WO1995023841A1 - Mehrstoffgemische auf basis wasserlöslicher alkalisilikatverbindungen und ihre verwendung - Google Patents
Mehrstoffgemische auf basis wasserlöslicher alkalisilikatverbindungen und ihre verwendung Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995023841A1 WO1995023841A1 PCT/EP1995/000604 EP9500604W WO9523841A1 WO 1995023841 A1 WO1995023841 A1 WO 1995023841A1 EP 9500604 W EP9500604 W EP 9500604W WO 9523841 A1 WO9523841 A1 WO 9523841A1
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- builder
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions
- C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
Definitions
- the teaching according to the invention relates to the field of solid materials and mixtures of materials based on water-soluble alkali metal silicate compounds, which are also referred to in the specialist literature as water glasses.
- the ratio of x: y is called the module.
- Module ranges of water-soluble alkali metal silicate compounds of the type concerned according to the invention are in the range from about 0.8 to 4.
- Water glasses of the type concerned here are used in many different ways in practice. The following may be mentioned by way of example only: adhesives for paper and cardboard; Binder for the production of refractory putty, in the enamel and building materials industry and in the foundry as core binder; Corrosion protection agents, in particular for inhibiting the alkaline attack on aluminum and zinc; Plasticizer for lowering the viscosity of ceramic slips; Stabilizers in the peroxide bleaching of paper and textiles; Binder in the context of soil and mountain consolidation in house, tunnel and mining as well as in the humusless greening of dunes and debris piles or flocculants in water treatment.
- adhesives for paper and cardboard Binder for the production of refractory putty, in the enamel and building materials industry and in the foundry as core binder
- Corrosion protection agents in particular for inhibiting the alkaline attack on aluminum and zinc
- Plasticizer for lowering the viscosity of ceramic slips
- the builders or builder systems perform a variety of tasks in detergents and cleaning agents • D
- zeolite NaA As a builder, it was proposed to use selected water-soluble amorphous sodium silicate compounds as builders in washing and cleaning agents.
- Amorphous sodium silicate compounds are described here as builder substances, which are produced by spray drying aqueous water glass solutions, subsequent grinding and subsequent compacting and rounding with additional removal of water from the ground material, cf. see, for example, FIG. 3 of US 3,912,649.
- the water content of the products used is approx. 18 to 20% by weight with bulk densities well above 500 g / 1.
- detergents with 5 to 50 wt .-% of at least one surfactant, 0.5 to 60 wt .-% of a builder and conventional washing auxiliaries are proposed, the characteristic being that an amorphous, low-water sodium disilicate with a water content of 0.3 to 6% by weight is used as the builder.
- the amorphous sodium disilicate should preferably contain 0.5 to 2% by weight of water.
- This material is treated in a rotary tube furnace with flue gas at temperatures of 250 to 500 ° C in countercurrent.
- the amorphous sodium disilicate emerging from the rotary kiln is comminuted to particle sizes of 0.1 to 12 mm with the aid of a mechanical crusher and then ground to particle sizes of 2 to 400 ⁇ m using a mill.
- EP-A-0542131 intends to produce a dried crystalline-containing sodium silicate which can be used as a builder component and has a free water content of between 5 and 12% by weight in one process step in that a 40 to 60% by weight aqueous solution of the Sodium silicate is treated with hot air in a turbo dryer equipped with impact tools.
- the drying product passes through a pseudoplastic state, which is used to form a product in granular form.
- the drying of these granules is carried out under working conditions which preclude embrittlement of the granule outer casing and the associated breakage of the granule structure. In this way it is possible - while avoiding the so-called "popcorn effect" - to produce water-soluble sodium silicates with specific weights in the range between 0.5 and 1.2, which are characterized by complete solubility in water at ambient temperature.
- the teaching according to the invention is essentially described below using the example of the builders or builder mixing components for detergents and cleaning agents. As illustrated in the introduction, the area of action according to the invention is not restricted to this special field of application, but it is particularly suitable to summarize the elements characteristic of the teaching according to the invention.
- the teaching of the present invention is based on the object of obtaining water glasses or water-glass-based multi-material in a form of supply which is fairly accessible and inexpensive on a large scale and which meets the diverse requirements of the product properties in practice.
