WO1995024519A1 - Electrolytic apparatus - Google Patents

Electrolytic apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995024519A1
WO1995024519A1 PCT/NZ1995/000026 NZ9500026W WO9524519A1 WO 1995024519 A1 WO1995024519 A1 WO 1995024519A1 NZ 9500026 W NZ9500026 W NZ 9500026W WO 9524519 A1 WO9524519 A1 WO 9524519A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
pressure cell
outer shell
gas
electrolytic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ1995/000026
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John Daniel Christian
Original Assignee
Aquagas New Zealand Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aquagas New Zealand Limited filed Critical Aquagas New Zealand Limited
Priority to US08/702,707 priority Critical patent/US5858185A/en
Priority to EP95910823A priority patent/EP0753084A4/en
Priority to JP7523388A priority patent/JPH10500173A/en
Priority to AU18642/95A priority patent/AU684138B2/en
Publication of WO1995024519A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995024519A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/05—Pressure cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the provision of electrolytic apparatus and, in particular, although not necessarily solely, electrolytic apparatus suitable for welding.
  • membranes often comprise silk, polyester woven cloth or a variety of other plastic membranes between adjacent electrode plates that allow charge to transfer from one plate to another and yet inhibit the free flow of gas bubbles within the solution.
  • Gas produced from concentric cylindrical electrodes may be used in its mixed form as produced
  • a further problem encountered with such welding apparatus is that the generation of hydrogen and oxygen by the hydrolysis process causes some saturated water vapour to leave the generating cells with the gases. This may typically be a value of say three percent by volume and in the case of combustion such as is required with welding apparatus, the saturated water vapour may have the effect of reducing the flame temperature from 3000°C to 2,500°C.
  • the saturated water vapour within the generated gas can also provide other problems such as condensation in reticulation systems and corrosion of safety devices.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET an electrolytic cell which overcomes many of the disadvantages of the prior art and provides advantages unknown so far. It is also an object of the invention to at least provide the public with a useful choice.
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a cell for electrolytic apparatus wherein said cell is a pressure cell containing a plurality of concentric cylindrical electrodes spaced apart by insulators and at least one end plate provided at an end of said concentric cylinders and including apertures to permit fluid and gas flow between said cylinders; and wherein said pressure cell comprises a cylindrical outer shell having planar transverse end plates connected at or adjacent opposed ends of said cylindrical outer shell.
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a gas drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber; an inlet valve into said drying chamber wherein said drying chamber is of greater cross section than an aperture of said value and wherein said drying chamber further includes a stranded condensation surface which will allow gas to pass through apertures between strands of said surface and the strands of the surface providing a surface area for the condensation of the water vapour.
  • Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation through a pressure cell in accordance with one embodiment of this apparatus
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the pressure cell of
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET Figure 3 is a cross sectional elevation through cross section D-D of Figure 2 and omitting the electrolytic cylinders for clarity;
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross sectional elevation showing detail A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a partial cross sectional view of detail B of Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 is a cross sectional view through a gas drying apparatus in accordance with a further embodiment of this invention.
  • one aspect of this invention comprises a pressure cell 1 containing an electrolytic apparatus in the form of a series of concentric cylinders 2 nested within each other.
  • the cylinders 2 act as electrodes within the electrolytic cell and an electrolyte such as potassium hydroxide may be used in conjunction with the cylinders.
  • the inner most cylinder 3 and the outer most cylinder 4 may act as the external electrodes for the apparatus.
  • the internal cylinder 3 is connected via connecting bolt 6 to the outside of the pressure cell to provide this electrode with a connection point external of the pressure cylinder.
  • the pressure cell 1 is designed to withstand internal pressures in the order of 1000 PSIG even though the normal operating pressure of the cell itself is only in the order of 20 to 45 PSIG with a maximum working pressure of 50 PSIG.
