Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
  • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
  • H05B47/21—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel
  • H05B47/22—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel with communication between the lamps and a central unit

Definitions

• Microprocessor device for controlling and managing lighting elements, and method using such a device
• the invention relates to a microprocessor device for controlling and managing a lighting element, in particular lamps, a system for controlling and managing a set of lighting elements provided with such a device , a remote monitoring device comprising such a microprocessor device, a method for controlling and managing a lighting element, and a method for monitoring an electrical circuit comprising several lighting elements.
• a lighting circuit usually includes a set of lamps connected in parallel to a supply line.
• the power line is
• An urban lighting system includes a certain number of such circuits, each circuit grouping together lamps (typically a few tens)
• this device still has several drawbacks. In particular, it remains necessary to organize rounds which, most often, give negative results, these rounds having to be practically daily if it is desired that the defective lamps be replaced immediately.
• the operation of this device is relatively expensive because each candelabra must be equipped with its own monitoring device.
• this monitoring device operates by detecting variations in the intensity of the current passing through the lamp when it is supplied.
• the mains voltage has significant fluctuations due to the fact that it is used to supply not only public lighting but also professional or residential premises or even industrial installations whose consumption can vary significantly. These voltage fluctuations cause variations in intensity in the lamp which the monitoring device can erroneously interpret as a fault in the lighting circuit.
• it is nevertheless necessary to be able to adapt old installations to modern technologies without having to carry out heavy upgrading and modernization work so as not to increase the installation and management costs of the lighting network.
• the proposals presented to date are certainly based on carrier currents, on the use of microprocessors to make the system intelligent, on the overall management of the lamps of a lighting network, but do not make it possible to locate safe the defective lamp, determine the type of failure, or manage each of the lamps separately and do not guarantee overall system reliability.
• the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing to integrate all of the remote control functions of a lamp of a lighting network in a multifunctional circuit mounted either on the pole of each lamp or on the central unit managing the entire lighting network.
• the characteristics of the carrier currents were used and the same means of communication was used as that used to power the lamps themselves, the whole being managed either centrally or peripherally by microprocessor circuits.
• the subject of the invention is a microprocessor-based device for controlling and managing a lighting element, comprising a transmission system by carrier currents connected to the lighting element, characterized in that the transmission system comprises a transmitter module provided with a comparison circuit intended to measure the phase shift angle between the voltage across the terminals of the lighting element and the current flowing in the lighting element, this phase shift angle being transmitted to the outside by the transmission system by carrier currents.
• the subject of the invention is a system for controlling and managing lighting elements comprising at least one set of lighting elements connected in parallel to a supply line, characterized in that each lighting element is associated respectively with a microprocessor device as described above, each transmission system of each microprocessor device being connected by the supply line to a common local processing unit.
• the subject of the invention is a device for remote monitoring of an electrical circuit, in particular a lighting circuit, this circuit comprising at least one set of lighting elements, connected in parallel to a line. supply supplied by a connection unit applying a supply voltage to the supply line, this remote monitoring device comprising a monitoring circuit comprising:
• - processing means which are connected downstream to the means for measuring the supply voltage on the one hand and to the means for measuring the intensity of the current flowing in the supply on the other hand, and which are intended to - calculate , over a predetermined period, the average value of the measured supply voltage and the average value of the measured current, and - detecting faults in the electrical circuit according to the result of the analysis,
• the subject of the invention is a method of controlling and managing a lighting element, in which the following operating phases are carried out: a) the voltage across the terminals of the lighting element is measured , b) the current passing through the lighting element is measured, and c) a resultant information is transmitted to the outside by carrier currents, characterized in that between phases b and c a measurement is made of the phase shift angle between the measured voltage and the measured current, the resulting information transmitted by carrier currents comprising the measured voltage, the measured current and the measured phase shift angle.
• the invention also relates to a method for monitoring an electrical circuit, in particular a lighting circuit, comprising at least one set of lighting elements, in particular lamps, connected in parallel to a line of power supply, supplied by a connection unit applying a supply voltage, process in which
• FIG. l shows a block diagram of a microprocessor device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a control and management system according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows the different possibilities of status report in a control and management system according to the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a general diagram of a monitoring device according to the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a lighting circuit included in the device of Figure 4.