- the invention aims to create the possibility of finding improved access to highly effective builders or builder systems for detergents and cleaning agents.
- primary dry material - which, in the context of spray and / or fluidized-bed drying, consists of a finely sprayed aqueous preparation of mixtures of the alkali metal silicates and the inorganic and / or organic valuable and / or auxiliaries have been dried by means of a hot gas stream.
- the teaching according to the invention is characterized in that that the primary dry material has bulk densities of at least 150 g / l, has a microporous, absorbent internal structure and has been dried by means of superheated steam as a hot gas stream, at least 10% by weight more water-soluble in homogeneous mixture with the alkali metal silicate inorganic and / or organic salts are present.
- the invention relates to builder systems or builder components in detergents and cleaning agents which, as an essential component, contain the abovementioned alkali silicates in the module range from 1 to 4 in the form of a dried, free-flowing solid material with the ability to enhance washing power (primary and / or secondary washing power) ) exhibit.
- the teaching according to the invention is characterized here in that - in the context of a multicomponent mixture - the alkali silicates in a homogeneous mixture with further valuable and / or auxiliary substances in the field of detergent builders and / or detergent builder components in the form of a granular pourable and pourable Dry goods (primary dry goods) with bulk weights of at least 150 g / l and a highly porous absorbent grain structure are present and have been produced by spray and / or vortex drying an aqueous preparation of the multicomponent mixture with superheated steam as the drying gas.
- the invention in particular also relates to detergents and cleaning agents in solid preparation form, in particular textile detergents, based on a mixture of surfactants, builder components and other customary auxiliaries and / or recyclable materials, which as builder components or builder compounds in accordance with the invention Contained within the meaning of the definition described below.
- the teaching according to the invention relates to the use of the porous and absorbent mixtures of valuable substances O
- the subject of the invention is the use of the principle of drying with superheated steam as the drying gas for drying and subsequent over-drying of aqueous preparations of alkali silicates, in particular corresponding compounds with a builder effect in detergents and cleaning agents, in a mixture with other auxiliaries and / or Valuables from the field of scaffolding or builder substances from the field of detergents and cleaning agents, for the production of a dry material in grain form with an absorbent porous grain internal structure, in which the silica residues are at least predominantly present as oligo- and / or polysilicic acid residues but the rapid and practically complete solubility in water is guaranteed.
- a decisive core idea lies in the application of the principle of drying, in particular spray drying and / or fluidized bed drying, aqueous preparations of valuable materials and mixed materials with superheated steam as a hot gas stream for supplying the vaporization energy into the material to be dried and the simultaneous absorption of the evaporated water portion in the flow of the superheated water vapor and removal of this evaporated water portion together with the superheated steam flow drawn off from the drying zone.
- the amount of water discharged is condensed and worked up, while the rest of the superheated steam is returned to the drying zone in a closed circuit after the amount of energy removed by the drying has been fed back to it.
- the teaching according to the invention is based on the knowledge that, particularly in the field of drying water-containing preparations of water glasses of the type described at the outset, this technology of superheated steam drying enables a summation and multifunctionality of advantages which have hitherto not been known. Without claiming to be complete, the closed circulation system of the superheated steam enables the CÜ2-free drying and thus avoids undesired secondary reactions in the material to be dried.
- the drying conditions can be controlled as desired with regard to the residual water content. Dry products with residual water contents in the range of the equilibrium value of monomeric alkali silicate compounds can be obtained, but in particular the additional removal of water with simultaneous condensation of the silicic acid residues to oligomer and / or polymer compounds is possible.
- the primary dry material is a material with a microporous, absorbent internal structure which can be filled with sufficiently flowable components in a subsequent work step.
- This microporous inner structure is also of decisive importance for the dissolving behavior of the dry material according to the invention.
- the water glasses in admixture with further auxiliaries and / or valuable materials from preferably homogeneous solution - but also, if appropriate, from appropriate dispersions - to be processed leads to a mixture of valuable materials in which the components which come into interaction in practical use are present from the start in an intimate mixture.
- This enables interactions of, for example, BuiIder ⁇ and Cobuilder components in practical use, which are optimized.
