經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印褽 A7 __B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 發明背景 (0發明領域 本發明係關於醫療廢棄物的熱解及消毒的裝置，特別係利用微波在惰性氣 體中，來處理醫療廢棄物的裝置。 (2)習知技藝 醫療廢棄物在丟棄之前，必須適當地處理才能保証垃圾場或掩埋場附近的 土壤或水源不致被有害的有機體所污染。長久以來’多採用高溫燃燒的方 式，燃燒後有大量的煙塵，需要龐大且昂貴的設備加以處理，才能達到環 保署的排放標準。 有一些處理醫療廢棄物的方法已經取得專利，其中有部份也是利用微波來 加熱，但多與其它方法合用，如RobertC. Drake所提U.S Pat. No 5,223,231，Norihiro Kawashima等人所提U.S. Pat. No 5,213,758。此 外，Minoru Fujimori等人在U.S. Pat. No 5,237,938中提出一個焚化爐， 在焚化時注入油和水的混合物，一起燃燒。 熱解及消毒醫療廢棄物時，必須注意避免將有害的氣體排入空氣，尤其當 使用微波來加熱，更必須避免廢棄物在攪拌筒中造成放電(arcing)的現 象。 發明的簡要說明 本發明的主要目的在於提出一個裝置，可以安全地熱解並消毒醫療廢棄 物，所以處理完的殘餘可以照一般的垃圾加以丟棄或掩埋，而不致造成污 染或危害。 本發明的另一個目的是提出_個成本低廉的裝置，可供熱解並消毒醫療廢 棄物，並且使有害物質不致排入空氣、土壤或水源而造成二次公害。 本發明的熱解機先將醫療廢棄物切成長約10〜20cm，直徑或寬度約2.5cm的 長條狀，在一金靥密閉室中導入微波加以熱解並消毒，因此在過程中可以 避免任何固態或氣態的產生物排出，同時也可避免外界空氣中的氧進入造 成燃燒。處理後的殘餘物中’油氣可由冷凝器收集，固體則可倒在台車運 走，按一般垃圾處理的方式丟棄。 本發明的機器中包含一個活動門，可以使攪泮筒在旋轉時仍然保持密閉， 不透空氣也不會使微波外洩。在完成熱解後，也是從這個活動門將殘餘物 排出。 使用時，首先將惰性氣體通入攪拌筒，使其中原有的空氣被排擠出來，然 後倒I入廢棄物，經由切碎機切成碎片。這些碎片隨後被旋轉中的螺旋葉片 帶入攪拌筒的深處，接著使微波源產生的微波利用導波管導入攪拌筒中， 來消毒並熱解攪拌中的廢棄物。因爲內部的擾泮葉片是直接連接於攪拌筒 壁，因此不會造成放電。此過程中產生的油氣會通往冷凝器後收集起來， 必要時可以回收。 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) A4規格（210x 297公菱〉 ^ΪΤ-------.^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^5548 A7 B7 經濟部中央梂率局員工消費合作杜印製 五、發明说明（ε) 當廢棄物被完全熱解後，關閉微波源，打開活動門，反轉援拌筒使固態的 殘餘物倒到台車上運走，完成處理程序。 本發明的熱解機可以安置在一個運輸工具上，以巡迴的方式來爲數個醫院 或醫療站處理廢棄物。 圖式的簡要說明 圖1是本發明微波熱解機的剖面示意圖。 圖2是本發明微波熱解機活動門的剖面示意圖· 發明的詳細說明 圖1爲本發明微波熱解機的一個實施例，主要構成部份爲進料門31 ,切碎器 32，微波源33 ,導波管34 ,攪拌筒25 ,氣體冷凝器41 ,及倒出廢棄物時用 的活動門，活動門的詳細說明請參考圖2 »活動門的主要構成部份爲門蓋 53，橡皮墊片51，金屬網墊片52，滾動軸承58，滑動軸承54 ,蛇腹管55 , 定位桿56，氣缸制動器57，及彈簧59 » 在開始熱解及消毒前，活動門緊閉可以同時隔絕空氣及微波。先請參考圖 2。當活動門關閉時，氣缸制動器57及定位桿56f動門蓋53移動，靠緊搜拌 筒25的密封表面(sealing face)29，也壓緊彈邊9。橡皮墊片51及金屬網 墊片52因此緊壓著密封表面29，使得空氣及微波都無法通過。滾動軸承58 隔開門蓋53與固定不動的導波管34，並且允許門蓋可以以導波管爲中心轉 動。任何氣體若從滾動軸承58逃逸，也會被蛇腹管55或門蓋53與定位片60 之間的滑動軸承54所阻擋。 在熱解開始前，進料門31關閉，然後從攪持筒底部的氣閥(valve)28通入惰 氣，如氮氣或二氧化碳等，直到攪拌筒中氧氣濃度低至1%，藉此將裏面的 空氣擠出。接著請參考圖1。首先將活動門如以上說明關閉，然再由進料門 31倒入醫療廢棄物，通過切碎器32時，被切成長約10〜20cm，直徑或寬度 大小約2.5cm的小片。切碎的廢棄物掉入固定的導波管34，並且沿著此管再 進入攪拌筒25中，藉著附著在攪拌筒25內表面上螺旋狀的攪拌葉片27，廢 棄物被送至筒的深處，以便可以完全且均勻的受到微波照射加熱。 接著微波源33產生60千瓦的微波，並經導波管34送至攪拌筒25中》微波的 頻率可爲915MHz或2450MHz，其中915MHz較理想，因爲可以買到現成的微波 源’也比較便宜。馬達21，蝸桿齒輪22及軸承環26帶動擾持筒25旋轉’而 由軸承23、24及58支撐著。螺旋狀的攪拌葉片27繼續地援動切碎的廢棄物 碎片’藉微波的能量加以熱解並消毒。 在攪拌筒中，熱解與消毒是在缺氧的環境下進行的，在過程中產生的任何 氣體，都由氣體冷凝器41收集，可以進一步回收使用。氣體冷凝器41也可 再加^紫外線消毒的設備(圖中沒有畫出），更確保回收氣體的安全。本機 器進行熱解及消毒時完全密閉，不會有任何有毒廢氣溢入大氣中》 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家揉準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 83. 3.10,000 裝 訂 線 (請先閱請背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 請參考圖1及圖2 »在完成熱解後，先關閉微波源，使門蓋53移離攪拌筒25 以打開活動門，然後藉馬達21，蝸桿齒輪22及齒輪26，使攪持筒以相反於 原先的方向旋轉，內部的攪拌葉片就會帶動熱解完畢的殘餘物往活 動門移動，並倒入台車65，送往垃圾場或掩埋場丟棄，而本發明的機器又 可繼續進行下一次的處理。 本發明的第二個實施例，係將微波熱解機安置於卡車或合適的交通工具 上，這樣可以將熱解機載往產生廢棄物的地方，如醫院、私人診所或社區 醫療站等，並可在各地之間巡迴服務。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經 濟 部 中 央 標 準 局 員 工 消 費 合 社 印 製 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4C格（210X297公釐） -5Γ-Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Standards, Employee Consumer Cooperatives A7 __B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention (0 Field of the invention The present invention relates to a device for pyrolysis and disinfection of medical waste, especially microwaves in inert A device for treating medical waste. (2) Prior to disposal, medical waste must be properly treated to ensure that the soil or water sources near the dump or landfill will not be contaminated by harmful organisms. High temperature has been used for a long time Combustion method, after burning, there is a lot of smoke and dust, which requires huge and expensive equipment to deal with, to meet the EPA emission standards. Some methods of treating medical waste have been patented, and some of them are also heated by microwaves. However, it is often used in combination with other methods, such as US Pat. No 5,223,231 by Robert C. Drake, US Pat. No 5,213,758 by Norihiro Kawashima et al. In addition, Minoru Fujimori et