• FIG. 6 represents a member illustrating a method according to the invention
• FIG. 7 represents a flowchart detailing a step in the process illustrated in FIG. 6.
• the invention therefore relates to a microprocessor device 1 intended to be mounted in the candelabrum of a lighting element, in particular a lamp and its peripheral circuits.
• the microprocessor device 1 consists of a transmission system by carrier currents comprising connected in series:
• connection between these three elements is via a transmission line by carrier currents 8a, 7a, 9a.
• the transmitter module E comprises a microprocessor 3 intended to manage the information taken by the transmitter module E.
• This microprocessor 3 is provided with a memory 4 in particular of non-volatile EEROM type which stores the parameters or the code of the transmitter. It is in this memory that the identification number of the transmitter is stored with a code ranging in particular from l to 128, and the operating parameters of the transmitter (the different time delays, the threshold values of phase angle, number of lamps, etc.). By code, it is possible to identify the transmitter and therefore the associated lighting element; thanks to the various modifiable parameters, it is possible to adapt the transmitter to the different types of lamps and to the conditions of application of the transmitter itself.
• the transmitter E comprises a first comparator circuit 5 intended to read what is called the voltage 0. With this circuit, it is possible to read the passage through the value 0 of the voltage across the lighting element. This consists of a comparator with logic gates which compares the value of the voltage - zero of the latter and further checks that the value of this voltage does not fall below a defined minimum value.
• This second comparator circuit 6 consists of a comparator with logic gates which compares the value of the current with the zero value.
• the first and second comparator circuits 5 and 6 constitute a comparison circuit intended to measure the phase shift angle between the voltage across the terminals of the lighting element and the current flowing in the lighting element. This measured phase shift angle is then transmitted to the outside by the transmission system by carrier currents.
• the two comparator circuits 5 and 6 are connected to the microprocessor 3 which analyzes the measured values.
• an electronic switch which consists of a transistor controlled by the current and which is used for ON / OFF control of the lamp to which the microprocessor device 1 is connected by connection 7a.
• a network coupling circuit 9 consisting of a circuit composed of transistors and a coil.
• the network coupling circuit 9 is connected to a reception circuit 11 downstream of which a sound decoding circuit 12 is connected to intercept, by a PPL circuit, the signal of a given frequency in the scheduled period.
• the signal decoded by the decoder 12 is then sent, on line 10a to a microprocessor 13 placed in the receiver R and also connected to the lamp to be checked. Similarly, the supply to the network is provided by line 9a which supplies the supply circuit of the receiver R represented by the block 15. This supply circuit 15 is therefore connected to the microprocessor 13.
• the local microprocessor 13, coupled to the line 10a is connected to a communication interface 14 which allows connection to a system central data transmission station connected by line 16.
• a rephasing capacitor 20 is provided, a conventional reactor 17 and an ignition circuit for fluorescent lamps (see at 18).
• the lighting element is in fact made up not only of the lamp 19 but also of the peripheral components 20, 17 or 18.
• the lamps used can be mercury vapor or sodium vapor.
• the difference between the two types of lamps is that for sodium vapor lamps, there is no ignition circuit (18).
• the microprocessor device 1 uses the carrier current technique, that is to say that it uses a transmission system on which a signal is transmitted in frequency by a transmitter E on a normal power line and is received by a receiver R after prior coupling to the network and interception of the defined operating frequency.
• the receiver R intercepts this signal by coupling to the network and interprets it by decoding it.
• the microprocessor device 1 makes it possible both to control the lighting elements 17, 18, 19, 20 and to manage each lamp separately.
• This criterion is very important because the angle of phase shift between the voltage and the current is independent of the type and of the power of the lamp. There are therefore no restrictions; the angle is not influenced by a variation in the supply voltage while being perfectly indicative of the state of the lighting element.