- the fact that the internal structure of the primary dry goods can be covered with further detergent components gives further advantages. For example, the dispersibility of comparatively difficult water-soluble or -miscible detergent components can be facilitated by including these components in a flowable state in the microporous solid body according to the invention and distributing them therein.
- the subject of the invention is a solid material designated as primary dry material, which contains alkali metal silicates in the specified module range from 0.8 to 4 in a homogeneous mixture with at least 10% by weight, based on the compound dry weight contains inorganic and / or organic valuable substances and / or auxiliary substances and has been dried from a finely sprayed aqueous preparation of mixtures of the alkali metal silicates and the further valuable substances and / or auxiliary substances by means of superheated steam.
- the preferred alkali metal silicates are those of sodium and potassium. Corresponding sodium silicates are of particular importance in the field of detergent builders, while, for example, potassium silicate compounds can be the preferred compounds in technical fields of application.
- the alkali metal silicates are preferably present in amounts of at least 25% by weight and in particular in amounts of at least 30 or 35% by weight, here% by weight based on the weight of the primary dry material.
- Particularly important embodiments of the invention contain the alkali metal silicate in quantities of at least 40% by weight and in particular in amounts of at least 50% by weight. Quantity ranges from 45 to 80% by weight, in particular 50 to 75% by weight, of alkali metal silicate in the dry product can be particularly important.
- the valuable or auxiliary substances used are usually used in amounts of at least about 10% by weight.
- these second components can make up at least 15, at least 20 or at least 25% by weight, frequently 20 to 50% by weight and in particular 30 to 45% by weight of these second components relating to practically important embodiments.
- the numerical value of the% by weight is based on the weight of the primary dry material.
- the second components used as auxiliaries and / or valuable substances together with the alkali metal silicates can consist of a certain selected second component, but can also - taking into account the specialist knowledge of possible interactions and in particular the intended technical purpose - " Any combination of two or more auxiliaries and / or valuable materials mixed with the silicate compounds can be used.
- An essential element for the teaching according to the invention lies in the sufficient density of the dry material without giving up the microporous basic structure.
- the lower limit for the bulk weights aimed for according to the invention is approximately 150 g / 1 or 200 g / 1.
- bulk densities which are as high as possible are often desired, which then - based on primary dry material - are at least 250 to 270 g / 1 or even higher at least 300 g / 1.
- Particularly preferred values are at least 350 g / 1 and in particular at least 400 to 450 g / 1.
- the secondary coating of the primary dry material with further, in particular flowable, components allows the bulk densities to be increased practically in any desired manner into the desired end product areas. It is of course also possible to compress the primary dry material in a manner known per se in the context of an aftertreatment, for example by roller compaction, granulation and the like.
- the teaching according to the invention provides for practically completely excluding access or in-situ formation of CO2 to or in the drying zone.
- the circulatory flow of the superheated steam is reheated by indirect energy input, as described in the literature cited for hot steam drying.
- the selection of the starting materials also ensures that no or no significant amounts of CO2 can be formed by in-situ implementation, as is possible, for example, if alkali metal bicarbonates are used. In any case, it can be ensured that no or no significant amounts of water-insoluble or sparingly soluble material are formed even in the modification of the formation of an over-dried water glass, which is discussed below.
- the proportion of insoluble material in the product dried according to the invention is preferably ⁇ 3% by weight and in particular ⁇ 1% by weight.
- the solubility of the dry material formed in its entirety is of course also determined by the solubility parameters of the second and third components, the nature of which will be discussed in detail.
- the step of drying the aqueous water-glass-based active ingredient mixture according to the invention provides for the so-called overdrying of the alkali silicate material.
- overdrying Based on sodium silicates in the modulus range of about 1.3 to 4, which is common in detergents, this means that the io
- Residual water contents in the sodium silicate portion can be set to values below 18% by weight and in particular below 15% by weight. Particularly suitable here are these dry products with a water content of at most 15% by weight of the silicate, the range from about 1 to 13% by weight, and again the range from about 3 to 10% by weight of water in the sodium silicate , can be of special importance.
- over-dried X-ray amorphous alkali silicates and in particular sodium silicates of the specified module range with water contents in the primary dry material in the range of about 6 to 13 or up to 15% by weight come into consideration.
