WO1995028076A1

WO1995028076A1 - Soil working device

Info

Publication number: WO1995028076A1
Application number: PCT/EP1995/001370
Authority: WO
Inventors: Reinhold Straus
Original assignee: Lobbe Xenex Gmbh Gesellschaft Zur Biotechnischen Schadstoffsanierung Mbh
Priority date: 1994-04-16
Filing date: 1995-04-12
Publication date: 1995-10-26
Also published as: DE4413289C2; DE4413289A1

Abstract

A soil working device (1) is disclosed with a travelling unit on which is mounted a chain cutter (30a). The chain cutter (30a) is connected to the travelling unit (3) via a four-bar linkage (10) with which a first actuating device (18) for raising and lowering the chain cutter (30a) engages. One element of the four-bar linkage (10) is designed as a second actuating device (15) for moving the chain cutter (30a) through an angle of ±α about the vertical. The actuating devices (15, 18) can be controlled independently of each other. The chain drive wheel (31) is mounted in a hinge point of the four-bar linkage (10), which is a parallelogram linkage, and a frame (36) which supports the guiding wheel (32) is mounted so as to swing freely. The tools (35) are independent of the direction of rotation.

Description

Tillage implement

Description:

The invention relates to a soil tillage implement with a mobile device to which a chain cutter is attached, which has a chain drive wheel provided with a drive device and a guide wheel pivotable about the horizontal axis of the chain drive wheel, via which a chain equipped with tools rotates .

Such devices are known as trenchers, with which excavation is carried out in the form of a trench. The trencher is pivoted at the rear end of a vehicle about the axis of the chain drive wheel, so that the trencher can be moved from a rest position into a working position and vice versa. In the working position, the trencher engages in the ground in an inclined position, the guide wheel being pivoted away from the vehicle. The chain milling machine is thus inclined in the working position against the direction of travel. Swiveling the idler wheel towards the vehicle is not possible.

In order to move to the rest position, the trencher is only pivoted upwards about the pivot axis until the guide wheel is above the surface of the earth. The tools are designed in such a way that the soil is ejected from the trench, for which additional devices are sometimes required.

A similar tiller is known for example from DE-OS 2849886, in which the work trees are pivoted about an axis which is above of the drive wheel. This means that when the angle of inclination of the working tree changes, the depth of penetration into the ground is also changed considerably.

The utility model G 8703393 describes a tillage device for agriculture which has a tine rotor which only throws the captured soil and vegetable fiber material backwards in the surface area with mixing and comminution. The height of the tine rotor is adjusted by means of a three-point linkage, which consists of two lower links and an upper link, and can be coupled to a vehicle in a manner known per se in terms of height or lifting. To further support the height of the tillage implement during ground work, support roller wheels or support wheels are also provided in front of the tine rotor and runners arranged on the side parts of the rotor housing behind the tine rotor, each of which is held adjustable in height.

Trenchers of this type are not suitable for soil cultivation as part of the decontamination of contaminated soils.

When it comes to soil decontamination, the soil condition and the possibility of spreading microorganisms and nutrients play an important role in achieving high degradation rates.

Different methods are known with which the introduction of microorganisms or of nutrients or a suspension containing these materials is carried out in a contaminated soil in order to naturally break down the pollutants contained in the soil in a microbiological manner.

For this it is necessary to prepare the soil accordingly so that it is loosened, loosened and mixed homogeneously. For this mechanical preparation of the contaminated soil and its preparation for the introduction of Microorganisms are used in soil cultivation equipment or miliation equipment, which can work in different ways.

From DE 38 18 398 AI, a soil swirling device is known which has a row of milling cutter disks on an axis extending transversely to the advancing direction. The direction of rotation of the rotary cutter discs is selected with respect to the feed direction so that the whirled up soil is transported backwards via the rotary cutter discs. The depth of penetration of the milling cutter discs is small compared to the diameter.

Compact tillage implements with a large depth of penetration, the soil only being loosened and not excavated, are not known on the basis of trench cutters.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a soil cultivation device with which continuous, homogeneous mixing of the contaminated soil is possible, empty runs or a complex turning operation being avoided.

This object is achieved with a soil cultivation device in which the chain cutter is connected to the mobile device via a four-bar linkage, on which a first actuating device for lifting and lowering the chain router, and one element of the four-bar linkage acts as a second actuating device for pivoting the chain router is formed at an inclination angle + from the vertical.

