WO1995008132A1

WO1995008132A1 - Compact projection illumination system and method of using same

Info

Publication number: WO1995008132A1
Application number: PCT/US1994/010622
Authority: WO
Inventors: David Kappel; Hung Nguyen; Lane T. Hauck; Robert W. Shaw; Arthur P. Minich
Original assignee: Proxima Corporation
Priority date: 1993-09-17
Filing date: 1994-09-16
Publication date: 1995-03-23
Also published as: JPH09503313A; CA2171961A1; EP0719421A1; AU7799494A

Abstract

A compact projection illumination system (6A) includes a low profile housing (20A) having an optical system (11A) for directing high intensity reflected light to an image forming display device (24A) mounted substantially horizontally in the housing (20A), a projection lens arrangement (22A) comprised of three groups of optical elements aligned along a common optical axis with a variable vertex length and wide field coverage angle, and a display control system (25A) coupled electrically to the image forming device (24A) includes a compression logic arrangement for compressing high resolution information by eliminating certain horizontal and vertical pixel image information during one frame cycle and by eliminating certain adjacent horizontal and vertical pixel image information during the next frame cycle.

Description

COMPACT PROJECTION ILLUMINATION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USING SAME

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a projection illumination system and illumination methods therefor. It more particularly relates to an improved compact liquid crystal projector system, which is relatively small in size and thus able to be readily transported.

The present invention also relates in general to an improved lens arrangement and method of using it. The invention more particularly relates to a projection lens arrangement which may be used to facilitate focusing a projected image on a remote viewing surface.

The present invention further relates in general to a display control system and method of controlling the display of information images. The invention more particularly relates to a display control system and method of controlling a display to enable the

visualization of a virtual 1,280 × 1024 workstation image on a low resolution 1024 × 768 personal computer liquid crystal display panel monitor; and to a display control system and method of controlling a display to enable panning visualization of a virtual 1,280 x 1024

workstation image on the low resolution 1024 x 768 personal computer liquid crystal display panel monitor; and to a display control system and method of controlling a display to enable various size images from various sources, such as personal computers, and others, to be expanded in size to conform to a given size display for projecting the expanded image; and to a display control system and method of controlling a display to enable information images within a primary video image to be accentuated visually for display presentation purposes. Background Art

Overhead projectors for large audience presentations are well known in the prior art. Such systems typically utilize transparencies for conveying the information to be viewed by the audience.

With advances in modern liquid crystal technology, such transparencies have been replaced by full color liquid crystal display panels driven by video signal producing equipment, such as personal computers. In this regard, the liquid crystal display panel is typically positioned on the stage of an overhead projector to project an image onto a remote viewing surface.

While the above described projection system has proven to be highly successful, it would be desirable, for some applications, to eliminate the need for the separate overhead projector. Such a projector is not readily transportable by a business or other person who desires to travel from place to place for making sales or other types of presentations or the like.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved compact projector, which is small in size and readily transportable, and yet is able to project video images, such as computer generated images.

In order to have such a transportable projection system, an integrated compact projection system has been employed and has been proven to be highly successful. The integrated system includes a computer driven display panel built into a small, low profile projector. Such an integrated projector is disclosed in the foregoing mentioned patent and patent applications.

Such an integrated compact projector is so small and compact that it can be readily carried, for example, onto an airplane. In this manner, an entire display

presentation can be pre-programmed and stored in a small personal computer, and the projector can be readily transported therewith. Thus, a person can conveniently travel with the presentation equipment, for use when traveling.

While such a projector has proven to be

overwhelmingly successful, it would be desirable to have a projector housing, which is even smaller in size, for a given size light source contained therewithin. The light source illuminating the image forming area produces diverging light, which requires by necessity a

sufficiently large housing. If the light were somehow confined in a more limited space, the housing could, therefore, be decreased in size accordingly.

One attempt at addressing this problem included a technique used in a projection system for confining the light illuminating a display panel. For example, a display projection system is disclosed in U.S. patents 5,272,473 and 5,287,096, which are both incorporated herein by reference. Both patents teach the utilization of two angularly disposed serrated devices, referred to in the patent as "lenses," to confine light emitted from an image forming device, and to direct the light to a remotely located viewing surface. The configuration of serrated devices does apparently accomplish the desired effect of confining the light to the precise dimensions of a viewing surface, but there are several significant problems related to the use of such a technique.

Firstly, the light image can become distorted as a result of the serrated devices producing a plurality of smaller light beams. While the serrated devices tend to expand the light image in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, the stepped surfaces produce the smaller beams are spaced apart, thereby distorting the image. Moreover, since there are two serrated devices, the distortion is compounded. As a consequence of such inherent distortion, the patented system employs a highly dispersive viewing surface, such as one having ground glass to blur the smaller beams together.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a compact projection technique, which precisely controls the projection light without substantial image

distortion.

Projection lens arrangements for focusing a

projected image on a remote viewing surface are well known in the prior art. Such lens arrangements include those utilized with front and overhead projectors, and still and motion picture video projectors.

For example, consider the projection lens

arrangement in a conventional overhead projector. In such a projector, the lens is mounted above and spaced-apart from the stage of the projector. A transparency or computer controlled liquid crystal panel for providing an image to be projected is positioned on the stage. The distance between the transparency or object and the entranceway to the projection lens is referred to as the object length and is about 15 inches in length in some overhead projectors. A Fresnel lens arrangement causes light, emitted from a high intensity lamp disposed below the stage, to be directed upwardly into the projection lens at an angle. This angle is called the field

coverage angle and is about 18 degrees. For the purpose of focusing the image to be projected onto a remote viewing surface, the overall length of the projection lens arrangement is adjustable. This overall length is referred to as the vertex length of the lens arrangement.

While the above-described projection lens

arrangement has proven satisfactory in large bulky overhead projectors, such an arrangement can not be readily used in a small compact projector system, such as a compact projector system disclosed in U.S. patent

5,321,450, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In the case of a small compact projector, the object length must be substantially shorter and thus, the field coverage angle must be substantially greater. However, by increasing the field coverage angle various

aberrations can be introduced, such as field curvature aberrations and other types of known aberrations.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved projection lens arrangement and method of using the arrangement which can be used readily in a small compact projector system. Such a new and improved projection lens arrangement would have a relatively short object length but yet a sufficiently narrow field

coverage angle to enable optical compensation for

eliminating or at least substantially reducing the effect of optical aberrations such as field curvature

aberrations.

In order to focus a variety of different sized images to be projected onto a remote viewing surface, a projection lens arrangement must be variable for focusing purposes. In this regard, the vertex length of the lens arrangement must be variable but yet sufficiently small to enable the lens arrangement to be utilized in a small compact projector system.

However, shortening the vertex length introduces other problems. For example, by shortening the vertex length it is difficult, if not impossible to have

sufficient variations to reach substantially all

anticipated field coverage angles when the arrangement employs a relatively short object length.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved projection lens arrangement that has both a relatively small variable vertex length and object length to enable the lens to be utilized in a small compact projector but yet a sufficiently long vertex length to permit focusing for substantially all

anticipated field coverage angles.

Another problem associated with a lens arrangement having a short vertex length is that the spacing between the optical elements within the lens arrangement must necessarily be very short in distance. Thus, in order to reach substantially all anticipated field coverage angles in a relatively convenient manner, the focusing

adjustments must be very precise and accurate.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved projection lens arrangement which can be easily and automatically adjusted to focus an image on a remote viewing surface. Such a lens arrangement should be easily adjusted for focusing purposes, and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

There have been many different types and kinds of display control systems for enabling the visualization of a high resolution image such as a workstation image on a low resolution monitor. In this regard, such systems typically require expensive, buffer memory units to store the workstation image information in mapped digital data for display on the low resolution monitor.

While such display control systems have been

satisfactory for some applications, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved display control system which is capable of enabling a high resolution image such as a 1,280 × 1024 workstation image to be displayed on a low resolution monitor such as a 1024 × 768 personal computer liquid crystal display monitor. Such a display control system should enable a

workstation-based information to be shared with a large group of users in a relative inexpensive manner.

Another problem with prior art display control systems has been the need to employ high speed flash type analog to digital converters to convert the incoming workstation-based information at a sufficiently fast rate to enable compression of the information for display on a low resolution display monitor.

While the utilization of such high speed analog to digital converters has been satisfactory for some

applications, such devices are very expensive.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved display control system that converts incoming workstation-based information at a sufficient rate to enable compression of the information on the fly without the need of utilizing expensive buffer memory units or high speed flash-type analog to digital converters.

There have also been many different types and kinds of display control systems for enabling the visualization of a workstation image on a low resolution monitor. In this regard, such systems typically require expensive, high speed flash type analog to digital converters to convert the incoming workstation-based information at a sufficiently fast rate to enable compression of the information for storage into expensive buffer memory units for mapping purposes. In this regard, once mapped, a virtual workstation image can be displayed in its entirety or panned.

While such display control systems have been

satisfactory for some applications, it would be highly •desirable to have a new and improved display control system which is capable of enabling a 1,280 × 1024 workstation image to be displayed on a low resolution 1024 × 768 personal computer liquid crystal display monitor. Moreover, such a display control system should enable panning of the workstation image in a fast and convenient manner without the necessity of expensive buffer memory units or high speed flash type analog to digital converters. It would also be worthwhile to enable such a system to be compatible with a variety of different computers each having different resolutions. For example, it would be highly desirable to enable the projection display system to not only be compatible with a workstation, but also with a personal computer.

In addition to the ability to be compatible with a variety of different computers, it would also be highly desirable to enable the projection display system to provide a zoom function. In this regard, the system should be able to zoom from a small size image to an enlarged image in a convenient manner, such as by means of a remote control arrangement. Such a system should be relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and should be able to operate "on the fly" as the video images are being presented to the projection system. In this regard, the system should be compatible with not only computers, but also video recorders and live television video signals.

There have also been many different types and kinds of display control systems for enabling a user to draw attention to a particular aspects of a display image projected upon a screen or like viewing surface. For example, reference may be made to the following U.S.

patents: 5,300,983; 5,299,307; 5,287,121; 5,250,414; and 5,191,411.

As disclosed in the foregoing mentioned patents, various pointing devices, graphic tablets and like devices have been employed for drawing attention to particular aspects of a displayed image. For example, a hand held laser light generator has been employed to produce a highly focused beam of light for creating an auxiliary light image on that part of the primary image to be accentuated. In this regard, a user is able to move the laser pointer so that the spot of auxiliary light travels along a desired path from one primary image portion to another.

While such a pointer may have been satisfactory for some applications, its use required the user to point the device continually at that portion of the primary image to be accentuated. Also, the device was limited to a basic function of merely pointing to a single position on the displayed image at any one time.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved display control system and method for accentuating more than a single primary image position at any one time. Moreover, such a new and improved display control system and method should not require the user to continually direct his or her attention to the task of accentuating the desired portion of the displayed image, even while operating the device in dim lighting

conditions.

One attempt at solving the above mentioned problem is disclosed in U.S. patent 5,191,411. A laser driven optical communication apparatus includes a laser pointer for forming a spot of auxiliary control light on a projected image cooperates with an optical receiver for detecting the spot of auxiliary light reflecting from the projected image. A secondary projector responsive to the receiver then projects a calculated image representation of the path traced out by the spot of auxiliary light as the user moves the pointer from one primary image

position to another.

While such a system may permit an auxiliary light image to be superimposed on a projected primary image projected in a substantially continuous manner, such a system has not proven to be entirely satisfactory. In this regard, the system is very expensive as it requires not only the utilization of a primary projector for directing the primary image to the viewing screen, but also a secondary projector for directing the auxiliary image to the viewing screen. Moreover, such a system is very complex and requires not only the mechanical alignment of the projectors, but also the use of a special viewing screen composed of a

phosphorous-fluorescent material to enable the reflected spot to have a certain degree of persistence.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to have a new and improved display control system and method for accentuating selected portions of a primary image without the use of multiple projector or special types of screen materials. Moreover, such a system should be inexpensive and relatively easy to use and set up by non-technical users.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved precisely controlled projection system and method for projecting a bright image having little or no image distortion.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved projection system and method to facilitate the provision of a compact size projector.

Briefly, the above and further objects of the present invention are realized by providing a new and improved projection system and technique, to project a light image with a precisely controlled projection light with little or no image distortion.

A projection system includes a pair of finely faceted mirrors angularly disposed relative to one another to spread projection light emitted from a high intensity projection light source in two directions, and direct the reflected light to an image forming display device where an image is formed for projection purposes. The light is spread to illuminate precisely the light impinging surface of the image forming display device in a compact and efficient manner. To reduce image

distortion caused by the light source beam segments, the light source and optic elements including the mirrors are arranged and constructed to permit the beam segments to converge sufficiently to fill in dark or shadow areas between the beam segments prior to the segments impinging on the image forming display device, so that the

resulting image is formed uniformly and substantially distortion free in a narrowly defined, compact space.

It should be understood that the projection

illumination arrangement of the present invention can be used in a projector having an integrated liquid crystal display as the image forming display device, and in an overhead projector having a transparency supporting transparent stage as the image forming device.

Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved projection lens arrangement and method of using the arrangement which can be used readily in a small compact projector that is easily transportable.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved projection lens

arrangement that has a relatively short effective focal length but yet a sufficiently narrow field coverage angle to enable optical compensation for eliminating or at least substantially reducing the effect of optical aberrations, such as field curvature aberrations and other known aberrations.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved projection lens

arrangement that has both a relatively small variable vertex length and object length to enable the lens to be utilized in a small compact projector but yet a sufficiently long vertex length to permit focusing for substantially all anticipated field coverage angles.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved projection lens arrangement which can be easily and automatically adjusted to focus an image on a remote viewing surface. Such a lens arrangement should be easily adjusted for focusing purposes, and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

Briefly, the above and further objects of the present invention are realized by providing a new and improved projector lens arrangement which has a

relatively short object length, a sufficiently wide field coverage angle, and which can automatically be adjusted for focusing purposes in an easily and convenient manner according to a novel focusing method of the present invention.

The projection lens arrangement is configured in a Tessar configuration having generally three groups of optical elements aligned along a common optical axis with a variable vertex length and field coverage angle of up to about 22.1 degrees. A plurality of the element surfaces are aspheric. One element group near the object is a doublet having a negative element with a concave surface and having a positive element, which is bi-convex and has one surface near the image, the surface being complementary shaped to the concave surface of the negative element.

Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved display control system and method of using it to enable a high resolution image to be displayed on a low resolution display monitor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of using it to enable workstation-based information to be shared with a large group of users in a relative inexpensive manner.

Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of constructing it so that it converts

incoming workstation-based information at a sufficient rate to enable compression of the information on the fly without the need of utilizing expensive buffer memory units or high speed flash-type analog to digital

converters.

Briefly, the above and further objects of the present invention are realized by providing a new and improved display control system which can enable high resolution information such as workstation-based

information to be shared with a large group of users in a relative inexpensive manner according to a novel method of using and constructing the system.

The display control system includes a set of low speed relatively inexpensive analog to digital converters for converting incoming high resolution information into digital information for display on a low resolution display monitor. The system converts and displays one half of the incoming information during one frame cycle and then converts and displays the other half of the incoming information during the next frame cycle.

The display control system also includes a logic arrangement that compresses the high resolution

information by eliminating certain horizontal and

vertical pixel image information during one frame cycle and by eliminating certain adjacent horizontal and vertical pixel image information during the next frame cycle. In this manner, the whole high resolution image is displayed every two frame cycles and is perceived by a user as a virtual high resolution image without flicker or stripping. Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved display control system and method of using it to enable a

1,280 × 1024 workstation image to be displayed on a low resolution 1024 × 768 personal computer liquid crystal display monitor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of using it to enable panning of the

workstation image in a fast and convenient manner on a 1024 × 768 low resolution monitor.

Briefly, the above and further objects of the present invention are realized by providing a new and improved display control system which includes a logic arrangement for causing a displayed image indicative of a portion of a corresponding larger image to be displayed upon an input command from a user. A line control circuit responsive to user input commands enables the displayed image to be shifted visually from a current visualization position, up or down, row by row for line pan visualization of corresponding portions of the larger image. A pixel control circuit also responsive to user input command enables the displayed image to be shifted visually from a current visualization position right or left, column by column, for column pan visualization of corresponding portions of the larger image. The line control circuit and the pixel control circuit operate independently of one another or in combination with one another to achieve any desired panning effect.

Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved projection display control system and method of using it to enable various size images from various sources, such as

personal computers, video recorders and others, to be expanded in size to conform to a given size display system for projecting the expanded image.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved projection display control system and method of using it to enable zooming of the image to be projected in a fast and convenient manner.

Briefly, the above and further objects of the present invention are realized by providing a new and improved display control system which includes a logic arrangement for causing a display image of a given resolution to be displayed in an adjusted size to

accommodate a projection display system, which, in turn, can project the adjusted image. The system also enables an image to be zoomed in size prior to projecting it.

Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved display control system and method of using it to enable one or more portions of a primary video image to be accentuated with an auxiliary light image continuously.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of using it to enable accentuating one or more desired portions of the primary image in a fast and convenient manner.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of using it, to accentuate selected portions of a primary image without the use of multiple projectors or special types of screen materials.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of using it, to enable accentuated portions of a primary image to be normalized either simultaneously or selectively in part by the deletion of one or more accentuating images.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a new and improved display control system and method of using it to accentuate selected portions of a primary image with an accentuating image having a desired color.

Briefly, the above and further objects of the present invention are realized by providing a new and improved display control system which includes a logic arrangement for causing projected auxiliary light

information generated by a hand held light wand to be integrated into a primary video image upon command from a user. A display control circuit causes the underlying primary image to be altered to include an accentuating image indicative of the path of travel followed by a spot of auxiliary control light as it is directed by a user via the hand held light wand. A color control circuit responsive to user input commands enables the

accentuating image to be displayed in one of a plurality of different colors. An erase control circuit also responds to user input commands to enable the user entered accentuating images to be deleted selectively individually or in total simultaneously.