- the setting of these drying results is determined in the manner known to the person skilled in the art by the process parameters of the drying stage with the superheated steam and here in particular by the temperature level of the supplied steam, its quantity and / or the residence time of the material in contact with the superheated steam .
- An important and very easy to control process parameter in this context is the temperature of the superheated steam flow, determined by its inlet temperature and its outlet temperature.
- the inlet temperature of the superheated steam can be selected within a wide temperature range. For example in the range from 120 to 450 ° C, preferably in the range from about 150 to 380 ° C.
- outlet temperature of the superheated steam loaded with the amount of vaporized water is then correspondingly lower, preferred outlet temperatures can be, for example, in the range from about 115 to 220 ° C. and in particular in the range from 130 to 200 ° C.
- preferred outlet temperatures can be, for example, in the range from about 115 to 220 ° C. and in particular in the range from 130 to 200 ° C.
- the temperature sensitivity in particular of the additional auxiliaries and / or valuable materials sprayed together with the alkali silicates, and also of the desired drying result in the dry process product. If substantial overdrying of the alkali silicate is desired as a direct result of the spray drying, then it will generally be advisable to choose comparatively high inlet temperatures of the superheated steam - for example in the range from 280 to 380 ° C. - and also the steam outlet - to keep temperatures comparatively high - for example in the range of 180 to 240 ° C.
- the invention also provides the possibility of carrying out the drying to the primary dry material under comparatively mild conditions with only limited overdrying of the alkali silicate and in a subsequent thermal stage - for example tempering at elevated temperatures - the state of the form over-dried alkali silicates.
- the maximum temperature of the material under the drying conditions which can be, for example, in the range from 100 to 200 ° C. and in particular in the range from approximately 110 to 150 ° C., is of particular importance.
- the residence time of the goods at such high temperatures is in the range of seconds, so that product damage can be ruled out with certainty, even if temperature-sensitive components are also used as mixing components.
- temperature-sensitive components are also used as mixing components.
- Such concerns generally rule out from the outset when, for example, temperature-stable inorganic salts of the type of sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate are used as the mixing components.
- Important embodiments exist here for the area of application of the products according to the invention as detergent builder compounds.
- the temperature load of the purely inorganic material in the drying zone can be safely directed towards an optimized overdrying of the alkali silicate is set.
- oligomer or polymer structures of the silica residues form in the over-dried material. Due to the good solubility in water of the dry products according to the invention, it can be assumed that these oligomeric or polymeric silica residues essentially correspond to the so-called Q2 and / or ( ⁇ structure, that is to say they have a chain, ring or sheet structure but are three-dimensionally crosslinked (Q4 state)
- at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, of the alkali metal silicate component is such an over-dried material with an oligomer or polymer structure of the silica residues intended.
- mixture components which are dried together with the water glasses in the sense of the teaching according to the invention preference is given to components which are at least partially water-soluble, so that in the drying process really homogeneous mixtures with the microporous dry material structure are obtained. Understandably, however, at least some of the finely divided, insoluble mixing components can also be incorporated into the resulting dry material.
- the pure alkali metal silicate component available as an active ingredient in the finished product or when it is redissolved.
- An inorganic or an organic, preferably water-soluble, neutral salt which does not develop its own function in the stage of using the redissolved dry products, can then be used here for the step of drying according to the invention in superheated steam.
- alkali sulfates in particular sodium sulfate.
- the alkali silicate - other cobuilder components in the same direction and possibly synergistic effects can also be used.
- the synergistic effect enhancement of builder combinations of dried substance mixtures of sodium silicates of suitable module areas - which will be discussed below - and soda as the ultimate functionally effective mixture in washing and cleaning agents is described, for example, in the publications EP-A-0488868 and EP-A mentioned at the beginning -0561656.
- Corresponding active substance mixtures are produced there by a comparatively time-consuming and labor-intensive process, which additionally offer themselves as a compact system with a limited surface area for the complex active substance mixture in detergents and cleaning agents.
- the design of corresponding builder / co-builder mixtures according to the invention is not only possible on an industrial scale in a simple manner, the microporous dry material gives the additional advantage of the microporous inner structure and thus the Possibility to enter substantial portions of further detergent components in the dry goods as an additional load.