  • a cell designed to meet British standard 5500 is suitable.
  • the concentric cylinders should be
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET equally spaced apart by insulating members and provided with end caps on the electrodes 7 and 8 which support the electrodes and inhibit the flow of fluid from within each cell between adjacent cylinders to any cell other than the directly adjacent cell. This may be provided by the provision of channels and baffles within an end cap 8 to provide the maximum flow path throughout the apparatus as a whole and prevent the short circuiting of flow between non adjacent cells.
  • the outer shell 4 may be constructed from schedule 20 steel pipe and the end plates 11 and 12 constructed from steel boiler plate such as 25 mm thick boiler plate or, preferably, at least a thickness of greater than 20 mm.
  • the pressure cell must also accommodate filler points 16 and other sockets 17 for inlets and outlets into the pressure vessel itself. These must also accommodate the pressures exerted by ignition within the cell to ensure that the sockets themselves do not detach in such a circumstance.
  • end plates such as end plate 12 may be placed within the confines of the outer casing 4 adjacent to the end 14.
  • a welded connection 18 may be provided to connect the end plate 12 to the wall 4 of the pressure cylinder 1. It has been found that a weld to approximately half the depth of the end plate 12 will operate satisfactorily in maintaining a connection between the cylinder wall 4 and the end plate 12 even upon ignition within the pressure cell.
  • heavy duty sockets to accommodate filling of the pressure vessel may also be provided with welded connections 19 about the entire circumference of the socket 16 to provide a secure connection between the socket 16 and the wall 4 of the pressure vessel 1.
  • the potassium hydroxide used as an electrolyte is corrosive and to avoid degradation of the steel components, steel nickel plating may be provided throughout. Alternatively, some special grades of stainless steel may also suit. The provision of the steel nickel plating not only inhibits corrosion from the potassium hydroxide but also aids in electrical conduction.
  • the insulating components within the cell or any other non metallic components used within or in conjunction with the cell may be constructed from high molecular weight polyethylene and, more preferably, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or nylon 11.
  • a concentric cell of this type is capable of high efficiency gas generation.
  • an input of 34 volts and 250 amps has a theoretical gas production of 4 cubic metres per hour. This is on a specific plate area and other constraints determining the theoretical production of the cell. In practice, an actual production of 3.6 cubic metres per hour has been possible.
  • a gas drying apparatus is provided as shown in Figure 6.
  • the hydrogen and oxygen mixture from the electrolysis is provided through a supply pipe or similar 21 through an inlet valve or nozzle 22 to the drying chamber 23.
  • the use of a high velocity increase in the gas via the small aperture provided in the valve 22 and the outlet to the much larger chamber 23 will cause condensation of much of the water vapour contained within the gas stream.
  • drying chamber 23 can contain a stranded condensation surface 24 intermediate of the inlet 22 and the outlet 25 from the drying
  • This stranded condensation surface 24 will provide further cooling and a surface on which the heavy water molecules can collect and thereby provide further drying of the gas as it moves through the chamber 23.
  • the stranded condensation surface 24 may be a fibrous artificial wool and a stainless steel wool has been found to be particularly suitable. Amongst other advantages, the stainless steel wool will not corrode in the gas stream and also provides a function as a flame arrester as an additional safety point. Condensation collected within the drying chamber 23 may be drained through the drain 26 to a conventional water collection tank 27. The water so collected may then be returned through an outlet 28 to the remainder of the apparatus for further electrolysis.
  • the drying chamber 23 may comprise a pressure vessel constructed to British standard 5500 to accommodate ignition of the gas within the cell.
  • the pressure cell 23 may be of any convenient shape including a dome ended pressure cell.
  • a pressure cell for the housing of the electrolytic apparatus which may conform to British standard 5500 and accommodate potential ignition within the pressure cell while providing planar transverse ends to the pressure cell for the easy accommodation of the concentric cylinders arranged as part of the cell apparatus.
  • a gas drying apparatus is provided to remove water vapour from the resultant gas stream to improve the operation of the apparatus in its preferred intended use as a welding apparatus.

