WO1995024228A1 - Procede de sterilisation par traitement haute frequence de dechets a risque, notamment de dechets hospitaliers et dispositif associe - Google Patents
Procede de sterilisation par traitement haute frequence de dechets a risque, notamment de dechets hospitaliers et dispositif associe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995024228A1 WO1995024228A1 PCT/FR1995/000278 FR9500278W WO9524228A1 WO 1995024228 A1 WO1995024228 A1 WO 1995024228A1 FR 9500278 W FR9500278 W FR 9500278W WO 9524228 A1 WO9524228 A1 WO 9524228A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- enclosure
- electromagnetic field
- treated
- high frequency
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
Definitions
- Sterilization process by high frequency treatment of hazardous waste, in particular hospital waste and associated device.
- the present invention relates to a sterilization process for hazardous waste and its associated device.
- Said process is suitable for sterilizing liquid and / or solid waste having a certain humidity level and in particular for sterilizing solid waste produced by hospitals, medical, dental, veterinary surgeries ... or liquid waste from slaughterhouses. It involves a high frequency electromagnetic field.
- thermolytic processes i.e. with pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen
- sterilization / disinfection processes autoclave process; chemical decontamination process involving, for example bleach; ionization process
- the relaxation frequency of free water (between 1 and 100 GHz) being very different from that of water bound to cellulose (close to 20 MHz), it is understood that the yield microwaves cannot be optimum.
- the medical waste to be treated is previously conditioned in sealed cartons, passed through a shredder-shredder and compacted. They are then introduced into thermally insulated containers made of a material permeable to the electromagnetic field which pass, for approximately 5 minutes, in a tunnel applicator, between the electrodes of a high frequency generator. Said isothermal containers are brought into said HF tunnel to uniform temperatures of
- a method for sterilizing hazardous waste, liquid and / or solid having a certain level of humidity which comprises the treatment by a high frequency electromagnetic field of said waste.
- said treatment is carried out in a sealed enclosure; the means for applying the electromagnetic field constituting all or part of said enclosure.
- Said method is particularly well suited to the treatment of hospital waste which contains wet cellulose.
- Such methods are generally implemented in heating screws, with very long residence times, etc.); - Said electromagnetic radiation has a frequency particularly suited to the composition of the waste to be treated. Moist cellulose actually has a relaxation domain at high frequencies. (This is why, it heats less well in the microwave); - Said electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength greater than the dimensions of the waste to be treated. It is therefore not necessary, at high frequency, to grind said waste and reduce their volume to ensure uniform heating, throughout their mass. (Conversely, such prior grinding and a small volume of treatment are compulsory in the case of a microwave treatment. The intervention of a grinder then poses problems of space, additional cost and contamination of said grinder ).
- Said electromagnetic radiation used to treat hazardous waste according to the invention, generally has a frequency between 1 and 300 MHz.
- said frequency is between 1 and 100 MHz.
- it is "set" on the relaxation frequency of the water linked to the cellulose: between 1 and 30 MHz, advantageously close to 27 MHz.
- the high frequency electromagnetic field is, according to the invention, applied in a sealed enclosure (made waterproof during treatment); the means of applying said field constituting all or part of said enclosure.
- said electromagnetic field is applied to waste under pressure, their pressurization involving "directly" the means of application of said field and not only a container containing them. This is explained below.
- the waste is treated in a container, advantageously sealed, placed in an electromagnetic field applicator.
- Said container must be chosen from a material that is permeable to said field, such as cardboard, plastic ... It cannot therefore withstand high pressures ... Consequently, said container and the waste it contains cannot be subjected to optimal sterilization conditions.
- the waste is treated under conditions in which the pressure parameter is advantageously controlled and used.
- Said waste is treated within an enclosure, which includes in its structure the means of application of the electromagnetic field (which may consist of said means of application) and which is made watertight during the treatment.
- This sealing obtained with the means of application of the field is according to the fundamental invention. It allows the pressure to rise ... and therefore the implementation of optimal sterilization.
- the external walls of the waste or of the container which contains it are decontaminated by thermal effect.
