CZ264796A3 - Sterilization process of harmful refuse, particularly hospital refuse by making use of high-frequency treatment and apparatus for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A hazardous waste sterilisation and/or disinfection method and a device therefor are disclosed. The method includes treating the waste with a high frequency electromagnetic field in a sealed chamber at least partially consisting of the electromagnetic field generating assembly. Said method and said device are particularly suitable for processing hospital waste.

Description

Technique ·

The object of the present invention is a method. sterilization of hazardous waste and associated equipment. The method, as shown from its description, is suitable for the sterilization of liquid and / or solid waste having a certain degree of moisture and in particular for the sterilization of solid waste produced by hospitals, medical, dental, veterinary surgeries or slaughterhouse waste. The method utilizes a high-frequency electromagnetic field.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Because the sorter of incineration does not provide. > warranty ^with * '. *' ^Q '...... · - · ·. At the same time, in the hygiene and safety of such wastes, very expensive incinerators and many other techniques have been developed.

As mentioned, a number of processes have been proposed for the sterilization of such wastes, in particular: - incineration-based processes (combustion with extended residence time, plasma combustion, magmatic processes); thermolytic processes (i.e., processes without air access); sterilization and disinfection processes (autoclave processes;

chemical decontamination processes using eg Javelian water, ionization processes); - microwave and high frequency heating processes.

Microwave energy processes can efficiently process only finely divided matter and therefore require. prior grinding of the waste to be treated.

“* I '··''- Plus, -' - 'from the energy'. in terms of, since, is a relaxing "frequency." free water-. (between 1 ^ and </ 100 GHz). _Very .odlišná..ód relaxation frequency of water bound to cellulose (near 20 MHz)

will be apparently, that result the influence of microwaves cannot be ''optimal. ..... USA .In this designed the stench was for the way that hospital waste treatment in uses not microwaves but

ll ¹ 'in

high frequency. This method is called the STRICYCLE method, wherein the medical material to be processed prior to processing is packed in sealed boxes, passed through a crusher, and compacted. insulated containers made of material transmitting / 'electromagnetic, field, _.' _r which.-... proceed. . to the tunnel - ... applicator between the electrodes of the "high-frequency generator" * '' · 'These isothermal vessels are supplied at a high - frequency to' 1 · uniform - temperature '85 - · 1-25 ° C - and are - capable These conditions keep for three to four hours. These conditions - temperature and residence - cannot be exceeded due to the material constituting the containers.

The STERZCYCLE method and methods of the same type are described in particular in WO-A-92/04920, WO-A-92/00746 and WO-A-92/00766.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, a method using high-frequency energy is proposed for sterilization and / or disinfection of such waste, but which, moreover, optimizes the use of the waste and makes it possible to achieve the expected results in record times, e.g. 3 minutes. This optimization uses another parameter - pressure. ·· '··'. ^:

The present invention therefore proposes a method of sterilizing liquid and / or solid hazardous waste having a certain degree of moisture; the method comprises treating waste; high-frequency electromagnetic field. Typically, the treatment is carried out in a larger chamber, the means for applying the electromagnetic field forming all or part of the chamber.

This way . is particularly a hospital waste which contains suitable for processing wet cellulose. .

Selecting a radio frequency according to this • •• •- ' ⁴ - * -. · *, <

inventions

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particularly.

Electromagnetic Radiation Reasonable E rtaghaghetic radiation quickly transfers energy for heating evenly to the interior of the treated waste (poor thermal conductor). (Conversely, low thermal conductivity renders conventional heat-based heating methods ineffective; these processes are usually performed in rotary conveyors ("snails") with very long dwell times ...); - the electromagnetic radiation has a frequency specially adapted to the composition of the waste to be treated. Damp cellulose has a high frequency relaxation zone. (Therefore, it heats up less well in microwaves.); - the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength greater than the dimensions of the waste to be treated. It is therefore not necessary to grind and reduce waste at high frequencies in order to ensure uniform heating. (Conversely, such pre-grinding and small processing volume are necessary in the case of microwave processing. Use of the mill causes problems with high volume, increased costs and contamination of said mill ...)

Electromagnetic radiation, . used for processing hazardous waste in accordance with the present invention generally has a frequency of between 1 and 300 MHz. This frequency is preferably between 1 and 100 MHz. Preferably, it is permanently set at a frequency of relaxation of the cellulose-bound water between 1 and 30 MHz, preferably near 27 MHz.