Brief Description of Drawings

The above mentioned and other objects and features of this invention and the manner of attaining them will become apparent, and the invention itself will be best understood by reference to the following description of the embodiment of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A is a pictorial diagrammatic, partially broken away view of an integrated projector, which is constructed in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 2A is a top plan diagrammatic view of the projector of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3A is a front elevational, diagrammatic view of the projector of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 4A is a diagrammatic view of a portion of a finely faceted mirror of the projector of FIG. 1A, illustrating the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a diagrammatic view of an overhead projector, which is also constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6A is a top plan diagrammatic view of an integrated projector, which is constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 1B is a diagrammatic view of a projection lens system which is constructed in accordance with the present invention and which is illustrated with a liquid crystal projector;

FIGS. 2AB-2CB is a graphical representation of ray deflection of the projection lens arrangement of FIG. 1B for various FOB lengths where the conjugate is 5.6 feet in length;

FIGS. 3AB-3CB is a graphical representation of ray deflection of the projection lens arrangement of FIG. 1B for various FOB lengths where the conjugate is 4.0 feet in length;

FIGS. 4AB-4CB is a graphical representation of ray deflection of the projection lens arrangement of FIG. 1B for various FOB lengths where the conjugate is 10.0 feet in length;

FIGS. 5AB-5CB are astigmatism, distortion, lateral color curves for the lens arrangement of FIG. 1B where the conjugate is 4.0 feet in length;

FIGS. 6AB-6CB are astigmatism, distortion, lateral color curves for the lens arrangement of FIG. 1B where the conjugate is 5.6 feet in length; FIGS. 7AB-7CB are astigmatism, distortion, lateral color curves for the lens arrangement of FIG. 1B where the conjugate is 10.0 feet in length;

FIG. 8B is a modulation verus frequency

representation of the modulation transfer functions of the lens arrangement of FIG. 1B where the conjugate is 4.0 feet in length;

FIG. 9B is a modulation verus frequency

representation of the modulation transfer functions of the lens arrangement of FIG. 1B where the conjugate is 5.6 feet in length;

FIG. 10B is a modulation verus frequency

representation of the modulation transfer functions of the lens arrangement of FIG. 1B where the conjugate is 10.0 feet in length;

FIG. 1C is a block diagram of a display control system which is constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of the display control system of FIG. 1C;

FIG. 3C is a timing control circuit of the display control system of FIG. 1C;

FIG. 4C is a timing diagram of the clock signals generated by the timing control circuit of FIG. 3C;

FIGS. 5C and 6C are fragmentary diagrammatic views of the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1C,

illustrating eliminated workstation based information;

FIGS. 7C and 8C are fragmentary diagrammatic views of the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1C

illustrating representations activated pixel elements during two consecutive frame cycles;

FIG. 1D is a block diagram of a display control system which is constructed in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 2D is a diagrammatic view illustrating in phantom various image panning positions corresponding to the workstation image of FIG. 1D;

FIGS 3D-12D illustrate various image panning

positions on the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1D;

FIG. 13D is a top plan view of the remote control unit of FIG. 1D;

FIG. 1E is a block diagram of a display control system which is constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2E illustrates a 640 × 480 low resolution personal computer monitor image displayed on a 1024 × 768 liquid crystal panel of FIG. 1E;

FIG. 3E illustrates a 640 × 480 low resolution personal computer monitor image displayed as a zoomed image on the 1024 × 768 low resolution liquid crystal panel of FIG. 2E;

FIG. 4E is a block diagram of the timing control circuit of FIG. 1E;

FIG. 5E is a block diagram of the output logic arrangement of FIG. 1E;

FIG. 6E is a greatly enlarged top plan view of the remote control device of FIG. 1E;

FIG. 7E is a timing diagram of the clock signals generated by the timing control circuit of FIG. 4E;

FIGS. 8E and 9E are fragmentary diagrammatic views of the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1E,

illustrating the alternating elimination of adjacent vertical pixel information to scale down the columns of displayed information and the alternating repetition of horizontal pixel information to scale up the lines of displayed information;

FIGS. 10E and 11E are block diagrams of the output data logic devices of FIG. 5E; FIG. 1F is a block diagram of a display control system which is constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2F is a simplified flowchart diagram

illustrating the steps executed by the control system of FIG. 1F;

FIG. 3F is a fragmentary top plan view of the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1F;

FIG. 4F is a diagrammatic view of a projected primary display image illustrating a tool bar without a color palette;

FIG. 5F is a diagrammatic view of another projected primary image illustrating a tool bar with a color palette;

FIG. 6F is a diagrammatic view of a menu window generated by the display control system of FIG. 1F;

FIG. 7F is a diagrammatic view of a primary video display image illustrated without an accentuating image;

FIG. 8F is a diagrammatic view of the primary video display image of FIG. 7F illustrating an auxiliary light path of travel for forming a single accentuating image;

FIG. 9F is a diagrammatic view of the primary video display image of FIG. 8F illustrating the accentuating image formed by the auxiliary light;

FIG. 10F is a diagrammatic view of the primary video display image of FIG. 8F illustrated with a plurality of accentuating images;

FIG. 11F is a diagrammatic view of the primary video display image of FIG. 10F illustrated with one of the plurality of accentuating images erased; and

FIG. 12F is a diagrammatic view of the primary video display image of FIG. 8F illustrated another accentuating image. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

The following detailed description is organized according to the following Table of Contents:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. THE COMPACT PROJECTION ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

B. THE PROJECTION LENS SYSTEM

C. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM COMPRESSION MODE OF OPERATION

D. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM PANNING MODE OF

OPERATION

E. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM ZOOMING MODE OF

OPERATION

F. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM ACCENTUATING MODE OF OPERATION

A. THE COMPACT PROJECTION ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

Referring now to FIGS. 1A-6A of the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1A, there is shown a projection illumination system 6A which is constructed in accordance with the present invention, and which is illustrated connected to a video signal producing system 7A including a personal computer 8A and monitor 9A. The system 6A is adapted to project computer generated images onto

remotely located viewing surfaces (not shown).

The system 6A generally includes an integrated projector 10A having a base portion or housing 20A, confining a projection lamp assembly HA including a high intensity lamp 13A (as shown in FIG. 2) and a condenser lens assembly 26A, together with a pair of spaced-apart finely faceted mirrors 15A and 17A for directing the light from the assembly HA onto a lower light impinging surface of a horizontal liquid crystal display 24A, which serves as an image forming display device. Disposed above the liquid crystal display 24A is a top output mirror assembly 19A, and a projection lens system or assembly 22A, for facilitating the projection of an image onto a remote viewing surface (not shown) . This is just one possible orientation of the lens assembly 22A. Other orientations are possible, such as a vertically directed orientation.

In order to cause the display panel 24A to modulate the light from the mirrors 15A and 17A, a display control system 25A responsive to the personal computer 8A, sends control signals to the display 24A. The display control system 25A includes various control logic for

compressing, panning, zooming and controlling the system images, as more fully described hereinafter.

The liquid crystal panel 24A is supported by four legs, such as the leg 27A, enabling the housing 20A to have a low profile and thus be more compact. The liquid crystal display panel 24A is more fully described in U.S. patent application Serial No. 08/237,013 filed on April 29, 1994, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Also, it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that there are many different transmissive and reflective spatial modulators or light valves which may be used in place of the liquid crystal display 24A.

The lamp assembly HA including the condenser lens assembly 26A is mounted at a rear portion of the housing 20A and provides a source of high intensity projection light for passing through the liquid crystal display panel 24A. The finely faceted mirrors, which will be described hereinafter in greater detail, form part of the inventive projection illumination arrangement for

directing light from the condenser lens assembly 26A, through the liquid crystal display panel 24A, to the top output mirror assembly 19A for projection via the lens assembly 22A. In this regard, the faceted mirror

arrangement directs the horizontal, forwardly directed high intensity light within the housing 20A along an irregularly shaped light path extending from the mirror 15A perpendicularly to the mirror 17A and then upwardly through the liquid crystal display panel 24A.

In operation, the projector 10A is positioned on a stationary surface, such as a table top (not shown) with a front portion of the housing disposed closest to the remotely located surface to receive the projected image. The personal computer 8A, is coupled electrically to the display panel 24A via the display control system 25A for enabling computer generated images to be formed by the display panel 24A.

Light from the condenser lens assembly 26A is directed by the faceted mirror arrangement along the irregularly shaped light path which extends from the condenser lens assembly 26A to the mirror 15A and

perpendicularly therefrom to the mirror 17A. From there, the light is reflected vertically upwardly to the low light impinging surface of the liquid crystal display panel 24A to form the desired image. The top output mirror assembly 19A and the projection lens assembly 22A, projects reflectively the light image formed by the display panel 24A onto a viewing surface (not shown).

To effectively greatly reduce or eliminate image distortion, and to provide a precisely expanded light beam, the faceted mirror arrangement is disposed between the light source and the display panel, and the mirrors are constructed and arranged to reduce image distortion. By arranging the mirrors 15A and 17A in this manner, the projection light from the condenser lens assembly 26A can be precisely directed onto the light impinging surface of the display panel 24A by adjusting its shape in both the X and Y dimensions as hereinafter described in greater detail. Thus, the light is confined in a compact space to reduce the overall size of the housing 20A.

In order to accomplish the precise directing of the light, the faceted mirrors spread the light into a set of beam segments to form an overall beam of a generally rectangular cross-sectional configuration, which is generally similar to the size of the face of the display panel 24A. For the purpose of filling in any blank or dark spaces between adjacent beam segments, as

hereinafter described in greater detail, the mirror 15A is spaced sufficiently from the mirror 17A, which, in turn, is spaced sufficiently from the display panel 24A to permit the beam segments to diverge sufficiently to uniformly cover the bottom face of the display panel 24A with little or no dark or shadow areas. Thus, the image is then formed by the display panel 24A in a

substantially undistorted manner within a compact space.

Considering now the lamp assembly 11A including the condenser lens assembly 26A in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 1A and 2A, the assembly 11A generally includes a lamp housing unit 12A which is mounted at the rear portion of the housing 20A. The lamp housing unit 12A includes a high intensity lamp 13A (FIG. 2A) and a spherical reflector 14A, both of which direct the light generated thereby to the condenser lens assembly 26A, which includes condenser lens elements 21A, 22A and 23A, for directing the light toward the first faceted mirror 15A. The three lens elements are nested and curved, and are progressively larger in size as they are positioned further from the lamp 13A. It should be understood that other types and kinds of lamps may also be employed.

The lamp housing unit 12A provides a means for mounting the condenser lens assembly 26A at a

predetermined distance from the lamp 13A. As indicated in FIG. 2A, light rays generated by the lamp 13A travel in a generally parallel manner to the faceted mirror 15A in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the condenser lens assembly 26A. However, as hereinafter described in greater detail, as a practical matter, the light is spread and is not entirely parallel as indicated in FIG. 2A. This fact is compensated for according to the present invention.

Considering now the faceted mirror arrangement in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 1A-3A, the faceted mirrors 15A and 17A are angularly spaced apart in close proximity to one another. The mirror 15A is vertically disposed and is positioned with its light impinging face at an angle to the horizontal collimated light emitted from the lamp 13A to reflect such light perpendicularly horizontally toward the mirror 17A.

The faceted mirror 17A is inclined backwardly at an angle and is supported at its upper edge 17BA by a

U-shaped support frame 18A. The mirror 17A is supported at its lower edge 17AA by an elongated support bracket 28A mounted on the housing 20A. The mirror 17A is positioned at a sufficient angle to reflect the incident horizontal beam perpendicularly vertically upwardly toward the bottom face of the horizontal display panel 24A for illuminating it.

The faceted mirrors 15A and 17A have sufficiently finely spaced facets for segmenting the light being reflected from their surfaces. The resulting

spaced-apart light beam segments are sufficiently closely spaced to cause them to diverge and fill in any dark or shadow spaces therebetween, before they impinge upon the .adjacent surface. As hereinafter described in greater detail, this result is dependent on various factors, including the redirecting of light beams from the light source, the size of the light source, and the effective focal length of the condenser lens assembly 26A, for a given configuration of the angle of the mirror facets, the spacing of the individual facets, and the distance between each mirror and its adjacent component, such as the distance between the mirrors 15A and 17A, and the distance between the mirror 17A and the display panel 24A.

The mirrors 15A and 17A are each similar to one another, and thus only the mirror 15A will now be

described in greater detail. The vertical mirror 15A includes a tapered back plate 15BA having on its face a series of angularly disposed facets, such as the facets 29A and 30A (FIG. 1A) projecting angularly outwardly therefrom. The facets extend vertically between the bottom edge 15AA and a top edge 15CA.

As best seen in FIG. 4A, the facets, such as facets 37A and 39A, are each generally triangularly shaped in cross section, and are each similar to one another. The series of triangularly shaped facets are arranged in a side-by-side arrangement to provide a sawtooth

configuration. Each one of the facets, such as the facet 37A, includes a sloping reflecting surface, such as the surface 37AA, which is integrally joined at an external corner edge, such as the edge 37BA, to a right angle surface 37CA. The reflecting surface serves to reflect the light from the lamp 13A toward the mirror 17A.

Collimated light from the lamp 13A engages and is

reflected from the angularly disposed reflecting surface, such as the surface 37AA, between its corner edge 37BA and an adjacent corner edge 39AA of a facet 39A disposed toward the lamp 13A, to help spread the light beam by separating it into separate beam segments, such as beam segments 40A and 50A.

In order to fill in the dark or shadow areas between the beam segments for reducing image distortion, the mirrors 15A and 17A are sufficiently spaced apart to permit the beam segments to diverge and overlap or intersect before they impinge on the mirror 17A. In this regard, spaces or gaps between the beam segments are filled in prior to impinging the closest portion of the mirror 17A.

The mirrors 15A and 17A are disposed at their closest portions at their forward portions thereof, as indicated in FIG. 4A at the forward end facets 37A and 39A. In this regard, according to the present invention, the mirrors 15A and 17A are positioned at their closest portions by a distance at least equal to a straight line distance indicated generally at 33A, sufficient to permit the diverging beam segments 40A and 50A to overlap or converge together at a vertical line 31A, before engaging the mirror 17A. The straight line distance 33A extends normal to the mirror at the vertical line 31A

(illustrated as a point in the plan diagrammatic view of FIG. 4A), and intersects with an internal corner edge 41A joining integrally the facets 37A and 39A.

The remaining beam segments overlap prior to their engagement with the mirror 17A. For example, the beam segment 50A overlaps or intersects with its adjacent beam segment 60A at a vertical line 61A (shown as a point in FIG. 4A) . Such vertical lines 31A and 61A of

intersection are disposed within a vertical plane

generally indicated at 35A as a line, extending generally parallel to the plane of the back plate 15BA. Thus, all of the remaining beam segments overlap or intersect at the plane 35A, and thus fill in dark or shadow spaces prior to their impingement upon the mirror 17A.

It should be understood that a similar relative spacing between the mirror 17A and the light impinging surface of the display panel 24A to avoid dark or shadow areas thereon. Thus, a fully illuminated display panel is achieved, and thus image distortion is eliminated or at least greatly decreased.

The faceted mirror arrangement acts to spread the light in both the X and Y directions. Light from the lamp 13A is directed in a manner perpendicular to the lens assembly 26A surface toward the first faceted mirror 15A. As shown in FIG. 2A, the light is spread and enlarged in the Y direction as it is reflected from the finely faceted surface of mirror 15A in a precise manner to correspond to the Y dimension of the mirror 17A. The mirror 15A directs these Y direction spread apart light beam segments toward the second faceted mirror 17A. As shown in FIG. 2A, the second faceted mirror 17A, then segments and spreads the light in the X direction

corresponding to the X dimension of the mirror 17A.

Thus, the individual light beams diverge and intersect or slightly overlap just as they impinge on the surface of the underside of the liquid crystal display panel 24A. As a result, the light generated by the lamp 13A, has been adjusted precisely in the X and Y directions to provide a compact and effective configuration for the projection equipment of FIG. 1A. Furthermore, since the faceted mirrors 15A and 17A are arranged in close

proximity to one another, the overall configuration facilitates the construction of a very compact projector unit capable of employing a conventional lamp assembly such as assembly HA to generate high luminosity for projection illumination purposes in a highly efficient and effective manner.

Because the light source has a finite extent, thelight rays from lamp 13 are distributed over an angular range instead of traveling parallel as shown

diagrammatically in FIG. 4A. As a result, the spacing between the mirrors 15A, 17A and the panel 24A can be adjusted so that the shadow areas between the beams are filled in before they impinge on the surface of the panel 24A (FIG. 1A). This is very important, as the LCD display panel 24A is where the image is formed and the presence of the shadow areas here would otherwise cause image distortion or other undesirable results.

In order to prevent loss of light, the internal components of the projector, such as the mirrors 15A and 17A, the LCD panel 24A, the light source and the

condenser lens assembly 26A, should all be positioned as close together as possible to reduce light loss.

Therefore, for the spacing shown in FIG. 4A between the two faceted mirrors 15A and 17A, the closest distance is represented by the line 38A.

The spreading light beams must overlap or converge together at least within the given shortest distance 38A. Angle A represents the degree of light spreading.

Angle A is critical, because if angle A were smaller than as indicated in FIG. 4A, the two adjacent light beams 40A and 50A would not intersect at point 31A and the second mirror 17A surface, and therefore there would be a spacing or shadow area between the two adjacent light beams. Although not shown in FIG. 4A, the same would be true regarding the beams reflecting from the second mirror 17A to the LCD display panel 24A in FIG. 1A, when the light is reflected from the second mirror 17A onto the LCD panel 24A. Therefore, in accordance with the invention, the angle A is determined such that the shadow areas are eliminated, certainly once the reflected light impinges on the LCD panel 24A of FIG. 1A to form properly the image to be projected.

For this purpose, the angle A is equal to the arc tangent of the size of the light source 13A, divided by the effective focal length of the condenser lens assembly 26A. This relationship is expressed as follows:

where the size of the light source is a dimension that can be determined by a measurement of a given light source, and the optical element is the lens assembly 26A. Therefore, by taking the arc tangent of the size of the light source, divided by the effective focal length of the condenser lens assembly, the angle A of the spreading of the light is determined so that the angles of the plane of the mirror 15A and its facets can be adjusted to cause the light beams to overlap at least within the shortest distance 38 as indicated in FIG. 4A.

Referring now to FIG. 5A, there is shown an overhead projector 60A constructed in accordance with the present invention. The overhead projector 60A is generally similar to the apparatus of FIGS. 1A-3A, except that the projector 60A is adapted to project images formed by a transparency (not shown) or the like. The projector 60A includes a conventional mirror and projection lens assembly 62A mounted in place by means of a support arm 68A above an image forming display device in the form of a transparency supporting stage 64A (in place of the display panel 24A of FIG. 1A). A projection illumination arrangement 66A is disposed below the stage 64A.

The projection illumination arrangement 66A is generally similar to the illumination system of FIG. 1A, and includes a high intensity light source 71A, a

collimating lens (not shown), and two angularly disposed faceted mirrors 73A and 75A. The light emitted by the light source 71A is collected and directed toward the vertical faceted mirror 73A by a parabolic reflector (not shown) or a collimating lens, such as a 3-element condenser lens (not shown) . The light is then reflected from the surface of the vertical faceted mirror 73A toward the backwardly inclined upwardly faceted mirror 75A, and reflected therefrom vertically upwardly through the stage 64A. The light is segmented and spread in the X and Y dimensions in a similar manner as described in connection with the illumination system of FIG. 1A. The spacing between the mirrors 73A and 75A, and between the mirror 75A and the image forming device 64A are similar to the illumination arrangement of FIG. 1A.

The stage 64A is positioned between the projector illumination arrangement 66A and the projection lens assembly 62A. The stage 64A aids in forming a desired image by supporting from below transparencies (not shown), separate liquid, crystal display panels (not shown), or the like.

Referring now to FIG. 6A, there is shown another form of an overhead projector 100A, constructed in accordance with the present invention. The overhead projector 100A is generally similar to the apparatus of FIGS. 1A-3A, except that the lamp assembly 103A includes a high intensity lamp 101A having a parabolic reflector 107A instead of a condenser lens assembly.

Considering now the lamp assembly 103A in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6A, the lamp assembly generally includes a lamp housing unit 105A which is mounted at the rear portion of the projector housing (not shown) . The lamp housing unit 105A includes a high intensity lamp 101A and a parabolic reflector 107A disposed therebehind, which directs the light generated thereby toward the first faceted mirror 112A. It should be understood that other types and kinds of lamps may also be employed. The parabolic reflector 107A acts to collect and to redirect forwardly the light emitted by the high intensity lamp 101A in such a way that substantially all light beams are generally parallel. In this regard, as indicated in FIG. 6A, substantially all light rays generated by the lamp 101A travel in a

substantially parallel manner to the faceted mirror 112A, without the use of a condenser lens.

However, as previously described in connection with the apparatus of FIG. 4A, the light beam directed from the parabolic reflector 107A also spreads angularly outwardly, and therefore, is not precisely parallel as a practical matter.

As described in connection with the drawing of

FIG. 4A, the angle of spreading of the light beam must be adjusted in order to eliminate shadow areas between adjacent light beams being reflected from the faceted mirror 112A and 114A surfaces for the closest spacing between the mirror, and between the second mirror and the LCD panel. It has been determined for the projector 100A that the angle of spreading is equal to:

In this regard, when a parabolic reflector is used, the spacing or shadow areas between adjacent light beams can be substantially eliminated by adjusting the size of the light source or effective focal length of the parabolic reflector appropriately. Since there is some known aberration that occurs when a parabolic reflector is employed, a condenser lens assembly is preferred.

Therefore, it is preferred to use the condenser lens arrangement 26A as described in the projector of

FIGS. 1A, 2A and 3A.

B. THE PROJECTION LENS SYSTEM

Referring now to the FIGS. 1B-10B of the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1B thereof, there is shown a projection lens system or assembly 10B which is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The projection lens system 10B is illustrated with a liquid crystal projector 12B can be employed as the projection lens system 22A of FIG. 1A, and in accordance with the method of the present invention can cause a liquid crystal image to be focused on a remote viewing surface, such as a remote viewing surface 16B.

The projection lens system 10B generally comprises a projection lens arrangement 20B having a Tessar

configuration, variable vertex length and a wide field coverage angle. The lens arrangement 20B is similar to lens 22A and is coupled mechanically to a servo system 22B for adjusting the focal length of the lens

arrangement 20B to cause a projected liquid crystal image to be focused on the remote viewing surface 16B.

The projection lens arrangement 20B generally includes three groups G1, G2 and G3 (FIG. 1B) of lens elements arranged along a common optical path P from an object end∅ to an image end I of the lens arrangement 20B. The lens arrangement 20B is disposed between an object surface S1 via a mirror surface S1A and an image surface S10. The first group, said second group and said third group having respective optical powers K1, K2 and K3, with an overall optical power of about 0.0037 inverse millimeter. The optical power K1 is about 0.00825 inverse millimeter. The optical power K2 is about - 0.01365 inverse millimeter. The optical power K3 is about 0.00783 inverse millimeter.

The back focal length between the back vertex of the lens arrangement 20B and the object surface S1A is about twelve inches or about 254.6 millimeters. The object surface S1A is generally rectangular in shape having a corner to corner diagonal length of about 8.4 inches or about 106.68 millimeters. Based on the foregoing, those skilled in the art will understand the effective focal length of the lens arrangement is between about 10.24 inches or about 260.86 millimeter and about 11.00 inches or about 280.01 millimeters.

In order to reach full field coverage of the object with good resolution, the lens arrangement 20B has a field coverage angle of up to about 22.1 degrees. In this regard, the resolution of the projection lens arrangement 20B is about 6 line pairs per millimeter.