The advantage of the soil tillage implement is that it is possible to adjust the height at a constant angle of inclination and to change the angle of inclination a at a predetermined penetration depth. This allows greater flexibility with regard to the alignment of the chain milling machine than is the case with known tillage implements. When processing contaminated soils, an inclination of the chain cutter in the direction of travel is preferred, with the direction of rotation of the chain being selected so that the soil is transported overhead backwards. This means that no material is piled up in front of the chain cutter in the direction of travel and the trench that is created is immediately filled up with loosened soil.

Since organic beds are usually processed in strips, conventional soil cultivation equipment must be turned or moved at the end of the strip. In the case of the soil tillage implement according to the invention, in these cases only the chain milling machine needs to be pivoted again in the direction of travel and the direction of rotation of the chain changed. For this purpose, the tools are preferably designed to be independent of the direction of rotation and have e.g. Bridges or rods.

Another advantage of the chain milling machine is the only slight horizontal displacement of the organic bed, even with a large draft.

In order to be able to take advantage of these advantages when processing organic beds, the mobile device is preferably a gantry crane, the four-bar linkage being attached to the trolley. It is also possible to attach the chain milling machine to an agricultural tractor via the three-point linkage that is usually present, the first actuating device forming the lifting and lowering device of the agricultural tractor. In this version, the chain drive wheel is preferably driven via the PTO of the agricultural tractor.

Another preferred drive device is a hydraulic motor arranged in the chain drive wheel, which is driven with pressure medium by a pump located on the mobile device.

The quadrilateral joint forms a rectangle and is preferably a parallelogram linkage which is oriented essentially horizontally and has as one element a swivel arm which swivels out of the horizontal by an angle β ₂ . is kbar. With respect to the horizontal, ß _{x means} the swivel angle downwards and ß ₂ the swivel angle upwards. Both angles ß ß ₂ can be the same or different, which depends on the type of mobile device and the length of the chain cutter.

The first actuating device preferably engages the swivel arm and advantageously consists of at least one first pressure cylinder. In this embodiment, the first pressure cylinder is articulated at one end to an upwardly projecting lever attached to the swivel arm and at the other end to the mobile device. The lever can be attached adjacent to the end of the swivel arm articulated on the mobile device.

The first pressure cylinder is preferably arranged horizontally to the quadrilateral joint, whereby a compact arrangement of the entire adjusting device is achieved.

The chain drive wheel is arranged in an articulation point of the articulated quadrilateral and a frame carrying the idler wheel is freely oscillating in this articulation point. An extension extending upward above the chain drive wheel is provided on the frame and forms an element of the four-bar linkage. At the free end of the extension, the second actuating device acts, which preferably also comprises at least one pressure cylinder. This is arranged between two articulation points of the quadrilateral joint and preferably extends over the length of the quadrilateral joint.

Due to the flexible adjustment options, the height and angle of inclination can also be adjusted during operation, so that special floor shapes can be moved and processed. If, for example, organic beds are heaped up in halls, soil cultivation can also be carried out in a simple manner in the wall area of the hall by appropriate control of the actuating devices. The idler wheel is preferably mounted longitudinally displaceably on the frame and is not provided with a chain tensioning device, so that the sagging chain can be tensioned when worn.

Furthermore, a device for feeding substances in liquid and / or solid form into the processed soil is preferably provided.

Exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a side view of the tillage implement,

FIG. 2 shows a partial section of the tillage device shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a side view of the tillage implement during work,

4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a and 7b different embodiments of the tools,

Figure 8 is a side view of a tillage implement according to another embodiment and

FIG. 9 shows the rear view of the tillage implement shown in FIG. 8.

1 shows a soil cultivation device 1, the mobile device 3 being formed by a gantry crane, of which only the main frame 60 and the trolley 61 are shown. The trolley 61 has Rollers 62, which rest on the main frame 60 designed as a double-T beam. With the help of the cylinder 63, the trolley 61 is clamped against the stop 64 after reaching the desired position.

On the trolley 61, a four-bar linkage 10 is attached, which carries the chain milling machine 30.