- the treated waste is treated under a certain pressure, insofar as the process is implemented in a sealed enclosure (pressure obtained by the vaporization of the water initially contained in said waste). Said pressure is perfectly tolerated insofar as the means for applying the electromagnetic field constitute all or part of said enclosure. A person skilled in the art will already have understood the advantage of such an arrangement.
- the waste is compressed mechanically.
- Such mechanical compression optimizes the treatment.
- mechanical means may be used within the enclosure, made of a material permeable to the field.
- the means of application of the electromagnetic field are used to compress and keep compressed the said waste.
- said waste is mechanically compressed in the enclosure, by means of the electromagnetic field applicators and then said electromagnetic field is applied to said waste thus kept compressed.
- the pressure at which are held the treated waste according to the invention allows to bring them to temperatures above 100 C # and therefore allows to sterilize said waste in record time.
- the method of the invention is particularly effective. Said method makes it possible to carry beyond 100 # C - up to temperatures of the order of 180 * C (temperatures which ensure optimal sterilization ... vis-à-vis for example the hepatitis C virus) - materials, not very conductive of heat, by transmitting energy directly to them; by irradiating them at frequencies close to the relaxation frequency of the water in said waste.
- the pressures recommended for implementing the process of the invention are those between 10 ⁇ and 3.10 ⁇ Pa (between 1 and 30 bars).
- Said pressure must be greater than a minimum to yield the desired result: the rise of the temperature of the waste to be sterilized beyond 100, 150 * C. said pressure does not however need to reach too high values. We are not trying to melt materials, we are only trying to destroy risky germs (pathogens).
- the pressure at which the waste is maintained, during the sterilization process of the invention is obtained in any event by the vaporization of the water which they initially contained; vaporization inherent in high frequency irradiation. It can also be obtained, in particular according to the preferred variant of the invention explained above in this text, by mechanical action the waste treated by the magnetic field is advantageously by being compressed (simultaneous action of said field in a sealed enclosure advantageously equipped with sensors and means for regulating its internal pressure and mechanical pressure).
- the waste having the required humidity level, can be subjected to the high frequency electromagnetic field, in the state or even in the compressed state. (In any event, we have seen that they are kept under pressure during treatment).
- said method successively implements compacting and high frequency treatment under pressure, in a same device, which is self-sterilized with each use.
- Such compacting, in situ is advantageously implemented because it allows, on the one hand to reduce the volume of waste to be treated and on the other hand to increase its density. Said waste then has a higher dielectric constant; which enhances the effectiveness of high frequency treatment.
- waste maintained under pressure is therefore treated with a high frequency electromagnetic field; said pressure, resulting from a mechanical action (in situ compaction) and from the vaporization of the water contained in said waste.
- the method of the invention is implemented by applying the following conditions to waste:
- Said conditions are established, according to the invention, by subjecting said waste, in a suitable device, to a high electromagnetic field frequency.
- said waste is subjected to an oven, in a humid atmosphere.
- Said steaming is advantageously carried out at 180 ° C., under a pressure of 10 bars, for a few minutes.
- the process of the invention is particularly advantageous in that it involves high frequency electromagnetic radiation (see above in this text) and in that it can be implemented with non-mechanically treated waste (for example waste, such as, in garbage bags), at or near their place of production.
- non-mechanically treated waste for example waste, such as, in garbage bags
- plastic bags loaded with waste lead to pancakes having a rigid gangue, non-toxic, non-infectious and easy to handle.
- the process of the invention is also advantageous in that it is a discontinuous process (in batch). This allows more effective control of sterilization and / or disinfection by better monitoring the physical conditions imposed on the treated product.
- Said method does not pose any particular implementation problem.
- Said method is also advantageous in that it can be implemented in a simple device, possibly of small size.
- Another object of the present invention is such a device, which can exist according to various variants.
- Said enclosure is sealed to obtain the desired pressure; it is waterproof and equipped with sensors and means for regulating its internal pressure for maintaining and regulating said pressure.
