WO1995001523A1 - Dispositif d'etancheite et son procede de production - Google Patents

Dispositif d'etancheite et son procede de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995001523A1
WO1995001523A1 PCT/CN1994/000053 CN9400053W WO9501523A1 WO 1995001523 A1 WO1995001523 A1 WO 1995001523A1 CN 9400053 W CN9400053 W CN 9400053W WO 9501523 A1 WO9501523 A1 WO 9501523A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seal
ring
joint
pin
double
Prior art date
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PCT/CN1994/000053
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhengchun Hu
Original Assignee
Zhengchun Hu
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Application filed by Zhengchun Hu filed Critical Zhengchun Hu
Priority to AU71197/94A priority Critical patent/AU7119794A/en
Publication of WO1995001523A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995001523A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J9/00Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
    • F16J9/12Details
    • F16J9/14Joint-closures

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical seals and can be widely applied to the sealing system of mechanical engineering, especially for piston-type machines.
  • the current state of mechanical engineering is the seal between two opposing sliding parts, such as the seals used in the mechanical engineering of piston internal combustion engines, compressors, pumps, etc., between the stern wall and the piston, between the shaft and the bearing. It is a piston ring, a leakage ring or a seal.
  • the piston ring is either a simple right-angled opening or an axial stepped lap (also known as a stepped lip), which has been used for a long time and has not changed (see Xi'an Jiaotong University Machinery ⁇ "Internal Combustion Engine Design” edited by the Internal Combustion Engine Teaching and Research Group, China Industrial Press, October 1961, Beijing, First Edition, page 41 First edition, page 42).
  • the present invention aims to propose a design concept that fundamentally changes the opening position of the seal from the structure, and at the same time proposes a corresponding product to prevent leakage channels and has nothing to do with wear, thereby improving the reliability and life of the seal and improving the working efficiency.
  • the present invention proposes three related design solutions.
  • the first is a double-joint solution, which is mostly used in the case where the piston ring and the leak-proof ring can be rotated in the groove;
  • the second is a sealing pin solution, which is mostly used in the situation where the piston ring and the leak-proof ring are located or not positioned;
  • the third is a cross combination scheme, which is mostly used in high-pressure compressors to strengthen the sealing occasion. For seals, the above All three options are available.
  • a mechanical sealing device includes a sealing member, a relative sliding member, and a relatively stationary member, and is characterized in that:
  • the above-mentioned seal opening is divided into multiple rows of step-shaped compound laps, or, b.
  • the above-mentioned seal opening has a seal pin embedded structure
  • the above-mentioned double-joint refers to a kind of joint whose seal gap is located at the dead end of the leak-free channel in the end gap between the two main sealing surfaces, and the profile of its overlap surface is in the cross-section of its overlap section. A line connecting from one point on one main sealing surface to one point on the other main sealing surface is kept at an unconnected distance between the end gaps of two adjacent sections separated by the overlap section.
  • the above-mentioned multi-pass repeated cross combination refers to a combination in which the sealing system of the same or different double-joint structure and pin structure is combined to obtain a reinforced seal in the case of ultra-high pressure.
  • the above-mentioned sealing pin embedding structure refers to a structure in which a dynamic-fitting sealing pin is embedded in the opening of the seal, so that a double-joint joint is formed between the two ends of the opening of the seal and the pin.
  • a method for manufacturing a mechanical seal which includes the processes of casting, finishing, etc. of a seal, which is characterized by:
  • the entire ring is cut into a seal, that is, the rough surface that has been roughened by the master is first processed to the ends of the lap at the ends, and then the ring is processed under the tight state in the round mold.
  • notch and partition of the cylindrical pin separately, that is, first process the ungrooved cylindrical pin, and then position it on a precision fixture to process the communicating groove, and then cut a width equal to the partition at the center line A slot is fitted into the slot and a static-fitting partition plate is embedded in the slot. Finally, the mating surface of the pin head is finely ground to obtain the required symmetrical slot openings, or, d.
  • Two-piece combination method of cylindrical pin that is, firstly milling a tenon shape that matches the end shape of the double-joint seal on a cylindrical top surface, and then cutting off a top column piece The column piece is reversely welded to the pin head and the face is finished, so that a cylindrical pin is precisely matched with the double-joint seal.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a double-joint
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the end gap structure
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the end gap in FIG. 2
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the 2/2 / 2-piece double ring ring stand.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the 2/2/1 double hinge ring
  • Figure 6 is a profile diagram of the overlapping surface of the 2/2/1 double-joint
  • Figure 7 is a profile view of the overlapping surface of the 2.2 / 2 horizontal double-button dowel-shaped double-joint.
  • Figure 8 is a line drawing of the overlapping surface of the 2/2/2 (slanted) / 1 double-joint
  • Figure 9 shows the 2/2/1 horizontal dovetail dovetail joint profile line
  • Fig. 10 is the lap surface profile of 2. 2/1 quarter-circle solitary compound lap.
  • Fig. 11 is the lap surface profile of 2. 2/1 quarter-circle solitary compound lap.