Typically, the radio frequency electromagnetic field of the invention is applied in a tight chamber (sealed during processing); the field supply means comprise all or part of the chamber. It is characteristic that the field. they act on the pressurized waste, whereby compression is directly used by the field application means and, not just. the container that is. contains. This is explained by ···., '· ·. t .. r * · - f ·· * · '-> r ·.,> - · /. ... V · v ~ and — j-v-. '. ·;' _ * · .Jv. .

y ^: lower. ·; '^;'V:>'''''''. . ·.,> .. - · ..

As described above, the method of STERICYCLE and the like, as described above, the waste is treated in a container, preferably sealed, housed in an electromagnetic field applicator. A container made of a field-permeable material such as cardboard, plastic ... is therefore necessarily chosen. Thus, it does not have to withstand high pressure ... Consequently, the container and the waste it contains cannot be subjected to optimal sterilization conditions. In addition, as noted, the outer walls of the container cannot be sterilized under these conditions.

According to the invention, the waste is treated under such conditions that the pressure is controlled and preferably utilized. The waste is treated in a chamber which in its construction contains means for applying an electromagnetic field (which may consist of said application means) and which is kept tight during processing. This tightness, obtained by the application of the field application means, is. according to the invention is essential. It allows pressure build-up ... and therefore optimal sterilization. As will be noted, in the sealed chamber, the outer walls of the waste or container containing it are decontaminated by a thermal effect.

In summary, according to the present invention it is characteristic that the waste is treated under a certain pressure, as the process is carried out in a tight chamber (the pressure obtained by evaporating the water initially contained in the waste). This pressure is well tolerated since the means of applying the electromagnetic field forms all or part of the chamber. One skilled in the art will already understand the meaning of this arrangement ...

* * X1, *. ·· * \ «JtlŤv · ... · 4 .. -Prt-, · * T * ´ 'ř .... ·. *,.

The waste is preferably mechanically compressed in the tight chamber during processing. This mechanical compression optimizes processing.

To this end, mechanical means made of electromagnetic field permeable material may be incorporated in the chamber.

According to a preferred variant of the method according to the invention, an object of the present invention, the field application means are used for compressing waste and nvrc. during processing. Accordingly, the waste in the chamber is mechanically compressed by the electromagnetic field, whereby this electromagnetic retention is preferably applied to the waste thus maintained in a compressed state by means of an electromagnetic pollen application.

The pressure at which the waste to be treated according to the present invention, ·, .- maintained enables the heat to more than • LOOL-C ^ .- and umo.žňuj.e · -_. ^ - t.edy_ _;; . sterilization., .waste / ..... v. / record times. Thus, the process of the present invention is particularly effective. This method allows the heating of materials that are poorly thermally conductive above. 1OOÚC-. .7 to temperatures of the order of 180 ^e C (temperatures which guarantee optimal sterilization - e.g. due to hepatitis C virus) - by transferring energy directly thereto, irradiate them at frequencies close to the relaxation frequency of the water in the waste.

The pressures recommended by the invention are between 10 ^seconds for operating the method according to this and 3 to ⁵ Pa · (between 1 and 30 bars). '.

The pressure must be greater than the minimum to result in. · · ·. ·· <. -i ‘, · '·' -Λ

5.'Λ '·; * t * r - - -f ^1. *% -,,. _ .... _r '' p féapókladáriérau ··· 'Result ·': ', increases temperature' ^ · waste) ^ 'to /' ^ · was "'-« Λ -5 ^t *' · ' · * -, - “h, Ϋ ·, ·. -. V, sterilized above 100, 150 [deg.] C. However, the pressure may not reach very high values. .No required .. materials to melt, but only destroy dangerous. germs (pathogenic organisms).

The pressure at which the waste is maintained during the sterilization process of the present invention is in any case obtained by evaporating the water initially contained in the waste; evaporation is inherent to high-frequency irradiation. It can also be obtained, in particular according to a preferred variant of the invention, as mentioned above, by mechanical action: in the case of waste treated by electromagnetic field, this is done by being compressed (simultaneous field action in close-fitting preferably mechanical pressure).

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One of ordinary skill in the art will understand, when reading this description, that the waste to be treated must necessarily contain at least a minimum of water. In fact, waste must be metallically dielectric.