Abstract

This invention provides a pressure cell for an electrolytic apparatus having an outer shell and welded planar end plates on the cylindrical outer shell. The cylindrical nature of the pressure cell together with the planar end plates provides a convenient apparatus for the housing of concentric cylindrical electrodes for the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis in a mixed form with the pressure cell being able to withstand ignition of the hydrogen and oxygen mix within the cell. The invention also provides for a gas drying apparatus using an artificial wool such as stainless steel wool within an expansion chamber to both dry the gas and additionally as a flame arrester.

Description

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS
BACKGROUND
(i) FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the provision of electrolytic apparatus and, in particular, although not necessarily solely, electrolytic apparatus suitable for welding.
(ii) DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Conventional electrolytic apparatus has been made to manufacture hydrogen and oxygen from water. One use of such hydrogen oxygen production is in welding equipment to replace the convention oxyacetylene mixture for gas welding. Many other uses of the hydrogen oxygen will be apparent to those skilled in the art. However, the provision of welding equipment based on the hydrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen can have special problems.
Existing prior art hydrolysis equipment has included conventional horse shoe cells as well as cells utilising plates within a generally rectangular cell and the use of membranes between
SUBSTITUTE SHEET the plates such that the hydrogen and oxygen are separated within the cell. Such membranes often comprise silk, polyester woven cloth or a variety of other plastic membranes between adjacent electrode plates that allow charge to transfer from one plate to another and yet inhibit the free flow of gas bubbles within the solution.
The use of such cells allows the separation of the hydrogen and oxygen from its point of formation and the hydrogen and oxygen may be maintained in separate conduits throughout the apparatus until its necessary combination at the head of the welder or similar apparatus.
The use of such technology involves complex manufacture in the use of the impermeable membranes, a greater degree of maintenance and also less efficient gas production than other configurations. In particular, the use of concentric cylindrical electrodes within a cell allows more efficient gas production, however, there are manufacturing difficulties in providing impermeable membranes or other separators to avoid the production of a mixed hydrogen and oxygen gas within the cell.
Gas produced from concentric cylindrical electrodes may be used in its mixed form as produced
SUBSTITUTE SHEET or later separated into hydrogen and oxygen components. In either case, it is difficult to avoid the production of the mixed hydrogen and oxygen gas within the cell itself. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate adequate safety measures against explosion of the volatile hydrogen and oxygen mix within the cell should a fault cause ignition to occur within the cell.
A further problem encountered with such welding apparatus is that the generation of hydrogen and oxygen by the hydrolysis process causes some saturated water vapour to leave the generating cells with the gases. This may typically be a value of say three percent by volume and in the case of combustion such as is required with welding apparatus, the saturated water vapour may have the effect of reducing the flame temperature from 3000°C to 2,500°C. The saturated water vapour within the generated gas can also provide other problems such as condensation in reticulation systems and corrosion of safety devices.
(iii) OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cell for the containment of
SUBSTITUTE SHEET an electrolytic cell which overcomes many of the disadvantages of the prior art and provides advantages unknown so far. It is also an object of the invention to at least provide the public with a useful choice.
Furthermore, it is an object of at least an aspect of the invention to provide a gas drying apparatus which overcomes many of the disadvantages of the prior art and provides advantages unknown so far. It is also an object of the invention to provide the public with a useful choice.
(iv) SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention may broadly be said to consist in a cell for electrolytic apparatus wherein said cell is a pressure cell containing a plurality of concentric cylindrical electrodes spaced apart by insulators and at least one end plate provided at an end of said concentric cylinders and including apertures to permit fluid and gas flow between said cylinders; and wherein said pressure cell comprises a cylindrical outer shell having planar transverse end plates connected at or adjacent opposed ends of said cylindrical outer shell.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET In a further aspect, the invention may broadly be said to consist in a gas drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber; an inlet valve into said drying chamber wherein said drying chamber is of greater cross section than an aperture of said value and wherein said drying chamber further includes a stranded condensation surface which will allow gas to pass through apertures between strands of said surface and the strands of the surface providing a surface area for the condensation of the water vapour.
Other aspects of this invention which should be considered novel will become apparent from the following description.
(V) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described with reference to the following drawings in which: Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation through a pressure cell in accordance with one embodiment of this apparatus; Figure 2 is a plan view of the pressure cell of
Figure 1;
SUBSTITUTE SHEET Figure 3 is a cross sectional elevation through cross section D-D of Figure 2 and omitting the electrolytic cylinders for clarity;
Figure 4 is a partial cross sectional elevation showing detail A of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a partial cross sectional view of detail B of Figure 2; and
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view through a gas drying apparatus in accordance with a further embodiment of this invention.
(vi) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawings, one aspect of this invention comprises a pressure cell 1 containing an electrolytic apparatus in the form of a series of concentric cylinders 2 nested within each other. The cylinders 2 act as electrodes within the electrolytic cell and an electrolyte such as potassium hydroxide may be used in conjunction with the cylinders. The inner most cylinder 3 and the outer most cylinder 4 may act as the external electrodes for the apparatus. As can be seen in Figure 1, the internal cylinder 3 is connected via connecting bolt 6 to the outside of the pressure cell to provide this electrode with a connection point external of the pressure cylinder.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET. When electrolytic apparatus of this type is used for the production of hydrogen and oxygen for subsequent combustion as in welding apparatus or the like, safety measures must be incorporated to ensure that the apparatus does not explode from ignition within the electrolytic cell itself. In most forms this would be through the provision of a number of safety devices to prevent ignition within the electrolytic cell. In apparatus of the type of the present invention, this may be difficult to achieve or expensive. The invention is based on a different, and even reversed, approach to the problem. This approach is to prevent a fault ignition causing any damage rather than to prevent ignition itself to occur. Therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a pressure cell which can safely contain ignition within the pressure cell itself. To this end, the pressure cell 1 is designed to withstand internal pressures in the order of 1000 PSIG even though the normal operating pressure of the cell itself is only in the order of 20 to 45 PSIG with a maximum working pressure of 50 PSIG. A cell designed to meet British standard 5500 is suitable.