The vertex length of the projection lens arrangement 20B is about 1.81 inches or about 46.22 millimeters. The vertex length is adjustable and has an adjustment range between a short length of about 1.497 inches or about 38.02 millimeters and a full length of about 1.81 inches or about 46.22 millimeters. The aperture or speed of the projection lens arrangement 20B is about f/5.

In order to identify the sequence positioning of groups G1, G2 and G3 from the object end φ to the image end I, the lens elements are designated in their

sequential position as L1-L4. Groups G1 and G2 comprise the inventive projection lens. Lens L4 is a Fresnel lens. Also, in order to identify the sequence

positioning of the lens element surfaces, the surfaces are designated in their sequential positions as S2-S9 from the object end φ to the image end I of the lens arrangement 20B.

Considering now group G1 in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1B, group G1 is configured in a doublet arrangement including the lens elements L1 and L2

respectively. Lens elements L1 and L2 cooperate together to provide positive optical power where lens element L2 counter corrects lens aberrations introduced by lens element L1.

Considering now lens element L1 in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1B, surface S3 is complementary to surface S4 of lens element L2 to permit the two lens elements L1 and L2 to be contiguous along their

respective surfaces S3, S4. The radius of curvature of surface S3 of lens L1 is identical to surface S9 of lens L4. In this regard, only a single test plate (not shown) is required to verify the curvature of lens L1 and L4. Lens L1 and L3 introduce undercorrected spherical

aberration and astigmatism, as well as positive field curvature.

Considering now lens element L2 in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1B, surface S5 of lens element L2 is generally piano while surface S4 of lens element L2 is generally concave. As noted earlier, surface S4 is complementary to surface S3 of lens element L1. The function of lens element L2 is to balance the aberration of lens L1 and L3 by introducing overcorrected spherical aberration and astigmatism, as well as negative field curvature.

Considering now group G2 in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1B, group G2 includes a single lens element L3, having a lens stop LS. Lens element L3 is a bi-concave element of negative optical power for counter correcting lens aberration introduced by lens elements L1 and L2.

Lens element L3 includes two surfaces S6 and S7 respectively, where each of the surfaces S6 and S7 are generally concave. The distance between surface S7 of lens element L3 and surface S8 of lens group G3 is variable.

Considering now group G3 in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1B, group G3 includes a single lens element L4 of positive optical power. The function of lens element L4 is to relay the height output from the projection lens groups G1 and G2.

As best seen in FIG. 1B, lens element L4 includes two surfaces S8 and S9. Lens surface S9 of lens element L4 is generally aspheric while surface S8 of lens element L4 is generally piano. The distance between surface S8 of lens element L4 and surface S7 of lens element L3 is variable as lens element L4 is mounted movably relative to lens element L3. In this regard, the servo system 22B enables the lens element L4 to be moved rectilinearly along a track 26B by about .313 inches or about 8.20 millimeters.

The lens arrangement 20B preferably has at least two aspheric surfaces as previously described, such as the surfaces S2 and S9. As will be made apparent from the examples that follow in Table 1B, the aspherical surfaces may be defined by the following equation:

where Z = p₁y² + p₂y⁴ + p₃y⁶ + P₄y⁸ (2B)

Those skilled in the art will understand that X is a surface sag from the semi-aperture distance y from the axis or optical path P; that C is the curvature of a lens surface of the optical axis P equal to the reciprocal of the radius of the optical axis P; and that K is a conic constant (cc) or other surface of revolution.

The following example in Tables 1B is an exemplary of the lens arrangement 20B embodying the present

invention and which is useful primarily for projecting a full color liquid crystal image color corrected. The lens arrangement of Table 1B has aspheric surfaces defined by the foregoing aspheric equation. In the table, the surface radius for each surface, such as surface S2, is the radius at the optical axis P, N_d is the index of refraction, and V_d is the Abbe number. Positive surface radii are struck from the right and negative radii are struck from the left. The object is to the left at surface SI of a liquid crystal display panel 24B.

Table IB

A lens as shown in FIG. 1B scaled for a 5.6 foot

conjugate; object distance of 1706.00000mm; object height of -700.000000; and entrance pupil radius of 17.66231.

Lens Surf. Radius Axial Aperture Element

Ele. Desig. (mm) Distance Radius Comp.

No. Between (mm)

Surfaces

(mm)

S1 -17.09756 17.66231K AIR

S2 73.82133 7.50184 26.00000K BAK1C L1

S3 - 10.27072V 26.00000K AIR

1112.99810

S4 -99.73322 2.69314 24.50000A LF5C L2

S5 75.04693 8.70928 24.50000 AIR

S6 -274.05990 2.81867 24.50000K KF6C L3

S7 62.88152 9.99902 24.50000K SK2C

S8 -73.82133 289.33000 24.50000K AIR L4

S9 - 3.98780 124.71569S ACRYLIC C

S10 -46.72718 10.49020 132.00000 AIR Refractive Indices (N_d)

Lens Element RN1/RN4 RN2/RN5 RN3/RN6 VNBR Element Comp.

AIR - - - - L1 BAKIC 1.57250 1.57943 1.56949 57, .54848

AIR - - - -

L2 LF5C 1.58144 1.59146 1.57723 40. .85149

1.59964 - - -

AIR - - - -

L3 KF6C 1.51742 1.52434 1.51443 52. .19566

1.52984 - - -

L4 SK2C 1.60738 1.61486 1.60414 56. ,65632

1.62073 - - -

AIR - - - -

ACRYL1C 1.49177 1.49799 1.48901 56. ,01934

1.50377 - - -

AIR - - - -

Aspheric parameters of L4 (S9)

CC -1.01435

P1 0.00711

P2 -2.6576 × 10^-8

P3 4.1592 × 10^-14

P4 1.5503 × 10-¹⁷

Referring now to FIGS. 2AB-2CB there is illustrated the ray displacement caused by the lens arrangement 20B. FIG. 2AB illustrates ray displacement where the FOB is about 1.0 and a 5.6 foot conjugate. In this regard, a pair of displacement curves 302B and 303B illustrates the ray displacement when the image wavelength is about 0.588 microns. Other pairs of ray displacement curves are illustrated for different image wavelengths such as a pair of displacement curves 304B and 305B illustrate the ray displacement when the image wavelength is about 0.486 microns; a pair of displacement curves 306B and 307B illustrate the ray displacement when the image wavelength is about 0.656 microns; and a pair of displacement curves 308B and 309B illustrate the ray displacement when the image wavelength is about 0.436 microns.

FIG. 2BB is similar to FIG. 2AB except the FOB is about 0.7. The pairs of ray displacement curves for wavelengths of 0.588; 0.486; 0.656; and 0.436 are

312B,313B; 314B,315B; 316B,317B; and 318B,319B,

respectively.

FIG. 2CB is similar to FIGS. 2AB and 2BB except the FOB is about 0.0. The pairs of ray displacement curves for wavelengths of 0.588; 0.486; 09.656; and 0.436 are 322B,323B; 324B,325B; 326B,327B; and 328B,329B

respectively.

FIGS. 3AB-3CB and 4AB-4CB are similar to FIGS. 2AB-2CB and illustrate pairs of displacement curves for wavelengths of 0.588; 0.486; 0.656 and 0.436 relative to different FOB of 1.0, 0.7 and 0 respectively. In order to identify curve pairs in FIGS. 3AB-3CB and 4AB-4CB as described in FIGS. 2AB-2CB the first character reference number identifying the curves in FIGS. 3AB-3CB and 4AB-4CB have been sequentially increased. For example, a curve pair 402B and 403B correspond in description to the curve pair 302B and 303B. Based on the foregoing, no further description will be provided for the 4.0 fast conjugate curves 402B-409B; 412B-429B; 422B-429B; and the 10.0 foot conjugate curves 502B-509B; 512B-519B; and 522B-529B.

Referring now to FIGS. 5AB-5CB; FIGS. 6AB-6CB and FIG. 7AB-7CB there is illustrated astigmatism, distortion and lateral color curves for the lens arrangement

examples having the 4.0 foot conjugate, 5.6 foot

conjugate and 10 foot conjugate respectively. The respective astigmatism, distortion and lateral color curves are identified as 601B; 602B; 603B; 604B and 605B for the 4.0 foot conjugate, 701B; 702B; 703B; 704B and 705B for the 5.6 foot conjugate, and 801B; 802B; 803B; 804B and 805B for the 10.0 foot conjugate.

Referring now to FIG. 8B there is illustrated a series of modulation transfer function curves 901B-905B of the lens arrangement example having the 4.0 foot conjugate. Each curve depicted illustrates the

modulation as a function of frequency (cycles per millimeter) .

FIGS. 9B and 10B are similar to FIG. 8B and

illustrate a series of modulation transfer function curves 1001B-1005B and H00B-H05B respective for the lens arrangement examples having 5.6 and 10.0 foot conjugates respectively.

C. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM COMPRESSION MODE OF

OPERATION

Referring now to FIGS. 1C-8C of the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1C thereof, there is shown a display control system 10C which is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The display control system 10C can be employed as the display control system 25A of FIG. 1A, and is illustrated coupled between a video signal producing device, such as a video output module 12C of a personal computer 14C and a display device, such as a liquid crystal display unit or panel 16C for displaying a compressed image defined by a matrix array of pixel images arranged in n number of rows and m number of columns. In this regard, the number n is about 1024 and the number m is about 768.

The display control system 10C generally includes a low speed sampling circuit 20C that converts an incoming analog RGB video data signal 18C, developed by the output module 12C, into a pixel data signal 21C for helping a compressed image to be displayed by the liquid crystal display unit 16C in a cost effective manner. In this regard, as will be explained hereinafter, the sampling circuit 20C includes a low cost, low speed, analog to digital converter arrangement that has a sampling rate which is substantially slower than the incoming rate of the video data signal which is typically between about 15 MHz and about 135 MHz.

A timing circuit 22C develops various timing signals that enable the sampling circuit 20C to receive and convert the incoming video data signal into pixel data 21C that is indicative of a workstation image or image to be compressed defined by a matrix array of pixel images arrayed in N number of rows and M number of columns. In this regard, the number N is about 1280 and the number M is about 1024. As the sampling rate of the sampling circuit 20C is substantially slower than the incoming data rate of the video data signal 18C, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that during any given frame time period, only one-half of the pixel image information for any frame cycle is converted into pixel data. Thus, the whole workstation image is converted into pixel data once every two frame cycle periods.

The display control system 10C also includes a programmable logic device or state machine 24C which is responsive to the timing circuit 22C for generating addressing or compression signals to help compress the whole workstation image on the fly into a compressed image that is displayed by the liquid crystal display unit 16C. The state machine 24C is driven by frame signals indicative of ODD frame time periods and EVEN frame time periods. One such state machine 24C was constructed using GAL logic. The actual program design of the GAL logic is shown in Appendix AC.

The system 10C also includes a data output circuit 26C responsive to the timing logic circuit 22C and the programmable logic device 24C for causing only certain portions of the pixel data 21C to be gated to the liquid crystal display panel 16C each frame.

In operation, the sampling circuit 20C converts the incoming video data signal 18C based upon whether a given frame cycle is an odd frame time period or cycle or an even frame time period or cycle and whether the video data signal being sampled is indicative of an odd pixel image in the M by N pixel image array or an even pixel image in the M by N pixel image array. More

particularly, the sampling circuit 20C converts the video data signal indicative of odd pixel images on odd lines in the M by N matrix array and even pixel images on even lines for every even frame time period. Alternately, for every odd frame time period, the sampling circuit 20C converts the video data signal indicative of even pixel images on odd lines in the M by N matrix array and odd pixel images on even lines. In this manner, every analog pixel image signal embodied within the workstation-based image is converted into pixel data once every two frame time periods.

From the foregoing, it should be understood by those skilled in the art, that causing the whole workstation image to be converted once every two frame time periods results in a substantially flicker free image being displayed by the liquid crystal display unit 16C.

The compression technique of the programmable logic device 24C also alternates between odd frame time periods and even frame time periods. In this regard, the device 24C causes designated pairs of pixel image columns and designated pairs of pixel images within each rows to be averaged over every two frame cycle periods to produce a series of averaged or single pixel image columns and a series of averaged pixel image pairs. The averaged pixel image columns are indicative of a single pixel image column. The averaged pixel image pairs are indicative of a single pixel image.

The above described compression technique does not involve composite pixel arrangements, nor expensive buffer memory devices. Instead, conversion of the incoming video data signal 18C into a compressed image is accomplished on the fly in a relatively inexpensive manner with simple buffer logic and low speed analog to digital converters.

Considering now the sampling circuit 20C in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3C, the sampling circuit 20C includes a set of analog to digital converter

arrangement 31C for converting the incoming analog red, green and blue video module signals into digital signals. A sample clock signal 34C generated by a logic gating arrangement 36C, enables the incoming analog signals to be converted at a predefined rate that allows only odd pixel image data to be converted during odd line, odd frame time periods and odd line, even frame time periods and only even pixel image data to be converted during even line, odd frame time periods and odd line, even frame time periods. In this manner, the image to be compressed, is sampled or converted on the fly at a rate that is substantially slower than the incoming data rate.

As will be explained herein in greater detail, during each odd frame time period, one half of the image to be compressed is converted and during each even frame time period, another half of the image to be compressed is converted. In this manner, conversion of the image is averaged over the entire image.

Referring now to FIGS. 5C and 6C, the conversion of the M by N matrix image data is illustrated

diagrammatically in greater detail. In FIG. 5C, each circled pixel image element, such as an element 501C and an element 502C is indicative of a converted incoming analog signal during an odd frame time period. Thus, in odd lines such as lines 1, 3, 5, . . . 1023, odd pixel image data has been converted and in even lines, such as lines 2, 4, 6, . . . 1024 even pixel image data has been converted.

FIG. 6C illustrates the conversion of the M by N matrix image data diagrammatically. In this regard, each circled pixel image element such as an element 503C and an element 504C is indicative of the converted incoming analog signals during an even frame time period. More particularly, as best seen in FIG. 6C, during odd lines, even pixel image data has been converted and during even lines, odd pixel image data has been converted.

Because of the slow response time of the liquid crystal panel 16C, the image formed by the panel 16C during the odd frame time period is combined with the image formed by the panel 16C during the even frame time period to be perceived by a viewer as a whole image in a substantially flicker free manner.

Considering now the gating arrangement 36C in greater detail, the gating arrangement 36C generally includes a set of logic gates 101C-105C which implements the function of determining which pixel data is to be sampled or converted. In this regard, depending on the odd/even frame cycle, and whether image data is to be displayed on an odd/even line, a clock signal HOC will be passed by one of the gates 101C-104C to a logic OR gate 105C to cause the sample clock signal 34C to be generated.

Considering now the programmable logic device 24C in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2C, the device 24C generally includes a group of logic circuits 1000C-1512C and a multiplexor arrangement 42C for generating a line address or compression signal for causing the vertical portion of the image to be compressed from N lines to n lines. In a preferred form of the invention, the logic circuits 1000C-1512C are embodied in gate array logic, and are shown in Appendix AC. The preferred language is ALTERA's Advanced Hardware Descriptive Language (AHDL).

The logic circuits 1000C-1512C are arranged to cause certain lines or rows of pixel image data in the

workstation-based image to be eliminated every odd frame cycle. During every even frame cycle, certain other lines or rows of pixel image data are eliminated. The two sets of eliminated lines or rows are thus averaged together to cause the number of lines to be compressed from N lines to n lines. As will be explained

hereinafter, since the liquid crystal display panel 16C has a slow response time, the compressed image is

indicative of and perceived by the viewer as the entire workstation image as each line in the workstation image is in fact displayed once every two frame cycles.

Referring now to FIGS. 7C and 8C, the averaging of lines of pixel image data is illustrated diagrammatically in greater detail. In FIG. 7C, during an odd frame time cycle, every third out of four rows or lines of pixel image data is eliminated such as a row 703C, 707C and 7HC. Thus, lines 3, 7, 11, etc. are eliminated. In FIG. 8C, during the even frame cycle, every fourth out of four rows or lines of pixel image data is eliminated such as a row 704C and 708C. Thus, lines 4, 8, 12 etc. are eliminated. As the eliminated third and fourth line groups, such as line 3C and line 4C are adjacent to one another, the viewer perceives the resulting image as a combination of both the eliminated lines. Because the entire workstation-based image is actually displayed every two frame cycles, the resulting image is displayed without introducing any substantial stripping.

In order to enable adjacent lines of pixel images to be averaged, the multiplexor arrangement 42C generally includes a plurality of groups of line address pair circuits. In this regard for example, the odd frame time logic for gating lines 1, 2, 3 is multiplexed with the even frame time logic for gating lines 1, 2, 4 to permit lines 3 and 4 to be averaged.

From the foregoing, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the multiplexor arrangement 42C includes a plurality of line address drivers (not shown) which are coupled to data output logic 26C by an address buss line 29C.

Considering now the data output logic 26C in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2C, the data output logic 26C generally includes a set 50C of frame buffer devices coupled to the address buss line 29C and a set 52C of multiplexors for assembling output data in odd and even byte pairs. The set 50C of frame buffer devices are responsive to pixel data converted by the sampling circuit 20C as well as the line address signals generated by the programmable logic device 24C. In this regard, the set 50C of frame buffer devices enables certain adjacent columns of pixel image data to be averaged together over every two frame cycles to form sets of single pixel image columns.

Considering now the set 50C of frame buffer devices in greater detail, the set 50C of devices generally includes a group of logic circuits 60C-64C for generating •compression signals 70C-73C for causing the horizontal portion of the image to be compressed from M lines to m lines. The logic circuits 60C-64C are embedded in the previously mentioned GAL and are shown in Appendix AC.

The logic circuits 60C-64C are arranged to cause certain columns of pixel image data in the workstation image to be eliminated during every odd frame cycle and certain other columns of pixel image data to be

eliminated during every even frame cycle. The two sets of eliminated columns are thus averaged together, to cause the number of columns to be compressed from M columns to m columns.

Referring now to FIGS. 7C and 8C, the averaging of columns of pixel image data is illustrated in greater detail. In FIG. 7C, during an odd frame time cycle, every four out of five columns of pixel image data is eliminated. Thus, columns 4, 9, 14 etc. are eliminated. In FIG. 8C, during the even frame time cycle, every fifth out of five columns of pixel image data is eliminated. Thus, columns 5, 10, 15 etc. are eliminated. As the eliminated column groups, such as columns 4 and 5 in the first group and columns 9 and 10 in the second group are adjacent to one another, the viewer perceives the

resulting image as a combination of both columns (4 and 5) and (9 and 10) for example. Because the entire workstation image is displayed every two frame cycles, the resulting image is displayed flicker free and without introducing any substantial stripping.

Considering now the set 52C of multiplexors, the set 52C generally includes a pair of devices for sending odd and even pixel data information to the liquid crystal display unit 16C. In this regard, the set 52C of

multiplexor devices includes an odd multiplexor device 80C and an even multiplexor device 82C. The odd

multiplexor device 80C is coupled to the output of the logic circuits 60C and 62C. The even multiplexor device 82C is coupled to the output of the logic circuits 63C and 64C.

Considering now the logic circuits 60C-64C in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5C, the logic circuits 60C-64C control compression for the columns indicated in Table IC.

From Table IC, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that column pixel image data

controlled by logic circuits 63C and 64C will be

compressed.

As best seen in FIG. 5C, in order to control column compression the output drivers of logic circuits 63C and 64C are enabled by a pair of logic signals, an ODD FRAME signal 220C and an EVEN FRAME signal 222C. Logic signal

220C and 222C are generated by the timing logic circuit

22C and are indicative of an ODD frame time period and an

EVEN frame time period respectively. The logic circuits for generating the ODD FRAME signal 220C and the EVEN

FRAME signal 222C are conventional flip flops (not shown) and will not be described herein.

When the ODD logic signal 220C is a logical high, column driver 64C is disabled and column driver 63C is enabled. Similarly, when the EVEN logic signal 222C is a logical high, column driver 63C is disabled and column driver 64C is enabled.

The output signals from drivers 63C and 64C are connected together at a common node N and are coupled to the multiplexor 82C.

Considering now the timing circuit 22C in greater detail, the timing circuit 22C generally includes a phase

VCO or pixel clock generator 200C for generating a reference or pixel clock signal 202C and a pair of unsynchronized clock generators, such as an odd clock generator 204C and an even clock generator 206C for generating a CLKA signal 205C and CLKB signal 207C respectively. A phase lock loop 201C causes the signals 205C and 207C to be synchronized relative to one another as best seen in FIG. 4C.

A logic arrangement 208C consisting of a set of logic gates 210C-212C coupled to the clock generators 204C and 206C develop an output CLOCK signal 214C. The clock signal 214C is phase shifted once each frame cycle to enable odd pixel data to be sampled during one frame cycle period and even pixel data to be sampled during the next frame cycle period.

The timing circuit also includes a group of logic elements (not shown) that generate an ODD line signal

221C and an EVEN line signal 223C. Those skilled in the art would be able to arrange logic elements to determine whether a given line was an odd line or an even line without undue experimentation.

D. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM PANNING MODE OF OPERATION Referring now to FIGS. 1D-13D of the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1D thereof, there is shown a display control system 10D which is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The display control system 10D can be employed as the display control system 25A of FIG. 1A, and is illustrated connected to a personal computer 12D, having a video control module (not shown) for driving a workstation monitor 14D and a liquid crystal display monitor 16D simultaneously. The display control system 10D, in accordance with the method of the present invention, can rewrite the video information from the personal computer 12D to both the workstation monitor 14D having an M by N or 1280 × 1024 pixel element matrix array and the liquid crystal display unit 16D having an m by n 1024 x 768 pixel element matrix array simultaneously. In this regard, as more fully disclosed herein, the display control system 10D compresses a workstation video image 14AD displayed on the workstation monitor 14D in such a manner so that substantially the entire 1280 × 1024 workstation image is displayed as a 1024 × 768 liquid crystal display image 16AD by the liquid crystal display panel 16D. The display control system 10D can control the liquid crystal display unit 16D to enable the workstation image 14AD to be panned in accordance with the method of the present invention.

The display control system 10D generally includes a control circuit 20D that controls the sampling of an incoming analog RGB video data signal 15D, developed by the video control module in the personal computer 12D. In this regard, the control circuit 20D causes only a selected portion of the incoming video data signal 15D to be sampled and converted into digital data by an analog to digital converter 18D. A control gate 34D under the control of the control circuit 20D, passes an A/D clock signal 36D that enables the analog to digital converter 18D to sample the incoming video data signal 15D for conversion purposes. As will be explained hereinafter, the A/D clock signal 36D is synchronized with the

incoming video data signal 15D via a pixel clock signal 32D.

A video data buffer RAM memory unit 19D coupled to the digital converter 18D by means not shown, stores the selected and converted portion of the video information, where the selected portion is indicative of a 1024 × 768 portion of 1280 × 1024 workstation video image. As will be explained hereinafter, a user employing a remote control panning device 22D can select any 1024 × 768 portion of the 1280 × 1024 workstation image to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 16D. A microprocessor 24D coupled to the remote control panning device 22D via an infrared receiver 23D, causes the displayed portion of the workstation image to be changed in response to input command signals generated by the device 22D.

A voltage controlled oscillator circuit or pixel clock generator 30D, synchronized by an HSYNC signal 17D develops the pixel clock signal 32D for synchronizing the A/D clock signal 36D with the incoming video data signal 15D.

In operation, as best seen in FIGS. 2D-7D, whenever a user desires to pan the workstation image 16AD

displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 16D, the user, via the remote control panning device 22D, causes a panning command signal to be transmitted to the

microprocessor 24D. In response to receiving the panning control signal, the microprocessor 24D, via the control circuit 20D, causes the workstation image 16AD displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 16D to be changed. In this regard, only a central portion 100D (FIG. 10D) of the workstation image 14AD is displayed, where the central portion 100D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 129 to 896 of the workstation image 14AD and columns 129 to 1152 of the workstation image 14AD.

After the central portion 100D is displayed, the user, via the remote control panning device 22D, can cause pan left, right, up and down signals to be

transmitted to the microprocessor 24D to view different portions of the workstation image.

In response to each pan left signal received by the microprocessor 24D, the control circuit 20D causes the displayed image to be changed column by column to a left central portion 102D of the workstation image 14AD, where the left portion 102D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 129 to 896 of the workstation image 14AD and columns (129-X_L) to (1152-X_L), where X_L is a whole number integer between 1 and 128.

From the foregoing, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that when the user pans the LCD image to a full left position, the left central portion 102D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 129 to 896 of the workstation image 14A and columns 1 to 1024 of the workstation image 14AD.

In a similar manner, in response to each pan right signal received by the microprocessor 24D, the control circuit 20D causes the displayed image to be changed to a right central portion 104D of the workstation image, where the right portion 104D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 129 to 896 of the workstation image and columns (129 + X_R) to (1152 + X_R) , where X_R is a whole number integer between 1 and 128.

Thus, when the user pans the image to a full right portion, the right central portion 104D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 129 to 896 of the workstation image 14AD and columns 256 to 1280 of the workstation image 14AD.

In response to each pan up signal received by the microprocessor 24D, the control circuit 20D causes the displayed image to be changed to an upper central portion 106D of the workstation image, where the upper portion is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines (129 _ Y_u) to (896 _ Y_u), where Y_υ is a whole number integer between 1 and 128.

When the image is panned to a full upper position, the upper central portion 106D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 1 to 768 of the workstation image 14AD and columns 129 to 1152 of the workstation image 14AD. In a similar manner, in response to each pan down signal received by the microprocessor 24D, the control circuit 20D causes the displayed image to be changed to a lower central portion 108D of the workstation image 14AD, where the lower portion 108D is defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines

(129 + Y_D) to (896 + Y_D), where Y_D is a whole number integer between 1 and 128.

Thus, when the user pans the displayed image to a full lower position, the lower portion 108D is defined by a 1024 x 768 matrix array of pixel images indicative of lines 258 to 1024 of the workstation image 14AD.

While in the preferred embodiment of the present invention the displayed image was defined by a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel images, those skilled in the art will understand other matrix arrays of different sizes are contemplated within the scope of the invention.

Considering now the display control system 10D in greater detail, the control circuit 20D generally

comprises a line control arrangement 40D and a column or pixel control arrangement 50D. The line control

arrangement 40D determines which lines, in lines l to 1024 of the workstation image, will be displayed by liquid crystal display 16D. In a similar manner, the pixel control arrangement 50D determines which columns, in columns 1 to 1280 of the workstation image, will be displayed by the liquid crystal display 16D.

Considering now the line control arrangement 40D in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1D, the line control arrangement 40D generally includes a line hold off counter 42D and an active line counter 44D and a pair of decrement gates 43D, 45D which couple decrement pulses to each of the counters 42D and 44D respectively. The line hold off counter 42D, is synchronized with the incoming video data signal 15D via a VSYNC signal 16D generated by the video module in the personal computer 12D. In this regard, the line hold off counter is enabled by a VSYNC signal 17AD generated by the personal computer 12D.

The line hold off counter 42D counts a predetermined Y number of display lines, following the VSYNC signal 17AD, to be inhibited from display. In this regard, the microprocessor 24D, upon receiving the pan command signal, causes the line hold off counter 42D to be loaded with an initialize Y count via a load signal bus 26D. The Y count equals the number of lines the workstation image can be panned either up or down. In this regard, Y can be between a minimum number and a maximum number of lines capable of being panned up or down depending on the size of the screen. More particularly, Y is defined by equation (1D) that follows:

Y = Number of lines inclusive of VSYNC pulses

+ VSYNC blanking interval (1)D

+ Starting line number of the image

The following examples will illustrate the

application of equation (1D):

From the foregoing, it should be understood that the initialized value of Y depends upon both the screen size and the starting line number of the image. Thus, for example, to start from a center screen position with a screen size of 1024 × 768 pixels, Y will be initialized to a value of 128 plus VSYNC pulses plus VSYNC blanking.

In operation, when the VSYNC signal 17AD goes high at the end of a previous frame time period, the line hold off counter 42D is enabled causing its output to a logic LOW level disabling the active line counter 44D and the pixel control arrangement 50D. The line off counter 42D is then loaded with the initialize count of 128, which count is decremented once each time the HSYNC signal 17D goes to a logic HIGH level. When the line hold off counter 42D is decremented to zero, a terminal count signal 46D is generated which in turn, enables both the active line counter 44D, and the pixel control

arrangement 50D as will be explained hereinafter in greater detail.

When the active line counter 44D is enabled, it is decrement once for each occurrence of the HSYNC signal 17D after the terminal count signal 46D rises to a logic HIGH level.

The active line counter 44D is initialized by the microprocessor 24D, via the load signal bus 26D, with a predetermined M number, where M is indicative of the total number of matrix display lines available on the liquid crystal display unit 16D. In this regard, the counter 44D is loaded with the number 768 via the load signal bus 26D.

When the active line counter 44D is decremented to zero, it generates a disable signal 47D, which in turn, causes both disable gates 43D and 45D to be disabled.

The microprocessor 24D is responsive to both the

VSYNC signal 17AD and the HSYNC signal 17D as well as the various pan commands transmitted by the user via the remote control device 22D. In this regard, the

microprocessor 24D includes a conventional algorithm for determining the current position of the panel image relative to the corresponding workstation image. Based on this determination the microprocessor 24D causes the line control circuit 40D and the pixel control circuit 50D to be loaded with appropriate counts for inhibiting and enabling display of the user selected portion of the workstation image.

Considering now the pixel control arrangement 50D in greater detail, with reference to FIG. 1D, the pixel control arrangement generally includes a pixel hold off counter 52D and an active pixel counter 54D. The pixel hold off counter 52D is synchronized with the incoming analog video data signal 15D via the line hold off counter terminal count signal 46D and the pixel clock signal 32D.

When the terminal count signal 46D goes to a logic HIGH level, the pixel hold off counter 52D is enabled. In this regard, the counter 52D is initialized by the microprocessor 24D which causes the counter 52D to be loaded with an initialize X count via the load signal bus 26D. The X count equals the number of columns the workstation image can be panned either left or right. In this regard, X can be between a minimum number and a maximum number of columns capable of being panned either to the left or to the right depending on the size of the screen. More particularly, X is defined by equation (2D) that follows:

X = Number of pixels inclusive of HSYNC pulses

+ HSYNC blanking interval (2)D

+ Starting pixel column number of the image

The following examples will illustrate the

application of equation (2D):

From the foregoing, it should be understood that the initialized value of X depends upon both the screen size and the starting pixel column number within the panned image. Thus, for example, to start from a center screen position with a screen size of 1024 by 768 pixels, X will be initialized to a value of 128 plus HSYNC pulses plus HSYNC blanking.

When the pixel hold off counter 52D is enabled, it is decrement once for each occurrence of the pixel clock signal 32D. Thus, the output of the pixel hold off counter 52D will remain at a logic LOW level for 128 pixel clocks. When the pixel hold off counter 52D is decremented to zero, its output generates a start

sampling signal 56D, goes to a logic HIGH level which in turn, enables both the active pixel counter 54D and the A/D clock gate 34D.

When the active pixel counter 54D is enabled, it is decremented once for each occurrence of the pixel clock signal 32D.

The active pixel counter 54D is initialized by the microprocessor 24D, via the load signal bus 26D with a predetermined N number, where N is indicative of the total number of matrix display columns available on the liquid crystal display unit 16D. In this regard, the counter 54D is loaded with the number 1024 via the load signal bus 26D. When the active pixel counter 54D is enabled, it is decremented once for each occurrence of the pixel clock signal 32D. In this regard, when the counter 54D is decremented to a zero count, it generates a stop sampling signal 57D which in turn, causes the A/D clock gate 34D to be disabled.

From the foregoing, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the A/D clock gate 34D is enabled only during that time period the pixel hold off counter start sampling sinal 56D is at a logic HIGH level.

Considering now the remote device 22D in greater detail with reference to FIG. 12D, the remote device 22D generally includes a pan command key 302D which, when actuated cause a pan command to be sent to the

microprocessor 24D. In this regard, the control circuit will cause the compressed image 16AD as illustrated in FIG. 3D to be changed to a central pan image 100D

(FIG. 10D) upon receipt of the pan command.

The remote device 22D also includes a group 304D of panning keys that includes a pan left key 310D, a pan right key 311D, a pan up key 312D, and a pan down key 313D. In operation, by actuating the keys 310D-311D any panning position as illustrated in FIGS. 3D-11D can be achieved. In this regard for example, an upper left pan position 110D, an upper right pan position 111D, a lower left pan position 112D, and a lower right pan position 113D can be viewed as best seen in FIGS. 8D-9D and 11D-12D respectively.

By way of example, initialized values for X and Y with a screen size of 1024 by 768 pixels was specified for a centralized portion of the image to be panned. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other initialized values of X and Y will result for different screen sizes. Thus, X and Y will be different for screen sizes of 1152 by 900 pixels, and the like. E. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM ZOOMING MODE OF OPERATION

Referring now to FIGS. 1E-HE of the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1E thereof, there is shown a display control system 10E which is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The display control system 10E can be employed as the display control system 25A of FIG. 1A and is illustrated coupled between a video signal producing device, such as a personal computer 12E having a monitor 13E, and a display device, such as a liquid crystal display unit 15E. While the preferred embodiment of the present invention describes the use of a personal computer 12E, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that other devices including both high and low resolution devices will also perform satisfactorily.

The liquid crystal display unit 15E includes a liquid crystal panel 16E (FIGS. 1E-3E) having a 1024 × 768 matrix array of pixel elements for displaying a monitor image 18E. In this regard, the monitor image 18 can be either a virtually duplicated image 30E (FIG. 2E) of a personal computer monitor image 14E, or a zoomed image 31E (FIG. 3E) of the personal computer monitor image 14E. The duplicated image 30E is defined by a matrix array of pixel images arranged in n number of rows and m number of columns, while the zoomed image 31E is defined by a matrix array of pixel elements arranged in N numbers of rows and M number of columns. In this regard, the numbers m and M are about 640 and 1024 respectively, while the numbers n and N are about 480 and 720

respectively.

From the foregoing, those skilled in the art will understand the display system 10E enables a user (not shown) to view an image from the liquid crystal display panel 16E as either a virtually duplicated image of the computer monitor image 14E arranged in a matrix array of 640 × 480 pixels, such as image 30E, or as the

corresponding zoomed image 31E arranged in a matrix array of 1024 × 720 pixels.

The display control system 10E generally includes a low speed sampling arrangement indicated generally at 20E that helps convert an incoming analog RGB video data signal 119E developed by the personal computer 12E into a pixel data signal 21AE that is indicative of the 640 x 480 monitor image 14E. In this regard, as will be explained hereinafter, the sampling arrangement 20E includes a low cost, low speed analog to digital

converter arrangement indicated generally at 21E that has a sampling rate which is sufficient to sample all of incoming video data indicative of the 640 × 480 computer image at least once each frame time period.

The low speed sampling arrangement 20E also includes a timing control circuit 22E to develop various timing signals that enable the analog to digital converter arrangement 21E to convert the incoming video data signal 119E into pixel data 21AE arranged in a proper format for display on the panel 16E. From the foregoing, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that during any given frame time period, all of the pixel image

information for any frame cycle is converted into pixel data.

The sampling arrangement 20E also includes a video RAM memory 23E that receives and stores the pixel data converted by the analog to digital converter 21E. In this regard, the pixel data 21AE is stored as an array having the dimensions m × n, where m is about 1024 and n is about 768 for displaying image 30E, and m is about 1280 and n is about 512 for displaying zoomed image 31E. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that dimensions m × n of the array described are the preferred dimensions. However, other dimensions are contemplated and are within the scope of the present invention.

As will be explained hereinafter, in greater detail, as data is retrieved from the memory 23E, it is formatted to be a centered 640 × 480 image, such as the image 30E displayed in the center of the upper portion of the

1024 × 768 array of the LCD panel 16E, or it is formatted to be a zoomed 1024 × 720 image, such as the zoomed image 31E, displayed at the top of the 1024 × 768 array. Both the centered image 30E and the zoomed image 31E

correspond to the computer monitor image 14E, where the centered image 30E has the same pixel image configuration of 640 × 480 pixel images as the computer monitor image 14E, while the zoomed image 31E has an enlarged

1024 × 720 pixel image configuration. It will be

understood by one skilled in the art that the location of image 30E in FIG. 2E and the location of zoomed image 31E in FIG. 3E are the preferred locations. Other locations within the panel 16E are possible and are contemplated in the present invention.

The display control system 10E also includes an output logic arrangement 24E which is responsive to the timing control circuit 22E for generating addressing or scaling signals to help either zoom the whole computer monitor image 14E into a zoomed image, such as the zoomed image 31E, or to merely duplicate the whole computer monitor image 14E as a centered image, such as the centered image 30E. In this regard, the output logic arrangement 24E enables the pixel data 21AE to either be retrieved and displayed as 640 × 480 lines of display information, or to be scaled and displayed as 1024 × 720 lines of information, as will be explained hereinafter in greater detail.

The display control system 10E also includes a microprocessor 29E coupled to a remote control zoom device 27E via an infrared receiver 28E, to cause the liquid crystal display panel 16E to display in response to input command signals generated by the device 27E, either the centered 640 x 480 image, such as the centered image 30E, or the zoomed image, such as the zoomed image 31E.

In operation, the microprocessor 29E initially detects the format of the incoming analog video data 119E to determine the size of memory required to store the analog video data 119E which has been converted in the memory 23E, for displaying both image 30E and zoomed image 31E. The microprocessor subsequently assigns the required memory space of memory 23E for temporarily storing the analog video data 119E which has been

converted, and clears the assigned memory space in preparation for receiving digital information

representative of the image to be displayed on the panel 16E.

After the required space of memory 23E has been cleared, the sampling arrangement 20E causes the incoming analog video data 119E to be stored in the predetermined locations in the memory 23E. More particularly, the sampling arrangement 20E converts the video data signal 119E into digital pixel data 21AE while the video data RAM memory 23E stores the pixel data 21AE. As will be explained hereinafter, a user employing the remote control zoom device 27E can select either a duplicate of the monitor image 14E to be displayed as a centered 640 × 480 image, such as the centered image 30E, or a zoomed 1024 × 720 image, such as the zoomed image 31E.

Initially, the centered image 30E is displayed on panel 16. Whenever the user desires to zoom the centered image 30E displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 16E, the user, via the remote control zoom device 27E, causes a zoomed command signal to be transmitted to the microprocessor 29E. In response to receiving the zoom command signal, the microprocessor 29E generates a zoom signal 191E to cause the centered image 30E displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 16E to be changed to the zoomed image 31E. In this regard, the image changes from the centered image 30E having a 640 × 480 pixel format to a zoomed image 31E having a 1024 × 720 pixel format.

After the zoomed image 31E is displayed, the user, via the remote control zoom device 27E, can cause a restore command signal to be transmitted to the

microprocessor 29E to restore the centered image 30E so a duplicate image of the computer image 14E can be viewed. In this regard, the microprocessor 29E generates a restore signal 192E to cause the image 30E to be

displayed.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that although a 1024 × 768 image can be displayed by the liquid crystal display panel 16E, the size of image 30E does not fully correspond to the size of panel 16E. In this regard, when a user causes the restore signal 192E to be generated, the centered image 30E will be

displayed. The centered image 30E is defined by a

640 × 480 matrix array of pixel images disposed in the 1024 × 768 matrix array at columns 192E to 832E, as defined by imaginary lines 91E and 93E, respectively (FIG. 2E), and lines 1E to 480E, defined by imaginary lines 92E and 94E, respectively.

In a similar manner, it will also be understood that when the user causes the zoom signal 191E to be

generated, the zoomed image 31E will be displayed. The zoomed image is defined by a 1024 × 720 matrix array pixel image disposed in the 1024 × 768 matrix array at columns 1E to 1024E, and lines 1E to 720E, as defined by imaginary lines 95E and 96E respectively (FIG. 3E).

Although both images 30E and 31E are both positioned at the upper edge of panel 16E in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one skilled in the art will understand that the images 30E and 31E can be centered between the upper and lower edges of panel 16E.

Furthermore, while in the preferred embodiment of the present invention the displayed zoomed image 31E is defined by a 1024 × 720 matrix array of pixel images, those skilled in the art will understand other matrix arrays of different sizes are also contemplated and are within the scope of the invention.

Also in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the video data signal 119E was defined as an analog signal. Those skilled in the art will understand that digital signals are also contemplated, thereby eliminating the need for conversion from an analog to a digital signal. In this regard, an analog to digital converter is not required as such digital signals can be gated directly into a video data RAM memory.

Considering now the remote device 27E in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6E, the remote device 27E generally includes a zoom up command key 302E which, when actuated, causes a zoom command to be sent to the

microprocessor 29E. In this regard, the microprocessor 29E will cause the centered image 30E as illustrated in FIG. 2E to be changed to the zoomed image 31E (FIG. 3E) upon receipt of the zoom command.

The remote device 27E also includes a restore or zoom down key 310E. In operation, by actuating the key 310E, the zoomed down image 30E as illustrated in FIG. 2E can be achieved.

Considering now the low speed sampling arrangement 20E in greater detail with reference to FIG. 1E and 4E, the sampling arrangement 20E includes the analog to digital converter arrangement 21E for converting the incoming analog red, green and blue video signals into digital signals. A sample clock signal 36E generated by a logic gating arrangement indicated generally at 37E (FIG. 4E), enables the incoming analog signals to be converted at a variable rate that allows all of the pixel image data to be converted during odd frame time periods and all of pixel image data to be converted during even frame time periods. In this regard, the incoming analog signals are converted at a normal rate when duplicate image 30E is desired, and are converted at a zoomed rate when the zoomed image 31E is desired.