This minimum as approximately 1% water - "pure with mineral salts (100 g water per 10 kg waste) was determined by weight. Water here means both water and water contaminated with impurities.

blood,. . .

This degree of 1% by weight is generally widely exceeded. However, it is not impossible to treat waste according to the process of the invention which does not have the desired degree of moisture. Such waste must be wrapped and / or treated to adjust its degree of humidity before being subjected to an electromagnetic field under pressure.

AND-. .-V ../ .., - * * ^ · · .X. I. li j-. * “·, _ V ·» ··· 1 · '* -i,; '-, · 1 ·, i. * · -' - 1 '' j 'purpose. _t can be moistened-example by sprinkling or wrapping- ^ do? bag type garbage bag containing water gel on the inner surface ...

Waste showing the desired degree of moisture can be exposed to the high-frequency electromagnetic field as it is or in a compressed state. (In any case, it is obvious that it is kept under pressure during processing).

It is not impossible with the method of the present invention to treat waste pre-compressed, pre-exposed to mechanical compression in a device other than electromagnetic coli.

in which it is exposed

However, it is of particular interest to note that the method of the present invention allows the treatment of waste that has not undergone any of the foregoing. processing (not even milling or compacting) ...

According to preferred. A variant (with such an arrangement in which the means of applying the electromagnetic field are used to compress the waste and keep it in a compressed state, e.g. during processing) is effectively used in a manner

-high frequency, ... processing, .pod. in the same pressure. a device which is autosterilized after each use. This compaction, in situ, is advantageously utilized since it allows, on the one hand, to reduce the volume of waste to be treated and, on the other hand, to increase its density. Such waste then exhibits a higher relative permittivity, which increases the efficiency of the high frequency treatment.

According to this preferred variant, the waste is maintained

·. . thus, the high-frequency lipoprotein is subjected to FC under pressure and thus processed.

Jjp -, Ί-y 3 * 1 ΐνΧ .ύνλΰ, - --i Y ~ F., <> '-I _ai

- electromagnetic field /, wherein the pressure cv is. resulting in ** ^r · '---- ·> - · - ,, · .x · .. _{i +} . . ... ₄ ··.%. in '· »... . mechanical action (compaction in situ) and evaporation of the water contained in the waste. 1 '1 * ...

The process of the present invention is preferably operated under the following waste conditions.

temperature: pressure:

150

Mp 180 ° C

- processing time:

5.IQ ⁵ to 10 ^c Pa (5 to 10 bars) 10 to 3 minutes

These conditions are achieved according to the present invention by exposing the evaporator in a corresponding device to a high-frequency sle-CLromaysticks field. Finally, the firing in a humid environment is exposed. This firing is preferably performed at 180 ° C and a pressure of 10 bar (10 ⁵ Pa) for several minutes.

The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that it uses high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (cf. above in this description) and that it can be used for waste that has not been mechanically treated (such as waste bins) in at or near its origin.

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For example, garbage bags may be processed directly in accordance with the present invention in a small-scale apparatus. As a result of the process of the present invention, such plastic-filled and waste-filled bags result in packs representing solid pieces that are nontoxic, non-infectious and easy to handle.

The method according to the present invention is also advantageous in that it is preferred.

WF ··li ** 4 »“ í '' -Η · '- J,, k - · * * .. U * · · · *.

* ’Is a 'discontinuous, batch problem.' This allows more efficient control of sterilization and / or disinfection by better adhering to the physical conditions to which the object to be treated is exposed.

This method does not pose any particular problem for its introduction. A person skilled in the art can optimize his. parameters for the girl. It should be noted that the presence of metal in a given batch does not constitute a major obstacle. Batches containing up to 5% by weight of metals can be processed according to the present invention.

The process has been described in more detail in particular in relation to solid waste of the hospital waste type. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the method is also suitable for treating such liquids originating from a slaughterhouse.

The method is also advantageous in that it can be used in a simple device which can be small in size.

Such a device, of which numerous variants may exist, constitutes a further object of the present invention. ',

It is characteristic that it contains:

means for ..... generating a radio frequency electromagnetic field;

a tight chamber adapted to receive the waste to be treated, said chamber comprising means for applying an electromagnetic field and having sensors and means for controlling its internal pressure.

