier) teaches a disinfective pump-spray cleanser containing a germicidally effective quaternary ammon ⁇ ium compound, a non-ionic surfactant, d-limonene, an alkali builder, aliphatic glycol monoethers, water and optionally a lower aliphatic alcohol.
  • An embodiment of the cleanser com ⁇ prises 6 % of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 0.9 % of n- alkyldimethyl ammoniumchloride and 1 % of sodium metasilicate. In another embodiment 4 % of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether is used. All compositions contain d-limonene and a non-ionic surfactant.
  • US 5,061,395 relates to a hard surface cleaning compo ⁇ sition which contain i.a. quaternary ammonium halides and sodium hydroxide.
  • the quaternary ammonium chloride may be a c i 2 -i 8 n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET ces in a unique combination which makes the present cleaning compositions novel and provide surprisingly efficient cleaning properties.
  • the invention provides both high and low foaming cleaning compositions, all of which have the same outstanding cleaning properties.
  • the cleaning compositions of the present invention are well suited for industrial production in small as well as large scales.
  • the present cleaning compositions can be utilised with excellent cleaning results e.g. in slaughterhouses to clean equipment soiled with organic substances such as blood and fats; in fish processing plants to clean off marine oils and fats, remainings of fish entrails and other types of soils; the cleansing of fish crates, fish-nets and trawls; in mechanical workshops and garages to remove mineral oils, etc. Furthermore, they are very efficient when used to wash house fronts, remove floor polishes without use of scrubbing, clean soot off constructions damaged by fire, etc.
  • the present clea ⁇ ning compositions may also be used for to launder textiles, e.g. overalls heavily stained with oil and grease.
  • an aqueous, cleaning composition comprising the com ⁇ ponents potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, an additio- nal component containing sodium ions, an alkyl diglycol and/or an ester thereof, a quaternary alkylbenzyl ammonium chloride, and optionally foaming agents, fragrances and additives, dis ⁇ solved in water in effective amounts.
  • This invention relates to liquid, aqueous cleaning compositions prepared by combining commercially available components.
  • the formulations of non-foaming, low foaming and high foaming cleaning compositions of the invention are de- scribed hereafter.
  • the alkali hydroxides used in the formulations of the cleaning compositions are preferably potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Most preferred is potassium hydroxide which is used in all formulations as an obligatory component.
  • Com-tapal grades of potassium hydroxide may be used, either in the form of a dry powder or, preferably, in the form of a 46 % by weight concentrated aqueous solution. In general, the quan ⁇ tity used is in the range from 0.5 to 20 % by weight of the 46 % by weight solution.
  • Sodium metasilicate being an obligatory component, is preferably used in the form of a powder of a commercially available grade. Typical quantities used in the formulations are within the range from 2 to 15 % by weight. According to the invention an additional quantity of sodium ions is needed to achieve the intended cleaning effect. In the low foaming cleaning compositions a preferred compound is sodium hydroxide, which is easily available at low costs. When used, the quantities are typically in the range from 0.2 to 10 % by weight of the total formulation.
  • polyacrylic acid neutralized with sodium hydroxide commercially available from Rohm & and Haas, USA, under the trademark "Norasol LMW 45 N” ).
  • This compound may be used in quantities preferably in the range from 3 to 5 % by weight. This compound acts as a complexing agent which binds dissolved dirt.
  • Suitable germicidal agents for use in the present cleaning compositions are quaternary alkyl benzyl ammonium halides, preferably n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride wherein the n-alkyl contains from 12 to 18 C atoms. Most preferred is lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride (commercially available as a 10 % by weight aqueous solution from Henkel, Germany, under the trademark "Dehyquart LDB"). This compound is a bactericide which have a good germicidal effect. In addition it stabilizes the obtained foam and impro ⁇ ves its consistency, and also functions as a surfactant.
  • a suitable amount in the formulations is from 1 to 5 % by weight of the 10 % by weight solution.
  • Alkyl diglycol and/or an ester thereof is an essen ⁇ tial component of the present cleaning compositions.
  • Compounds having different alkyl radicals may be used.
  • the pre- ferred compounds are butyl diglycol (butoxy ethoxy ethanol) and butyl diglycol acetate.
  • the most preferred compound is butyldiglycol, preferably used in a quantity from 3 to 10 % by weight. Commercially available grades may be used as purcha- sed.
