WO1995002274A1 - Appareil de stockage et de conversion d'energie - Google Patents

Appareil de stockage et de conversion d'energie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995002274A1
WO1995002274A1 PCT/GB1994/001463 GB9401463W WO9502274A1 WO 1995002274 A1 WO1995002274 A1 WO 1995002274A1 GB 9401463 W GB9401463 W GB 9401463W WO 9502274 A1 WO9502274 A1 WO 9502274A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
vacuum chamber
vacuum
membrane
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1994/001463
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Howard Timothy Jennings
Terence Martin Cox
Original Assignee
British Nuclear Fuels Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9313943A external-priority patent/GB9313943D0/en
Priority claimed from GB939313926A external-priority patent/GB9313926D0/en
Application filed by British Nuclear Fuels Plc filed Critical British Nuclear Fuels Plc
Priority to AU70797/94A priority Critical patent/AU7079794A/en
Publication of WO1995002274A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995002274A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F16F15/305—Flywheels made of plastics, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics [FRP], i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2788—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to energy storage and conversion apparatus, and in particular to such apparatus incorporating a stator for driving a rotor to store energy in the form of kinetic energy of the rotor- Flywheel energy storage and conversion apparatus are known which comprise a fixed stator having coils mounted on a core and a rotating rotor accelerated by the stator to store energy in the rotor.
  • the stator and rotor act as a dynamo to deliver energy, thereby resulting in deceleration of the rotor.
  • the rotor must rotate at high speeds, in the region of 100,000 rpm in the case of the applicant's apparatus described in co-pending U.K.
  • the present applicant has therefore proposed an apparatus wherein the rotor is supported by electromagnetic bearings rather than mechanical bearings, thereby reducing significantly the friction losses associated with the prior art mechanical bearings. Further, the present invention described herein relates to an arrangement whereby the friction between the rotor itself and molecules of 0 2 , N 2 or C0 2 , for example, within the support housing can be reduced, thereby reducing losses in the flywheel energy storage and conversion apparatus.
  • an energy storage and conversion apparatus comprising a housing defining a vacuum chamber, a rotor within the vacuum chamber, a stator arranged to drive the rotor to store energy as kinetic energy of the rotor and a membrane between the rotor and the housing to divide the vacuum chamber into a first portion accommodating the rotor and a second portion, wherein means are provided associated with the second portion of the vacuum chamber for increasing the vacuum in the first portion of the vacuum chamber.
  • the means for increasing the vacuum in the first portion of the vacuum chamber comprise a "getter" material within the second portion of the vacuum chamber which attracts particles/molecules present in the second portion of the vacuum chamber.
  • the getter material is preferably a carbon or silicone based material.
  • the getter is renewable without destroying the vacuum within the first portion of the vacuum chamber.
  • the means for increasing the vacuum in the first portion of the vacuum chamber comprise a pump outside the housing communicating with the second portion of the vacuum chamber. If a pump is used, it is preferably a vacuum pump.
  • the means for increasing the vacuum in the first portion of the vacuum chamber comprise means for cooling the second portion of the vacuum chamber to produce a temperature gradient across the membrane.
  • the membrane is a diodic membrane.
  • molecules/particles can pass from the first portion to the second portion of the vacuum chamber, thereby improving the vacuum in the first portion around the rotor, without being able to pass back from the second portion to the first portion of the vacuum chamber.
  • the membrane may be manufactured from any suitable material, such as a homogeneous polymer.
  • Polymer materials which may be appropriate include cellulose derivatives, polyamide, polysulfone and polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the membrane may be layered onto a backing membrane of microporous ceramic material.
  • Other forms of membrane known to those skilled in the art may, of course, alternatively be used.
  • the stator is positioned within the rotor and the membrane is between the rotor and an external support housing. More preferably, the rotor is substantially cylindrical. Further, the rotor may be manufactured of fibre reinforced composite material, but any other suitable material could alternatively be used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side elevation of a flywheel energy storage and conversion apparatus incorporating a membrane according to the present invention.
  • a flywheel energy storage and conversion apparatus l comprises a support housing 3 defining a vacuum chamber 5.
  • the rotor 9 is made of fibre reinforeced composite, such as carbon fibre composite.
  • the rotor 9 When energy is applied to the stator 7 from a power source 11 via leads 13, the rotor 9 is driven to rotate, thereby storing energy in the rotor as kinetic energy of the rotor 9.
  • the rotor 9 is suspended about the stator 7 by means of electromagnetic bearings 15,17 which interact with permanent magnet rings 19,21 respectively mounted at the ends of the rotor 9.
  • An axial bearing, comprising a permanent magnet 23, is provided on the inside of the support housing 3 to position the rotor 9 relative to the stator 7.
  • the gas pressure between the membrane 27 and the support housing 3 is continually being reduced, thereby enabling gas molecules to diffuse through the membrane 27 from the vicinity of the rotor 9 to the outer portion 5a of the vacuum chamber 5 between the membrane 27 and the support housing 3.
  • This reduction in pressure can be achieved either by including a getter (not shown) , such as a carbon or silicone based material, in the outer portion 5a of the vacuum chamber 5 or by using a vacuum pump (not shown) to physically pump out gas from the outer portion 5a of the vacuum chamber 5.
  • a vacuum pump would preferably not be used, due to the expense thereof.
  • access is provided to the getter to enable the apparatus to be "serviced” by renewing the getter when the getter within the vacuum chamber becomes inefficient.
  • a coolant jacket may be applied to the outside of the support housing 3 to produce a temperature gradient across the membrane 27.
  • high energy gas particles or molecules within the inner portion 5b of the vacuum chamber 5 will tend to diffuse towards the outer portion 5a of the vacuum chamber 5 through the membrane 27.
  • the particles can then be absorbed by a getter or any other appropriate means associated with-the outer portion 5a of the vacuum chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de stockage et de conversion d'énergie (1) constitué d'un boîtier de support (3) formant une chambre à vide (5), d'un rotor (9) placé à l'intérieur de la chambre (5) et d'un stator (7) agencé pour entraîner le rotor (9), dans le but de stocker l'énergie sous forme d'énergie cinétique. De plus, l'appareil possède une membrane (27) placée entre le rotor (9) et le boîtier de support (3), destinée à diviser la chambre (5) en une première partie (5b) recevant le rotor (9) et une deuxième partie (5a). Des moyens sont associés à la deuxième partie (5a) de la chambre à vide (5), afin d'augmenter le vide dans la première partie (5b). On peut ainsi diminuer les pertes d'énergie par friction dues à la rotation du rotor.
PCT/GB1994/001463 1993-07-06 1994-07-06 Appareil de stockage et de conversion d'energie WO1995002274A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU70797/94A AU7079794A (en) 1993-07-06 1994-07-06 An energy storage and conversion apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9313943A GB9313943D0 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Rotors
GB9313926.9 1993-07-06
GB939313926A GB9313926D0 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Energy storage and conversion devices
GB9313943.4 1993-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995002274A1 true WO1995002274A1 (fr) 1995-01-19

