WO1995012420A1 - Revetements de surfaces constituant une barriere - Google Patents

Revetements de surfaces constituant une barriere Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995012420A1
WO1995012420A1 PCT/US1994/012659 US9412659W WO9512420A1 WO 1995012420 A1 WO1995012420 A1 WO 1995012420A1 US 9412659 W US9412659 W US 9412659W WO 9512420 A1 WO9512420 A1 WO 9512420A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
article
barrier
article according
latex
coating
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Application number
PCT/US1994/012659
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English (en)
Inventor
Melvin John Swanson
Original Assignee
Bsi Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bsi Corporation filed Critical Bsi Corporation
Priority to AU80983/94A priority Critical patent/AU8098394A/en
Publication of WO1995012420A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995012420A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
    • A61L29/085—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
    • A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to articles such as latex rubber gloves, and to methods aimed at reducing the incidence of problems attributable to the leaching of immunogenic proteins from such gloves to the skin of the wearer in the course of their use.
  • the invention relates to medical articles prepared from materials such as latex rubber, silicone rubber and woven and nonwoven fabrics, and to methods of reducing the adsorption or attraction of pathogenic molecules and particles onto such materials, the leaching of molecules from such materials or the passing of molecules or particles through such materials.
  • Type IN hypersensitivity is thought to be caused primarily by a variety of accelerators, vulcanizers and antioxidants used in the manufacture of rubber products (See, for example, Non Hintzenstern, J., A. Heese, H.U. Koch, K.-P. Peters and O.P. Hornstein, "Frequency, Spectrum and Occupational Relevance of Type IN Allergies to Rubber Chemicals", Contact Dermatitis 24: 244 (1991)).
  • IgE-mediated hypersensitivity can range from urticaria to anaphylaxis, and can be life threatening.
  • the allergens that cause this type of hypersensitivity appear to be provided by proteinaceous materials that are typically present in commercial latex. It is believed that such materials are able to leach out in the course of the use of the material, in a manner that allows them to contact the skin of the user. It has been estimated that unprocessed raw latex contains approximately 2-3 % protein, by weight (See Tomazic, N.J., et al. above). Some of the protein is removed during processing, but varying amounts will remain. The actual amount of protein remaining in the material will depend in large part on the process used for making the finished products.
  • the allergens range in molecular weight from about 100,000 to 10,000 daltons (See, e.g., Chambeyron, C, J. Dry, F. Leynadier, C. Pecquet and Tran Xuan Thao, "Study of the Allergenic Fractions of Latex", Allergy 47: 92 (1992)).
  • Latex rubber is widely used in the medical industry and its use has increased significantly in recent years. Some uses include the manufacture of surgeon's and exam gloves, urinary and other types of catheters, anesthesia ventilators, stoppers for vials, syringe plungers and dental polishers. With the rapid increase in HIN-infected patients, the use of latex rubber gloves has increased dramatically. This, in turn, has resulted in increased exposure to latex by both medical personnel and patients.
  • Adding to the problem with latex gloves is the use of powder for improving donning lubricity.
  • the allergens appear to adsorb to the powder, which in turn can serve as a vehicle for further spreading the allergens into the air or to other sites of exposure such as door knobs and faucet handles.
  • Alternative materials can be used to prepare many of the medical products that are presently prepared using latex. Such other materials, however, are typically more expensive, and have less desirable elastic and functional properties than those of latex rubber. Although it is possible to find substitute materials for those who are most sensitive or at particular risk, it is not practical to entirely eliminate the use of latex rubber for all medical products.
  • Silicone rubber for instance, is widely used for implanted medical devices, including ventriculoperitoneal shunts, artificial joints, blood vessel grafts, angioplasty balloons, ocular lenses, heart valves, testicular prostheses and breast implants. Silicone implants, however, have been demonstrated to cause immune responses in some individuals over the course of long term exposure. It appears that either autoimmune responses to silicone-protein complexes or antibody induction against silicone polymers can result from silicone implants. The release of solubilized silicone from such implants could conceivably contribute to the problem.
  • the present invention provides an article useful for contact with a biological environment, the article comprising a surface bearing a stable polymeric coating capable of serving as a "barrier" to the passage of pathogenic mediators between the surface and the biological environment.