For the electrolytic cell to operate efficiently, the concentric cylinders should be
SUBSTITUTE SHEET. equally spaced apart by insulating members and provided with end caps on the electrodes 7 and 8 which support the electrodes and inhibit the flow of fluid from within each cell between adjacent cylinders to any cell other than the directly adjacent cell. This may be provided by the provision of channels and baffles within an end cap 8 to provide the maximum flow path throughout the apparatus as a whole and prevent the short circuiting of flow between non adjacent cells.
To provide such an arrangement, it is necessary to provide an outer pressure cell 1 which provides planar transverse end plates as opposed to the conventional dome shaped ends on conventional pressure cells. These end plates 11 and 12 may be mounted adjacent ends 13 and 14 respectively of the outer shell 4 of the pressure cell 1.
To accommodate the pressures possible following ignition within the pressure cell 1, the outer shell 4 may be constructed from schedule 20 steel pipe and the end plates 11 and 12 constructed from steel boiler plate such as 25 mm thick boiler plate or, preferably, at least a thickness of greater than 20 mm.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the pressure cell must also accommodate filler points 16 and other sockets 17 for inlets and outlets into the pressure vessel itself. These must also accommodate the pressures exerted by ignition within the cell to ensure that the sockets themselves do not detach in such a circumstance.
Referring specifically to Figure 4, the end plates such as end plate 12 may be placed within the confines of the outer casing 4 adjacent to the end 14. A welded connection 18 may be provided to connect the end plate 12 to the wall 4 of the pressure cylinder 1. It has been found that a weld to approximately half the depth of the end plate 12 will operate satisfactorily in maintaining a connection between the cylinder wall 4 and the end plate 12 even upon ignition within the pressure cell.
Referring to Figure 5, heavy duty sockets to accommodate filling of the pressure vessel may also be provided with welded connections 19 about the entire circumference of the socket 16 to provide a secure connection between the socket 16 and the wall 4 of the pressure vessel 1.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET Within the electrolytic cell, the potassium hydroxide used as an electrolyte is corrosive and to avoid degradation of the steel components, steel nickel plating may be provided throughout. Alternatively, some special grades of stainless steel may also suit. The provision of the steel nickel plating not only inhibits corrosion from the potassium hydroxide but also aids in electrical conduction.
The insulating components within the cell or any other non metallic components used within or in conjunction with the cell may be constructed from high molecular weight polyethylene and, more preferably, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or nylon 11.
A concentric cell of this type is capable of high efficiency gas generation. On a typical cell constructed in accordance with this invention, an input of 34 volts and 250 amps has a theoretical gas production of 4 cubic metres per hour. This is on a specific plate area and other constraints determining the theoretical production of the cell. In practice, an actual production of 3.6 cubic metres per hour has been possible.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET. Such an example of gas generation is repeated on a similar cell at different currents and it has been found that an input current of 200 amps provides a theoretical production of 3.2 cubic metres per hour and an actual production of 2.88 cubic metres per hour.
Thus it can be seen that the actual production from cells in this arrangement can be excess of 90 percent of the theoretical gas production calculated on plate areas, etc.
In another aspect of this invention, a gas drying apparatus is provided as shown in Figure 6.
The hydrogen and oxygen mixture from the electrolysis is provided through a supply pipe or similar 21 through an inlet valve or nozzle 22 to the drying chamber 23. The use of a high velocity increase in the gas via the small aperture provided in the valve 22 and the outlet to the much larger chamber 23 will cause condensation of much of the water vapour contained within the gas stream.
In addition, the drying chamber 23 can contain a stranded condensation surface 24 intermediate of the inlet 22 and the outlet 25 from the drying
SUBSTITUTE SHEET chamber 23. This stranded condensation surface 24 will provide further cooling and a surface on which the heavy water molecules can collect and thereby provide further drying of the gas as it moves through the chamber 23.
The stranded condensation surface 24 may be a fibrous artificial wool and a stainless steel wool has been found to be particularly suitable. Amongst other advantages, the stainless steel wool will not corrode in the gas stream and also provides a function as a flame arrester as an additional safety point. Condensation collected within the drying chamber 23 may be drained through the drain 26 to a conventional water collection tank 27. The water so collected may then be returned through an outlet 28 to the remainder of the apparatus for further electrolysis.
In keeping with the electrolytic cells themselves, the drying chamber 23 may comprise a pressure vessel constructed to British standard 5500 to accommodate ignition of the gas within the cell. In this instance, the pressure cell 23 may be of any convenient shape including a dome ended pressure cell.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET, Thus it can be seen that a pressure cell for the housing of the electrolytic apparatus is provided which may conform to British standard 5500 and accommodate potential ignition within the pressure cell while providing planar transverse ends to the pressure cell for the easy accommodation of the concentric cylinders arranged as part of the cell apparatus.
Furthermore, a gas drying apparatus is provided to remove water vapour from the resultant gas stream to improve the operation of the apparatus in its preferred intended use as a welding apparatus.
Where in the foregoing description, reference has been made to specific components or integers of the invention having known equivalents, then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.
Although this invention has been described by way of example and with reference to possible embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that modifications or improvements may be made thereto without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims

1. A cell for electrolytic apparatus; and wherein said cell is a pressure cell containing a plurality of concentric cylindrical electrodes spaced apart by insulators and at least one end plate provided at an end of said concentric cylinders and including apertures to permit fluid and gas flow between said cylinders; and wherein said pressure cell comprises a cylindrical outer shell having planar transverse end plates connected at or adjacent opposed ends of said cylindrical outer shell.
2. A pressure cell for electrolytic apparatus as claimed in claim 1 said cylindrical outer shell and end plates are made from steel.
3. A pressure cell for electrolytic apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said end plates are positioned slightly within said outer shell and welded into connection with said outer shell.
4. A pressure cell for electrolytic apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said cylindrical
SUBSTITUTE SHEET outer shell comprises a length of schedule 20 steel pipe.
5. Pressure cell for electrolytic apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said end plates comprise steel plate of a thickness greater than or equal to 20 mm.
6. A pressure cell for electrolytic apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said end plates are welded to said outer shell to a depth of substantially half the thickness of said end plate.
7. A gas drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber; an inlet valve into said drying chamber wherein said drying chamber is of greater cross section than an aperture of said valve and wherein said drying chamber further includes a stranded condensation surface which will allow gas to pass through apertures between strands of said surface and wherein the strands of the surface providing a surface area for the condensation of the water vapour.
8. A gas drying apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said stranded condensation surface comprises a fibrous artificial wood.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
9. A gas drying apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said artificial wood comprises stainless steel wool.
10. A gas drying apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said stranded condensation surface additionally acts as a flame arrester.
11. A pressure cell for electrolytic substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
12. A gas drying apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
PCT/NZ1995/000026 1994-03-08 1995-03-08 Electrolytic apparatus WO1995024519A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/702,707 US5858185A (en) 1994-03-08 1995-03-08 Electrolytic apparatus
EP95910823A EP0753084A4 (en) 1994-03-08 1995-03-08 Electrolytic apparatus
JP7523388A JPH10500173A (en) 1994-03-08 1995-03-08 Electrolysis equipment
AU18642/95A AU684138B2 (en) 1994-03-08 1995-03-08 Electrolytic apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ260051 1994-03-08
NZ26005194 1994-03-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995024519A1 true WO1995024519A1 (en) 1995-09-14