• This phase shift angle is determined by measuring the time interval between the passage of the voltage across the terminals of the lighting element, i.e. the negative / positive passage, and the passage through the 0 of the current passing through the lighting element, that is to say the negative / positive passage. At 50Hz the time interval is around 20ms which is equivalent to an angle of 360 °.
• the predetermined values of the phase shift angle can therefore be in particular between 20 ° and 270 °.
• the reading is carried out by the comparator circuits 5 and 6 which send the signal to the microprocessor 3.
• the latter processes the corresponding situation to determine the category of the angle and to see in which predicted situations there is, in the memory 4, the lighting element 19, 17, 20, 18.
• Each transmitter module E is identifiable by a code which goes in particular from 1 to 128 and a specific communication protocol is provided to allow an easily interpretable dialogue between a central unit which can be located far from the lighting network and which is not shown and microprocessors 3 and 13 located on each pole.
• the protocol provides, in the situation of connection of the central unit to the transmitter E, that the first byte identifies the transmitter 3 while the second byte controls the switch 7 to switch the lamp 19 on or off.
• the first byte identifies the code of the transmitter E and the second byte indicates the state of the lighting element.
• the maximum number of lamps is in particular 128, the maximum number of transmitters installed then being 128.
• each transmitter control several lamps. In this case, it is possible to control a number of lamps multiple of 128.
• the invention also relates to a C / G control and management system for lighting elements.
• This system comprises a set of lighting elements 17, 18, 19, 20 as described above connected in parallel by a common supply line A.
• Each lighting element comprises a microprocessor device 1 according to the invention and each transmission system by carrier currents of each microprocessor device 1 is connected by the supply line A to a local processing unit UTL which in particular transmits the information received at a central processing unit U.
• the link between the local processing unit UTL and the central unit U is made by a bidirectional link, in particular of the PSTN type, by cable, by optical fiber, without wires or the like.
• each panel can be installed in the central control unit which gathers the data of each lighting element.
• the dialogue starts between the transmitters E and the receivers R by a transmission of carrier current signals on the line 8a-9a of the electrical network of the lamps 19.
• the data on the status situations of each lighting element and on the ON / OFF control of each lamp are taken by each E / R transmitter / receiver in the local processing unit and are sent to the central unit. of the centralization panel of the lighting system by a telephone modem or any other means of transmission.
• the remote central unit U calls at predefined intervals the various transmitters E then the only transmitter E concerned, once it has received the signal on its receiver R, sends its identification code and the status of the lighting element it controls.
• a transmitter 10 at 112KHz is present in the receiver / transmitter interface circuit I and is controlled by the microprocessor 3, that is to say by the microprocessor controlling the switching on and off.
• a filter 11 located in the receiver / transmitter interface I filters these signals in frequency and then decodes the sound on the decoder circuit 12.
• the microprocessor 3 and the microprocessor 13 provide the interface between the modules E, I, R which decode the signals received on the carrier currents thanks to the integrated software and verify with the comparators 5 and 6 the supply voltage of the lamps; this must not be less than a predefined value in order to guarantee optimal management of the communication and modulation of the carrier with carrier currents for transmission.
• the signal concerning the phase shift angle between voltage and current of each lighting element is sent and, depending on the measurement of this angle, a state of the lighting element is established and if necessary an activation command is launched.
• the following operating phases are carried out: a) the voltage across the lighting element is measured, b) the current passing through the lighting element is measured,
• a resultant information is transmitted to the outside by carrier currents, this resulting information transmitted by carrier currents comprising the measured voltage, the measured current and the measured phase shift angle.
• the invention also relates to a remote monitoring device T of an electronic circuit, in particular of a lighting circuit.
• the remote monitoring device is used to monitor a lighting circuit 101 comprising a set of lighting elements, here lamps 102 connected in parallel to a supply line 103, 104.
• the lamps 102 can be combined ballasts and filter circuits of transient regimes not shown.
• the lamps 102 are, for example, mounted in candelabras arranged along a public road.
• the circuit 101 further comprises a local connection unit 106 located near these candelabras for connecting the supply line 103, 104 to the sector supplying a supply voltage, for example an alternating voltage of frequency 50 Hz and of effective value. rated 220 volts.