Considering now the gating arrangement 37E in greater detail, the gating arrangement 37E generally includes a set of logic gates 101E-103E to generate a SAMPLE CLOCK clock signal 36E to determine which pixel data is to be sampled or converted, as well as the rate at which the pixel data is to be sampled. The clock signal 36E is generated by the logic OR gate 103E.

Depending on whether restore mode or zoom mode has been selected, clock signal 36E will either be a PXCLK clock signal 34E from the gate 101E or a ZOOM CLOCK clock signal 136E from the gate 102E, respectively. The ZOOM CLOCK clock signal 136E has a frequency which is

substantially two times larger than the frequency of PXCLK clock signal 34E, as best seen in FIG. 7E. In this way, the input analog data 119E may be sampled during the zoom mode at twice the rate of the sampling during the restore mode. This results in the ability to sample the same pixel information two times, and then to store the same pixel information two times, side by side, in the memory 23E. By doubling each piece of pixel information stored in the memory 23E, a 640 × 480 image is converted into a 1280 × 480 image, which is then stored in the memory 23E for subsequent scaling operations, as will be discussed hereinafter in greater detail. The gating arrangement 37E further includes a VCO CLOCK vertical count clock 200E connected to the HSYNC signal 117E to generate the PXCLK pixel clock signal 34E. Pixel clock signal 34E cooperates with the restore command signal 192E from the microprocessor 29E at gate 101E to generate the restore mode input for the OR gate 103E, wherein gate 101E generates a signal substantially equal to PXCLK clock signal 34E.

The zoom command signal 191E from the microprocessor 29E cooperates with the ZOOM CLOCK signal 136E at gate 102E to generate the zoom mode input for the OR gate 103E, wherein gate 102E generates a signal substantially equal to ZOOM CLOCK clock signal 136E. The ZOOM CLOCK clock signal 136E is generated by any well known method or device for doubling the frequency of a pixel clock signal 36E, such as PXCLK clock signal.

A frame counter 45E is connected to HSYNC signal 117E and VSYNC signal 116E to generate ODD FRAME signal 220E and EVEN FRAME signal 222E for varying the output data from output logic arrangement 24E according to the even or odd status of the video frame being operated on, as described hereinafter in greater detail.

In operation, either the restore signal 192E or the zoom signal 191E is activated. Where the restore signal 192E is activated, the gate 101E generates a restore mode signal substantially similar to PXCLK clock signal 34E. Simultaneously, the gate 102E is deactivated. The OR gate 103E generates SAMPLE CLOCK clock signal 36E, which is substantially equal to PXCLK clock signal 34E, to selectively activate the analog to digital converter arrangement 21E.

In the event where the zoom signal 191E is

activated, the gate 102E generates a zoom mode signal substantially similar to ZOOM CLOCK clock signal 136E. Simultaneously, the gate 101E is deactivated. The OR gate 103E then generates the SAMPLE CLOCK clock signal 36E, based on the zoom mode signal, to double the

sampling rate for doubling the storage of each piece of pixel information converted from input analog data 119E.

Considering now the video RAM memory 23E in greater detail, the memory 23E is connected to the microprocessor 29E by means not shown to control the storage of

information in the memory 23E, and is also connected between the analog to digital converter arrangement 21E and the output logic arrangement 24E to receive and store pixel data 21AE before transferring the data to the output logic arrangement 24E. The memory 23E has a storage capacity large enough to accommodate an image from a high resolution device, such as a workstation having a pixel array dimension of 1280 × 1024. In this regard, the microprocessor 29E detects the pixel array dimension of the input device image, such as image 18E, and assigns an appropriate number of locations within the memory 23E to accommodate the image 18E.

In operation, the memory 23E performs two different functions according to the mode of operation selected by the user. For example, in the restore mode, the

microprocessor 29E clears the entire memory 23E to eliminate extraneous data previously stored in the memory 23E. The microprocessor 29E then detects the array dimensions of the image 18E.

In the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1E, the image 18E has an array of 640 × 480 while panel 16E has an array of 1024 × 768. Once the microprocessor 29E detects the array dimensions of image 18E, the

microprocessor 29E determines the appropriate memory locations within the memory 23E necessary to recreate the image 16E within the memory 24E. In this regard, the microprocessor 29E sets up a storage array within the memory 23E having the same dimensions as the panel 16E, 1024 x 768. The portion of the array starting at column 193 to column 832, and row 1 to 480 are reserved by the microprocessor 29E for receiving the pixel data 21AE, while the remaining columns and rows remain cleared.

During a single frame of video information, the sampling arrangement 20E converts the incoming analog data 119E into the pixel data 21AE which is then stored in the reserved portion of the memory 23E. In this way, the image 30E is stored in the memory 23E, at the upper central portions of the 1024 × 768 array. The stored image 30E is then transferred to the panel 16E, wherein the duplicate image 30E is positioned on panel 16E between columns 193 and 832, and rows 1 and 480 as shown in FIG. 2E.

In the zoom mode, the microprocessor initially clears the entire memory 23E. An array having dimensions of about 1280 x 512 is set aside in memory locations of the memory 23E to receive and store digital reproduction of the image 14E, wherein the number of columns of pixel information from the image 14E has been doubled while the number of rows remains the same. In this regard, the microprocessor 29E reserves memory columns 1 to 1280 and rows 1 to 480 for storing the enlarged representation of image 14E.

During a single frame of video information, the sampling arrangement 20E converts the incoming analog data 119E into the pixel data 21AE, wherein the incoming pixel data 21AE is sampled twice during the frame to enable the memory 23E to store each piece of pixel information twice. The pixel data 21AE is stored in the reserved memory of memory 23E before being transferred to the output logic arrangement 24E for scaling to

correspond to the array dimension of panel 16E.

From the foregoing, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that the memory 23E provides a means for temporarily reproducing the final image 18E to be displayed on panel 16E, including the empty space surrounding the image 30E, before transferring it for display in the restore mode.

In the zoom mode, the memory 23E provides a means for temporarily reproducing the image 14E in an

horizontally expanded manner, together with additional empty space below the image 30E, to facilitate the scaling thereof to enable the array dimensions of the scaled reproduction of image 14E to substantially match the array dimensions of panel 16E.

Considering now the output logic arrangement 24E in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 1E and 5E, the arrangement 24E generally includes a pair of output data logic units 91E and 92E for causing the pixel data retrieved from the video ram memory 23E to be displayed in the 640 × 480 or 1024 × 720 formats of the restore mode or the zoom mode, respectively. A gate control circuit 90E gates the pixel data information to one of the units 91E or 92E depending upon which operating mode has been selected. A multiplexer 93E controls the data passed by either the logic unit 91E or 92E to the display 16E.

Considering now the 1024 × 720 scaling logic unit 91E in greater detail with reference to FIG. 10E, the unit 91E generally includes a row logic device or

programmable logic device 124E and a column logic device 126E for scaling the horizontal and vertical pixel data, respectively.

As best seen in FIG. 10E, the programmable logic device 124E generally includes a group of logic circuits 1000E-1767E and a multiplexer arrangement 142E for generating a line address signal 38E for causing the lines or rows of the image to be scaled from n lines to N lines. In a preferred form of the invention, the logic circuits 1000E-1767E are embodied in gate array logic.

The logic circuits 1000E-1767E are arranged to cause certain lines or rows of pixel image data in the computer, monitor-based image 14E to be repeated every odd frame cycle. During every even frame cycle, certain other lines or rows of pixel image data are repeated.

Combining the odd frame cycle with the even frame cycle in an alternating manner causes some of the repeated lines from each cycle to overlap, thereby increasing the number of lines from n lines to N lines.

For example, logic circuit 1000E causes the line information stored in the memory 23E at line 2 or VL2 to be displayed twice, while the line information stored in memory 23E at line 1 or VL1 is displayed only once during an even frame cycle. During the subsequent odd frame cycle, logic circuit 1001E causes the line information stored in the memory 23E at line 1 or VL1 to be displayed twice, while the line information stored at line 2 or VL2 of the memory 23E is displayed only once.

In this way, the first three lines of information displayed on panel 16E comprise lines VL1, VL2 and VL2, respectively, during the even frame cycle. In the

subsequent odd frame cycle, the first three lines of information displayed on panel 16E comprise VL1, VL1 and VL2, respectively.

Thus, when the even frame cycle is combined with the odd frame cycle, three lines of information are generated from two stored lines of information. In this regard, the second line of the group of three lines displayed alternates between VL1 and VL2. As the human eye cannot discern the difference due to the frequency of the even and odd frame cycle, VL1 and VL2 of the second displayed line appear to coalesce into one line, without any

tearing effect. This pattern of repeating one of two lines to display a total of three lines during an even frame cycle, and repeating the other line to also display a total of three lines during an odd frame cycle, is repeated for subsequent pairs of line information until a total of 768 lines are displayed. In this regard, logic circuits 1002E and 1003E repeat lines VL479 and VL480 in the same fashion. As discussed previously, the memory 23E stores 480 lines of information. Thus, by utilizing the above described method of repeating and combining to convert two lines of information into three lines of displayed information, converting the 480 lines of stored information will result in only 720 lines of displayed lines of information, less than the 768 lines available on the panel 16E.

In order to address the remaining 48 lines of panel 16E, lines VL481 through VL512 of memory 23 which were initially cleared by the microprocessor 29E are also converted by the same method to provide line information to address the remaining 48 lines of panel 16E. As seen in FIG. 10E, logic circuits 1766E and 1767E provide the final three lines of the 768 lines which can be displayed by panel 16E.

Referring now to FIGS. 8E and 9E, the repeating and combining of lines or rows of pixel image data is

illustrated diagrammatically in greater detail.

FIG. 8E illustrates the pixel and line information generated by scaling logic unit 91E for display on panel 16E during an even frame cycle. In this regard, the left side of the diagram contains two vertical columns which identify the associated line or row. The innermost column is identified by VIDEO RAM LINES VL which

represents the line number as it is stored in the memory 23E. The outermost column is identified by PANEL LINES PL which represents the line number of the panel 16E that is displayed.

As discussed previously, logic circuit 1000E of FIG. 10E displays VL1, VL2 and VL2 as the first three display lines of panel 16E during the even frame cycle. This same display of lines VL1, VL2 and VL2 is shown in FIG. 8E, together with the corresponding displayed lines PL1, PL2 and PL3 of panel 16E. The pattern is repeated until lines VL511, VL512 and VL512 are displayed on panel 16E as lines PL766, PL767 and PL768.

Similarly, FIG. 9E illustrates the pixel and line information generated by scaling logic unit 91E for display on panel 16E during an odd frame cycle, and includes the same headings. However, during the odd frame cycle, the odd numbered lines stored in the memory 23E are repeated instead of the even numbed lines.

In order to enable the line information stored in the memory 23E to be expanded to match the capability of panel 16E, the multiplexer arrangement 142E generally includes a plurality of groups of line address pair circuits. In this regard, the even frame time logic for gating lines VL1, VL2, VL2 is multiplexed with the odd frame time logic for gating lines VL1, VL1, VL3 to permit stored lines VL1 and VL2 to be expanded into displayed lines PL1, PL2, and PL3. In other words, the stored lines are increased for display purposes by a ratio of 2 to 3.

From the foregoing, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the multiplexer arrangement 142E includes a plurality of line address drivers (not shown) which are coupled to column logic device 126E by an address buss line 38E.

Considering now the column logic 126E in greater detail with reference to FIG. 10E, the column logic 126E generally includes a set 51E of frame memory 23E devices coupled to the address buss line 38E and a set 52E of multiplexers 80E, 82E for assembling output data. The set 51E of frame memory 23E devices are responsive to pixel data retrieved from the memory 23E as well as the line address signals generated by the programmable logic device 124E. In this regard, the set 51E of frame memory 23E devices enables certain adjacent columns of pixel image data to be averaged together over every two frame cycles to form sets of single pixel image columns.

Considering now the set 51E of frame memory 23E devices in greater detail, the set 51E of devices

generally includes a group of logic circuits 60E-64E for generating scaling signals 70E-73E for causing the horizontal portion of the image to be scaled from 1280 lines to 1024 lines.

The logic circuits 60E-64E are arranged to cause certain columns of pixel image data stored in the memory 23E to be eliminated during every odd frame cycle and certain other columns of stored pixel image data to be eliminated during every even frame cycle. The two sets of eliminated columns are thus averaged together, to cause the number of columns to be compressed from 1280E columns to 1024E columns.

Referring now to FIGS. 8E and 9E, the averaging of columns of pixel image data is illustrated in greater detail. FIGS. 8E and 9E include two rows of pixel information identification, V1DEO RAM PIXELS VP and PANEL PIXELS PP, to identify the stored column of pixel

information and the column of pixel information

displayed, respectively. In both of FIGS. 8E and 9E, columns of pixel information stored in the memory 23E which are not displayed on panel 16E during a particular frame cycle are marked with a heavy line.

In FIG. 8E, during an even frame time cycle, one out of five columns of pixel image data is eliminated or not displayed. In this regard, stored columns VL4, VL9,

VL14 VL1279 are eliminated. In FIG. 9E, during the odd frame time cycle, adjacent columns of stored pixel image data are eliminated. Thus, stored columns VL5, VL10, VL15...VL1280 are eliminated.

As illustrated in FIGS. 8E and 9E, column VL4 is not displayed during the even frame cycle while stored column VL5 is displayed as pixel column PP4 of panel 16E.

During the odd frame cycle, stored column VL5 is not displayed while the column VL4 is displayed as pixel column PP4. In this way, stored columns VL4 and VL5 alternate as displayed column PP4 allowing the viewer to perceive the resulting image as a combination of both columns VL4 and VL5. This pattern is repeated for all groups of five pixel columns, thereby permitting the columns to be scaled down from 1280 to 1024 columns.

Because the entire computer image is displayed every two frame cycles, the resulting image is displayed flicker free and without causing any substantial stripping or tearing.

Considering now the set 52E of multiplexers, the set 52E generally includes a pair of multiplexer devices 80E and 82E for sending pairs of pixel data information to the liquid crystal display unit 16E. In this regard, the set 52E of multiplexer devices includes multiplexer device 80E coupled to the output of the logic circuits 60E and 62E, and a multiplexer device 82E coupled to the output of the logic circuits 61E, 63E and 64E. The output signals from drivers 63E and 64E are connected together at a common node N and are coupled to the multiplexer 82E.

Considering now the logic circuits 60E-64E in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5E, the logic circuits 60E-64E control scaling for the columns

indicated in Table 1E.

From Table 1E, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that column pixel image data

controlled by logic circuits 63E and 64E facilitates the scaling of stored pixel image data columns from 1280 to 1024 columns of displayed pixel image data.

In this regard, the scaling down of pixel image data from 1280 to 1024 requires a scaling down ratio of five to four. Thus, by eliminating one column of stored pixel data information per each group of five columns, the desired scaling will be achieved. Furthermore, by alternating adjacent columns to be eliminated, continuity between non-eliminated columns is maintained, thereby reducing any tearing effect a viewer might observe.

As best seen in FIG. 10E, in order to control column scaling, the output drivers of logic circuits 64E and 63E are enabled by a pair of logic signals, an ODD FRAME signal 220E and an EVEN FRAME signal 222E. Logic signals 220E and 222E are generated by a frame counter 45E

(FIG. 4E) and are indicative of an ODD frame time period and an EVEN frame time period, respectively. The frame counter for generating the ODD FRAME signal 220E and the EVEN FRAME signal 222E is conventional flip flops (not shown) and will not be described herein.

When the ODD FRAME signal 220E is a logical high, column driver 64E is disabled and column driver 63E is enabled. Similarly, when the EVEN FRAME signal 222E is a logical high, column driver 63E is disabled and column driver 64E is enabled. In this way, the fourth and fifth columns of each group of five stored pixel columns can be eliminated alternately, depending on whether an odd or even frame cycle is occurring.

Considering now the 640 x 480 output data logic unit 92E in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 5E and 11E, the output data logic unit 92E is similar to the scaling logic unit 91E and includes a row logic device 224E connected to a column logic device 226E by a line address bus. The row logic device 224E includes a group of logic circuits and multiplexers similar to those of row logic device 124E. The column logic device 226E includes a set of frame memory 23E devices and a set of multiplexers similar to those of column logic device 126E. However, unlike the row logic device 124E, the row logic device 224E does not perform a scaling function. In this regard, the row logic device 224E merely retrieves stored line information from the memory 23E and transmits the line information to the panel 16E unchanged. Similarly, column logic device 226E merely retrieves stored pixel information from the memory 23E and transmits the pixel information to the panel 16E unchanged.

From the foregoing, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that output data logic unit 92E facilitates the transfer of the image 14E, as it is stored in the memory 23E, from the memory 23E to the panel 16E, where the image 30E is displayed as a result.

Attached to this disclosure, and identified as

Appendix AE is a listing of the gate array logic utilized in an actual system of the present. invention which was built and tested, and which employed ALTERA'S Advanced Hardware Descriptive Language (AHDL). F. THE DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM ACCENTUATING MODE OF OPERATION

Referring now to FIGS. 1F-12F of the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1F thereof, there is shown a display control system 10F which is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The display control system 10F is illustrated connected to a computer system HF having a personal computer 16F and peripheral devices including a computer mouse 13F, a video monitor 15F, and a liquid crystal display panel 12F mounted on an overhead projector 2OF.

The display control system 10F generally includes a signal processor 25F and a charge couple device or camera 14F that can be mounted conveniently on the housing of the overhead projector 20F or some other convenient location. Although the signal processor 25F is

illustrated with a conventional overhead projector 20F, it should be understood that the signal processor 25F can be employed as the display control system 25A of FIG. 1A.

It should also be understood the liquid crystal panel 12F and the overhead projector 2OF can be an integrated arrangement, such as the integrated projector 10A of FIG. 1A.

As best seen in FIG. 1F, a video output port 17F in the personal computer 16F supplies via a video cable 23F primary video information signals indicative of a primary video image 50F to the video monitor 15F and the liquid crystal panel 12F simultaneously. The display control system 10F in accordance with the method of the present invention can, upon the command of a user, alter the primary video image 50F projected by the liquid crystal display projector 20F to include an auxiliary or

accentuating video image 52F (FIG. 9F) for accentuating desired portions of the primary video image displayed. More particularly, as more fully disclosed in U.S. patent application Serial No. 08/158,659, the signal processor 25F is responsive to the camera 14F, processes auxiliary light information generated by a hand held light wand or light generating device 24F to generate an auxiliary light video image 8OF which in turn, as more fully described herein, is converted to an image accentuating signal via the display control system 10F to cause the accentuating video image. It should be understood that the image sensor 14F may alternatively be located in other locations, such as on the LCD panel 12F or in an integrated projector as more fully described in U.S.

patent 5,321,450, incorporated herein by reference.

The signal processor 25F generally includes a microprocessor 30F that controls the display of auxiliary information. In this regard, the signal processor 25F display control system 10F has at least four different modes of operation for controlling the display of auxiliary information, including a DRAW mode, an ERASE mode, an ERASE ALL mode and a COLOR SELECT mode, each of which will be described hereinafter in greater detail.

The signal processor 25F also includes a 2:1 multiplex unit 40F for supplying the liquid crystal display panel 12F with RGB video data via a data cable 28F. In this regard, depending upon the commands

received, the RGB video data supplied to the panel 12F is either similar to the RGB video data generated by the personal computer 16F or is modified RGB video data that includes auxiliary video data for accentuating selected portions of the primary video image or for displaying menu information.

A pair of bit-map memory units, an overlay bit-map memory unit 42F and a frame buffer bit-map memory unit 44F, receive, store and retrieve auxiliary video

information data and primary video information data respectfully in accordance with the method of the present invention.

The memory units 42F and 44F each contain RGB video information that is mapped into a matrix array that corresponds to the video image to be displayed. More specifically, the liquid crystal display panel 12F has a matrix array of 1024 by 768 pixel element. The

individual ones of the pixel elements are coupled to the multiplex unit 40F and are energized on and off in accordance with the output signals generated by the multiplex unit 40F.

Although a 1024 by 768 pixel array is described, it will be understood that other arrays, such as a 640 by 480 array, may be employed.

In a NORMAL mode of operation with none of the different modes of operation being selected, no

information is stored in the overlay unit 42F.

Accordingly, a GATE control signal 45F from the overlay bit map memory unit 42F remains at a logic LOW level permitting the data retrieved from the bit map memory unit 44F to be transferred to the multiplex unit 40F via a frame buffer data cable 44AF.

In the DRAW mode of operation, information may or may not be stored in the overlay unit 42F. The absence of stored data in the overlay bit map memory unit 42F for any given memory address will cause the GATE control signal 45F to remain at a logic LOW level permitting the data retrieved from the frame buffer unit 44F to be transferred to the multiplexor unit 40F. Conversely, the presence of stored data at any given address in the overlay unit 42F will cause the GATE control signal 45F to be at a logic HIGH level. Thus, for each memory location in the overlay unit 42F with active information will be transferred to the multiplexor 40F via an overlay data cable 42AF in place of the video information stored in the corresponding memory location in the frame buffer bit map memory unit 44F. Alternately, when a memory location in the overlay memory unit 42F does not contain active information, the information in the corresponding memory location in the frame buffer bit-map memory unit 44F will be transferred to the multiplexor unit 40F.