The four-bar linkage 10 has a pivot arm 11 which is pivotally attached to the trolley 61 at the pivot point 12a. At the other end of the swivel arm 11 in the articulation point 12b, the chain drive wheel 31 of the chain milling machine 30 is arranged and a frame 36, which carries the guide wheel 32, is freely oscillating. Provided on the frame 36 is an upwardly extending extension 13, which is connected at its free end at the articulation point 12c to the second actuating device, which in the illustration shown here is a pressure cylinder 15. This is articulated at the other end in the articulation point 12d to an element 14 of the four-bar linkage, this element 14 being rigidly attached to the trolley 61.

The pivot arm 11 has a lever 17 adjacent to the articulation point 12a, to which the first actuating device 18, which is also a pressure cylinder, is articulated. The other end of the pressure cylinder 18 is pivotally attached to the trolley 61. In the illustration shown here, the pressure cylinder 18 is arranged essentially horizontally, so that a compact arrangement is achieved.

By actuating the pressure cylinder 18, the swivel arm 11 and thus the entire four-bar linkage 10 is pivoted downwards by an angle β from the horizontal or upwards by an angle β ₂ . By using a four-bar linkage, the angle of inclination α of the chain milling machine 30 remains unchanged during the lifting or lowering process. The angle of inclination is set by means of the second actuating device 15. When the pressure cylinder 15 is extended, the broken line position of the chain milling machine 30 is assumed. A pivoting in the opposite direction by the angle o; is achieved by contracting the pressure cylinder 15. It is thus also possible to set the angle of inclination independently of the height adjustment by means of the first actuating device 18. Both pressure cylinders 15 and 18 can also be actuated independently and simultaneously from one another during the machining process, so that special soil formations can be traversed.

In the case of the chain milling machine 30, in the embodiment shown here, the chain drive wheel 31, which can be a Turas, and the guide wheel 32 have approximately the same effective diameter. A chain 33, which is equipped with tools 35, runs over the two chain wheels 31, 32, these tools being designed to be independent of the direction of rotation, as will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

A chain tensioning device 34 is arranged on the frame 36, by means of which tensioning is possible when the chain is worn.

FIG. 2 shows a partial section of the tillage device 1 shown in FIG. 1. The lever arm 11 is provided at the hinge point 12b with a bearing receptacle 21 and a bearing 19 on which the bearing guide 20 of the frame 36 is pivotably mounted. The bearing holder 21 has a fuse 22 towards the inside of the drive. A drive device for the chain drive wheel 31 in the form of a hydraulic motor 6 is arranged inside the bearing holder. The feed lines to the hydraulic motor are not shown.

The idler wheel 32 is attached to the frame 36 so as to be longitudinally displaceable, so that the tensioning of the chain 33 is possible via the tensioning device 34 which is attached to the frame 36. The penetration depth F of the chain cutter 30 is slightly smaller than the clearance F ₂ , which is formed by the distance between the swivel arm 11 and the lower tools 35.

In FIG. 3, the tillage implement 1 is shown in operation. The direction of travel is indicated by the arrow pointing to the left and the direction of rotation of the chain 33 by the arrow pointing upwards.

The chain milling machine 30 is in the lowered position, in which the printing cylinder 18 is completely retracted. The chain milling machine 30 is in the direction of travel by actuating the pressure cylinder 15 by the angle of inclination. inclined. By pivoting the chain milling machine 30, the shape of the four-bar linkage has changed.

Because of the inclination by the angle, the soil crumbled by the tools 35 is picked up in the chambers between the tools 35 and transported upside down, where it is thrown off into the free space created. The loosened soil is sprayed out of the chambers between the tools 35 by means of a spray nozzle 40, which is part of a spray device, not shown, for example with microorganisms or nutrients or suspensions containing these materials.

Various designs of the tools 35 are shown in FIGS. 4a to 6b. In FIGS. 4 a, b, the tools 35 have webs 37 arranged transversely, one web alternating with two webs 37 arranged side by side in the chain longitudinal direction. The tools 35 are designed so that they have free spaces 41 so that suspensions or solid substances can be introduced through the chain into the soil in front of the chain 33 by means of the spray nozzle arranged behind the chain 33. FIGS. 5 a, b show tools 35 which have rods 38. As can be seen from FIG. 5b, the U-shaped shape of the tools 35 corresponds to that of the illustration shown in FIG. 4b. The bars 38 are arranged alternately.

Continuous webs 37 are shown in FIGS. 6 a, b. All tools described are independent of the direction of rotation.