- Said means advantageously consist either of valves or of means for controlling the power supplied by the generator. In the case of valves, the extracted gas is filtered.
- said enclosure is also equipped with means for measuring its internal temperature. Knowing this parameter (temperature) makes it possible to set the minimum duration of treatment (to obtain the effect - sterilization and / or disinfection - expected).
- Said enclosure during the implementation of the method, is surrounded by electromagnetic shielding, to limit or even avoid any leakage of wave.
- Said enclosure is advantageously removable to facilitate the introduction of the waste to be treated therein as well as the evacuation of said treated waste.
- the sealed enclosure of the device of the invention comprises means for compressing and keeping said waste in a compressed state.
- the irradiated waste is subjected to a pressure due to the mechanical compression and to the vaporization of the water which they contained.
- a sterilizing press Such a press system makes it possible to reduce the volume of waste and then irradiate it at a constant volume, this implying a rise in pressure of said volume.
- Said means for compressing and keeping the waste in a compressed state during the treatment may consist of "added” means, arranged inside the enclosure. They are obviously made of a material permeable to the field.
- the means for applying the electromagnetic field are used.
- the means for applying the field may constitute the sealed enclosure taken in its entirety or only a part thereof.
- the device of the invention comprises a high frequency generator connected to two electrodes which constitute two opposite walls of the enclosure; the other walls being made of an insulating material with low dielectric loss.
- said enclosure can be of parallelepipedal or cylindrical shape.
- said enclosure has at least one movable wall. With the aid of said wall, the mechanical pressure required can be exerted on the treated waste. In fact, said waste to be treated is introduced into the enclosure, it is compressed using said wall and then the high frequency electromagnetic field is applied to the enclosure thus delimited.
- said movable wall consists of at least one of said two electrodes, connected to the high frequency generator.
- the means for applying the field constitute only part of the sealed treatment enclosure.
- the sealed enclosure is a single-mode cavity for the propagation mode TEJQ OR TMQI-
- a cavity is parallelepided for the propagation mode TE ⁇ o > cylindrical for the propagation mode TMQI- It is supplied by a high frequency coupling system.
- said cavity is equipped with a piston movable in translation.
- the means for applying the field constitute the sealed treatment enclosure.
- said device has walls sliding relative to each other; at least one of them being retractable.
- the waste treatment chamber has a volume adapted to that of said waste (as it is or compressed) and obviously also adapted to the output impedance of the generator.
- the transfer of power from an electric generator to its load is indeed optimum if the nominal output impedance of said generator is equal to that of the load which is connected to it.
- the device of the invention can be equipped with an impedance matching system.
- an impedance matching system advantageously automatic, makes it possible to treat, in the same enclosure, various loads, in particular very variable quantities of waste (for example 1 kg, 5 kg as well as 60 kg).
- Such systems exist and have in particular been described by MM. C. Marchand, T. Meunier and M. Forgeât in "High frequency generators and industrial microwaves”. Microwaves and high frequencies. International Congress in Nice. October 1991 volume I.
- a device of the invention can be calculated, of small size, installed in a hospital department, and regularly treat 60 1 trash bags, filled with waste.
- the waste contaminates only the enclosure which, by the implementation of the process is self-sterilized.
- the advantage of the methods and device of the invention is evident from the description above.
- the waste, decontaminated according to the invention can subsequently be handled and treated without problem. They can in particular be ground and incinerated by traditional incineration.
- Fig. 1 schematizes in perspective the preferred variant of the device of the invention for the implementation of the claimed method of sterilization of hazardous waste.
- Fig. 2 and 3 show diagrammatically in perspective two other variants of said device.
- Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical press (references 1 + 2 + 3) within which contaminated waste can be treated, according to the invention.
- Said waste is introduced for treatment into the sealed enclosure 6, delimited by the electrodes 1, 2 and the vertical wall 3.
- the electrode 2 is retracted).
- the electrode 1, called the hot electrode is stationary while the ground electrode 2 is movable in translation and can thus play the role of piston. Thanks to it, we can, before applying the high frequencies, adjust the volume of the enclosure 6, the density of the waste to be treated ...