  • the barrier is capable of being stably applied to the surface in a manner that allows it to be retained in place over the course of the use of the article, yet does not detrimentally affect the desired properties of the article.
  • the invention provides a method of preparing such an article, comprising the step of providing at least a portion of the surface of the article with a stable coating capable of serving as an effective barrier to the passage of pathogenic mediators.
  • the invention further provides an article bearing such a coating in apposition to a biological environment.
  • the invention provides medical articles manufactured using materials such as latex rubber, silicone rubber, or woven or non-woven fabrics, the surface of such materials bearing a barrier coating of a type described herein.
  • the barrier coating is capable of establishing a barrier to the passage of pathogenic mediators between the article and the body, for example, it substantially prevents the release of allergens from or through the article, and prevents the passage of immune cells from the host to the surface itself.
  • the invention relates to medical devices and other articles having surfaces that are intended to contact biological substances, including tissues and fluids of the body.
  • the invention relates to materials useful for manufacturing such articles and surfaces.
  • the invention further relates to methods and means useful for reducing the possibility of deleterious effects of such materials when placed in contact with the body.
  • barrier coatings are effective in preventing macromolecules such as allergens from attaching to or leaching from medical articles prepared from materials such as latex rubber.
  • the barrier coatings of the present invention provide a particularly optimal combination of effectiveness, ease of application, cost and versatility, particularly for use as coatings for medical articles prepared from latex rubber, silicone rubber, and woven and nonwoven fabrics.
  • polymeric coating compound shall refer to a polymer having latent reactive groups and capable of being immobilized on or to a surface, e.g. , by activating the latent reactive groups to form a tightly crosslinked layer, in order to provide the surface with a physical barrier to the passage of pathogenic mediators;
  • pathogenic mediator and “mediator of pathologic response” shall refer to molecules such as macromolecules, including antigens and antibodies, and particles such as viral particles and cells, having the potential to elicit a pathologic, e.g., immunologic, response in a living host, such mediators being capable of movement between an article and a biological environment provided by the host;
  • article shall refer to an object fabricated, at least in part, from a material as described herein, the article having a surface intended for use in physical (e.g., fluid) contact with a biological substance, and preferably with a body tissue or fluid;
  • material shall refer to the chemical makeup of the surface of an article, for instance, a latex rubber or silicone rubber; "surface” shall refer to any interface between an article and a biological environment having the potential to allow the passage of pathogenic mediators between the article and the environment;
  • coating when used as the noun, shall refer to an immobilized polymeric layer on a surface, the coating being useful as a barrier between a surface and its environment;
  • barrier shall refer to the ability of a coating to substantially prevent the passage of pathogenic mediators between a surface and its environment;
  • a preferred polymeric coating compound of the present invention includes photoactivatable polyacrylamide having sufficiently low molecular weight and a sufficiently high level of photogroups to achieve a level of crosslinking sufficient to provide an effective barrier when coated onto a surface and photoactivated.
  • the polymer is not only coupled to the surface via the photogroups but also becomes crosslinked to form a membrane-like coating.
  • the polymers of the invention are preferably chosen so as to form either a tightly crosslinked layer or a densely packed layer on the surface, in order to prevent soluble macromolecules or particulates, such as pathogenic viruses or bacteria, from penetrating the barrier.
  • the polymer is a photopolymer of relatively low molecular weight and relatively high level of photoactivatable groups such that the polymer can photochemically couple both to the surface and to the polymer to form a tightly crosslinked excluding layer.
  • two photopolymers are used, one which contains reactive functional groups capable of reacting thermochemically with appropriate functional groups on the other.
  • the barrier effect is based at least in part on principles of size exclusion.
  • the barrier might simply serve to lessen the degree to which a permeable surface is constantly flushed or bathed with fluids from a biological environment, thereby lessening the rate at which materials might be adsorbed or leached from the surface.
  • Preferred polymers used for preparing barrier coatings include photoactivatable derivatives of polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextran or many other relatively hydrophilic polymers.
  • the polymers can also include charged groups, such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, quaternary ammonium or primary, secondary or tertiary amines.
  • charged monomers that can be incorporated into the polymers used for barrier coatings include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride.