The chamber is leak-tight to achieve the desired pressure; is tight and equipped with sensors and means for controlling its internal pressure for. maintaining and regulating this pressure. These <p, ^ ,. “J ·, · κ ·

-i,., · _lk '' and ¹ - 'i »,. '· - ·. ·. For example, the compositions are preferably comprised of ventilators or? means for servoregulating the power supplied by the generator. In the case of valves, the off-gas is filtered.

The chamber is preferably also provided with means for measuring its internal temperature. Knowing this parameter (temperature), the minimum processing time can be set (in order to obtain the desired effect - sterilization and / or desfeccel).

In operation, the chamber is surrounded by an electromagnetic shield to reduce or even prevent any wave leakage.

The chamber is preferably removable to facilitate the insertion of the waste to be treated into the chamber and the discharge of the treated waste.

*

The chamber is equipped with means for. Generation of a high-frequency electromagnetic field -in its interior. In particular, it is connected to a high-frequency generator. Such a generator and its function is well known to the person skilled in the art.

In order to introduce a preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the tight chamber of the device comprises means for compressing the waste and keeping it in a compressed state. In such a facility, the irradiated waste is under pressure due to mechanical compression and evaporation of the water it contains. Such a device may be referred to as a sterilizing press. Such a press system makes it possible to reduce the volume of waste and to irradiate it thereafter at a constant volume, which implies an increase in pressure in this volume.

The means for compressing the 'waste' and for keeping it compressed during processing may consist of 'additional' means located within the chamber. These are, of course, made of a material permeable to the electromagnetic field. However, means for applying the electromagnetic field are preferably used to produce the desired compression. In this preferred variant, the means for applying the electromagnetic field may form a tight chamber in whole or in part.

Two variants of the device according to the invention will be described in detail below.

According to a first variant of the device according to the invention, it comprises a high-frequency generator connected to two electrodes which form two opposite walls of the chamber, the remaining walls being made of an insulating material with low dielectric losses. According to this variant, it may be.

t ‘the said ... parallelepiped or cylinder-shaped chamber. To 'introduce a preferred variant' of the method of. of the present invention, the chamber comprises at least one movable wall. Use this. . ... walls. . can. be. the required mechanical pressure is applied to .... .

* * processed waste. The waste to be treated is introduced into the chamber, compressed through this wall, and then a high-frequency electromagnetic field is applied to the chamber as defined. According to this variant of the invention, the movable wall preferably consists of at least one of said electrodes connected to a high-frequency generator. According to this variant, the means of application of the electromagnetic field constitute only a part of the tightly processed ...

- - chambers. . ·. . . · ... ·, - '... jW' i 'L - / cross 5' · ^v - '' .-. Ϊ »-W.-rf- · *.! <+ * Λ .1-M - Γ '· · · * - ->>' ** ''. · · ..% ·. · ♦ - _ -. ·. * ·. * · '· *' · * 4 * ** ·> «. -r .... · «·; '· *'. According to another variant of the present invention, there is a tight 'chamber'. a monomodal cavity for the propagation of the TE10 mode or the like.

the cavity for the propagation of the TE10 mode is parallel-wall, for the propagation

TMQ1 cylindrical. It is powered by a high-frequency coupling system.

To implement a preferred variant of the method of the invention, the cavity is provided with a movable sliding piston. According to this variant, the field application means form a tight processing chamber.

The invention must necessarily allow the embedding to be processed, in and the removal of the device preferably comprises displacement walls; with at least gray being removable.

Any embodiment of a variant of the apparatus according to this waste to be treated waste, not one against the other, for waste treatment forms a volume adapted (or compressed) and is also of course the output impedance of the generator. The transmission of power from the generator to its load is optimal if the nominal output impedance of the generator is equal to the load impedance to which the generator is connected. · <

The waste chamber (as adapted to the electrical to optimize this energy transfer, the device can be imp / automatic, umo-chamber, according to the adaptation), especially (for example 1 kg, systems exist and are FORGEAT: "Indus-trial of the present invention equipped with a release system. which is preferably capable of handling different loads in the same manner at very variable amounts of waste (5 kg) in the same manner as 60 kg). Such as described in MARCKAŇD, high.