Family

ID=26303190

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1994/001463 WO1995002274A1 (fr) 1993-07-06 1994-07-06 Appareil de stockage et de conversion d'energie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7079794A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995002274A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7667418B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2010-02-23 The University Of Toledo Control system for bearingless motor-generator
CN104011428A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2014-08-27 罗特能源控股公司 机电飞轮容置系统
WO2012168682A3 (fr) * 2011-06-10 2015-06-11 William Brian Turner Palier de lévitation magnétique d'un volant d'inertie de grand diamètre et système d'entraînement

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2050108A1 (de) * 1970-10-13 1972-04-20 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Speicherschwungrad
US4870310A (en) * 1988-03-02 1989-09-26 Triplett Billy R Portable crash-survivable kinetic energy storage machine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2050108A1 (de) * 1970-10-13 1972-04-20 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Speicherschwungrad
US4870310A (en) * 1988-03-02 1989-09-26 Triplett Billy R Portable crash-survivable kinetic energy storage machine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7667418B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2010-02-23 The University Of Toledo Control system for bearingless motor-generator
WO2012168682A3 (fr) * 2011-06-10 2015-06-11 William Brian Turner Palier de lévitation magnétique d'un volant d'inertie de grand diamètre et système d'entraînement
CN104011428A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2014-08-27 罗特能源控股公司 机电飞轮容置系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7079794A (en) 1995-02-06

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