  • the mediators to be excluded by the barrier coating can be proteins or other macromolecules, either within the article itself (e.g., latex rubber proteins) or present in solutions or substances (e.g. , bodily fluids or tissues) contacting the article. Examples of the latter include blood proteins, other blood or tissue molecules or macromolecules in other solutions that contact the article.
  • Other macromolecules to be excluded by the barrier coatings of this invention include polymers that would be released from the solid in the absence of the coating, either by breakdown of the solid polymer or by leaching of oligomers from within the bulk polymer.
  • lipids examples include lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or any types of conjugated biological macromolecules, such as lipoproteins, glycolipids or glycoproteins.
  • Particles that are desirable to exclude by the barrier coatings of this invention include viruses, bacteria or fungi in solutions contacting the solid to be coated. Such particles can also can include insoluble fragments of material released from the solid to be coated.
  • the barrier coating consists of photopolyacrylamide containing benzophenone groups on the polymer (between 2 and 4 mole percent) and having a molecular weight of between 10,000 and 50,000 daltons.
  • the polymer is first applied to the surface, after which the photoactivatable groups are activated by illumination to form a tightly crosslinked coating on the surface.
  • the method of the present invention is useful with articles prepared from a variety of materials, including latex rubber, silicone elastomers or polypropylene nonwoven fabrics. In a preferred embodiment the method is used to coat articles prepared using latex rubber or silicone rubber materials.
  • latex rubber refers to natural rubber and its derivatives. Commercial grade natural rubber typically includes about 93-95 weight % cis-l,4-isoprene. The nonrubber portion typically contains about 2-3 weight % protein, together with other materials. See generally, "Rubber, Natural", pages 1013-1017, in Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering. J. Kroschwitz, ed. , Wiley & Sons, 1990, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • silicone rubber refers to rubbers such as "RTN"
  • nonwoven fabrics refers to synthetic fabrics such as melt blown or spun bond polypropylene. See, for example, “Nonwoven Fabrics”, pages 655-660, in Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering. J. Kroschwitz, ed., Wiley & Sons, 1990, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the method of the present invention is able to provide a coating that provides a barrier to immunological reaction, e.g., substantially reduces the leaching of allergens from a material, the adsorption of antibodies or other biomolecules to a material or passage of molecules or particles through the material.
  • the coatings are able to function without "detrimental effect" on the properties for which the material is intended to be used, i.e., without affecting properties of the material to a point where it is no longer suitable for its intended purpose.
  • Articles made from such materials include medical articles used externally to the body, such as gloves and gowns, and medical articles to be implanted in or on the body.
  • Examples of such devices include gloves, catheters, grafts, implants, balloons, valves, prostheses, and the like.
  • articles prepared using latex include gloves such as surgeon's and exam gloves, condoms, catheters such as urinary catheters, anesthesia ventilators, stoppers for vials that are to contain biological substances or substances for biological use, syringe plungers and dental polishers.
  • Silicone rubber for instance, is widely used for implanted medical devices, including ventriculoperitoneal shunts, artificial joints, blood vessel grafts, angioplasty balloons, ocular lenses, heart valves, testicular prostheses and breast implants.
  • Barrier coatings can also be used for preventing pathogenic viruses or bacteria in body fluids from passing through medical fabrics, such as surgical drapes and surgeon's gowns, typically made from nonwoven polypropylene.
  • the coating compounds employed in the present invention are polymeric in nature, that is, they have repeating units and a molecular weight distribution. Most preferably, the coating compounds are derived from or formed as synthetic polymers.
  • the polymers of the invention include oligomers, homopolymers and copolymers resulting from addition or condensation polymerization, and natural polymers including nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, linear polysaccharides such as amylose, dextran, chitosan, heparin and hyaluronic acid, and branched polysaccharides such as amylopectin, glycogen and hemi- celluloses.
  • the polymers may include several distinct polymer types, as may be prepared by terminal or side chain grafting.
  • the polymers of the invention may include cellulose- based products such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and cellulose butyrate, acrylics such as those polymerized from hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glyceryl acrylate, glyceryl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide and methacrylamide, vinyls such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, nylons such as polycaprolactam, polylauryl lactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide and polyhexamethylene dodecanediamide, polyurethanes and polylactic acids.