al. Proposed an incinerator in US Pat. No 5,237,938, in During incineration, a mixture of oil and water is injected and burned together. Pyrolysis and disinfection of medical waste Attention must be paid to avoid discharging harmful gases into the air, especially when microwaves are used for heating, and it must be avoided that wastes cause arcing in the mixing drum. Brief Description of the Invention The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a device that can The medical waste is safely pyrolyzed and disinfected, so the treated residue can be discarded or buried as general garbage without causing pollution or harm. Another object of the present invention is to propose a low-cost device for pyrolysis It also sterilizes medical waste and prevents harmful substances from being discharged into the air, soil, or water sources to cause secondary pollution. The pyrolysis machine of the present invention first cuts medical waste into a length of about 10 to 20 cm, and a diameter or width of about 2.5 cm. Strip shape, microwave is introduced into a gold-tight sealed room for pyrolysis and disinfection, so any solid or gaseous products can be avoided during the process, and oxygen in the outside air can also be prevented from causing combustion. Residues after treatment The oil and gas can be collected by the condenser, and the solid can be dumped and transported in the trolley, and discarded in the way of general garbage disposal Abandoned. The machine of the present invention includes a movable door, which can keep the stirring pan closed when rotating, impermeable to air, and will not cause microwave leakage. After the pyrolysis is completed, the residue is also discharged from this movable door. In use, the inert gas is first introduced into the mixing drum to allow the original air to be squeezed out, and then poured into the waste, which is cut into fragments by a shredder. These fragments are then brought into the mixing drum by the rotating spiral blade In the depth of the next, the microwave generated by the microwave source is then introduced into the mixing drum by using a waveguide to sterilize and pyrolyze the stirring waste. Because the internal disturbance blade is directly connected to the mixing drum wall, it will not cause discharge. The oil and gas generated in this process will be collected after passing to the condenser and can be recovered if necessary. This paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210x 297 Gongling) ^ ΪΤ -------. ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ^ 5548 A7 B7 Central Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Duo Staff ’s Consumer Cooperation V. Invention description (ε) When the waste is completely pyrolyzed, turn off the microwave source, open the movable door, and reverse the mixing drum to pour the solid residue onto the trolley. Complete the processing procedure. The pyrolysis machine of the present invention can be placed on a transport vehicle to process waste for several hospitals or medical stations in a round-robin manner. Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a cross section of the microwave pyrolysis machine of the present invention Schematic diagram. Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the movable door of the microwave pyrolysis machine of the present invention. Detailed description of the invention FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the microwave pyrolysis machine of the present invention, the main components of which are the feed door 31 and the shredder 32. The microwave source 33, the waveguide 34, the mixing drum 25, the gas condenser 41, and the movable door for pouring waste. For a detailed description of the movable door, please refer to FIG. 2 »The main component of the movable door is the door cover 53 , Rubber gasket 51, metal mesh gasket 52, rolling shaft Bearing 58, sliding bearing 54, bellows 55, positioning rod 56, cylinder brake 57, and spring 59 »Before pyrolysis and disinfection, the