As will be explained hereinafter in greater detail, the effect of the absence or presence of data in the overlay memory unit 42F will only be considered when the control system 10F is in the DRAW mode or a MENU mode of operation.

In order to enable the user 12AF to enter the DRAW mode, the display control system also includes a control panel pad 46F (Fig. 3F). The control panel 46F in the preferred embodiment is disposed on the liquid crystal display panel 12F. However, those skilled in the art will understand the control panel 46F can be located at other convenient locations, such as on a housing (not shown) for the display control system 10F.

Considering now the control panel 46F in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6F, the control panel 46F includes a set of control switches for helping to control the operation of the display control system 10F. In this regard, the control panel 46F includes a power on-off switch 48F for energizing the display control system 10F as well as the liquid crystal display panel 12F, and a menu select switch 49F that causes the liquid crystal display panel 12F to display a main menu window 60F

(FIG. 6F) on the primary projected image, such as an image 50AF. A menu control switch indicated generally at 70F includes a set of arrow keys or buttons including an up control key 71F, a down control key 72F, a right control key 74F and a left control key 73F. In this regard, when the user 12AF activates the menu switch 49F, a top portion of the image projected upon the viewing screen 21F will be overlaid with the main menu window 60F. In order to select a desired one of the menu selections, the user activates the control switches 71F-74F to move a menu selection bar or cursor 51F to a desired one of the menu items. The menu selection bar 51F, when moved, causes the currently selected menu item to be highlighted.

From the foregoing, those skilled in the art will understand the left and right control keys 73F and 74F respectively, cause the selection bar 51F to move across the main menu window 60F to a desired setting, while the up and down control keys 71F and 72F respectively cause the selection bar 51F to move up and down the main menu window 60F to a desired setting.

After the user 12AF has positioned the selection bar 51F to a desired setting, the user using either the light wand 24F, or the mouse 13F, or the control pad 46F, as will be explained hereinafter in greater detail, causes the selected menu item to be activated.

The main menu window 60F includes a plurality of different selections including a "Cyclops™" selection 61F which allows the user to set up and control the

interactive pointer or light wand 24F and the display control system. When the "Cyclops™" selection 61F is activated, the display control system automatically generates a set of control windows, a calibrate window 62F, a button window 63F, a click window 64F and a pop-up window 65F. The pop-up window 65F includes a "Cyclops™" menu selection 65AF and a draw selection 65BF. In this regard, when the user selects the draw selection 65BF, the main menu window 60F is replaced with a draw window 80F (FIG. 4F) and the display control system 10F

automatically enters the DRAW mode.

Considering now the draw window 80F in greater detail, the draw window 80F includes a set of tool windows including a draw tool selection window 81F, an erase tool selection window 82F, an erase all selection window 83F, and a color selection window 84F.

The draw tool selection 81F allows the user 12AF to use the light wand 24F to accentuate desired portions of the primary video image being displayed.

The erase tool selection 82F enables the display control system 10F to be placed in the ERASE mode

enabling the user 12AF to delete selected ones of the accentuating images previously entered into the overlay memory 42F.

The erase all selection 83F, enables the user to erase all of the accentuating images previously entered into the overlay memory 42F.

The color selection 84F causes a set of color selection windows 90F-97F (FIG. 5F) to be displayed below the draw window 8OF.

Considering now the operation of the display control system 10F in greater detail, in the first mode or DRAW mode of operation a user 12AF is enabled to accentuate any portion of a primary video image, such as a primary image 50BF (FIG. 7F), with an accentuating video image such as the accentuating image 52F (FIG. 9F). In this regard, in the DRAW mode, the user causes the hand held light wand 24F to be energized and directs the light generated therefrom to form a spot of auxiliary light 60F on a desired location on the primary image 50BF, such as a desired point A. The user 12AF then activates the draw mode feature by depressing an activate feature switch 27F on the light wand 24F. While the switch 27F is depressed and held down, the user 12AF moves the light wand 24F causing the spot of auxiliary light 60F to traverse a desired path of travel from, for example, point A to point B. As the spot of auxiliary light 6OF moves towards point B, the display control system 10F generates an image accentuation signal which is indicative of a representative path of travel which, in turn, causes an accentuating image corresponding to the representative path, such as the accentuating image 52F (FIG. 9F), to be displayed on the primary image 50BF. In this regard, the auxiliary image 52F replaces that portion of the primary image previously defined by a given group of pixel elements that now define the auxiliary image 52F.

When the user 12AF has completed the desired

accentuating, the feature switch 27F is deactivated causing the spot of auxiliary light 60F to be

extinguished. In this regard, the microprocessor 3OF determines that the auxiliary light 60F has been

extinguished at point B and, in turn, terminates the drawing of the underlying image.

From the foregoing, it should be understood by those skilled in the art, that the display control system 10F causes the primary image 50BF to be altered to include the representative path of travel followed by the spot of auxiliary control light as it traversed from point A to point B. Thus, while in the foregoing example, the path of travel was representative of a straight line, it should be understood that the path of travel can be any path, for example, the path can be a circle as defined by another accentuating image 57F (FIG. 12F). In this regard, the user 12AF can create an illusion that the light wand 24F was used to draw or write on the projected primary image, such as the image 50BF.

In the second mode or COLOR mode of operation, the user 12AF is able to select the color of the accentuating image, such as the color of accentuating image 52F. In this regard, as will be explained .hereinafter in greater detail, in the COLOR mode, the user 12AF can select one of N number of different colors for each accentuating image, where N is equal to at least eight different colors. To change the color selection for accentuating images, the user 12AF points the light wand 24F toward the projected window 8OF to cause a spot of auxiliary control light to be reflected in a desired one of the color selection window, such as in the color selection window 9OF. The user 12AF then activates the tool selection switch 27F which causes the color in the selected window, such as window 90F, to be selected.

In the third mode or ERASE mode of operation, the user 12AF is able to erase selectively any accentuating image presently displayed on the primary image . In this regard, in the ERASE mode, the user causes the hand held light wand 24F to be energized and directs a spot of auxiliary light 62F to any location on an accentuating image, such as point C on the accentuating image 53F. The user 12AF then activates the erase mode feature by depressing the activate selected tool switch 27F on the light wand 24F. When the switch is depressed, the user moves the light wand 24F causing the spot of auxiliary light 62F to be superimposed on the accentuating image

53F at point C (FIG. 10F). The user then deactivates the switch 27F to cause the accentuating image 53F to be deleted as illustrated in FIG. 11F. Alternately, in the ERASE mode, any part of an accentuating image may be deleted.

The user then repeats this procedure for each accentuating image to be removed. For example,

accentuating image 54F, 55F and 56F can also be deleted.

In the fourth mode or ERASE ALL mode of operation, the user 12AF is able to erase all of the accentuating images displayed on a primary image. Thus, for example, in the ERASE ALL mode, all of the accentuating images 52F-56F on the primary image 50BF as shown in FIG. 10F can be erased simultaneously to restore the displayed image to an unaccentuated image as shown in FIG. 7F. In this regard, in the ERASE ALL mode the user 12AF causes a tool bar 80F to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 12F by depressing a menu key or control button 49F on a control panel 46F forming part of the liquid crystal panel 12F. When the menu key 49F is depressed, a menu window 60F is superimposed in the upper portion of the projected primary image, such as the image 50AF, as illustrated in FIG. 6F. The menu will remain on the projected image 50AF until the user 12AF depresses the menu key 49F a second time. The display control system 10F will cause the then active menu setting to be automatically stored in the memory (not shown) of the microprocessor 30F so that the next time the menu key 49F is depressed, the last selected menu will be displayed again.

Once the user activates the menu switch 49F, the user selects a Cyclops™ menu feature by using the select or arrow keys 70F on the control panel 46F. The user depresses one or more of the arrow keys 71F-74F to cause a menu curser 51F to move across the Cyclops menu 61F to a DRAW feature 65BF. The user 12AF then directs either a spot of auxiliary control light from the light wand 24F to the DRAW window 65BF, such as a spot 94F (FIG. 6F) and depresses and releases the activate feature switch 27F on the light wand 24F to emulate a mouse CLICK causing the menu window 60F to be replaced with a draw bar window 80F (FIG. 4F).

The user 12AF then opens or activates the draw bar window 80F by directing another spot of auxiliary control light 95F (FIG. 4F) to an activate button image 86F and depresses and releases the switch 27F on the light wand 24F to emulate another mouse CLICK causing the draw bar window features to be made active.

The user then directs another spot of auxiliary control light 96F (FIG. 5F) to the ERASE ALL window feature 83F and depresses and releases the switch 27F to emulate another mouse CLICK causing all the accentuating images 52F-57F to be deleted from the projected image 50BF.

The user then selects another draw bar feature using the light wand 24F or exits the draw feature by

depressing the menu switch 49F. The last selected feature on the draw bar 80F will be stored when the menu is exited and will be highlighted by an accentuating image, such as an image 87F the next time the draw bar feature is selected.

To close the draw bar feature without exiting the draw bar windows, the user directs another spot of auxiliary control light 66F to a close bar 85F and depresses and releases the light wand switch 27F to emulate another mouse CLICK. Thus, for example, if after the user 12AF selects a color, and then clicks the close bar 85F, the color selected will be displaced in the color select window 84F and an accenting image, such as the image 89F, will be superimposed on the color window 84F. After the user 12AF has completed making a tool selection and a color selection, the user 12AF causes another spot of auxiliary control light to be directed to the close bar 85F in the upper left portion of the draw window 8OF. The user then activates the selection switch 27F which deletes the displaying of all windows. Thus, only a primary image, such as the primary image 50BF is displayed. The user 12AF may now utilize the light wand 24F to draw one or more accentuating images on the primary image.

While the above described features have been

described as being activated with the light wand 24F emulating a mouse, it should be understood by those skilled in the art, that the selections can also be made with the mouse 13F or the keyboard 19F. Considering now the operation of the display control system 20F in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2F, whenever the user 12AF depresses the menu control key 49F the display control system enters the MENU MODE 100F (FIG. 2AF) at a program entry instruction 102F, the program then advances to a decision instruction 104F to determine whether the user has selected the draw features on the pop-up menu window 64F.

If the user has not selected, the pop-up menu window 64F, the program returns to the program entry instruction 102F and proceeds as previously described.

At decision instruction 104F, if a determination is made that the user 12AF selected the pop-up window 65F, the program advances to a command instruction 106F which activates the display control system 10F to interact with auxiliary light information produced by the light wand 24F.

After activating the system 10F for interaction, the program proceeds to a draw mode instruction 108F that causes the draw mode window 80F to be displayed by the panel 12F. The program then advances to a decision instruction 110F to determine whether or not the user 12AF has activated the menu selection key 49F.

If the user 12AF has activated the menu selection key 49F, the program returns to the program entry

instruction 102F and proceeds as previously described.

If the user 12AF has not activated the menu

selection key 49F, the program advances to a decision instruction 112F to determine whether or not the user has activated the tool switch 27F. If switch 27F has not been activated, the program returns to the draw mode instruction 108F and proceeds as previously described.

If the user 12AF has activated the tool switch 27F, the program goes to a decision instruction 114F

(FIG. 2BF), to determine whether or not the user 12AF elected to close the draw mode window by selecting the close bar 85F.

If the user 12AF has selected the close bar 85F, the program returns to the main menu mode instruction 102F. If the user has not elected to close the draw mode, the program advances to a decision instruction 116F to determine whether or not the user has elected to open the draw mode features by selecting the open triangle 86F.

At decision instruction 116F, if the draw mode was selected, the program goes to a decision instruction 118F to determine whether or not the color select feature was selected. If the palette is not displayed, the program goes to command instruction 121F which causes the color palette windows 90F to 97F to be displayed. If the color palette was displayed, the program goes to a command instruction 120F which causes the color palette windows 90F to 97F to be deleted from the projected image.

From instructions 120F and 121F, the program

proceeds to a decision instruction 122F to determine whether or not the draw or pencil feature has been selected.

If the pencil feature has been selected at decision instruction 122F, the program goes to a command

instruction 124F to activate the draw feature commands. After command instruction 124F has been completed, the program proceeds to a decision instruction 126F.

If the pencil feature has not been selected at decision instruction 122F, the program advances to the decision instruction 126F to determine whether or not the erase feature has been selected.

If it is determined at instruction 126F that the erase feature was not selected, the program advances to a decision instruction 130F to determine whether or not the color selection feature has been selected. If at decision instruction 126F it is determined that the erase feature was selected, the program advances to a command instruction 128F which activates the erase selective feature. After instruction 128F is executed, the program goes to the decision instruction 130F

(FIG. 2CF).

At decision instruction 130F, if it is determined the color selection feature was selected, the program proceeds to a command instruction 132F which causes the color selection to be changed. The command 132F also causes the color palette windows to be deleted from the display image. The color window 84F will now display the last user selected color. The program then goes to a decision instruction 134F to determine whether a new page is required where all accentuating images are to be deleted.

If at instruction 130F it is determined that the color change selection was not made, the program proceeds to the instruction 134F. At instruction 134F if it is determined the erase all feature was selected, the program goes to command instruction 136F which causes all of the accentuating information in the overlay buffer memory unit 42F to be erased.

If the erase all feature was not selected at

instruction 134F, the program goes to a decision

instruction 138F to determine whether or not the light wand 24F is active. If the light wand 24F is active, the program goes to a command instruction 142F that causes an accentuating image to be drawn from the last detected auxiliary light x, y position to the new auxiliary light x, y position. The program then proceeds to a decision instruction 142F to determine whether or not the erase feature is active.

If at instruction 138F, it is determined the pencil feature is not active, the program goes to the decision instruction 142F to determine if the erase feature is active.

At decision instruction 142F, if it is determined the erase feature is active, the program advances to a command instruction 144F which clears all the overlay bit map memory locations for those pixel elements from the last accentuating image x, y coordinates values to the detected or mouse x, y coordinate values. The program then advances to instruction 108F and proceeds as previously described. Similarly, if it is determined the erase feature was not active, the program also proceeds to instruction 106F.

Although in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the DRAW mode features are described as operating interactively with the light wand 24F, it will be understood by those skilled that control codes entered via the mouse 13F or the control pad 46F can also be communicated to the display control system 10F via the RS232 serial port interface 18F to cause the same draw mode commands to be executed.

The flow charts described in FIGS. 2AF-2CF are high level flow charts. Appendix AF, attached hereto and incorporated herein, includes a complete source code listing for all of the draw mode commands described herein as well as the operation of the menu feature via the mouse 13F, the keyboard 19F and/or the light wand 24F.

While particular embodiments of the present

invention have been disclosed, it is to be understood that various different modifications are possible and are contemplated within the true spirit and scope of the appended claims. There is no intention, therefore, of limitations to the exact abstract or disclosure herein presented. APPENDIX AC

TITLE " LCD Vertical Counter Address Bit 0 & 1 "; % Hung Nguyen 05/21/93 %

SUBDESIGN Icdvcnt2

(

clk, /clr, up/dn, preview : INPUT;

cout, vertadbl, vcrtadb 0 : OUTPUT;

)

VARIABLE

cvcnfrm

control : MACHINE OF BITS (s0, vcrtadb1, vcrtadb0)

WITH STATES (

idle = B"000",

dwc2 = B"011",

dwc3 = B"010",

dwc4 = B"001",

upcl = B"100",

upc2 = "B101",

upc3 = "B110",

upc4 = B"111");

BEGIN

cvcnfrm.clk = /clr;

control.clk = GLOBAL (clk) ;

controLrcsct = !/dr;

cvcnfrm = Icvcnfnn ; % an even frame bit ON/OFF %

% active high bit %

CASE control IS

WHEN idle =>

IF up/dn THEN

control = upc1;

ELSE control = dwc2; % upcl for both count down and up %

END IF;

WHEN upc1 => cout = GND;

IF !up/dn THEN control = dwc2; % check count down mode % APPENDIX AC

ELSE control = upc2;

END IF;

WHEN upc2 => IF preview & Icvcnfnn THEN control = upc4; % preview mode and accessing odd frame %

ELSE control = upc3;

END IF;

WHEN upc3 => IF preview & cvcnfrm THEN control = upcl; % preview mode and accessing even frame %

coul = VCC;

ELSE control = upc4;

END IF;

WHEN upc4 => control = upc1;

cout = VCC;

WHEN dwc2=> control = dwc3;

cout = GND;

WHEN dwc3 => IF preview & !evenfnn THEN control = upc1; % preview mode and accessing odd frame %

ELSE control = dwc4;

END IF;

WHEN dwc4 => IF preview & cvcnfrm THEN control = dwc2; % preview mode and accessing even frame %

cout = VCC;

ELSE control = upcl;

END IF;

END CASE;

END;

APPENDIX AC

TITLE: "Vertical Counter Address"; % Hung Nguyen

01/18/94 %

SUBDESIGN vercnt

(

elk, Id, en, /clr, d[8..0],interlac INPUT; q[8..0] %, oddframe % OUTPUT;

)

VARIABLE

count [8..0] DFF;

oddframe DFF; %

BEGIN

count[].clk elk ;

count[].elm GLOBAL (/clr) ;

oddframe.clk = en ;

oddframe.clrn = GLOBAL (/clr);

oddframe = !oddframe ; %

1F Id THEN

count[ ] = d[ ] ;

ELS1F en & linterlac THEN

count[ ] = count[ ] + 1 ;

ELS1F en & interlac THEN

count[ ] = count[ ] + 2 ;

ELSE

count[ ] = count[ ]

END 1F ;

q[] = cout []

END; APPENDIX A E

% Memory address bits 8 & 9 of the Frame Buffer %

TITLE "LCD Vertical Counter Address Bit 0 & 1"; % Hung Nguyen 3/18/94 %

SUBDESIGN 1vcntb01

(

clk, /clr, preview, zoom, vgamode : INPUT;

cout, vertadb1, vcrtadb0 : OUTPUT;

)

VARIABLE

evenfrm : DFF;

control : MACHINE OF BITS (s1, s0, vcrtadb1, vertadb0)

WITH STATES (

idle = B"0000",

zom1 = B"0010",

zom2 = B"1000",

upc1 = B"0100",

upc2 = B"0101",

upc3 = B"0110",

upc4 =B"0111");

BEGIN

evenfrm.clk = /clr;

control.clk = clk;

controLrcset = 1/clr;

cvcnfrm = !evenfrm; % an even frame bit ON/OFF %

% active high bit %

CASE control IS

WHEN idle =>

control = upc1;

WHEN upcl => cout = GND;

IF zoom & preview THEN control = zoml; % Zoom mode for VGA and Video %

ELSIF zoom &' Ipreview THEN control = zom2; ELSIF vgamode THEN control = upc3; APPENDIX AE

ELSE control = upc2;

END IF;

WHEN upc2 => IF preview & levenfrm THEN control = upc4;

ELSE control = upc3; % preview mode and accessing odd frame %

END IF;

WHEN upc3 => IF preview & evenfrm # zoom # vgamode THEN

control = upcl; % zoom mode or %

cout = VCC;

% preview mode and accessing even frame %

ELSE control = upc4

END IF;

WHEN upc4 => control = upc1;

cout = VCC;

WHEN zoml => control = upc3;

cout = GND;

WHEN zom2=> control = zom1;

cout = GND;

END CASE;

END;

APPENDIX AE

TITLE " LCD Vertical Counter Address"; % Hung Nguyen 1/18/94 %

SUBDESIGN lcdvcnt2

(

elk, cn, /clr : INPUT;

q[7..0] : OUTPUT;

)

VARIABLE

count [7..0] : DFF;

BEGIN

counl[].clk = elk;

count[].clrn = /clr,

IF cn & (couniπ < H"FF") THEN count[] = counl[] + 1;

ELSE counlQ = count[];

END IF ;

q[] = countf] ;

END;

APPENDIX AE

TITLE " LCD Horizontal Counter Address"; % Hung Nguyen 05/20/93 %

SUBDESIGN zlcdhcnl

(

elk, /clr, up/dn : INPUT;

cout, q[7..0] : OUTPUT;

)

VARIABLE

count [7..0] : DFF;

BEGIN

count[].clk = clk ;

count[].clrn = /cIr,

IF up/dn THEN

count[] = count[] + 1 ;

IF count[] == H"FF" THEN cout = vcc;

END IF ;

ELSE

count[] = countπ - 1 ;

IF count[] = H"0" THEN cout = vcc;

END IF ;

q[] = count[] ;

END;

APPENDIX AF

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * /

/* Excerpt from background loop (nmcmon.c) */

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * / if( MousεPFlag )

{

if( (CycXPos + MouseXPos) > = 0 && (CycXPos + MouseXPos) < = 1023 )