• the unit 106 comprises, in a conventional manner, a control circuit 107 which makes the connection between the line 103, 104 and the sector at the desired times, usually overnight, or under the control of a dark detector.
• the lighting circuit to which the invention applies comprises several tens of lamps, identical or of different types.
• the lighting circuit 101 is equipped with a monitoring circuit installed in the connection unit 106.
• the monitoring circuit comprises means 108, 109 for measuring the supply voltage U 'applied to the line 103, 104, connected in parallel to means 111, 112, 113, 114 to measure the intensity I 'of the current flowing in the line 103, 104.
• the voltage measurement means comprise a measurement transformer 108 whose primary winding is connected to the two conductors 103, 104 of the supply line, and a shaping circuit 109 connected to the secondary winding of the transformer 108.
• the integrator delivers an analog signal representing the effective supply voltage and the analog-digital converter converts this signal into a digital value U '.
• the intensity measurement means comprise a current transformer 111 whose primary winding is mounted on a conductor 104 of the supply line, a load 112 connected to the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer 111, a gain amplifier adjustable 113 whose input is connected to the terminals of the load 112, and a shaping circuit 114 connected to the output of the amplifier 113.
• the shaping circuit 114 is identical (integrator and analog-digital converter) to the shaping circuit 109 voltage measuring means. It delivers a numerical value I ′ representing the effective intensity in the supply line 103, 104.
• the numerical values U ', I' supplied by the shaping circuits 109, 114 will be designated by measured supply voltage and by measured current.
• the processor 116 is associated with a non-volatile memory 117. It is also connected, by suitable interfaces not shown, to a control member such as a push button 118 accessible on the connection unit 106 and to three indicator lights 121, 122, 123 of different colors visible on the connection unit 106.
• the indicator light 121 indicates the operating state of the monitoring circuit, and the indicators 122, 123 indicate certain faults in the lighting circuit 101 as will be explained below.
• the processor 116 is connected to a relay 124 forming part of a communication device 125 installed in the connection unit 106.
• This communication device 125 is for example of the type described in FR-A-2 601 485 It is connected to a communication line 126, for example a telephone line, and is adapted to send an alert signal to a local processing unit UTL via the line 126 when the processor 116 switches the relay. 124 (remote signaling of a lighting circuit fault).
• the central monitoring unit U is equipped with computer means, also described in FR-A-2 601 485, for managing the reception of alert signals from the various connection units 106 to which it can be connected by communication 126.
• this remote monitoring device also comprises, associated with certain lighting elements, respectively microprocessor devices 1 as described above.
• This remote monitoring device thus makes it possible to reduce costs by installing only a few microprocessor devices 1 while monitoring vital lighting elements more specifically.
• the remote monitoring device T also comprises the local processing unit UTL connected by an interface 100 to the connection unit 106, the monitoring circuit of which is connected by the carrier current link (supply line), to the transmissions from microprocessor devices 1.
• the interface 100 can also be connected to a central unit U by a bidirectional link, in particular of the PSTN, cable, optical fiber or similar type.
• the link between the lighting circuit and the transmission systems can be bidirectional so that the local processing unit UTL receives on the one hand information from the transmission systems which it sends to the central unit U and on the other hand sends control instructions to these transmission systems which it has received from central unit U.
• connection unit 106 can be placed in the local processing unit UTL.
• the interface 100 may include means, not shown, intended to detect faults on all of the electrical elements of the local processing unit UTL downstream from the connection unit 106.
• the processor 116 calculates the average values UM, IM of these two quantities over a predetermined period T, for example of one hour.
• the processor 116 analyzes the variations of these two average values UM, IM, to detect faults in the lighting circuit 101.
• the processor 116 commands the lighting of the signaling light 121 and the switching of the relay 124 to send an alert signal to the central monitoring unit, and stores a fault detection indication in memory 117.
• This predetermined number of periods T can be equal to one, but, preferably, the alert signal is only emitted after having detected a fault for at least two periods in order to eliminate any artifacts.
• the alert signal having been received at the central monitoring unit U the latter sends a control instruction to the various microprocessor-based devices 1 in order to check whether it is the lighting elements associated with them which have failed.
