WO1995010569A1 - Low emissivity paint - Google Patents
Low emissivity paint Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995010569A1 WO1995010569A1 PCT/GB1994/002238 GB9402238W WO9510569A1 WO 1995010569 A1 WO1995010569 A1 WO 1995010569A1 GB 9402238 W GB9402238 W GB 9402238W WO 9510569 A1 WO9510569 A1 WO 9510569A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- paint
- pigment
- paint according
- paints
- microns
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- -1 aliphatic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/30—Camouflage paints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
Definitions
- the invention relates to a paint, particularly a low emissivity paint, that is a paint which provides a low emissivity of incident electromagnetic energy.
- One type of device known as a Thermal Observation Gunnery Sight, detects emitted infrared radiation in the far red wave bands of 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 microns using thermal imaging apparatus, and in order to camouflage equipment from detection, it is necessary to reduce infrared emissions to a level where the camouflaged object has a similar emissivity to its background.
- vegetation typically has an emissivity of about 0.5-0.6.
- materials which have a shiny or lustrous finish, such as metals have a low emissivity, a typical metallic lacquer having an emissivity of about 0.5.
- Paints with metallic constituents are widely known in for example, the automotive industry; however these do not provide good visual camouflage and also do not have a low emissivity because the pigments used disrupt the action of the metallic particles. Conversely, materials with matt finishes provide good visual camouflage, but have a high emissivity.
- a paint comprising a binder, a pigment, a thixotropic agent and electromagnetic energy reflective particles, wherein the particle size of the pigment is adapted to facilitate a reduction in the emissivity of the paint of electromagnetic energy of far infrared wavelengths.
- far infrared wavelengths means from 0.9 to 100 microns.
- the pigment comprises from 55 to 100% of pigment particles in the size range from 0.01 to 0.095 microns, more preferably in the range from 0.025 to 0.075 microns. It is most preferred that the pigment comprises from 75 to 100% of - gment particles of about 0.05 microns.
- a paint which has a matt finish and includes pigments whilst retaining a relatively low emissivity of electromagnetic radiation can be obtained by adapting the pigment particles to prevent them interfering with the emissivity reducing properties conferred on the paint by the energy reflective particles.
- a low emissivity in this context means emissivities from 0.1 to 0.6.
- the energy reflective panicles preferably comprise silver plated copper flake, which has the advantage of being relatively inexpensive. Aluminium and other reflective panicles, such as metal-plated microspheres and metal plated fibres are also suitable.
- Water can be added to provide the consistency required for proper application, or a solvent can be substituted, comprising between 10% and 60%.
- the paint may comprise a plasticising resin to give flexibility to the formulation, especially when a non-flexible binder is used. It may also be provided with a small amount of dye to enhance or modify colour.
- Suitable binders include solvent-soluble polymers, and a particularly suitable binder is a chlorinated polymer, due to its durability and fire-retardant properties.
- Suitable pigments include cadmium sulphide P101 , iron blue 510D and red oxide 470, particularly as the visible appearance of the paint will be of importance because the paint may have to blend in with ordinary paints and still provide low emissivity in the infrared region.
- a paint with low emissivity in the far infrared region as hereinabove described packed in a capsule suitable for firing from a projectile-firing device.
- Typical commercially available pigments have a particle size of from 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and in order to prepare paints embodying the invention it is usually necessary to first reduce the particle size by grinding with any suitable machine to reduce the particle size to the desired range. Once this has been accomplished the paint may be formulated and mixed using known techniques to produce the desired colour and consistency.
- binders may be used depending on the precise properties which are required in the paint. Examples of suitable binders are non-reactive polyurethane resins, moisture-cured polyurethane resins, acrylic-urethane resins and acrylic resins.
- Suitable thixotropic agents include modified clays, hydrogenated castor oil derivatives, fumed silica, and fibrous polyolefins.
- the thixotropic agent serves not only to provide a desired consistency, but also acts to keep the energy reflecting particles dispersed and in suspension in the paint.