Family

ID=19924713

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NZ1995/000026 WO1995024519A1 (en) 1994-03-08 1995-03-08 Electrolytic apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5858185A (en)
EP (1) EP0753084A4 (en)
JP (1) JPH10500173A (en)
CN (1) CN1144544A (en)
AU (1) AU684138B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2184995A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995024519A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6096178A (en) * 1998-08-24 2000-08-01 Aviv Amirav Electrolyzer device for the operation of flame ionization detectors
KR100350017B1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2002-08-24 주식회사 흥창 Electrolytic cell used for the apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen gas
CA2349508C (en) 2001-06-04 2004-06-29 Global Tech Environmental Products Inc. Electrolysis cell and internal combustion engine kit comprising the same
AT412972B (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-09-26 Bierbaumer Hans Peter Dr DEVICE FOR CONVERTING ENERGY
FR2882065A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-08-18 Air Liquide Device for producing gases, potentially explosive when mixed, by electrolysis, useful particularly for electrolysis of water, includes a central part resistant to overpressure generated by an explosion
CA2534604A1 (en) 2006-01-30 2007-07-30 Hy-Drive Technologies Ltd. Gas liquid separator for hydrogen generating apparatus
US20100209360A1 (en) * 2007-04-21 2010-08-19 Lsg Holdings, Inc. Method for Making a Gas from an Aqueous Fluid, Product of the Method, and Apparatus Therefor
US20100139597A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-10 Wisdom Ronald P Apparatus and methods for conditioning fuel to increase the gas mileage of an internal combustion engine
US20110174242A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-07-21 Mcconahay Fred E Cylindrical hydrogen fuel generator having tubular cells with microscopic indentations
MX355007B (en) 2012-02-27 2018-03-28 Deec Inc Oxygen-rich plasma generators for boosting internal combustion engines.
CN104120441A (en) * 2014-07-11 2014-10-29 包秀敏 A double-membrane gas balancing device for hydrogen production by hydrolyzation
CA2973144C (en) 2015-02-17 2023-08-22 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Reduced volume electrochlorination cells and methods of manufacturing same
RU2018134937A (en) 2016-03-07 2020-04-08 Хайтек Пауэр, Инк. METHOD FOR FORMING AND DISTRIBUTING SECOND FUEL FOR THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
CN105781806A (en) * 2016-04-21 2016-07-20 李兵 Hydrogen-oxygen generator for automobile or ship
JP6446633B2 (en) * 2017-05-06 2019-01-09 株式会社ドンクレーブ Reduced hydrogen water generator
US20190234348A1 (en) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 Hytech Power, Llc Ultra Low HHO Injection
US11603596B2 (en) * 2019-03-14 2023-03-14 Electrichlor, LLC Electrolytic cell for hypochlorite generation
IT202100022247A1 (en) * 2021-08-24 2023-02-24 Acca Ind S R L "ELECTROLYZER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES"

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375069A (en) * 1942-07-03 1945-05-01 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Apparatus for drying air
GB961125A (en) * 1962-06-06 1964-06-17 American Air Filter Co Improvements in or relating to filters
GB1136052A (en) * 1965-04-05 1968-12-11 Hankison Corp Drying gas in compressed gas systems
GB1278591A (en) * 1968-03-23 1972-06-21 Cumberland Eng Co Improvements in or relating to electrolysers
US3964991A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-06-22 Canton Textile Mills, Inc. Method and apparatus for precipitating colloids from aqueous suspensions
US4175026A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-11-20 Litton Industrial Products, Inc. Electrolytic apparatus for recovering metal from solutions
EP0101193A2 (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-02-22 Engelhard Corporation Hydrogen generators and a control system for hydrogen generators
US4457816A (en) * 1980-11-25 1984-07-03 Hydor Corporation Electrolysis method for decomposing water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
GB2270749A (en) * 1992-09-22 1994-03-23 Huang Ching Chiang Apparatus for generating a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for producing a hot flame