- organic cobuilder components for example of the type of sodium toprate or other alkali salts of in particular polyfunctional carboxylic acids. It is also possible to use inorganic and organic cobuilder components together in a homogeneous mixture with the water glass. Such dry products can in turn serve as carrier beads for the application of further wash-active components - for example for the application of nonionic surfactants and the like.
- water-soluble inorganic salts can be used as inorganic mixture components, taking into account the respective intended use, in particular corresponding carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, halides, borates, phosphates and / or polyphosphates, which are to be mentioned in particular in the form of the corresponding Sodium and / or potassium salts are formed.
- Usable organic framework substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such a tiger is used Use for ecological reasons is not objectionable, as well as mixtures of these. Salts are preferred Polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- polymeric polycarboxylates for example the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or methacrylic acid, in particular those with a relative molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (based on acid).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally 5,000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000 and in particular 50,000 to 100,000.
- biodegradable terpolymers for example those which, as monomers, salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid, and also vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives (see German patent application P 4300772.4), or which, as monomers, salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives (German patent application P 4221381.9) included.
- Suitable builder systems are oxidation products of carboxyl group-containing polyglucosans and / or their water-soluble salts, as are described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/08251 or their preparation, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/16110 or older German patent application P 4330393.0 is described.
- alkali metal carbonates can also be replaced by sulfur-free amino acids and / or salts thereof having from 2 to 11 carbon atoms and optionally a further carboxyl and / or amino group.
- an at least partial exchange of alkali arbonates by glycine or glycinate can be carried out.
- the preferred oil- and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylhydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic cellulose ether. and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates.
- the alkali silicate-based components which have been dried up and in particular overdried according to the invention, are generally distinguished as dry products by their X-ray amorphous nature.
- Amorphous alkali silicates have been used in detergents for a long time, their function essentially consists in that to provide alkalinity necessary for the washing process.
- amorphous sodium silicates are used as spray-dried water glasses with a modulus (SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio) of approximately 2 to 3.5.
- the builder components according to the invention are X-ray amorphous sodium silicates of the module range from 1 to 4, which is usually used in the field mentioned here, in particular within the range from 1.3 to 3.7. Module values of at least 1.5 and in particular the range from 1.5 to 3.3 are of particular importance. Preferred further lower limit values for the module range are 1.7 and in particular 1.9, while further preferred upper limits are module values of 3.0 and in particular 2.7. In the previous practice of using amorphous water glasses in solid form in detergents, module values around 2 - that is to say the disilicate compounds - can be of particular importance. Water glasses of this module value are also suitable according to the invention.
- sodium silicate builders or builder mixtures are used which differ at least in part from this module value and are otherwise within the specified number range.
- Preferred embodiments are characterized in that at least 5% by weight and in particular at least 10 to 20% by weight of the X-ray amorphous sodium silicate binder differ from the module value 2.
- the form of supply of the microporous valuable material grain with its alkali silicate content according to the invention is characterized by high BET surfaces (DIN 66131) and by high numerical values for the cumulative volume (DIN 66133).
- the BET surface area which is particularly useful according to the invention (primary dry material) is at least about 5 m ⁇ / g, with lower limit values for this BET surface area of at least about 7.5 m ⁇ / g and in particular at least about 10 m ⁇ / g is of particular importance.
- the cumulative volume of the primary dry material is generally at least 50 mm / tyg, preferably at least 100 mm / g, and in special cases can also reach higher values, for example 150 mu / g.
- mixtures of substances defined according to the invention are distinguished by improved application properties.
- the increase in incrustation inhibition and thus the improvement of the so-called secondary washing power of, for example, textile detergents, is striking.
- the rate of dissolution of the primary dry material is determined by the second and third components used as mixture components, but is generally in the range of high rates of dissolution. So dissolving speeds of the primary drying good of at most about 2 minutes Standard conditions, preferably of at most about 1 minute under standard conditions - in each case 95% by weight / 40 ° C.
- the absorption capacity of the primary dry material for liquid components is surprisingly high. At least 40 to 50% by weight, based on the primary dry matter, of liquid components, such as corresponding nonionic surfactants, can be applied, for example, in suitable mixing units or simply by spraying. In the case of important embodiments, liquid constituents can also be taken up in a larger amount and essentially incorporated into the interior of the grain structure.