• each microprocessor device 1 the following operating phases are then carried out: - the voltage across the lighting element is measured;
• the resulting information is transmitted to the central unit U, via the local processing unit UTL, by carrier currents, this resulting information comprising the measured voltage, the measured current, and the measured phase shift angle.
• the repairer can be sent later to the site of the lighting circuit 101. After repairing the fault (defective lamp, line break or short circuit), the repairer. press the push button 118 to extinguish the indicator light 121, remove the fault detection indication from memory 117, and reset the monitoring process for the repaired circuit 101.
• the memory 117 contains data useful for the operation of the monitoring device, in particular information relating to a normal dependence between the average values of the supply voltage and of the current.
• the processor 116 checks the conformity between the average values UM, IM calculated over each period T and this stored information. in the memory 117. At the reset step, this information is erased from the memory 117. After a period T following the reset step, the processor 116 uses the calculated average values UM, IM of the measured supply voltage U 'and the' measured intensity I 'to obtain new information to be stored in memory 117.
• This stored information includes a table of correspondences between average values of the supply voltage and average values of the current.
• the processor 116 detects a fault in the lighting circuit when the average value UM of the measured supply voltage U 1 is substantially equal (for example to within 0.5 V) to a value stored in the table and the average value IM of the measured intensity I 'differs significantly (for example by 3% or more) from the corresponding value stored in the table.
• the processor 116 compares the average values IM of the measured intensity with a representative value which takes account of these fluctuations, and therefore detects only the faults attributable to the circuit. lighting 101.
• the memory 117 also contains two variables UMP, IMP which respectively receive the average values UM, IM at the end of each period T after the analysis step. After the following period, the analysis step includes a comparison between the new calculated average values UM, IM and these variables UMP, IMP which are then equal to the average values calculated during the previous period.
• a fault in circuit 101 is detected by processor 116 when it finds between the two consecutive periods at the same time a significant decrease (for example of 3% or more) in the average value of the measured intensity I '(IM "IMP ), and an increase in the average value of the measured voltage (UM> UMP). In fact, when the mains voltage increases, an increase in intensity should normally be observed, unless a fault such as a defective lamp has appeared.
• the memory 117 further contains a minimum intensity threshold IMIN and a maximum intensity threshold IMAX predetermined.
• IMIN minimum intensity threshold
• IMAX maximum intensity threshold
• the execution of the reset step can be controlled selectively by means of the button pusher 118 as previously explained. It can also be selectively controlled by an appropriate instruction from a program of the processor 116 included in the connection unit 106.
• This instruction can consist of commanding regular resets, for example every year, to take into account the normal aging of the lamps 102 which does not constitute a fault in itself but which would lead to untimely fault detections in the absence of regular corrections to the memorized correspondence table.
• the reset command can also result from the reception of a control signal from the central monitoring unit U via a communication line 129 (indicated in dashes in FIG. 5) connected to a processor input port 116.
• processor 116 The operation of processor 116 is illustrated in more detail by the flow diagram of FIG. 6.
• the processor 116 When the lighting circuit 101 and the monitoring device are energized, the processor 116 performs a time delay of time t to initialize the integrators of the shaping circuits 109, 114.
• the processor 116 commands the lighting of the indicator light 121 (step 132) and the switching of the relay 124 for communicate the alert signal to the central monitoring unit (step 133).
• the processor then enters a reset loop 134.
• a verification of the state of the vital lighting elements is carried out by their microprocessor device 1. This verification is carried out by the stages of the control and management process already described.
• the processor 116 In the absence of a fault detection indication in the memory 117 (test 131), the processor 116 initializes the parameters N, IMP and UMP as indicated in step 136, N designating a counting variable for the number of consecutive periods during which a fault in circuit 101 was observed. Then the processor 116 enters the measurement and analysis loop, each iteration of which has a duration equal to the averaging period T.
• the processor 116 receives from the shaping circuits 109, 114 the T / t measured values I ', U' of the supply current and voltage, performs various checks on these measured values I ', U 'and calculates their respective average values IM, UM over period T.