  • cellulose- based products such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and cellulose butyrate
  • acrylics such as those polymerized from
  • the vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyacrylamide and the polyethers such as polyethylene glycol.
  • the invention is described below primarily with respect to the use of single coating compounds that are homopolyfunctional (that is, that bear two or more identical latent reactive groups (and such is preferred)).
  • the coating compounds themselves may be heteropolyfunctional (that is, they may contain two or more different latent reactive groups) and they may have different properties which they confer upon the matrix.
  • the polymeric coating compounds employed in the invention desirably are soluble or at least dispersible in a solvent (to form, for example, a colloidal suspension), and preferably are soluble in water to at least the extent of 1 gram/liter at 23 °C.
  • a "latent reactive group” refers to a chemical group that responds to an applied external energy source in order to undergo active specie generation, resulting in covalent bonding to an adjacent chemical structure (e.g. , an abstractable hydrogen). Preferred groups are sufficiently stable to be stored under conditions in which they retain such properties. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,002,582, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Latent reactive groups can be chosen that are responsive to various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, with those responsive to ultraviolet and visible portions of the spectrum (referred to herein as "photoreactive") being particularly preferred.
  • Latent reactive groups respond to specific applied external stimuli to undergo active specie generation with resultant covalent bonding to an adjacent chemical structure, e.g., as provided by the same or a different molecule.
  • Latent reactive groups are those groups of atoms in a molecule that retain their covalent bonds unchanged under conditions of storage but that, upon activation by an external energy source, form covalent bonds with other molecules.
  • the latent reactive groups generate active species such as free radicals and particularly nitrenes, carbenes, and excited states of ketones upon absorption of external electric, electromagnetic or kinetic (thermal) energy.
  • Latent reactive groups may be chosen to be responsive to various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and latent reactive groups that are responsive to e.g., ultraviolet and visible portions of the spectrum are preferred and are referred to herein occasionally as "photochemical" groups.
  • Photoreactive aryl ketones such as acetophenone and benzophenone, or their derivatives, are preferred, since these functional groups, typically, are readily capable of undergoing the activation/inactivation/reactivation cycle described herein.
  • Benzophenone is a particularly preferred photoreactive group, since it is capable of photochemical excitation with the initial formation of an excited singlet state that undergoes intersystem crossing to the triplet state.
  • the excited triplet state can insert into carbon-hydrogen bonds by abstraction of a hydrogen atom (from a support surface, for example), thus creating a radical pair. Subsequent collapse of the radical pair leads to formation of a new carbon-carbon bond.
  • a reactive bond e.g., carbon-hydrogen
  • the ultraviolet light-induced excitation of the benzophenone group is reversible and the molecule returns to ground state energy level upon removal of the energy source.
  • photoreactive aryl ketones are particularly preferred.
  • the azides constitute a preferred class of latent reactive groups and include arylazides
  • Diazo compounds constitute another class of latent reactive groups and include diazoalkanes (-CHN 2 ) such as diazomethane and diphenyldiazomethane, diazoketones O
  • N 2 such as t-butyl alpha diazoacetoacetate.
  • Other latent reactive groups include the aliphatic
  • azo compounds such as azobiscyanovaleric acid, the diazirines
  • Photoactivatable aryl ketones such as benzophenone and
  • acetophenone are of particular importance inasmuch as these groups are subject to
  • compounds are contemplated as another class of latent reactive groups and include dialkyl peroxides such as di-t-butyl peroxide and dicyclohexyl peroxide and diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide and diacetyl peroxide and peroxyesters such as ethyl peroxybenzoate.
  • dialkyl peroxides such as di-t-butyl peroxide and dicyclohexyl peroxide
  • diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide and diacetyl peroxide and peroxyesters such as ethyl peroxybenzoate.
  • the coating compounds are
  • latent reactive groups covalently bound to each other and/or to the surface of the article by covalent bonds through residues of the latent reactive groups.
  • latent reactive groups are as follows: Latent Reactive Group Residue Functionality aryl azides amine R-NH-R' acyl azides amide R-C-NH-R' azidoformates carbamate R-O-C-NH-R' sulfonyl azides sulfonamide R-S-NH-R' phosphoryl azides phosphoramide (RO) 2 P-NH-R' diazoalkanes new C-C bond diazoketones new CC bond & ketone diazoacetates new C-C bond & ester beta-keto-alpha-diazoacetates new C-C bond & beta-ketoester aliphatic azo new C-C bond
  • the coating compounds of the invention desirably have an average of at least two and preferably three or more latent reactive groups per molecule.