T. ‘MEUNIER and 'M.

.and gěrieřatořs'j. Micowaves · 'áret uhigh · congress in Nice, October 1991, part of these systems represents a disadvantage first

However microwave

-International cost

There are no binding methods of implementation, method / according to this invention. Essentially, they represent an appreciable advantage. A person skilled in the art is sufficiently capable of sizing and adapting the device of the invention to the load: for example, the device of the invention may be designed as a small device, installed in a hospital, and properly processed 60 liter waste bags filled with waste.

Again, the advantage of the present invention lies in the possibility of treating the waste as it is, without prior milling, practically as produced. The problem associated with the decontamonation of the mill is thus overcome. Similarly, when compacting in-situ avoids the problem of decontamination prior compactor _{in Y:}

-y · ·,. .. .1 - «-» · - · **. + -.

- · ‘t *.

According to the invention (waste) it contaminates only the chamber which is autosterilized by the operation of the process.

The advantages of the method and apparatus of the present invention necessarily follow from the above description.

The waste decontaminated according to the invention may. can be further loaded, and can. be processed. . without problems ... Especially it can be crushed and burned by conventional incinerators. .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS «Ss ·» * r

Á-jňA Λ-. · * +

h .. Three., the pictures are attached to this description.

Fig. 1 shows in perspective a schematically preferred variant of the device according to the invention for carrying out the "claimed" method of sterilization of hazardous waste.

Giant. 2 and 3 show in perspective two other variants of the device

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Giant. 1 shows a roller press (reference 1 + 2 + 3) in which contaminated waste can be treated according to the invention. This waste is fed to a sealed chamber 6 defined by the electrodes 1, 2 and the vertical wall 3 (the electrode 2 is removed to receive the waste).

. The electrode 1, called the hot electrode, is immovable, while the ground electrode 2 is. Thus, the volume of the chamber 6 and the density of the waste to be treated can be adjusted before the application of high frequencies.

The vertical wall 3 is made of (electrically) insulating material with low dielectric losses. It is lifted to cover the treated waste again.

The electrodes 1 and 2 are connected to a high-frequency generator 4 controlled by a crystal. for example ... 27.15 MHz. The solenoid circuit is further equipped with "automatic adjustment system 'impedance' 5 ',' which allows to optimize the transfer of energy / ^'between' ./ gsneráiořem? 4 · A '+ ^ lisemllř lhiý' ·. . ”“ * · · '- ·. * · '· -' r - ·. - Λ Ο ·· - · - i - - - .1 -. -í · -. .

-flOkolo '..lisu ^of: a grating acting as an electromagnetic shield,' in order to prevent any leakage of waves.

A press of this type was used to operate the claimed method, particularly under the conditions of the example described below.

, In the embodiment; application of an electric variant of the invention, the means for the magnetic field (electrodes 1 and 2) form part of the tight processing chamber (1 + 2 + 3 = 6).

Figures 2 and 3 show other devices according to the invention of substantially larger dimensions whose function is monomodal.

Figure 2 shows the parallelepiped monomodal cavity 10 'for the propagation of the mode, TE10. Designed for 27.12 MHz, it has the following dimensions:. The 4m x -3m-x cavity is preferably provided with a movable piston 12. It is fed by a high frequency coupling system 11 coupled to a high frequency generator 4 '. Preferably, the electromagnetic circuit comprises an 'automatic impedance adjustment 5' system.

The high-frequency coupling system 11 consists of a coaxial cable. with the antenna, the antenna is preferably retracted from the waveguide when being set up. The waste to be treated is then inserted into the waveguide (the mobile piston has also been retracted), with subsequent introduction of the waveguide to perform the sterile loading method.

*** .V *** ·· * ··. '

y. Cbr shows a monomodal cavity. + 20. proT 'si *' · ^: J · i · tip · „* ·. . · C, #, .., * '/? ·' ·?. * · -..... ^k '_ .Λ * * · <' Mode ¹ TMO 1./Dimensioned for .. 27,12 MHz has the following '·: -' dimensions:. ··· Height: '4m Base diameter:' 2m

The cavity is preferably provided with a movable piston 22. It is powered by a high-frequency coupling system 21 connected to a high-frequency generator 4 ''. Preferably, the electromagnetic system comprises a 5 '' automatic imoedance adjustment system.

The high frequency coupling system 21 consists of a coaxial cable with an antenna, which antenna is preferably retracted from the waveguide during the dumping operation to be treated (the movable piston 22 is retracted), then inserted into the waveguide to perform the sterilization method.