• the processor examines whether the average value IM is less than the minimum threshold IMIN or greater than the maximum threshold IMAX. If so, it detects a fault (line break or short circuit). Otherwise, it goes to test 139 where it checks whether there is both a significant decrease in the average value IM of the intensity (IM "IMP) and an increase in the average value UM of the voltage (UM> UMP). If so, the processor 116 also detects a fault.
• the processor 116 examines whether the mean value IM differs significantly from the intensity value f (MU) corresponding, in the table, to the mean value MU. If so, it detects a fault.
• the processor 116 writes the value in the correspondence table average UM of the measured supply voltage U and, in correspondence, the average value IM of the measured intensity I '(self-learning step 141).
• the processor 116 sets the counting variable N to zero, thus indicating that the completed iteration has not revealed a fault (step 143).
• the processor 116 updates the variables IMP, UMP (step 144) and returns to step 137 to execute the next iteration of the measurement and analysis loop.
• the processor 116 examines whether N> 1 (test 146) that is that is, if the fault has been detected during at least the last two periods T. If so, the processor 116 writes the fault detection indication in the memory 117 (step 147), then executes the signaling steps 132 , 133 and enters the reset wait loop 134, If the test 146 reveals that N ⁇ 1, the fault which comes to be detected must be confirmed and the processor 116 returns to steps 144 and 137 to execute another iteration of the measurement and analysis loop.
• the processor When a fault has been reported, the processor remains in the waiting loop 134 until the appearance of a reset command. At this time, the processor 116 commands the extinction of the indicator light 121 (step 148), removes the fault detection indication from the memory 117 (step 149), and erases the correspondence table from the memory 117 (step 150) , before returning to the initialization step 36 to resume the monitoring process.
• step 137 of measurements and calculation of the average values, carried out at each period T, is detailed on the flow chart of FIG. 7.
• the variables X, IM and UM are initialized to zero, in 160, X designating a time-counting variable.
• the processor 116 After acquisition (161) of each pair of measured values I ', U' from the shaping circuits 109, 114, the processor 116 compares the measured value I 'of the intensity to the two thresholds IMIN, IMAX and controls the state of the indicators 122, 123 as a function of the result of the comparisons (steps 162, 163).
• the processor 116 examines whether a reset command is in progress (push button 118 pressed, or execution of an instruction from a program of the processor, or reception of an external command signal). If so, it deletes the correspondence table from memory 117 (step 165) and returns to initialization step 160 to resume a complete measurement cycle.
• the measured values I ′, U 1 are added to the variables IM, UM and the counting variable X is increased by one unit (step 166). Then, in test 167, the counting variable X is compared to the ratio T / t between the period T and the duration t. In the event of a tie (period T completed), the average values IM, UM are determined at 168 and step 137 of measurements and calculation of average values is completed. If X ⁇ T / t (period T incomplete) the processor 116 performs, in 169, a time delay of duration t and commands a flashing of the indicator light 121, which indicates a normal monitoring process, then returns to the acquisition step 161.
• the processor 116, the memory 117 and the shaping circuits 109, 114 can be included in a card installed in the connection unit 106. Some of the functions of the processor 116 can also be implemented by logic circuits of the card intended to receive the communication device 125.
• the invention preferably applies to the monitoring of a lighting circuit.
• other types of electrical circuits notably signaling for example for traffic lights, can be monitored in accordance with the invention.

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• Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
• Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
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• 1993
  • 1993-07-30 IT IT93BO000339A patent/IT1264183B1/it active IP Right Grant
• 1994
  • 1994-04-29 EP EP94830206A patent/EP0637195A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-08-01 EP EP94923769A patent/EP0711498B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-01 DE DE69406796T patent/DE69406796T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-01 AT AT94923769T patent/ATE160253T1/de active
  • 1994-08-01 WO PCT/FR1994/000970 patent/WO1995004446A1/fr active Search and Examination
  • 1994-08-01 ES ES94923769T patent/ES2113120T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-01 AU AU73871/94A patent/AU7387194A/en not_active Abandoned

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