  • Three-dimensional molecular networks may be formed through the use of polymeric coating compound molecules each having two or more latent reactive groups.
  • the density of covalent bonds resulting from activation of the reactive groups and hence the "tightness" of the three-dimensional molecular network that is formed will be increased by decreasing the distance between latent reactive groups that are employed in the coating compound.
  • a bifunctional polymeric coating compound may have one latent reactive group at each of its two ends.
  • 4-bromomethylbenzophenone derived from the free radical bromination of 4-methylbenzophenone
  • polyethylene glycol may be reacted with polyethylene glycol to form a bifunctional coating compound having -(CH 2 -CH 2 -0)- repeating units and terminating in benzophenone latent reactive groups.
  • Polymeric coating compounds used in the invention may have latent reactive groups incorporated at random positions along the polymer backbone. It may in some instances be desirable to provide polymers with more predictable sites for attachment of latent reactive groups. Polymeric coating compounds desirably, but not necessarily, have latent reactive groups at their ends or at random locations along their backbones (spaced from their ends) or both.
  • backbone as used herein in connection with polymer molecules, reference is made to the chain of atoms that is characteristic of the polymer and that results from the polymerization reaction. For example, polyethylene glycol
  • polymers are characterized by a "backbone" of repeating -(-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-)- groups, whereas polyacrylamide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone have backbones characterized by carbon-carbon bonds, alternating carbon atoms in the backbone having pendent amide or pyrrolidone groups, respectively.
  • a polymer that includes at least one latent reactive group along its backbone spaced from its ends can be prepared by copolymerizing the basic monomer or monomers for the polymer with a monomer to which can be readily attached a latent reactive group such as a photoreactive group.
  • a photoreactive polyacrylamide polymer can be obtained by copolymerizing acrylamide with a small quantity of N-(3- aminopropyl)methacrylamide to provide random amine-functional groups along the polymer backbone, and then reacting the polymer with an amine-reactive photoreactive reagent such as benzoylbenzoylchlori.de.
  • Coating compounds may be derived from naturally occurring polymers such as hyaluronic acid by known methods such as those taught in U.S. Patent 5,002,582, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the tightness of the three- dimensional network that is formed will depend upon the density of covalent bonds formed from the latent reactive groups carried by the coating compound and the molecular weight and the ability of the polymeric coating compound to pack tightly on the surface.
  • the method of the invention finds particular utility, however, in the formation of a coating upon a surface, desirably a solid surface, to which the film becomes covalently bonded by latent reactive groups of the coating compound.
  • the surface itself becomes chemically involved in the formation of the three- dimensional matrix.
  • Such surfaces preferably have abstractable hydrogen atoms and participate readily in the formation of covalent bonds upon activation of the latent reactive
  • the coating compound is applied to a surface, and the latent reactive groups of the coating compounds are simultaneously reacted to form covalent bonds between the coating compound and the surface and between different molecules of the coating compound, to form a three dimensional molecular network.
  • the polymeric coating compound is applied to a surface from a solvent medium, preferably from solution and most preferably from aqueous solution.
  • the coating compound is in solution and applied as a wet film to the surface, following which the latent reactive groups are activated, by light, in the case of photoreactive groups.
  • Solvent may be partially or totally removed from the wet film before activation of the latent reactive groups.
  • the latent reactive groups may be reacted in the presence of the solvent.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of Photoactivatable Polyacrylamide
  • acrylamide (14.1 mmole) was dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran.
  • To this solution was added 175 mg of benzoylbenzoyl-aminopropylmethacrylamide (0.5 mmole) (previously synthesized by reacting benzoylbenzoyl chloride with 3- aminopropylmethacrylamide) and 50 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile.
  • the solution was sparged with argon, sealed, then put at 55°C overnight to polymerize.
  • the resulting polymer was collected by filtration, then dissolved in deionized water, dialyzed against deionized water and lyophilized.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Synthesis of Photoactivatable Polyacrylamide
  • Latex balloons useful as covers for rectal probes used in imaging procedures were coated with the photopolyacrylamide of Example 1.