  • the ingredients must be dissolved in an appropriate amount of water to obtain the required cleaning properties.
  • the production of the cleaning compositions is performed by first dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, and optionally sodium hydroxide, in a minor quantity of water, and then added to this mixture lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium ⁇ chloride and butyl diglycol.
  • An efficient non-foaming, cleaning composition thus comprises:
  • the active components indicated above should amount to no more than 57 % by weight, and conse ⁇ quently the added amount of water is not more than 43 % by weight.
  • the concentrated cleaning compositions Prior to use the concentrated cleaning compositions then have to be diluted with appropriate amounts of water.
  • the cleaning composition is used to clean normally soiled articles, prior to use the concentrated cleaning compositions indicated above are diluted with water in a ratio of about 1:10.
  • the cleaning compositions may often be diluted with up to 1000 parts of water and still have a sufficient cleaning effect. Obviously, there exist no strict rules for the dilution, and the user must decide upon the degree of dilution in each specific case.
  • a suitable foaming agent which pro ⁇ cutes a tough foam is coconut fatty acid diethanolamide (com ⁇ suddenly available from company Henkel, Germany, under the trademark "Comperlan KD"), which can be added in a quantity of typically about 3 % by weight in low foaming compositions and up to about 30 % by weight in high foaming compositions.
  • the cleaning compositions should also leave a fresh and pleasant scent upon cleaning. This is easily achieved by adding one of the many different fragrances available for this purpose. Among the most popular odours are lemon and pine. The latter scent can be obtained by adding green soap of commer ⁇ cially available grades. In addition, the green soap will boost the foaming and is therefore preferred.
  • the green soap is included in the formulation in an amount of about 5 % by weight, but lower as well as higher amounts can be used.
  • a cleaning composition which comprises the following ingredients:
  • a high foaming cleaning composition can be prepared by increasing the amount of foaming agent to e.g. approxi ⁇ mately twice the amount used in the low foaming cleaning com ⁇ position above.
  • the preferred foaming agent is the above-men- tioned coconut fatty acid diethanolamide.
  • a suitable coconut alkylamine compound having a hydrotropic effect may be used.
  • a preferred compound is coco- nut iminoglycinat or N-cocoalkyl trimethylene diamine reacted with sodium chloroacetate (commercially available from Berol Nobel, Sweden, under the trademark "Ampholak XCE”).
  • the sodium salt of N-coco- ⁇ -iminodipropionic acid (commercially available from Berol Nobel, Sweden, under the trademark "Ampholak YCA/P”) may be used.
  • alkylphenol polyglycolether of the type commer ⁇ cially available from Thor's Kemiske Fabrikker, Norway, under the trademark "Thorofen 3D 9kz"
  • Each of these compounds can be used alone, or a combination of two or all three of them can be used.
  • the total amount of these compounds typically add up to about 10 % by weight of the formulation.
  • the foam can be made thicker by adding sodium lauryl ethersulphate (commercially available as a 10 % by weight aqueous solution from Henkel, Germany, under the trademark "Texapon NSO”) in a quantity of up to 10-20 % by weight (of the 10 wt% solution).
  • the effi ⁇ ciency of the high-foaming cleaning composition may be further improved by adding about 3 % by weight of tetrasodium methy- lene diamine tetraacetate (commercially available as a 86 % by weight aqueous solution from Hampshire Chemicals, UK, under the trademark "Detarex 200"). This substance has a softening effect on the soil.
  • the high foaming cleaning composition of the invention is obtained by adding suitable amounts of the above mentioned foam building components to the low foaming com ⁇ position described herebefore.
  • the resulting cleaning com ⁇ position gives an abundant amount of stable, persisting foam. Consequently, according to another embodiment of the invention there is provided a high foaming cleaning composition which comprise the following ingrediants: Potassium hydroxide (46 wt%) 8 wt%
  • the cleaning compositions of the present invention may be applied to soiled surfaces by conventional methods, for instance by spraying. Only low foaming cleaning compositions can be applied with the use of spraying devices that operates at low pressures (up to 600 kPa), because high foaming clea ⁇ ning compositions require high pressures. To clean small articles even a hand-operated spraying device, consisting of a container and a sprayer connected thereto, may suffice.