- liquid components such as corresponding nonionic surfactants
- microcrystalline fractions can generally be determined with the aid of electron diffraction. This applies in particular to comparatively strongly over-dried products which have been dried up, for example, in the temperature range up to a maximum of 500 ° C., preferably in the temperature range from 120 to 450 ° C.
- microcrystallinity means that although short-range orders of the individual building blocks are present, comprehensive long-range orders are missing, so that no reflections occur in the X-ray diffraction spectrum and the silicates can thus be characterized as X-ray amorphous.
- Builder components designed according to the invention in the form of the primary dry goods fall within the scope of the invention and have been loaded in a secondary step with further, in particular, flowable components from the area of wetting agents, detergents and cleaning agents.
- the microporous builders can be of particular importance in the binding and absorption of liquid components from the area mentioned. Examples here are liquid nonionic surfactant compounds, water-containing anionic surfactant pastes or at room temperature or moderately elevated temperatures Preparations, but also melts or plasticized highly concentrated anionic surfactants, foam inhibitors such as silicones and / or paraffins, but also textile softener formulations for use in detergents and cleaning agents for household and commercial use.
- the intimate mixing of the flowable components with the inorganic carrier component with a large surface area and the possibility of maintaining this predetermined mixing state also in the context of the complete assembly of the detergents and cleaning agents not only ensures the initially desired solidification of the mixture of valuable substances, in particular the functional stability
- the respective component of the valuable substance is secured when it is mixed into the aqueous wash liquor by the builder component which has a large surface area and high water solubility.
- the builder components used according to the invention consistently have high calcium and magnesium binding capacities, generally of at least 4 meq / g of product (calculated on anhydrous alkali silicate substance). The functionality is thus optimized and ensured, especially of active substances sensitive to water hardness when they first come into contact with the surrounding aqueous phase in the wash liquor.
- the particulate form of supply of the builder components according to the invention based on sodium silicate is characterized by the large accessible surface which is associated with the microporous good structure.
- the mixing of the powder components according to the invention on the basis of the microporous and highly absorbent multicomponent mixture in the form of the primary dry material enables the loaded finished product which is ultimately obtained to be largely adjustable.
- the bulk density of the combined material is largely freely variable.
- the builder components can thus also be used in modern detergents with bulk densities of at least about 0.7 g / cm 3.
- mixture components that can be used in the context of the multi-substance mixture according to the invention or can be applied to the primary dry material is given without any claim to completeness.
- the entire area of valuable and auxiliary materials from the field of washing and cleaning agents is available.
- surfactants of anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic structure as well as further inorganic and / or organic builder substances, bleaching agents and bleach activators, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers, foam inhibitors, optical brighteners, inorganic alkaline and / or neutral in water reacting salts, for example sulfates or chlorides, and dyes and fragrances.
- Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are the known Cg-Cj alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates and alkanesulfonates.
- Esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids or the disalts of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids are also suitable.
- Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters, which are mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as produced by Esterification by a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol can be obtained.
- Suitable sulfate-type surfactants are the sulfuric acid monoesters from primary alcohols of natural and synthetic origin, especially from fatty alcohols, e.g. from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, oleyl alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol, or the C ⁇ o-C2 ⁇ "oxoalk ° -iols, and those secondary alcohols of this chain length. Also the sulfuric acid monoesters with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide Ethoxylated alcohols, such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-Cn alcohols with an average of 2 or 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide, are suitable.
- Preferred anionic surfactant mixtures contain combinations of alk (en) yl sulfates, in particular mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohol sulfates, and alkylbenzenesulfonates, sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters and / or ⁇ -sulfofatty acid esters and / or alkyl sulfosuccinates.
- Mixtures are particularly preferred which contain alk (en) yl sulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates and optionally methyl ⁇ -sulfofatty acid and / or sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters as anionic surfactants.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are, in particular, soaps, preferably in amounts below 5% by weight.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- Unsaturated fatty acid soaps which are derived, for example, from oleic acid, may also be present, but their proportion of the soaps should not exceed 50% by weight.