  • the balloons were first thoroughly cleaned with an isopropyl alcohol (IP A) wipe. Following IPA the balloons were dipped into a solution of 15 mg/ml photopolyacrylamide in 20% isopropanol. The balloons were removed from the solution, and while still wet, were centered in a Dymax brand light chamber between two lamps set 20 inches apart, where they were then illuminated until dry (2 minutes). The coating and illumination procedure was repeated to provide a total of two coats. The balloons were thoroughly washed with water, dried and stored until tested.
  • IP A isopropyl alcohol
  • the balloons were tested for latex leaching by extracting proteins from the surface and measuring allergens with an immunoblot assay using a pool of serum from allergic patients .
  • a preliminary comparison of uncoated vs. coated balloons showed greater than 90% reduction in allergens extracted.
  • the balloons appeared to retain their desirable physical properties in that they remained pliant and extensible, as well as visually indistinguishable from uncoated balloons.
  • a solution of the polymer of Example 1 in aqueous solution at 15 mg/ml is applied to a melt blown polypropylene fabric.
  • the solution is applied to the surface of the fabric and spread across the surface by rolling a glass rod across the fabric with enough pressure to compress the fabric under the rod.
  • the solution is then dried on the fabric and illuminated with uv light.
  • the coating formed will prevent passage of viruses, blood cells, bacteria or other microorganisms through the fabric.

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Abstract

Articles dont une surface est conçue pour être en contact avec un milieu biologique extérieur, au moins une partie de ladite surface comportant un revêtement stable pouvant servir de barrière efficace contre le passage de molécules entre la surface et le milieu.
PCT/US1994/012659 1993-11-04 1994-11-02 Revetements de surfaces constituant une barriere WO1995012420A1 (fr)

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AU80983/94A AU8098394A (en) 1993-11-04 1994-11-02 Barrier coatings for surfaces

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US14815793A 1993-11-04 1993-11-04
US08/148,157 1993-11-04

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Cited By (6)

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EP0859547A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1998-08-26 BSI Corporation Enrobages rendant les virus inactifs
WO2000035484A3 (fr) * 1998-12-18 2000-10-19 Michael Caplan Procedes et compositions pour diminuer les reactions allergiques aux allergenes de surface
US6444318B1 (en) 2001-07-17 2002-09-03 Surmodics, Inc. Self assembling monolayer compositions
US7348055B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2008-03-25 Surmodics, Inc. Reagent and method for providing coatings on surfaces
US8058314B2 (en) 1999-10-27 2011-11-15 Yale University Conductance of improperly folded proteins through the secretory pathway and related methods for treating disease
US10617794B2 (en) 2015-02-23 2020-04-14 Trustees Of Boston University Macroinitiators for hydrophilic coatings on latex and applications thereof

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EP0859547A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1998-08-26 BSI Corporation Enrobages rendant les virus inactifs
EP0859547A4 (fr) * 1995-06-07 2000-12-20 Surmodics Inc Enrobages rendant les virus inactifs
WO2000035484A3 (fr) * 1998-12-18 2000-10-19 Michael Caplan Procedes et compositions pour diminuer les reactions allergiques aux allergenes de surface
US8058314B2 (en) 1999-10-27 2011-11-15 Yale University Conductance of improperly folded proteins through the secretory pathway and related methods for treating disease
US6444318B1 (en) 2001-07-17 2002-09-03 Surmodics, Inc. Self assembling monolayer compositions
US6689473B2 (en) 2001-07-17 2004-02-10 Surmodics, Inc. Self assembling monolayer compositions
US7361724B2 (en) 2001-07-17 2008-04-22 Surmodics, Inc. Self assembling monolayer compositions
US7348055B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2008-03-25 Surmodics, Inc. Reagent and method for providing coatings on surfaces
US7736689B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2010-06-15 Surmodics, Inc. Reagent and method for providing coatings on surfaces
US8039524B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2011-10-18 Surmodics, Inc. Reagent and method for providing coatings on surfaces
US10617794B2 (en) 2015-02-23 2020-04-14 Trustees Of Boston University Macroinitiators for hydrophilic coatings on latex and applications thereof

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