{

CycXPos += MouseXPos;

}

if(((X1regs*)(XRegs->X1_REG))->ZOOM | |

((X1regs*)(XRcgs->X1_REG))-> PREVIEW)

{

if( (CycYPos + MouseYPos) > = 0 && (CycYPos + MouseYPos) < = 1023 )

{

CycYPos += MouseYPos;

}

else if( ((X1regs *)(XRegs- > X1_REG))- > VGA )

{

if( (CycYPos + MouseYPos) > = 0 && (CycYPos + MouseYPos) < = 1279 )

{

CycYPos += MouseYPos;

}

else

{

if((CycYPos + MouseYPos) > = 0 && (CycYPos + MouseYPos) < = 767)

{

CycYPos += MouseYPos;

}

DoPointerEvent( (short)CycXPos, (short)CycYPos, (short)MouseButton ); MousePFIag = FALSE;

}

if(MousePFIag)

{

if((CycXPos + MouseXPos) > = 0 && (CycXPos + MouseXPos) < = 1023)

{

CycXPos += MouseXPos;

}

if(((X1regs *){XRegs->X1_REG))-> ZOOM | |

((X1regs*)(XRegs->X1_REG))-> PREVIEW)

{

if((CycYPos + MouseYPos) > = 0 && (CycYPos + MouseYPos) < = 1023 ) { APPENDIX AF

CycYPos += MouseYPos;

}

else if( ((X1regs *)(XRegs-> X1_REG))-> VGA )

{

if( (CycYPos + MouseYPos) > = 0 && (CycYPos + MouseYPos) < = 1279 )

{

CycYPos += MouseYPos;

}

else

{

if( (CycYPos + MouseYPos) > = 0 && (CycYPos + MouseYPos) < = 767 )

{

CycYPos += MouseYPos;

}

} /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * /

/* Menu type definitions (nmmenu.h) */

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / typedef struct ITEM { struct ITEM *ncxtITEM; short X1;

short Y1;

short X2;

short Y2;

char *Text[5];

ICON *Icon;

int (*f unc)( void *, struct ITEM *, ushort );

int Attr; /* border, transparent, color, */

} ITEM; typedef struct MENU { struct MENU *nextMENU; /* link to other menus */

struct ITEM *item; /* link to menu item */ APPENDIX AF struct ITEM *Selectltem;

short X1

short Y1

short X2

short Y2.

char *Text[5]; /* menu

short Width[5]; /* menu width for each language */ int Attr; /* border, transparent, color, */

} MENU; typedef struct MENUGRP { struct MENU *FirstMenu; /* link to first menu */ struct MENU *ActiveMenu;

short XPos; /* last pointer X position */ short YPos; /* last pointer Y position */ short Xofs;

short Yofs;

short BoxX1;

short BoxY1;

short BoxH;

short BoxW;

uchar DrawFlag;

uchar EraseFlag;

uchar C_MeπuBkg;

uchar C MenuBorder;

uchar C MenuHilite;

uchar C_Text;

uchar C HiliteText;

} MENUGRP; typedef struct ARROW_KEY_EMULATION { uchar Cmd;

uchar Cmd2;

uchar Flags;

int Time;

} ARROW_KEY_EMULATION;

#define A RECT 0×00001 /* Outline the rectangle flag */ #define A_REDRAW 0×00002 /* Redraw the menu flag */ #define A_DELETE 0×00004 /* Delete the menu flag */ APPENDIX AF

#def ne A_NOHILT 0×00008 /* Non-hilightable item flag */

#define A_NOKEY 0x00010 /* non-selectable item flag */

#define A_BALANCE 0x00020 /• Balance menu id flag */

#define A_OPAQUE 0x00040 /* opaque menu flag */

#define A_BUTTON 0x00080 /* button type item flag */

#define A_SCROLL 0x00100 /* Scrolling items flag*/

#define A_SBAR 0x00200 /* Slide bar type menu flag */

#define A_CNTR_TEXT 0x00400 /* Center print Menu's title text flag */

#define A_RLKFUNC 0x00800 /* Right/Left arrow key function call enable flag */ #define A_OK_CANCEL 0x01000 /* OK/cancel type menu flag */

#define A_STATWIN 0x02000 /* status window type menu flag */

#define A_SMALLFONT 0x04000 /* use small fonts flag */

#define A_LANG 0x08000 /* Multiple language type menu/item flag */ #define A_OS_SBAR 0x10000 /* Onscreen indicator type menu */

#define A_TOOLBAR 0x20000 /* Toolbar type menu */

#define NULLI (ITEM *)0

#define SELECT_MASK 1

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

I* Toolbar menu and item declarations (nmmenu.def) */

ITEM i_tb15;

const ITEM li_tb15= { IT0.110,95.140,125.

'''','''','''','''','''',TBar10,doToolBar15 ,A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb14;

const ITEM Ii_tb14= \ &i_tb15,75,95,105,125,

'''' , '''' , '''', '''', '''' ,TBar9,doTooIBar14,A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb13;

const ITEM Ii_tb13= { &i_tb14.40,95,70,125,

'''','''','''','''',''''T,Bar6.doTooIBar13.A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb12;

const ITEM Ii_tb12= { &i_tb 13.5,95.35,125,

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar5.doToolBar12,A_RECT };

ITEM i tb1 1;

const ITEM Ii_tb11 = { &i_tb12.110,60.140,90.

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar4.doTooIBar11,A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb10;

const ITEM Ii_tb10= { &i_tb11,75,60.105.90,

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar3.doTooIBar10,A_RECT }; APPENDIX AF

ITEM i_tb9;

const ITEM Ii_tb9= { &i_tb10.40.60.70.90,

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar2,doTooIBar9,A_RECT };

ITEM i_th8;

const ITEM Ii_tb8= { &i_tb9,5,60,35,90,

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar1,doTooIBar8.A_RECT };

ITEM i tb7;

const ITEM Ii_tb7= { IT0,110,25,140,55,

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar2,doToolBar7,A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb6;

const ITEM Ii_tb6= { &i_tb7,75,25,105,55,

,TBarClear,doTooIBar6,A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb5;

const ITEM Ii_tb5= { &i_tb6.40.25.70.55.

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar8,doTooIBar5.A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb4;

const ITEM Ii_tb4= { &i_tb5,5,25,35,55,

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBar7.doToolBar4,A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb3;

const ITEM Ii_tb3= { &i_tb4.120,0,140.20,

'''', '''', '''', '''' '''',TBarExpand,doTooIBar3.A_RECT };

ITEM i_tb2;

const ITEM Ii_tb2= { &i_tb3.20,0,120.20.

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',ICO,doTooIBar2,A RECT };

ITEM i_ tb1;

const ITEM Ii_tb1 = { &i_tb2,0,0,20.20.

'''', '''', '''', '''', '''',TBarClose.doTooIBar1,A_RECT };

MENU Mtbar;

const MENU lMtbar={ ME0.&i_tb1,&i_tb1,10,10,155,140-70, '''', '''', '''', '''', '''',145.145,145,145,145,A TOOLBAR }; /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/* Pointer device processing (nmmenu.c) */

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / APPENDIX AF

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

DoPointerEvent() - Process local Cyclops and Mouse data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

void DoPointerEvent( short x, short y, short buttons )

{

int TestSMenu(void);

MENU *menu;

MENU *OldMenu;

ITEM *item; int ReturnCode; if( XRegs-> X2_REG[0] & OVERLAY_ENABLE )

return; /* Split if the overlay buffer is not enabled */

DeleteCursor(); if( x > 1023 )

x = 1023;

if( x < 0 )

x = 0; /* limit x */ if( y > (767) )

y = (767):

if( y < 0 )

y = 0; /* limit y */

MGrp.XPos = x;

MGrp.YPos = y;

DrawCursor(); if( TestSMenu() ) /* exit if extended status window active */ return; if( !(buttons & SELECT_MASK) ) /* Clear the draw flag if no button */

{

DrawFIag = FALSE;

}

if( MGrp.BoxW )

{

DeleteCursor();

OVL.PixOp = PIX_XOR; APPENDIX AF

OVLColor = 0VL_BLACK;

Rectangle( MGrp.BoxXI, MGrp.BoxYI, (MGrp.BoxXI +MGrp.BoxW),

(MGrp.BoxYI +MGrp.BoxH));

OVLColor = 0VL_WHITE;

Rectangle(MGrp.BoxX1+1,MGrp.BoxY1+1,(MGrp.BoxX1+MGrp.BoxW)-1,

(MGrp.BoxYI +MGrp.BoxH)-1);

DrawCursor();

OVLPixOp = PIX_NORMAL;

if( buttons & SELECT MASK)

{

MGrp.BoxXI = MGrp.XPos- MGrp.Xofs;

MGrp.BoxYI = MGrp.YPos + MGrp.Yofs;

if( MGrp.BoxXI < 0)

MGrp.BoxXI = 0;

if( MGrp.BoxY1 < 0 )

MGrp.BoxY1 = 0;

if(MGrp.BoxX1 > 1023-145)

MGrp.BoxX1 = 1023-145;

DeleteCursor();

OVLPixOp = PIX_XOR;

OVLColor = OVL BLACK;

Rectanglef MGrp.BoxXI, MGrp.BoxY1, (MGrp.BoxX1 +MGrp.BoxW),

(MGrp.BoxY1 +MGrp.BoxH));

OVLColor = OVL_WHITE;

RectangIe(MGrp.BoxX1+1,MGrp.BoxY1+1,(MGrp.BoxX1+MGrp.BoxW)-1,

(MGrp.BoxYI +MGrp.BoxH)-1);

DrawCursorO;

OVLPixOp = PIX_NORMAL;

}

else

{

EraseMenus( MGrp.FirstMenu );

MGrp.FirεtMeπu->X1 = MGrp.BoxX1;

MGrp.FirstMenu- >Y1 = MGrp.BoxY1;

MGrp.FirstMenu->X2 = (MGrp.BoxX1 + MGrp.BoxW);

MGrp.FirεtMenu->Y2 = (MGrp.BoxY1 + MGrp.BoxH);

DrawOneMenu( &Mtbar);

MGrp.BoxW = 0;

MGrp.BoxH = 0;

MGrp.BoxX1 = 0;

MGrp.BoxY1 = 0;

}

return;

}

if{ (MON_STATE & BM_MEN) | | (MON_STATE & BM_DRW) )

{ APPENDIX AF

CursorOnMenu = FALSE;

menu = MGrp.FirstMenu;

while( menu)

{

if ( x > = menu- > X1 && x < = menu- > X2 &&

y >=menu->Y1 &&y <=menu->Y2)

{

CursorOnMenu = TRUE;

if( menu != MGrp.ActiveMenu )

{

OldMenu = MGrp.ActiveMenu;

MGrp.ActiveMenu = menu;

MGrp.EraseFlag = TRUE;

DeleteCursor();

DrawOneMenu( OldMenu );

DeleteCursor();

DrawOneMenu( menu );

MGrp.EraseFlag = FALSE;

}

menu = menu->nextMENU;

}

if( CursorOnMenu )

{

menu = MGrp.ActiveMenu;

item = menu- > item;

while( item )

{

if(x > = menu->X1+item->X1 &&x <= menu->X1+item->X2 && y >=menu->Y1+item->Y1 &&y <= menu->Y1+item->Y2

{

/* here if Cyclops x/y position within ITEM rectangle */

AKEmuLCmd = 0; /* turn off arrow key emulation if on an item */ if( buttons & SELECT MASK )

{

/* here if button down - call item's function */ if( !{MON_STATE & BM_DRW) )

{

if( menu-> Selectltem == item && !(menu-> Attr & A SBAR) ) return;

menu- > Selectltem = item;

DrawActiveMenu( menu );

}

if( (MON_STATE & BM_DRW) && DrawFIag ) APPENDIX AF

{

return;

}

ReturnCode = (item-> func)( menu, item, 0 );

ProcessRC( menu, item, ReturnCode );

}

return; /* exit while loop */

}

item = item->nextITEM;

}

/* check the up and down arrow boxes */

if( AKEmul.Cmd && '(buttons & SELECT_MASK))

{

AKEmuI.Cmd = FALSE;

AKEmuI.FIags = 0;

AKEmuI.Time = 0;

}

else if( !AKEmul.Cmd && (buttons & SELECT_MASK)

&& !(MON_STATE & BM_DRW))

{

if( menu-> Attr & A_OK_CANCEL )

{

if(x > = menu->X1+5&&x < = menu->X2-5)

{

if( (y > = menu-> Y2-M_D0WN_Y-M_INFO_Y) &&

(y <= menu->Y2-M_INFO_Y-4))

{

AKEmuLCmd = VK DOWN;

}

if((y > = menu->Y1+M_TITLE_Y-5)&&(y <= menu->Y1+M_UP_Y))

{

if(x <=menu->X1+140)

{

AKEmuLCmd = FALSE;

AKEmuI.FIags = 0;

AKEmuI.Time = 0;

}

else if (x > = menu->X2-140)

{

AKEmul.Cmd = VK_RIGHT;

}

else

{

AKEmuI.Cmd = VK_UP;

}

} APPENDIX AF

}

else

{

if ( x > = menu- > X1 +5 && x < = menu- > X2-5 )

{

if((y >=menu->Y1+M_TITLE_Y+5)&&(y <= menu->Y1+M_UP_Y))

{

AKEmuI.Cmd - VK UP;

}

iff (y > = menu-> Y2-M_D0WN_Y) && (y < = menu-> Y2-5))

{

AKEmuI.Cmd = VK DOWN;

}

iff AKEmul.Cmd)

{

PutCmdQ( AKEmuLCmd };

AKEmuI.Time = GPTRf PULSE);

}

else

{

AKEmul.Cmd = 0;

}

if(MON_STATE&BM_DRW)

{

menu = MGrp.ActiveMenu; if(/* RS2320wner == MOUSE_PORT */ MON_STATE & BM_DRW )

{

iff buttons & SELECT_MASK )

{

DrawFIag = TRUE;

OVL.Color = DrawColor;

DeleteCursorf);

if((x < menu->Xl | | x > menu->X2 | | y < menu->Y1

| | y > menu->Y2))

{

FatLineTof x. y. f(OVL.CoIor)?0:1) );

}

DrawCursor();

}

else

{ APPENDIX AF

DrawFlag = FALSE;

MoveTof x,y);

}

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * */

/* Toolbar Menu item functions fnmmenu.c) */

doToolBar1() - Exit Draw Mode Icon.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - int doToolBar1( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

XRegs->X2_REG[0]&= -0xfc00;

XRegs->X2_REG[0] | = (CfgData.M.MENUCOLOR < < 10);

WRITE_X2REG(0);

M0N_STATE &= -BM_DRW;

if(!(MON_STATE&BM_MEN))

{

XRegs->X2_REG[0] | = OVERLAY_ENABLE;/* Low active OVL EN bit */ WRITE_X2REG(0);

}

if(!DrawColor)

{

DrawColor = SaveColor;

ItemHiliteOnf (MENU *)m, &i_tb4 );

ItemHiliteOfff (MENU *)m, &i_tb5 );

}

DeleteCursor();

ClrOvlRam();

DrawCursor();

MGrp.FirstMenu = MGrp.ActiveMenu = &menu_main;

InitMenuSettings();

DrawMenus();

if(WB_BOARD)

{

if(WB_BOARD & 0x80)

{

ffXlregs *)(XRegs->X1_REG))-> PREVIEW = 1;

WRITE X1REG(2); APPENDIX AF

}

WB_BOARD = FALSE;

if( MON_STATE & BM_VME )

{

LoadVideoParms();

}

else

{

LoadCfgParms();

}

WRITE_X2REG(0);

Set_FREEZE(1);

initTitlescreen();

}

return( DO_ NOTHlNG );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar2() - Move Bar. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

int doToolBar2( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

MENU *menu = (MENU *)m; if( !VKey )

{

MGrp.Xofs = MGrp.XPos - menu-> X1;

MGrp.Yofs = menu- > Y1 - MGrp.YPos;

MGrp.BoxX1 = menu-> X1;

MGrp.BoxY1 = menu- > Y1;

MGrp.BoxW = menu-> X2 - menu-> X1;

MGrp.BoxH = menu- > Y2 - menu- > Y1;

OVLPix0p = PIX_XOR;

OVLColor = OVL_BLACK;

Rectanglef MGrp.BoxX1, MGrp.BoxY1, (MGrp.BoxX1 +MGrp.BoxW),

(MGrp.BoxY1 +MGrp.BoxH) );

OVL.Color = OVL_WHITE;

Rectanglef MGrp.BoxX1 +1, MGrp.BoxY1 +1, (MGrp.BoxX1 +MGrp.BoxW)-1,

(MGrp.BoxY1 +MGrp.BoxH)-1 );

OVLPixOp = PIX_NORMAL;

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/ * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - APPENDIX AF doToo!Bar30 - Pallette Icon.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - int doTooIBar3( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

MENU *menu;

ITEM *Citem;

short y1,y2; menu = (MENU *)m; iff !VKey )

{

DeleteCursor();

if( i_tb7.nextITEM == (ITEM *)0 )

{

Citem = i_tb7.nextITEM = &i_tb8;

y1 = menu->Y2;

y2 = menu->Y2 +=75;

0VLColor = MGrp.C_MenuBkg;

FillRect( menu->X1+1, y1, menu-> X2-1, y2-1);

OVLColor = MGrp.C_MenuBorder;

MoveTo(menu->X1,y1);

LineTof menu- > X1, y2);

LineTof menu- > X2, y2 );

LineTof menu- > X2, y1);

while( Citem )

{

DrawOneltem( menu, Citem);

Citem = Citem- >nextITEM;

}

else

{

i_tb7.nextlTEM = (ITEM *)0;

menu->Y2-=75;

OVLColor = 0;

FillRect( menu- > X1 , menu- > Y2, menu- > X2, menu- > Y2+75 ); OVLColor = MGrp.C_MenuBorder;

MoveTo( menu- > X1 , menu- > Y2 );

LineTo(menu- > X2, menu- > Y2);

}

DrawCursor();

}

return(DO_NOTHING);

} APPENDIX AF/*- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doTooIBar4() - Pencil Icon.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar4( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

MENU *menu = (MENU *)m;

if( !VKey )

{

if( menu- > Selectltem != item )

{

DeleteCursor();

DrawColor = SaveCoIor;

ItemHiliteOnf (MENU *)m. &i_tb4 );

ItemHiliteOfff (MENU *)m. &i_tb5 );

menu- > Selectltem = item;

DrawCursor();

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doTooIBar50 - Eraser Icon.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar5( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

MENU *menu = (MENU *)m;

if( !VKey )

{

if( menu- > Selectltem != item )

{

DeleteCursor();

SaveCoIor = DrawColor;

DrawColor = 0;

ItemHiliteOff( (MENU *)m, &i_tb4 );

ItemHiliteOn( (MENU *)m, &i_tb5 );

menu- > Selectltem = item;

DrawCursor();

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

I* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - APPENDIX AF

doToolBar6() - New Page Icon. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/

int doToolBar6( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

OVL.Color = 0; if(((MENU*)m)->Y1 > 1)

FillRect( 0, 0, 1023, ((MENU *)m)-> Y1-1);

if(((MENU*)m)->X1 > 1)

FillRectf 0, ((MENU *)m)->Y1,((MENU *)m)->X1-1,((MENU *)m)->Y2); if( ((MENU *)m)->X2 < 1022)

FillRect( ((MENU *)m)->X2+1,((MENU *)m)->Y1, 1023, ((MENU *)m)->Y2); iff {(MENU *)m)->Y2 < 767)

FillRect( 0. ((MENU *)m)->Y2+1, 1023,768);

}

return(DO_NOTHING);

}

/*- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar7() - Current Color Icon. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/

int doToolBar7( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

MENU *menu;

ITEM *Citem;

short γ1,γ2; menu = (MENU *)m;

if( !VKey)

{

if( !i_tb7.nextlTEM )

{

DeleteCursor();

Citem = i_tb7.nextITEM = &i_tb8;

y1 = menu->Y2;

y2 = menu->Y2+=75;

0VL.Color = MGrp.CJVIenuBkg;

FiIIRect(menu->X1+1,y1,menu->X2-1,y2-1);

OVLColor = MGrp.C_MenuBordεr;

MoveTo(menu->X1,y1 );

LineTof menu- >X1,y2 );

LineTof menu- >X2,y2);

LineTof menu- >X2,y1); APPENDIX AF while( Citem )

{

DrawOneltem( menu, Citem );

Citem = Citem- > nextITEM;

}

DrawCursor();

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

void SetDrawColor(MENU *,uchar);

SetDrawColor()

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ void SetDrawColorf MENU *menu, uchar color )

{

if(DrawCoIor)

DrawColor = color;

else

SaveCoIor = color;

DrawOneltemf menu, &i_tb7 );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar80 - Pallette (white).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar8( void 'm, ITEM 'item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.Icon = TBarl;