- suitable solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic esters, aliphatic ketones and glycol esters.
- An example of a typical formulation of paint embodying the invention comprises: -
- Cadmium Sulphide P101 Cadmium Sulphide P101
- the solvent constituent is optional, and the paint may be pigmented in all standard colours.
- a paint with this formulation is inherently stable and so can be packaged very simply.
- the material can be supplied in capsules for delivery by missiles projected by firearms or mortars, for example. Being very light, the capsules do not affect the flight of the missiles and so a very accurate flight path can be predicted and the paint will serve as an effective target marker.
- the marked target can then be viewed by an infrared viewing device and action taken as appropriate on the now easily-located target.
- Other examples of packaging include aerosol containers, other spray cans or a tin of conventional brush application paint. Paints embodying the invention can also be used to "invisibly" mark vehicles and apparatus, so that the markings can only be seen by personnel using thermal imaging equipment.
- the paint may appear in visible light as a normal paint, when a painted area is viewed on an article in infrared light, the area will appear in sharp contrast to the adjacent non-painted area because the level of emissivity is reduced by the paint.
- a typical level of emissivity would be 0.6 or below.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Paints with a low emissivity in the infrared region are useful for marking objects to stand out when viewed in infrared sensitive viewing devices such as thermal imaging equipment, and for camouflaging vehicles and equipment. Such paints can be applied to objects by firing paints in a capsule from a projectile firing mechanism. One such paint can be formulated by providing chlorinated polymer, plasticizing resin, one or more pigments and clay thickener, all between 1 % and 10 % by weight and energy reflective particles between 10 % and 60 % together with a small amount of dye and possibly of solvent. The energy reflective particles may be aluminium or silver plated copper flake, for example.
Description
LOW EMBSIVΠΎ PAINT
The invention relates to a paint, particularly a low emissivity paint, that is a paint which provides a low emissivity of incident electromagnetic energy.
In the past, vehicles and installations have been camouflaged in a variety of different ways, all of which have the effect of making the subject blend-in visually with its background. For this purpose, paints have been employed with a colour and finish to match the surroundings, such as matt blues and greys for naval theatres, and matt browns and greens for terrestrial theatres. With the advent of electronic imaging systems which utilise emitted electromagnetic radiation, it has become necessary to camouflage equipment not only visually, but also to camouflage electronically, by reducing the amount of radiation emitted that such devices can detect. One type of device, known as a Thermal Observation Gunnery Sight, detects emitted infrared radiation in the far red wave bands of 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 microns using thermal imaging apparatus, and in order to camouflage equipment from detection, it is necessary to reduce infrared emissions to a level where the camouflaged object has a similar emissivity to its background. For example, vegetation typically has an emissivity of about 0.5-0.6. Typically, materials which have a shiny or lustrous finish, such as metals, have a low emissivity, a typical metallic lacquer having an emissivity of about 0.5. Paints with metallic constituents are widely known in for example, the automotive industry; however these do not provide good visual camouflage and also do not have a low emissivity because the pigments used disrupt the action of the metallic particles. Conversely, materials with matt finishes provide good visual camouflage, but have a high emissivity.
It is an object of the present invention to mitigate problems such as this.
According to the invention there is provided a paint comprising a binder, a pigment, a thixotropic agent and electromagnetic energy reflective particles, wherein the particle size of the pigment is adapted to facilitate a reduction in the emissivity of the paint of electromagnetic energy of far infrared wavelengths.
As used herein, the term far infrared wavelengths means from 0.9 to 100 microns.
It is preferred that the pigment comprises from 55 to 100% of pigment particles in the size range from 0.01 to 0.095 microns, more preferably in the range from 0.025 to 0.075 microns. It is most preferred that the pigment comprises from 75 to 100% of - gment particles of about 0.05 microns.
Thus, it has surprisingly been found that a paint which has a matt finish and includes pigments whilst retaining a relatively low emissivity of electromagnetic radiation can be obtained by adapting the pigment particles to prevent them interfering with the emissivity reducing properties conferred on the paint by the energy reflective particles. A low emissivity in this context means emissivities from 0.1 to 0.6.