movable door is closed to isolate air and microwave at the same time. Please refer to Figure 2. When active When the door is closed, the cylinder brake 57 and the positioning lever 56f move the door cover 53 to press against the sealing face 29 of the mixing drum 25, and also press the elastic edge 9. The rubber gasket 51 and the metal mesh gasket 52 therefore Pressing tightly on the sealing surface 29 prevents air and microwaves from passing through. The rolling bearing 58 separates the door cover 53 from the stationary waveguide 34, and allows the door cover to rotate around the waveguide. If any gas escapes from the rolling bearing 58 It will also be blocked by the sliding bearing 54 between the bellows 55 or the door cover 53 and the positioning piece 60. Before the pyrolysis starts, the feed door 31 is closed, and then the valve 28 at the bottom of the stirring cylinder is opened. Enter inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, until the oxygen concentration in the mixing drum is as low as 1%, thereby squeezing out the air inside. Then please refer to Figure 1. First close the movable door as described above, and then feed the door 31 Pour into medical waste, pass At the time of the crusher 32, it is cut into small pieces of about 10 to 20 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm in diameter or width. The shredded waste falls into the fixed waveguide 34, and then enters the mixing drum 25 along this pipe, borrowing With the spiral stirring blade 27 attached to the inner surface of the stirring drum 25, the waste is sent to the depth of the drum so that it can be completely and evenly heated by microwave irradiation. Then the microwave source 33 generates a microwave of 60 kW and is guided by The wave tube 34 is sent to the mixing drum 25. The frequency of the microwave can be 915MHz or 2450MHz, of which 915MHz is ideal, because the off-the-shelf microwave source can also be bought relatively cheaply. The motor 21, the worm gear 22 and the bearing ring 26 rotate the disturbance cylinder 25 'and are supported by bearings 23, 24 and 58. The spiral stirring blade 27 continues to assist the shredded waste pieces' to be pyrolyzed and sterilized by microwave energy. In the mixing drum, pyrolysis and sterilization are performed in an oxygen-deficient environment. Any gas generated during the process is collected by the gas condenser 41 and can be further recycled. The gas condenser 41 can also be supplemented with UV disinfection equipment (not shown in the figure) to ensure the safety of the recovered gas. The machine is completely sealed during pyrolysis and disinfection, and no toxic exhaust gas will overflow into the atmosphere. "This paper size is not in China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) 83. 3.10,000 binding line (please Please read the precautions on the back first and then fill out this page) A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (3) Please refer to Figures 1 and 2 »After the pyrolysis is completed, first turn off the microwave source and move the door cover 53 away from the mixing drum 25. Open the movable door, and then use the motor 21, worm gear 22 and gear 26 to rotate the stirring drum in the opposite direction to the original direction. The internal stirring blade will drive the pyrolysis residue to the movable door and pour into the trolley 65. Send to the garbage dump or landfill and discard, and the machine of the present invention can continue to be processed next time. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the microwave pyrolysis machine is placed on a truck or a suitable vehicle, so that the pyrolysis machine can be carried to places where waste is generated, such as hospitals, private clinics, or community medical stations. And touring service between places. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy, Economy, Trade and Industry, printed by this company, is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4C grid (210X297mm) -5Γ-