SetDrawColorf (MENU ')m. OVL_WHITE );

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar9() - Pallette (red).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/ int doToolBarSf void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{ APPENDIX AF i_tb7.lcon = TBar2;

SetDrawColorf {MENU *)m, OVL_RED );

}

returnf DO_NOTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar10() - Pallette (green). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar10( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.lcon = TBar3;

SetDrawColor( (MENU *)m, OVL_GREEN );

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBarl 1() - Pallette (blue).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar11 ( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.Icon = TBar4;

SetDrawColor( (MENU *)m, OVL_BLUE );

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBarl 2() - Pallette (cyan). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar12( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.Icon = TBar5;

SetDrawColorf (MENU *)m. OVL_CYAN );

}

return( DO_NOTHING ); APPENDIX AF/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar13() - Pallette (magenta). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBar13( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.lcon = TBar6;

SetDrawColor( (MENU *)m. OVL_MAGENTA );

}

return( DO_N OTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar 1 4() - Pallette (yellow).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ int doToolBarl 4( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.lcon = TBar9;

SetDrawColor( (MENU *)m, OVL_YELLOW );

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/*- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doToolBar15() - Pallette (black).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/ int doToolBarl 5( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey }

{

if( !VKey )

{

i_tb7.lcon = TBar10;

SetDrawColor( (MENU *)m. OVL_BLACK );

}

return( DO_NOTHING );

}

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - doDraw() - Set Toolbar to Draw.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/ APPENDIX AF

int doDraw( void *m, ITEM *item, ushort VKey )

{

int x, y;

ushort color; if( !(VKey == VK_SET) )

{

x = MGrp.XPos;

y = MGrp.YPos;

MON_STATE | = BM_DRW;

EraseMenus( MGrp.FirstMenu );

MGrp.FirstMenu = MGrp.ActiveMenu = &Mtbar;

SaveCoIor = DrawColor;

ItemHiliteOn( &Mtbar, &i_tb4 );

Mtbar.SelectItem = &i_tb4;

DrawOneMenuf &Mtbar );

MoveTo( x, y );

if( (CfgData.M.LBMODE == WHITEBOARD) | | (CfgData.M.LBMODE == BLACKBOARD) )

{

color = 0;

if( CfgData.M.LBMODE == WHITEBOARD )

color = 0x7fff;

Set_FREEZE(0);

iff f(X1 regs *){XRegs- > X1_REG))- > PREVIEW )

{

ffXlregs *)(XRegs-> X1_REG))-> PREVIEW = 0;

WRITE_X1REG{2);

WB_BOARD = 0x81;

}

else

{

WB_BOARD = 1;

}

FBfill(color);

}

XRegs-> X2 REG|0] | = 0xfc00;

WRITE_X2REG(0);

}

returnf DO_NOTHING );

}

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/* Toolbar icon definitions (nmicons.c) */

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / const ICON TBarCIose[] = {

14, 14, APPENDIX AF

4, 3,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBarExpand[] = {

15, 14,

4, 3,

0x00.0x00.0x00.0xOf,0x00.0x00.0x00.0x00,

0x00.0x00.0x00.0xff,0x0f,0x00.0x00.0x00,

0x00,0x00,0x0f,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,

0x00,0x00.0x0f,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00.0x00,

0x00.0x00.0xff,0xff,0xff,0x0f,0x00.0x00,

0x00.0xOf,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00.0x00,

0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf0.0x00.

0x00.0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x0f,0x00,

0x0f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x0f }; const ICON TBar1[] = {

30, 30,

0. 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f.

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, APPENDIX AF

0xfl.0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0xlf

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xfl.0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xfl.0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f

0xfl.0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 f,

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBar2[] = {

30, 30,

0, 0.

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x39,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x39,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x39,0x99,0x9f

0xf9.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x89,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f,

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x39,0x33,0x93,0x99,0x93,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x9f,

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x99,0x99,0x33,0x9f

0xf9.0x99.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99.0x9f,

0xf9.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9s,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f,

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x33,0x93,0x99,0x93,0x99,0x93,0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x33,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x39,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f

0xf9.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99.0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x93,0x33,0x99,0x33,0x99,0x93,0x39,0x99,0x39,0x99,0x99,0x33,0x3f

0xf9,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f

0xf3,0x93,0x90,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x93,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x93,0x99,0x9f

0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x33,0x99,0x99,0x9f APPENDIX AF

0xf9,ox99,ox9g,0x99,ox99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f, 0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,ox9f, 0xf9,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f, 0xf9,0x99.0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f, Oxf9,ox99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f, 0xf9,0x99.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f,

0xf9.0x9g,0x99,0χgg,0χg9,0x99.0χg9,0x99,0x99,0χgg,0x99,0x99,0χgg,0χgg.0x9f, 0xf9,0x99.0x99.0x99.0x99.0x99.0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99.0x99,0x99.0x99,0x9f, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; conεt ICON TBar3[] = {

30, 30.

0. 0.

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xfa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaf,

0xfa.0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaf,

0xfa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaf,

0xfa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,Qxaa,0xaf,

0xfa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaf,

0xfa.0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaf,

0xfa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaf,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBar4H = {

30, 30, APPENDIX AF

0, 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf, 0xfb.0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb.0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb.0xbb,0xfab.0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf, 0xfb.0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf

0xfb.0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xhb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf, 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf, 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf,

0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf 0xfb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf, 0xfb.0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbf

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBar5[] = {

30.30.

0, 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf7,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f,

0xf7,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x7f,

0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x7f,

0xf7,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x7f,

0xf7,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f,

0xf7.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x7f,

0xf7,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x7f,

0xf7,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x7f,

0xf7,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f, APPENDIX AF

0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x7f, 0xf7.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x7f, 0xf7,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x7f, 0xf7,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x7f, 0xf7,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f, 0xf7.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x7f, 0xf7,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f, 0xf7.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77,0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x7f, 0xf7.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f, 0xf7,0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f, 0xf7,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77.0x77.0x7f, 0xf7,0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77.0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x7f,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBarC[] = {

30, 30,

0, 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf8,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x80,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x80,0x88,0x88,0x80,0x08,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x0f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x80,0x08,0x88,0x08.0x8f, 0xf8.0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88.0x88.0x88.0x88,0x88.0x88.0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x80,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88.0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88, 0x08, 0x88,0x88, 0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88, 0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x80,0x80,0x88,0x88, 0x08, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x8f, 0xf8,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x8f, 0xf8,0x88, 0x08, 0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88, 0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88, 0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0x18,0x88, 0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88, 0x88,0x88, 0x8f, APPENDIX AF

0xf8,0x80,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x80,0x88,0x88,0x38,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x38,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x83,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x00,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x08,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x33,0x88,0x08,0x80,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88.0x88,0x88,0x88,0x8f, 0xf8,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x00,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x38,0x38,0x0f,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBar7[] = {

30, 30,

0. 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf1,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xff.0xff,0xff,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x1 l.0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f.0xcf.0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0xfc,0xcc,0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xf1,0xff.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xff,0xfc0xcf,0xcc.0xcc0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc.0xfc,0xcc,0xcf»0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11..xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc0xcf,0xcc,0xcc,0xff.0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc,0xcc,0xcf,0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc.0xfc.0xcc,0xcf,0xf1,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xcc,0xcc,0xf1,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc,0xfc,0xcc,0xc1,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xcc.0xcl,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc,0xfc,0xc1,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xee,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; APPENDIX AF

const ICON TBar8[] = {

30, 30,

0, 0.

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, 0xf1,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xf9.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0xff,0x99.0x9f,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11.0x1f,

0xf1,0x1f,0xf9.0x99,0x99,0xff,0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11 ,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0xff,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x9f,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, 0xf1,0xf9,0x99,0x99.0x99.0xf1,0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0xff,0x99.0x99,0x9f,0x11,0xff,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, 0xf1,0x1f,0xf9,0x99,0xf1,0x1f,0x11,0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xfl.0x11,0xff,0x9f,0x11,0xf1,0x1f,0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xf1,0x1f,0x11,0xfc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xf1,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x1f.0xf1,0xfc.0xcf.0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xfl.0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc,0xfc,0xcc,0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc,0xcc,0xcf,0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc0xcf,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf.0xcc.0xcc.0xff,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0xff,0xcc.0xcc.0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xf1,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc,0xcc,0xcf,0xcc,0xcc,0xff,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc,0xfc,0xcc,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc.0xcc.0xcf,0xd.0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xcc,0xcc,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xfc,0xc1,0x1f,0x1 l.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xfl.0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; conεt ICON TBar9[] = {

30, 30,

0. 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf, APPENDIX AF

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf, 0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,,0xcf, 0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf, 0xfc0xcc,0xcc0xcc0xcc0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,Qxcc,0xcc,0xcc0xcc0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf,

0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf, 0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf, 0xfc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcf, 0xff,0xf,.0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const lCON TBar10[] = {

30, 30,

0, 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff APPENDIX AF

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON TBarClear[] = {

30, 30,

0, 0,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xff.0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f.0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11 ,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f.0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f, 0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0xf1,0x11.0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f.0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1.0x11,0x1f,0xl 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1 f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x1f.0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f .

0xf1,0x11,0x1 l.0xf1,0x1 l.0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0xf1,0x11.0x1f,

0xfl.0xl 1,0x11,0x1 f,0xl l.0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf 1,0x11.0x1f,

0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11, 0xf l.0xf 1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1 l.0xf 1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f.

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf1,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, 0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff }; const ICON Cursor2[] = {

18, 18,

0, 0,

0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,

0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x0f,0x00,0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0xf0,0x00,0x0f,0xf1,0x1f,0x00,0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0x1f,0x00,0xff,0x1f,0xf1,0xf 0,0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0xf1,0xff,0xf1,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0xff,0x1f,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xf1,0xf0.0x00.

0xf1,0xff,0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0x00.

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0xf0,

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf1,0xff,0x00,

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0xf0,0x00,

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf!,0xff,0x00.0x00.

0xfl.0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0xf0.0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf!,0xf0,0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0x00,0x00,

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf1,0xf0,0x00.

0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0x00,

0xf1,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x0f,

0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff };

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of projecting an image onto a remote viewing surface including using an image forming device for forming the image to be projected, coupling

electrically the device to a display control system for modulating light as it passes through the device to facilitate the formation of the image for projection purposes, and positioning a projection lens in an optical path extending from the device to the remote viewing surface, characterized by:

positioning the image forming device generally horizontally in a low profile housing, positioning an optical system in said low profile housing substantially below said image forming device for directing light through said device and into the projection lens, and positioning a source of light at a rear portion of said housing for illuminating said optical system with high intensity light and thence, the image forming device as the optical system directs high intensity light through the device and into the projection lens.

2. A method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the step of positioning the optical system includes:

positioning a first faceted mirror at a

predetermined angle to produce beam segments reflecting therefrom for spreading them by a predetermined amount in a desired dimension;

positioning a second faceted mirror at a predetermined angle relative to the first mirror to reflect said beam segments therefrom and to in turn produce beam segments reflecting therefrom for spreading them by a predetermined amount in another desired

dimension;

positioning the mirrors at a predetermined distance of a sufficient length to permit the beam segments reflecting from the first mirror to diverge and intersect to fill in dark areas therebetween before impinging on the second mirror.

3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the step of positioning the device includes:

positioning said image forming device at a predetermined angle relative to the second mirror and at a predetermined distance therefrom of a sufficient length to permit the beam segments reflecting from the second mirror to diverge and intersect to fill in dark areas before impinging on the image forming device;

whereby the light is uniformly dispersed over the light impinging surface of the image forming device to reduce distortion and efficiently and effectively form an image to be projected.

4. A method according to claim 1 further

characterized by generating a generally collimated light from said source of light for image projection purposes.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the generating of the generally collimated light includes an optical device for causing the generally collimated light to be directed therefrom at an angle of spreading equal to the arc tangent of the size of the light source divided by the effective focal length of the device to cause the generally collimated light to overlap within a predetermined distance.

6. A projection illumination arrangement for projecting an image onto a remote viewing surface

includes a low profile housing, an image forming device disposed in said housing for forming the image to be projected, a device for positioning a projection lens arrangement in an optical path extending from the device to the remote viewing surface characterized by:

a device for positioning the image forming device generally horizontally in a low profile housing, a device for positioning an optical system in said low profile housing substantially below said image forming device for directing light through said image forming device and into the projection lens, a device for positioning a source of light at a rear portion of said housing for illuminating said optical system with high intensity light and thence, the image forming device as the optical system directs high intensity light through the image forming device and into the projection lens, and a display control system coupled electrically to the image forming device for modulating light as it passes through the image forming device to facilitate the formation of the image for projection purposes.

7. A projection illumination arrangement,

including a device for generating generally collimated high intensity light directed along a light path, a first faceted mirror and a second faceted mirror, a first device for mounting the first faceted mirror at a

predetermined angle to produce beam segments reflecting therefrom for spreading them by a predetermined amount in a desired dimension, a second device for positioning the second faceted mirror at a predetermined angle relative to the first mirror to reflect said beam segments

therefrom and to in turn produce beam segments reflecting therefrom for spreading them y a predetermined amount in another desired dimension, said first device and said second device causing the mirrors to be positioned at a predetermined distance of a sufficient length to permit the beam segments reflecting from the first mirror to diverge and intersect to fill in dark areas therebetween before impinging on the second mirror, and a device for positioning an image forming a device at a predetermined angle relative to the second mirror and at a

predetermined distance therefrom of a sufficient length to permit the beam segments reflecting from the second mirror to diverge and intersect to fill in dark areas before impinging on the image forming device, whereby the light is uniformly dispersed over the light impinging surface of the image forming device to reduce distortion and efficiently and effectively form an image to be projected.

8. A projector according to claim 7, characterized in that the device for generating generally collimated light includes a light source, a device for causing the light from the light source to be collimated generally, and a device for causing the generally collimated light to be directed therefrom where the light includes an angle of spreading thereof equal to the arc tangent of the size of the light source divided by the effective focal length of the device caused by the generally collimated light.

9. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6, is characterized in that said projection lens arrangement includes a plurality of lens groups arranged in a Tessar configuration having a vertex length D and a field angle coverage of up to about θ degrees

characterized by said plurality of lens groups including a first lens group from the object end comprising an optical doublet consisting of an optical element having a piano surface to the image end and a concave surface to the object end and a optical element having at least one aspheric surface complementarily shaped to said concave surface, and a second lens group comprising a optical biconcave element.

10. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 9, wherein said projection lens arrangement is further characterized by a third lens group comprising an optical element having at least one aspheric surface having substantially the same curvature as the first mentioned aspheric surface.

11. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the field angle

coverage of up to about θ degrees is up to about 22.1 degrees.

12. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the vertex length D is about 46.22 millimeters.

13. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said display control system includes a compression circuit for compressing an image to be displayed during alternating odd frame time intervals and even frame time intervals, said image being defined by a two dimensional matrix array of pixels arranged in columns and rows.

14. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 13 is characterized in that said compression circuit includes an odd frame time circuit eliminates selected ones of the pixels forming the image to be displayed in at least one dimension of the matrix array during the odd frame time intervals, an even frame time circuit eliminates selected other ones of the pixels forming the image to be displayed in said at least one dimension of the matrix array during the even frame time intervals, and a multiplexing circuit coupled to the odd frame time circuit and the even frame time circuit produces an output signal to cause a displayed during the odd frame time intervals of all the pixel eliminated during the even frame time intervals and to cause a display during the even frame time intervals of all the pixels eliminated during the odd frame time intervals so the eliminated pixels are averaged together to compress the image to be displayed in at least one dimension of the matrix array.

15. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said odd frame time circuit includes an odd frame time column gating circuit for eliminating at least one column of pixels out of all the columns of pixels in the image to be displayed during the odd frame time intervals, and the even frame time circuit includes an even frame time column gating circuit for eliminating at least one column of pixels out of all the columns of pixels in the image to be displayed during the even frame time intervals.

16. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said odd frame time circuit further includes an odd frame time row gating circuit for eliminating at least one row of pixels out of all the rows of pixels in the image to be displayed during the odd frame time interval, and the even frame time circuit further includes an even frame time row gating circuit for eliminating at least one row of pixels out of all the rows of pixels in the image to be

displayed during the even frame time interval.

17. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that the columns of pixels eliminated during the odd and even frame time intervals are adjacent columns in the matrix array.

18. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that the rows of pixels eliminated during the odd and even frame time intervals are adjacent rows in the matrix array.

19. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said odd frame time circuit includes another odd frame time gating circuit for eliminating pixels in another dimension of the matrix array during the odd frame time intervals, and the even frame time circuit includes another odd frame time gating circuit for eliminating pixels in said another dimension of the matrix array during the even frame time intervals.

20. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said display control system includes a panning circuit having an input circuit for receiving a video signal indicative of a large image.

21. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 20 is characterized in that said panning circuit includes a small image circuit responsive to the input circuit produces a digital signal indicative of a small image, and a control circuit coupled to said small image circuit and to said video signal causes said small image to correspond to a desired portion only of said large image.

22. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 21, is characterized in that said digital signal indicative of said small image is further indicative of an m by n image portion of an M by N workstation image, where m and n are substantially smaller than M and N respectively, said small image circuit including a gating arrangement coupled to the output of the input circuit for inhibiting the display of an X portion of said workstation image and for inhibiting the display of a Y portion of said workstation image, and a panning control circuit coupled to said gating arrangement generates control signals to cause a user selected portion of said M by N workstation image to be displayed, said user selected portion corresponding to said m by n portion.

23. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 22, is characterized in that said panning control circuit includes a pixel control circuit coupled to said gating arrangement generates a column control signal to cause a user selected X portion of said M by N image to be displayed and a line control circuit coupled to said gating arrangement causes a user selected Y portion of said M by N image to be displayed.

24. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said display control system includes a zooming circuit for use with at least one source of a video image of a certain resolution size.

25. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 24 is characterized in that said zooming circuit includes a storage arrangement for temporarily storing signals indicative of the image to be projected, and an image size adjustment circuit that retrieves the stored image signals to facilitate the projection of image signals in the form of an enlarged image to a remote location and adjusts continuously the projection signals to cause them to be indicative of an adjusted resolution size image as they are being projected to a remote location.

26. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 25, is characterized in that said adjustment circuit includes an expansion circuit for expanding the rows or columns of the image to the desired adjusted size image continuously for zooming purposes.

27. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 25, is characterized in that said adjustment circuit includes a compression circuit for compressing the rows or columns of the image to the desired adjusted size image continuously as it is being projected.

28. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that said display control system includes an accentuating circuit having a bit map memory for storing and retrieving primary video

information indicative of a primary video image and for storing and retrieving accentuating image information indicative of an accentuating image to be displayed in place of the user selected portion of the primary video image facilitates displaying the accentuating image on said primary video image, said retrieving of the accentuating image information being retrieved in

synchronization with the primary video information corresponding to the user selected portion of primary video image to facilitate the accentuating image

replacing the selected portion of said primary video image.

29. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 28, is characterized in that said accentuating circuit in response to a detected spot of light directed by a user onto a selected portion of a projected primary video image displayed on a remote viewing surface

generates the accentuating image information and a control circuit responsive to said bit map memory and to said accentuating circuit supplies to a projection display unit the retrieved accentuating image information indicative of an accentuating video image and supplies to the projection display unit in the absence of retrieved accentuating image information indicative of said

accentuating video image, the retrieved primary video information indicative of the unselected portions of the primary video image so that the projection display unit generates and projects the primary video image onto the remote viewing surface with user selected portions thereof being replaced with accentuating images to help facilitate audience presentations.

30. A projection illumination arrangement for use with a computer system having a central processor for generating primary video information, an auxiliary light device for generating auxiliary light information, a control device for entering control information to effect the display of desired video information, a projection display unit for generating and projecting a primary video image onto a remote viewing surface, a bit map memory responsive to the primary video information stores and retrieves it to facilitate displaying the primary video image onto said remote viewing surface and an information control circuit responsive to the control information generates display command signals to control the display of the desired video information is

characterized by an accentuating circuit responsive to said auxiliary light information and to said display command signals stores the auxiliary light information and retrieving it in synchronization with the retrieval of the primary video information stored in said bit map memory to facilitate displaying an auxiliary video image onto said remote viewing surface, and a display control circuit responsive to said bit map memory and to said accentuating circuit supplies to the projection display unit retrieved auxiliary light information indicative of an accentuating video image and supplies to the

projection display unit in the absence of retrieved auxiliary light information indicative of said

accentuating video image, retrieved primary video information indicative of the primary video image, the projection display unit generates and projects the primary video image onto the remote viewing surface with user selected portions thereof being replaced with accentuating images to help facilitate audience

presentations.

31. A projection illumination arrangement according to claim 30, further characterized by a color selection circuit responsive to certain ones of said display command signals stores color selection information indicative of the color appearance of the accentuating images, to enable the accentuating images to be displayed in one of N number of different colors.