The energy reflective panicles preferably comprise silver plated copper flake, which has the advantage of being relatively inexpensive. Aluminium and other reflective panicles, such as metal-plated microspheres and metal plated fibres are also suitable.
Water can be added to provide the consistency required for proper application, or a solvent can be substituted, comprising between 10% and 60%.
The paint may comprise a plasticising resin to give flexibility to the formulation, especially when a non-flexible binder is used. It may also be provided with a small amount of dye to enhance or modify colour.
Suitable binders include solvent-soluble polymers, and a particularly suitable binder is a chlorinated polymer, due to its durability and fire-retardant properties.
Suitable pigments include cadmium sulphide P101 , iron blue 510D and red oxide 470, particularly as the visible appearance of the paint will be of importance because the paint may have to blend in with ordinary paints and still provide low emissivity in the infrared region.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a paint with low emissivity in the far infrared region as hereinabove described, packed in a capsule suitable for firing from a projectile-firing device.
Typically, commercially available pigments have a particle size of from 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and in order to prepare paints embodying the invention it is usually necessary to first reduce the particle size by grinding with any suitable machine to reduce the particle size to the desired range. Once this has been accomplished the paint may be formulated and mixed using known techniques to produce the desired colour and consistency. A variety of different binders may be used depending on the precise properties which are required in the paint. Examples of suitable binders are non-reactive polyurethane resins, moisture-cured polyurethane resins, acrylic-urethane resins and acrylic resins. Suitable thixotropic agents include modified clays, hydrogenated castor oil derivatives, fumed silica, and fibrous polyolefins. The thixotropic agent serves not only to provide a desired consistency, but also acts to keep the energy
reflecting particles dispersed and in suspension in the paint. Where a solvent is required, examples of suitable solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic esters, aliphatic ketones and glycol esters.
An example of a typical formulation of paint embodying the invention comprises: -
Chlorinated Polymer 1 - 10%
Plasticizing Resin 1 - 10%
Pigment, each 1 - 10%
Cadmium Sulphide P101 ,
Iron Blue 510D, Red Oxide 470
Dye less than 1%
Clay Thickener 1 - 10%
Silver Plated Copper Flake 10 - 60%
Solvent 10 - 60%
As will be appreciated the solvent constituent is optional, and the paint may be pigmented in all standard colours.
A paint with this formulation is inherently stable and so can be packaged very simply. For example, the material can be supplied in capsules for delivery by missiles projected by firearms or mortars, for example. Being very light, the capsules do not affect the flight of the missiles and so a very accurate flight path can be predicted and the paint will serve as an effective target marker. The marked target can then be viewed by an infrared viewing device and action taken as appropriate on the now easily-located target. Other examples of packaging include aerosol containers, other spray cans or a tin of conventional brush application paint. Paints embodying the invention can also be used to
"invisibly" mark vehicles and apparatus, so that the markings can only be seen by personnel using thermal imaging equipment. Thus, although the paint may appear in visible light as a normal paint, when a painted area is viewed on an article in infrared light, the area will appear in sharp contrast to the adjacent non-painted area because the level of emissivity is reduced by the paint. A typical level of emissivity would be 0.6 or below.
Claims
1. A paint comprising a binder, a pigment, a thixotropic agent and electromagnetic energy reflective particles, wherein the particle size of the pigment is adapted to facilitate a reduction in the emissivity of the paint of electromagnetic energy of far infrared wavelengths.
2. A paint according to claim 1 , wherein the pigment comprises from 55 to 100% of pigment particles in the size range from 0.01 to 0.095 microns.
3. A paint according to claim 1 , wherein the pigment comprises from 55 to 100% of pigment particles in the size range of 0.025 to 0.075 microns.
4. A paint according to claim 1. wherein the pigment comprises from 75 to 100% of pigment particles of about 0.05 microns.
5. A paint according to any preceding claim, wherein the energy reflective particles comprise silver plated copper flake.