For removal of waste treated in the facilities according to Fig. 2 &apos; and 3 &apos;, the skirt of the parallelepiped or cylinder is preferably pulled out while the base remains solid.

In an arrangement according to further variations of this, the means of applying the electromagnetic field form a tight processing chamber.

waveguide)

The following example illustrates the implementation of the method of the invention in a device of the type of FIG. 1. a parallelepiped (and not cylindrical) chamber. '· T' ^ · generáto.r- rPoužitý high frequency is controlled - crystal · -j _ * _t • 'df ·', '·· · i "-), ¾''·'. ·,:

at 27.12 MHz. It delivers power of 1.2 kw. It is connected in series, with an automatic system, to the impedance setting at 50 Ω.

The electrodes are rectangular with dimensions of 7.5 cm x 15 cm. The other two walls of the chamber are made of composite material (fiberglass + silicon). Electrodes and walls form an airtight chamber.

liter of waste, consisting of:

- one latex glove

- wet cellulose substrate (cloth)

- a bottle of sera

- five stainless steel needles

the two cardboard packages are processed in a chamber according to the invention.

The mass of this waste contains 100 g of water. The waste is placed in a tight chamber, then manually compressed by lowering the upper electrode. 0.5 l, portrait approx. 5 cm. ' , _Λ ...

The high-frequency electromagnetic field of 1.2 kW is applied for 3 minutes. While the waste is being treated, the temperature reaches 180 ° C. Thus, the goal of sterilization is achieved.

Claims (11)

PATENTOVÉ Claims 1. A method for sterilizing liquid and / or solid hazardous waste having a certain degree of moisture, particularly hospital waste, the method comprising treating waste. . a radio frequency electromagnetic field, characterized in that ^: during; treatment with waste '·'. ..... - '''-i' handles the chamber maintained. The means for applying the electromagnetic field forms all or part of the chamber. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste is mechanically compressed during processing. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises, in a tight chamber: - mechanical compression. in particular, means for the application of an electromagnetic field; ' - subjecting the waste, maintained compressed., The state of electromagnetic field. '' · '· ^A' · / '. . * ·. ·· · * -Κ s · '; * '·' ** *, · *: · · * «- · ΗΙ <.- · <* ·. -. , · J,; ¹ '. * y ^r . i · ^ř 'ζ ·. . '..,. . » ₄ _, -,». ··· λ in »- · ** '' · *. ''*' Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electromagnetic field has a frequency between 1 and 300 MHz, preferably close to 27 MHz. 5. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the waste is processed at a pressure of between 10 ⁵ and 3.10 ° Pa (1-30 bar). ♦ 1 Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, prior to exposure to the electromagnetic field in the chamber, the waste: - has been packed and / or pre-treated to adjust its moisture content and / or is mechanically compressed. b; of claims '1' · ./--. »Jku. · »'-XI. 7. Method. according to any --- · 2 ^ _wherein: -se - by <it; waste is processed. 10 - .3. min k / t ^ at epío.tě 'itie.ži-150' ^V 'CV <A · · Ί80. ° C a: at a pressure between 5 71 0 · ⁵ and 10 ^s Pa (5 and 10 bar). az 6, Device for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: means for generating a radio frequency electromagnetic field; a tight chamber adapted to receive the waste to be treated, the chamber comprising means for applying an electromagnetic field. and is equipped with sensors and means for controlling the internal pressure thereof. . . ·> ». + Radiance.:. 8. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that: J- ii .- 'sf- ⁶ Jk' jf · *. I -ŤV V ^{1 1} v - „· - 'k'—' * ···. * ·· / · + * .7 ^ 1. The tight chamber is provided with means for compressing the waste and keeping it in a compressed state during processing. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the means for applying the electromagnetic field are used to compress the waste and keep it compressed during processing. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a high-frequency generator connected to two electrodes which form two opposite walls of the chamber, the other walls being made of insulating material with low dielectric losses; at least one of the two eles šktrod Yippee preferably movable in feed. & έΐι and íi. 12. Equipment according to any from claims 8 to 10, řj characterized in that: chamber Yippee frequency adjusted an electromagnetic field to operate as a monomodal (TE10 or TMQ1), preferably equipped with a displaceable piston. ' Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that it comprises an impedance adjustment system. *