- the anionic surfactants and soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- the content of anionic surfactants in the compositions is generally between 5 and 40% by weight.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferably in 2- Position may be methyl branched or may contain linear and methyl branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, Ci2-Ci4 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, Cg-Cn alcohol with 7 EO, C ⁇ 3-Ci5 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ - alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of Ci2-Ci4 alcohol with 3 EO and Ci2-C ⁇ g alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical mean values which can be an integer or a fractional number for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- alkyl glycosides of the general formula R0 (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms means and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),
- R 2 is C0 for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R3 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 is up to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the proportion of nonionic surfactants in the compositions is generally 2 to 25% by weight.
- All previous builder substances commonly used can be used as further inorganic builder substances. These include in particular zeolites, crystalline layered silicates, even phosphates, if their use should not be avoided for ecological reasons. Their content can be dependent on the content of the X-ray amorphous and over-dried according to the invention Silicates with body structure vary in a wide range. The sum of customary builder substances and the silicates according to the invention is usually 10 to 60% by weight.
- Usable organic builders that can also be used separately from the alkali metal silicate and / or in combination with corresponding compounds are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids mentioned above, preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids , Aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).
- the polycarboxylic acids mentioned above preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids , Aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are the groups of substances mentioned above, for example the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (based on acid).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. In particular, reference is made to the previous information on these classes of substances.
- bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H2O2-providing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- the bleaching agent content of the agents is preferably 5 to 25% by weight and in particular 10 to 20% by weight, advantageously using boron monohydrate.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the preparations.
- N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H2O, preferably N, N'-tetra-acylated diamines, furthermore carboxylic acid anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate.
- Other known bleach activators are acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol, as described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 525 239.
- the content of bleach activators in the bleach-containing agents is in the usual range, preferably between 1 and 10% by weight and in particular between 3 and 8% by weight.
- Particularly preferred bleach activators are NNN'.N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-l, 3,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitol-mannitol mixtures (SORMAN ).
- TAED NNN'.N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine
- DADHT 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-l
- DADHT 3,5-triazine
- SORMAN acetylated sorbitol-mannitol mixtures
- Suitable foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of Ci8-C24 fatty acids.
- Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally silanized silica, and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica or bistearylethylenediamide. Mixtures of various foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicones, paraffins or waxes.
- the foam inhibitors in particular silicone or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. Mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediaids are particularly preferred.
- Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used.
- Enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures containing cellulase, are of particular interest.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in Hü11 substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
- the salts of polyphosphonic acids in particular 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), come as stabilizers, in particular for per-compounds and enzymes,
- DETPMP Diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid
- ETMP ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid
- Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing graying.
- Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- Water-soluble polyamides containing acid groups are also for this Suitable purpose.
- Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be used.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose are preferred.
- the agents can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-l, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which instead of the morpholino group have a Carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethyl group.
- brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g.
- the bulk density of the preferred granular detergents or cleaners which contain the silicates according to the invention and which have the other components of conventional detergents and cleaning agents applied is generally 300 to 1200 g / 1, but preferably 500 to 1100 g / 1 . Washing and cleaning agents with bulk densities of at least 700 g / l are very particularly preferred. They can be produced by any of the known processes, such as mixing, spray drying, granulating and extruding, the X-ray-amorphous and over-dried silicate compounds according to the invention and preferably those with flowable materials from the field of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular with Nonionic surfactants, loaded silicate compounds are advantageously added to the other components of the agent.
- an aqueous solution of water glass and soda is spray-dried with superheated steam.
- the aqueous solution of the mixture of valuable materials to be dried is sprayed with superheated steam as the propellant gas via a two-component nozzle.
- the sodium carbuonate was dissolved in distilled water at about 80 ° C. to give a clear solution and mixed with the water glass present as an aqueous preparation.
- a mixing ratio of 1: 1 - based on dry matter (TS) - is set for the two components water glass and soda as Na2CÜ3 x IOH2O.
- TS content of the feed solution 37% by weight pH of the aqueous preparation: 12.2
- Feed pump pressure 0.6 bar
- a free-flowing, fine-grained white product is obtained as a process product, which is characterized by the following material parameters:
- Example 1 In the system of Example 1, an aqueous preparation of water glass, soda and sodium citrate is spray-dried with superheated steam as the drying gas.