  • the cleaning composition must remain on the substrate to be clean ⁇ ed for a given period of time, typically from 10 s to a couple of minutes, depending on how dirty the article is. To achieve a germicidal effect the cleaning compositions must remain in contact with the substrate for at least 9 minutes.
  • Example 1 Non-foaming cleaning composition.
  • Example 2 Low-foaming cleaning composition. s A mixture according to Example 1 was prepared, except that the ingredients were added in the quantities indicated below. To this mixture were added coconut fatty acid dietha ⁇ nolamide (commercially available from Henkel, Germany, under the trademark "Comperlan KD”) and green soap.
  • the prepared 0 cleaning composition comprised the following ingredients:
  • a low foaming cleaning composition was obtained which had a fresh odour and a smooth and homogeneous consistency.
  • Example 2 The same ingredients as in Example 2 were used, except that polyacrylic acid neutralized with sodium hydroxide (commercially available from company Rohm & Haas, USA, under the trademark “Norasol LMW 45 N”) was substituted for sodium hydroxide.
  • foaming and foam-stabilizing agents sodium lauryl ethersulphate (commercially available from com ⁇ pany Henkel, Germany, under the trademark “Texapon NSO”), tet- rasodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (commercially available under the trademark "Detarex 200"), alkylphenol polyglycol ⁇ ether (commercially available from company Thor's Kemiske Fab- rikker, Norway, under the trademark “Thorofen 9 Kz”), and N-cocoalkyl trimethylene diamine sodium chloroacetate (commer- cially available from Berol Nobel, Sweden, under the trademark "Ampholak XCE”) were added.
  • the cleaning compositions included the following ingredients:
  • the low foaming cleaning composition of the invention and a commercially available cleaning composition (“Addi Kraft SU 930" from Lilleborg Fabrikker, Norway) were sprayed onto concrete walls soiled with remainings from the handling and processing of fish. Both cleaning compositions were kept in contact with the substrate for about 9 minutes and were then rinsed off with water under high pressure. The part of the wall to which the present cleaning composition had been app- lied regained its original colour, whereas "Addi Kraft” left a gray coloured coating on the wall.
  • Example 6 Use of the cleaning composition of Example 2.
  • the low foaming cleaning composition of the invention and a commercially available cleaning composition (“HD-vask” from company Electrolux, Sweden) were applied to separate parts of a terrazzo floor in a block of flats.
  • the cleaning compositions were allowed to act on the dirty floor for a few minutes, without any brushing or scrubbing, before being re ⁇ moved by the use of a swab.
  • the part of the floor to which the cleaning composition of the present invention had been applied became completely clean.
  • the other part of the floor to which "HD-vask" had been applied had to be scrubbed to obtain an acceptable result.
  • Example 2 Use of the cleaning composition of Example 2.
  • Each of the low-foaming cleaning composition of the invention and a commercially available cleaning composition (“Industrivask” from Norden 01 e) were applied to one half of the seat of a plastic chair that had remained in a mechanical workshop for a long period of time and had become very filthy. After a few minutes both halves of the seat were rinsed with water. While “Industrivask” only removed the soil from the top surface of the seat, the cleaning composition of the invention also removed soil from the tiny grooves in the seat.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
PCT/NO1995/000107 1994-06-20 1995-06-20 Aqueous cleaning composition WO1995035359A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU28098/95A AU2809895A (en) 1994-06-20 1995-06-20 Aqueous cleaning composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO942341A NO942341L (no) 1994-06-20 1994-06-20 Flytende, vandig rengjöringsmiddel
NO942341 1994-06-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995035359A1 true WO1995035359A1 (en) 1995-12-28

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ID=19897198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1995/000107 WO1995035359A1 (en) 1994-06-20 1995-06-20 Aqueous cleaning composition

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AU (1) AU2809895A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO942341L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1995035359A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997032000A3 (de) * 1996-03-01 1997-12-11 Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg Reinigungsmittel für anlagen der lebensmittelindustrie, seine verwendung und verfahren zum reinigen dieser anlagen