In contrast, the tools 35 according to FIGS. 7 a, b are only suitable for one direction of rotation. The tools 35 are designed as goose foot shares. With them, a more intensive working method and higher area coverage can be achieved than is possible with the tools 35, which are independent of the direction of rotation. They are preferably used for agricultural tractors according to FIG. 8. On the other hand, the tools 35, which are independent of the direction of rotation, achieve a stronger crumbling effect.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which the chain milling machine 30 is attached to an agricultural tractor 50. The drive takes place via the PTO shaft 7 on a hydraulic pump 65, which in turn drives the two hydraulic motors 6a and 6b according to FIG. 9 via an oil, inlet and return line. A one-sided drive is therefore not possible because, under these conditions, excessive torsional forces would occur during the transmission of power from the driven to the non-driven chain side via the tool plates 35. In such a case, the chain drive wheels would have to be coupled mechanically.

According to FIGS. 8 and 9, the element 14 consists of a cross frame, which has receiving joints for the 3-point suspension on the tractor side, whereby an approximately parallel height adjustment of the milling cutter is possible. Here, the lifting cylinder integrated in the tractor takes over the function of the first pressure cylinder 18 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. On the side facing away from the tractor are the swivel bearing receiving arms 66, which receive the chain milling drives 67a and b with chains. The chain milling drives 67a and b are coupled to one another by screwing on the tools 35, which are matched to commercially available tractor widths.

The depth of penetration F _a results in the vertical position of the milling cutter in the lowest position of the chain milling machine 30b and the depth of penetration F _b results in the inclination angle +, which is achieved by appropriate adjustment of the pressure cylinder 15.

Claims

1. Soil cultivation device with a mobile device to which a chain cutter is fastened, which has a drive wheel provided with a drive device and a guide wheel pivotable about the horizontal axis of the chain drive wheel, over which a chain equipped with tools rotates,

characterized,

that the chain milling machine (30, 30a, b) is connected to the mobile device (3) via an articulated quadrilateral (10) on which a first actuating device (18) acts to raise and lower the chain milling machine (30, 30a, b) , and

that an element of the four-bar linkage (10) is designed as a second actuating device (15) for pivoting the chain milling machine (30a, b) by an angle of inclination ± a from the vertical.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating devices (15, 18) can be controlled independently of one another.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the articulated quadrilateral (10) is a parallelogram linkage.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the chain drive wheel (31) is arranged in a hinge point (12b) of the hinge quadrilateral (10) and a frame (36) carrying the guide wheel (32) is freely oscillating.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame (36) has an extension (13) extending beyond the chain drive wheel (31), and

that the extension (13) forms an element of the quadrilateral joint (10).

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first actuating device (18) on the as a swivel arm (11) educates th element of the four-bar linkage (10).

7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the swivel arm (11) by swivel angle ß ß ₂ is pivotable from the horizontal.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first actuating device (18) has at least a first pressure cylinder, which at one end on an attached to the swivel arm, upwardly projecting lever (17) and at the other end at the mobile device (3) is articulated.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the lever (17) is attached adjacent to the articulated on the mobile device (3) end of the swivel arm (11).

10. Device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the first pressure cylinder (18) is arranged substantially horizontally to the articulated quadrilateral (10).

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the second actuating device (15) has at least one pressure cylinder which is arranged between two hinge points (12c, d) and extends over the length of the four-bar linkage (10).

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mobile device (3) is a tractor (50).

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first actuating device (18) is a lifting and swiveling device of the agricultural tractor (50).

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first actuating device (18) on an element (14) of the articulated quadrilateral (10) is articulated.

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mobile device (3) is a gantry crane and that the four-bar linkage (10) is articulated on the trolley (61) of the gantry crane.

16. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the drive device (5) has a hydraulic motor (6) arranged in the chain drive wheel (31).

17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the chain drive wheels (31) from the PTO shaft (7) of the agricultural tractor (50) can be driven.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the chain drive wheels (31) can be driven by a PTO-driven hydraulic pump (65).

19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the guide wheel (32) is mounted for longitudinal displacement on the frame (36) and is provided with a chain tensioning device (34).

20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the tools (35) are designed independent of the direction of rotation.

21. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the tools (35) have webs (37) or rods (38).

22. Device according to one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that two pivot bearing receptacles (66) are attached to the element (14).

23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a device for supplying substances in liquid and / or solid form is provided in the soil to be worked or worked.