6. A paint according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the energy reflective particles comprise aluminium.
7. A paint according to any preceding claim, comprising a solvent of at least 10% by weight of the paint.
8. A paint according to any preceding claim, including water.
9. A paint according to any preceding claim, wherein the thixotropic agent includes modified clays, and/or hydrogenated castor oil derivatives, and/or fumed silica, and/or fibrous polyolefins.
10. A projectile for firing from a gun comprising a container of paint as defined in any of claims 1 to 8.
11. An aerosol spray comprising a container of paint as defined in any of claims 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU78208/94A AU7820894A (en) | 1993-10-11 | 1994-10-11 | Low emissivity paint |
| EP94928987A EP0723567A1 (en) | 1993-10-11 | 1994-10-11 | Low emissivity paint |
| NO961443A NO961443L (en) | 1993-10-11 | 1996-04-11 | Paint with low emissivity |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9320865.0 | 1993-10-11 | ||
| GB939320865A GB9320865D0 (en) | 1993-10-11 | 1993-10-11 | Paint |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1995010569A1 true WO1995010569A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
Family
ID=10743296
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1994/002238 WO1995010569A1 (en) | 1993-10-11 | 1994-10-11 | Low emissivity paint |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0723567A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7820894A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9320865D0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO961443L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995010569A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19827989A1 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-30 | Dornier Gmbh | Camouflage make-up for uncovered parts of the body for use e.g. by soldiers |
| EP1363969A4 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2009-03-11 | Scott Allan Kuehl | Electromagnetic energy adaptation material |
| WO2020072818A1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-09 | Purdue Research Foundation | Metal-free solar-reflective infrared-emissive paints and methods of producing the same |
| SE2000197A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-16 | Saab Ab | Low emissive coating compositions for camouflage, and products therefrom |
| US11428012B2 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2022-08-30 | II William Boone Daniels | Composite materials with tailored electromagnetic spectral properties, structural elements for enhanced thermal management, and methods for manufacturing thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4311623A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1982-01-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Blue-gray low infrared emitting coating |
| DE3432998A1 (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-05-22 | Gerd 8913 Schondorf Hugo | Paints having a low emission capacity in the spectral region of heat radiation |
| GB2237862A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-15 | Colebrand Ltd | Radiation absorbers |
-
1993
- 1993-10-11 GB GB939320865A patent/GB9320865D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-10-11 AU AU78208/94A patent/AU7820894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-11 WO PCT/GB1994/002238 patent/WO1995010569A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-11 EP EP94928987A patent/EP0723567A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-04-11 NO NO961443A patent/NO961443L/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4311623A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1982-01-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Blue-gray low infrared emitting coating |
| DE3432998A1 (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-05-22 | Gerd 8913 Schondorf Hugo | Paints having a low emission capacity in the spectral region of heat radiation |
| GB2237862A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-15 | Colebrand Ltd | Radiation absorbers |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19827989A1 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-30 | Dornier Gmbh | Camouflage make-up for uncovered parts of the body for use e.g. by soldiers |
| DE19827989B4 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2005-06-02 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Tarnschminke |
| EP1363969A4 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2009-03-11 | Scott Allan Kuehl | Electromagnetic energy adaptation material |
| US11428012B2 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2022-08-30 | II William Boone Daniels | Composite materials with tailored electromagnetic spectral properties, structural elements for enhanced thermal management, and methods for manufacturing thereof |
| WO2020072818A1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-09 | Purdue Research Foundation | Metal-free solar-reflective infrared-emissive paints and methods of producing the same |
| SE2000197A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-16 | Saab Ab | Low emissive coating compositions for camouflage, and products therefrom |
| WO2022081072A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Saab Ab | Low emissive coating compositions for camouflage, and products therefrom |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9320865D0 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| NO961443L (en) | 1996-06-11 |
| AU7820894A (en) | 1995-05-04 |
| NO961443D0 (en) | 1996-04-11 |
| EP0723567A1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
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