- the vertical wall 3 is made of an insulating (electrical) material with low dielectric loss. It is raised for the recovery of treated waste.
- Said electrodes 1 and 2 are connected to a high frequency generator 4 controlled by a quartz at, for example, 27.12 MHz.
- the electromagnetic circuit is also equipped with an automatic independence adaptation system 5 which optimizes the energy transfer between the generator 4 and the press 1 + 2 + 3.
- Figs. 2 and 3 show other devices of the invention, in principle of larger dimensions, which operate in single mode.
- Fig. 2 shows a parallelepipedic monomodal cavity 10 for the TEJO propagation mode- Dimensioned at 27.12 MHz, it has the following dimensions: 4 m x 3 m x 1.5 m. It is advantageously equipped with a movable piston 12. It is supplied by the high frequency coupling system 11, connected to the high frequency generator 4 '.
- the electromagnetic circuit advantageously comprises an automatic independence adaptation system 5 '.
- Said high frequency coupling system 11 consists of a coxial cable with antenna; said antenna being advantageously retracted when loading the waste to be treated into the waveguide (the movable piston 12 is also retracted) then entered into said waveguide for the implementation of the sterilization process.
- Fig. 3 shows a cylindrical single-mode cavity 20 for the TMQI propagation mode. Sized at 27.12 MHz, it has the following dimensions: height: 4 m diameter of the bases: 2 m. It is advantageously equipped with a movable piston 22. It is supplied by the high frequency coupling system 21, connected to the high frequency generator 4 ".
- the electromagnetic system advantageously comprises an automatic independence adaptation system 5".
- the high frequency coupling system 21 consists of a coaxial cable with antenna; said antenna being advantageously retracted when loading the waste to be treated into the waveguide (the movable piston 22 is also retracted) then entered therein for the implementation of the sterilization process.
- the means for applying the electromagnetic field constitute the sealed treatment enclosure.
- the example below illustrates the implementation of the method of the invention in a device of the type of that of FIG. 1. It will however be noted that the device used has a parallelepiped enclosure (and not cylindrical) .
- the high frequency generator used is controlled by a quartz at 27.12
- the electrodes are rectangular in size: 7.5 cm x 15 cm.
- the other two walls of the enclosure are made of a composite material (glass fibers + silicone). Said electrodes and walls constitute a gas-tight enclosure.
- the mass of said waste contains approximately 100 g of water. It is positioned in the sealed enclosure, then compressed by manual descent of the upper electrode. The waste thus compacted has a volume of approximately 0.51, for a height of approximately 5 cm.
- the 1.2 kW high frequency electromagnetic field is applied for 3 min. Within the waste thus treated, the temperature reaches 180 ° C. The objective of sterilizing said waste is thus achieved.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU19534/95A AU688476B2 (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-10 | Method for sterilising hazardous waste, particularly hospital waste, using high frequency treatment, and device therefor |
EP95912294A EP0749326A1 (fr) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-10 | Procede de sterilisation par traitement haute frequence de dechets a risque, notamment de dechets hospitaliers et dispositif associe |
SK1162-96A SK116296A3 (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-10 | Method for sterilising hazardous waste, particularly hospital waste, using high frequency treatment, and device therefor |
JP7523275A JPH09509868A (ja) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-10 | 有害廃棄物、特に病院の廃棄物を高周波処理を用いて殺菌する方法及びその装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9402843A FR2717083B1 (fr) | 1994-03-11 | 1994-03-11 | Procédé de stérilisation par traitement haute fréquence de déchets à risque, notamment de déchets hospitaliers et dispositif associé. |
FR94/02843 | 1994-03-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995024228A1 true WO1995024228A1 (fr) | 1995-09-14 |
Family
ID=9460937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1995/000278 WO1995024228A1 (fr) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-10 | Procede de sterilisation par traitement haute frequence de dechets a risque, notamment de dechets hospitaliers et dispositif associe |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0749326A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH09509868A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU688476B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2185330A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ264796A3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2717083B1 (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ282429A (fr) |