- the following mixing ratio (calculated as TS) is set:
- the sodium carbonate was dissolved together with the trisodium citrate in distilled water at about 80 ° C. to give a clear solution and added to the water glass.
- Feed pump pressure 0.8 bar
- a free-flowing granular material is obtained with a residual moisture (140 ° C.) of 1.2% by weight and a bulk density of 155 g / l.
- the solubility in water (90 wt .-% / 20 ° C) is 98 see.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59506956T DE59506956D1 (de) | 1994-03-01 | 1995-02-20 | Mehrstoffgemische auf basis wasserlöslicher alkalisilikatverbindungen und ihre verwendung |
US08/700,485 US5814597A (en) | 1994-03-01 | 1995-02-20 | Multicomponent mixtures based on water-soluble alkali metal silicate compounds and their use, more particularly as builders in detergents |
JP7522661A JPH09509641A (ja) | 1994-03-01 | 1995-02-20 | 水溶性のケイ酸アルカリ化合物を基本とする多物質混合物およびその使用 |
EP95911243A EP0748369B1 (de) | 1994-03-01 | 1995-02-20 | Mehrstoffgemische auf basis wasserlöslicher alkalisilikatverbindungen und ihre verwendung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4406592.2 | 1994-03-01 | ||
DE4406592A DE4406592A1 (de) | 1994-03-01 | 1994-03-01 | Verbesserte Mehrstoffgemische auf Basis wasserlöslicher Alkalisilikatverbindungen und ihre Verwendung, insbesondere zum Einsatz als Builder in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995023841A1 true WO1995023841A1 (de) | 1995-09-08 |
Family
ID=6511473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1995/000604 WO1995023841A1 (de) | 1994-03-01 | 1995-02-20 | Mehrstoffgemische auf basis wasserlöslicher alkalisilikatverbindungen und ihre verwendung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5814597A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0748369B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09509641A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1140466A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE185164T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4406592A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2138192T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995023841A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6541443B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2003-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multifunctional detergent materials |
EP0859827B2 (de) † | 1995-09-13 | 2006-06-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Verfahren zur herstellung eines amorphen alkalisilikats mit imprägnierung |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19501269A1 (de) | 1995-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Amorphes Alkalisilikat-Compound |
DE19709411A1 (de) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschmittelformkörper |
US6506766B1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2003-01-14 | Abbott Laboratories | Glucocortiocoid-selective antinflammatory agents |
US20060178289A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-08-10 | Enrique Hernandez | Multifunctional material compositions and methods |
US20060019865A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-26 | Enrique Hernandez | Methods and compositions of multifunctional detergent components |
US7459422B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2008-12-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a granular detergent composition having improved solubility |
US20070161539A1 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-07-12 | Enrique Hernandez | Method of regulating degree of polymerization of an alkali metal silicate in solution using pH |
BRPI1015317A2 (pt) * | 2009-04-06 | 2018-02-20 | Hernandez Enrique | composições de sal de metal de álcali e sílicas, detergentes formados de tais composições e método para formação de tal composição |
CN111825432A (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-27 | 中南大学湘雅医院 | 一种细晶粒粉色zta陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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- 1995-02-20 JP JP7522661A patent/JPH09509641A/ja active Pending
- 1995-02-20 US US08/700,485 patent/US5814597A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-20 WO PCT/EP1995/000604 patent/WO1995023841A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-02-20 AT AT95911243T patent/ATE185164T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-20 EP EP95911243A patent/EP0748369B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP0859827B2 (de) † | 1995-09-13 | 2006-06-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Verfahren zur herstellung eines amorphen alkalisilikats mit imprägnierung |
US6541443B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2003-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multifunctional detergent materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0748369A1 (de) | 1996-12-18 |
EP0748369B1 (de) | 1999-09-29 |
US5814597A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
CN1140466A (zh) | 1997-01-15 |
ES2138192T3 (es) | 2000-01-01 |
JPH09509641A (ja) | 1997-09-30 |
ATE185164T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
DE4406592A1 (de) | 1995-09-07 |
DE59506956D1 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
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