WO1998051768A1 (en) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-19 Ecolab Inc. Method for cleaning food preparation surfaces
WO2001059055A1 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Reinigungsmittel
WO2004076034A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-09-10 Vandine Robert W Gas scrubbing reagent and methods for using same
JP2014132063A (ja) * 2012-12-07 2014-07-17 Kao Corp 硬質表面用液体洗浄剤組成物
CN104479894A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2015-04-01 苏州佑君环境科技有限公司 一种水产物检测洗净剂及其制备方法
CN107921703A (zh) * 2015-08-14 2018-04-17 斯特拉塔西斯公司 清洁组合物
IT201700000450A1 (it) * 2017-01-03 2018-07-03 Pietro Chieco "composizione per la pulizia di superfici di materiali lapidei"
GB2575988A (en) * 2018-07-30 2020-02-05 Kingspan Holdings Irl Ltd Phenolic foam and method of manufacture thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4540505A (en) * 1981-05-22 1985-09-10 American Cyanamid Company Disinfectant spray cleanser containing glycol ethers
US4774015A (en) * 1986-02-28 1988-09-27 Cherokee Chemical Co., Inc. Carburetor cleaner
US5061395A (en) * 1990-01-04 1991-10-29 Ques Industries, Inc. Hard surface cleaning composition

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4540505A (en) * 1981-05-22 1985-09-10 American Cyanamid Company Disinfectant spray cleanser containing glycol ethers
US4774015A (en) * 1986-02-28 1988-09-27 Cherokee Chemical Co., Inc. Carburetor cleaner
US5061395A (en) * 1990-01-04 1991-10-29 Ques Industries, Inc. Hard surface cleaning composition

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997032000A3 (de) * 1996-03-01 1997-12-11 Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg Reinigungsmittel für anlagen der lebensmittelindustrie, seine verwendung und verfahren zum reinigen dieser anlagen
AU714812B2 (en) * 1996-03-01 2000-01-13 Henkel-Ecolab Gmbh & Co. Ohg A cleaning formulation for equipment used in the food industry, its use and a process for cleaning such equipment
US6204231B1 (en) * 1996-03-01 2001-03-20 Henkel Kommandigesellschaft Auf Aktien Cleaning agent for food-industry facilities, its use and method of cleaning such facilities using the agent
WO1998051768A1 (en) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-19 Ecolab Inc. Method for cleaning food preparation surfaces
US5858941A (en) * 1997-05-12 1999-01-12 Ecolab Inc. Compositions and method for removal of oils and fats from food preparation surfaces
AU727794B2 (en) * 1997-05-12 2000-12-21 Ecolab Inc. Compositions and methods for removal of oils & fats from food preparation surfaces
JP2002508789A (ja) * 1997-05-12 2002-03-19 エコラボ インク 食品調理器の表面からの油および脂肪を除去するための組成物および方法
WO2001059055A1 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Reinigungsmittel
WO2004076034A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-09-10 Vandine Robert W Gas scrubbing reagent and methods for using same
JP2014132063A (ja) * 2012-12-07 2014-07-17 Kao Corp 硬質表面用液体洗浄剤組成物
CN104479894A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2015-04-01 苏州佑君环境科技有限公司 一种水产物检测洗净剂及其制备方法
CN107921703A (zh) * 2015-08-14 2018-04-17 斯特拉塔西斯公司 清洁组合物
EP3334590A4 (en) * 2015-08-14 2019-06-12 Stratasys Ltd. CLEANING COMPOSITION
US11167499B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2021-11-09 Stratasys Ltd. Cleaning composition
US11207839B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2021-12-28 Stratasys Ltd. Support material formulation and additive manufacturing processes employing same
US11850802B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2023-12-26 Stratasys Ltd. Support material formulation and additive manufacturing processes employing same
US12233606B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2025-02-25 Stratasys Ltd. Support material formulation and additive manufacturing processes employing same
IT201700000450A1 (it) * 2017-01-03 2018-07-03 Pietro Chieco "composizione per la pulizia di superfici di materiali lapidei"
WO2018127941A1 (en) * 2017-01-03 2018-07-12 CHIECO, Giancarlo Composition for the cleaning of stone material surfaces
GB2575988A (en) * 2018-07-30 2020-02-05 Kingspan Holdings Irl Ltd Phenolic foam and method of manufacture thereof
GB2575988B (en) * 2018-07-30 2020-07-22 Kingspan Holdings Irl Ltd Phenolic foam and method of manufacture thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO942341L (no) 1995-12-21
NO942341D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1994-06-20
AU2809895A (en) 1996-01-15

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