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2349286C3 (en) * 1973-10-01 1982-11-18 Götz, Friedrich, Dipl.-Phys., 5628 Heiligenhaus Multiple electrolysis cell for generating a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen
GB2238059A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-05-22 Command International Inc Electrolytic gas generating apparatus for producing a combustible mixture of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water for particular use in gas welding
US5450822A (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-09-19 Cunningham; John E. Apparatus and method for electrolysis to enhance combustion in an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375069A (en) * 1942-07-03 1945-05-01 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Apparatus for drying air
GB961125A (en) * 1962-06-06 1964-06-17 American Air Filter Co Improvements in or relating to filters
GB1136052A (en) * 1965-04-05 1968-12-11 Hankison Corp Drying gas in compressed gas systems
GB1278591A (en) * 1968-03-23 1972-06-21 Cumberland Eng Co Improvements in or relating to electrolysers
US3964991A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-06-22 Canton Textile Mills, Inc. Method and apparatus for precipitating colloids from aqueous suspensions
US4175026A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-11-20 Litton Industrial Products, Inc. Electrolytic apparatus for recovering metal from solutions
US4457816A (en) * 1980-11-25 1984-07-03 Hydor Corporation Electrolysis method for decomposing water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
EP0101193A2 (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-02-22 Engelhard Corporation Hydrogen generators and a control system for hydrogen generators
GB2270749A (en) * 1992-09-22 1994-03-23 Huang Ching Chiang Apparatus for generating a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for producing a hot flame

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0753084A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10500173A (en) 1998-01-06
CN1144544A (en) 1997-03-05
CA2184995A1 (en) 1995-09-14
EP0753084A1 (en) 1997-01-15
US5858185A (en) 1999-01-12
AU1864295A (en) 1995-09-25
EP0753084A4 (en) 1997-05-21
AU684138B2 (en) 1997-12-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5858185A (en) Electrolytic apparatus
US5509942A (en) Manufacture of tubular fuel cells with structural current collectors
EP3347508B1 (en) System and method for generating hydrogen and oxygen
KR970074981A (en) Hydrogen and Oxygen Generator
HUT74703A (en) Arrangement and method for the electrolysis of water plasma furnace, thermal furnace and method for supplying gas into them, burner arrangement, gas generator, as well as apparatus for welding and cutting
US8147661B2 (en) Unit for the electrolysis of water
US3812026A (en) Pressurized electrolyzer including gas product-electrolyte separating means
US20230349052A1 (en) Assembly comprising a soec/sofc-type solid oxide stack and a high-temperature sealed coupling system
US7323089B2 (en) Bonded membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis of water and water electrolyzer using the same
US4136004A (en) Solid electrode electrolyzer for electrolysis of aqueous solutions
RU2355072C1 (en) Fuel-cell battery
NZ281735A (en) Concentric, cylindrical electrodes and a pair of internal end plates at the cylinder ends to reduce implosions
CN212077161U (en) High-pressure water electrolyzer
KR100511155B1 (en) Expandable electrolyte cell
CN218291133U (en) Electrolysis device
RU2049157C1 (en) Portable filter press-type electrolyzer for producing oxygen and hydrogen
WO2000066811A1 (en) Apparatus and method for electrolyzing water
US20220376287A1 (en) Assembly consisting of a solid-oxide stack of the soec/sofc type and of a coupling system gastight at high temperature with coupling flange
WO2023118905A2 (en) Generating hydrogen gas from wastewater
JP4674659B2 (en) Container-contained water electrolyzer for water electrolysis hydrogen generator
RU2656219C1 (en) Coaxial electrochemical compressor of hydrogen
AU2016320641B2 (en) System and method for generating hydrogen and oxygen
KR100498234B1 (en) Electrolytic Hydrogen-Oxygen generator
KR100466096B1 (en) Disk type separator having one-loop gas passage structure and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack comprising the said separator
BG4166U1 (en) Hydrogen electrochemical converter in assembly structure and hybrid electrical connection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 95192016.2

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AM AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE ES FI GB GE HU JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LU LV MD MG MN MW MX NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SK TJ TT UA UG US UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2184995

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 281735

Country of ref document: NZ

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1995910823

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 08702707

Country of ref document: US

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1995910823

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1995910823

Country of ref document: EP