SK (1) | SK116296A3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995024228A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19607612A1 (de) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Ahe Avu & Heintke Entsorgung G | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verzögern des Fäulnisprozesses in feuchten Abfällen mit organischen Bestandteilen |
EP4021146A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-06-29 | Tomas Pink | Boîte à ordures pouvant être chauffé par induction et station d'accueil destinée à la décontamination inductive de la vapeur |
WO2022144268A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-07 | Tomas Pink | Réceptacle de déchets pouvant être chauffé par induction et station d'accueil pour récipient de déchets pouvant être chauffé par induction pour la décontamination par induction de la vapeur |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1988001182A1 (fr) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-02-25 | Wolfgang Schinke | Dispositif de sterilisation de dechets, en particulier de dechets infectieux |
EP0408946A2 (fr) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-23 | Kurt Satow | Méthode et dispositif pour la stérilisation, la désinfection et/ou le séchage |
WO1992000766A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-01-23 | Iit Research Institute | Procede et appareil destine a rendre des dechets medicaux inoffensifs |
WO1992000764A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-01-23 | Iit Research Institute | Procede et appareil de chauffage par haute frequence de dechets heterogenes |
WO1992004920A1 (fr) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-04-02 | Stericycle, Inc. | Appareil et procede de traitement de dechets medicaux |
WO1994014480A1 (fr) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-07-07 | Datar Rajiv V | Procede et appareil de neutralisation de dechets biodangereux |
-
1994
- 1994-03-11 FR FR9402843A patent/FR2717083B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-10 WO PCT/FR1995/000278 patent/WO1995024228A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-03-10 JP JP7523275A patent/JPH09509868A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-03-10 AU AU19534/95A patent/AU688476B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-03-10 NZ NZ282429A patent/NZ282429A/en unknown
- 1995-03-10 SK SK1162-96A patent/SK116296A3/sk unknown
- 1995-03-10 CA CA002185330A patent/CA2185330A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-10 CZ CZ962647A patent/CZ264796A3/cs unknown
- 1995-03-10 EP EP95912294A patent/EP0749326A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1988001182A1 (fr) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-02-25 | Wolfgang Schinke | Dispositif de sterilisation de dechets, en particulier de dechets infectieux |
EP0408946A2 (fr) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-23 | Kurt Satow | Méthode et dispositif pour la stérilisation, la désinfection et/ou le séchage |
WO1992000766A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-01-23 | Iit Research Institute | Procede et appareil destine a rendre des dechets medicaux inoffensifs |
WO1992000764A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-01-23 | Iit Research Institute | Procede et appareil de chauffage par haute frequence de dechets heterogenes |
WO1992004920A1 (fr) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-04-02 | Stericycle, Inc. | Appareil et procede de traitement de dechets medicaux |
WO1994014480A1 (fr) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-07-07 | Datar Rajiv V | Procede et appareil de neutralisation de dechets biodangereux |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19607612A1 (de) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Ahe Avu & Heintke Entsorgung G | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verzögern des Fäulnisprozesses in feuchten Abfällen mit organischen Bestandteilen |
EP4021146A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-06-29 | Tomas Pink | Boîte à ordures pouvant être chauffé par induction et station d'accueil destinée à la décontamination inductive de la vapeur |
EP4021145A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-06-29 | Tomas Pink | Station d'accueil pour un seau à ordures à chauffage inductif destinée à la décontamination inductive à la vapeur |
WO2022144268A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-07 | Tomas Pink | Réceptacle de déchets pouvant être chauffé par induction et station d'accueil pour récipient de déchets pouvant être chauffé par induction pour la décontamination par induction de la vapeur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2185330A1 (fr) | 1995-09-14 |
NZ282429A (en) | 1997-05-26 |
FR2717083B1 (fr) | 1996-05-31 |
AU688476B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
AU1953495A (en) | 1995-09-25 |
JPH09509868A (ja) | 1997-10-07 |
FR2717083A1 (fr) | 1995-09-15 |
CZ264796A3 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
EP0749326A1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
SK116296A3 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
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