  • Figure 12 is: 2. 2/1 hook-and-joint double-joint overlap surface profile
  • Figure 13 is: 2. 2/1 oblique dovetail lap joint profile line drawing
  • Figure 14 is: 2. 2/1 horizontally circular dowel-shaped double-joint lap surface profile diagram Figure 15 is 4. 2/2/2/1 vertical middle-tenon double-joint lap surface Profile diagram Figure 16 is a profile diagram of the lap surface of the stepped 2/2/2/1 double compound lap
  • Figure 17 is a profile diagram of the overlapping surface of the 2/2/1 trapezoidal Xiangdoujiao
  • Figure 18 is a profile view of the overlapping surface of the 2/2/1 chamfered duplex splice.
  • Figure 19 is a profile view of the overlapping surface of the 2/2/1 right-angle oblique-tenon compound lap
  • Figure 20 is a profile view of the overlapping surface of the 4/2/2/2/1 fork-type double-joint
  • Figure 21 is a lap line profile diagram of the 3/2/2/1 transverse middle-tenon double-joint.
  • Figure 22 is a diagram of a piston ring seal system with springs and containment pins. Among them: (8) —piston, (9) —spring, (10) —sealing pin, (11) a piston ring.
  • Figure 23 is a lap line profile diagram of a piston ring seal system with springs and containment pins
  • Figure 24 is a system diagram of a seal pin with springs and containment pins
  • FIG. 25 shows a system without a spring and a complementary pin seal. Among them: (13) —piston ring, (14) — ⁇ block.
  • Figure 26 shows the seal system with spring and complementary pin. Among them: (15) —piston rings, (16) —pistons, (17) —springs, and (18) —condyles.
  • Figure 27 is a diagram of a T-shaped complementary seal system. Among them: (19) —piston, (20) —T-shaped pin block.
  • Fig. 28 System diagram of a plug-shaped complementary pin seal. Among them: (21) —piston ring, (22) —plug-shaped pin block.
  • the present invention processes the opening into a shape of a multi-row and multi-step lap, called a composite lap, which separates the opening end gap.
  • a composite lap which separates the opening end gap.
  • a piston ring with a sealing pin it is called a piston ring with a sealing pin, and it is referred to as a pin ring for short.
  • a pin ring Its structure is that a correspondingly shaped sealing pin is embedded in the opening of the ring, so that the two ends of the opening of the ring and the pin form a double-joint relationship, so as to obtain the sealing function of the leak-free channel.
  • pins There are many types of pins, which can be divided into inclusive pins and complementary types. Figures 22 to 28 show some of the main examples.
  • the fuel consumption can be reduced by about 8% after using the sealing system of the present invention, and the life of the ring can be improved by Times more. In other words, the leakage rate is reduced to less than 5%. It creates prerequisites for the manufacture of single-ring piston internal combustion engines and compressors.
  • Example 3 Example of a double-joint ring (see FIGS. 1 to 21)
  • the whole ring can be processed, or multiple narrow rings can be combined ( ⁇ or not).
  • the end face of each part of the double-joint is a non-matching surface, and its shape can be changed according to process requirements without affecting the sealing performance.
  • the "duplex joint" is different from the "single row joint" of the existing joint ring.
  • the former has an apex in the axial and radial directions, and the latter has an axial apex.
  • the double-joint refers to such a joint, whose joints are located on the two main sealing surfaces.
  • the end gap is the dead angle of the leak-free channel;
  • the cross-section line of the overlap surface is the profile of the overlap surface. In the cross-section of the overlap section, it is a point that starts from one main sealing surface and ends at the other main seal. A point on the face.
  • This line can be arbitrary or special.
  • a is a straight line connecting a point A on the main sealing surface (1) and a point B on the main sealing surface (2)
  • b is an arc connecting two points of AB
  • c is a polyline connecting two points of AB.
  • the three profiles determine the shape of the three overlapping lap joints.
  • Multi-row stepped double-joint is a fold line whose profile is perpendicular to the main sealing surface. .
  • Figures 6 to 21 show the profile of some important double-joint joints.
  • the left and bottom sides are the main sealing surfaces.
  • This embodiment is particularly applicable to an internal combustion engine.
  • Example 4 95 series diesel engine 2. 2/2 double-joint ring ring examples (see Figures 2 to 4 and Figures 20 to 26)
  • the piston ring of the existing 95 series diesel engine is a right-angled piston ring. Due to the inevitable leakage of the leakage channel and the poor sealing performance, three-way gas ring seals are generally used. Since the main feature of the present invention is the shape of the lap at its opening, all aspects are prior art except for parameters and processes related to it. Therefore, this embodiment only details the technical details related to the double-joint.
  • the 2/2 duplex splice is a duplex splice that divides the open end gap orthogonally into four parts, as indicated by (23) in Fig. 3, so that they are separated by a certain distance and arranged as figure 2. From the sections A_A, B— B, C—C, D—D through the four-part end gap, four right-angled overlapping surface profiles can be seen. The four-part end gap is separated by four overlapping surfaces with different directions. Dead end without leaky channels.
  • the three-dimensional shape of its lap is shown in Figure 2. In the figure, (4) is the first order in the first column, (5) is the second order in the first column, (6) is the first order in the second column, and (7) is the second order in the second column. That is, the numbers from outside to inside are columns, and the numbers from top to bottom are orders.
  • H, al, a2, and R are parameters specific to this kind of ring, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • H ⁇ refers to the height of the second stage, al refers to the angle occupied by each step; a2 is the corresponding angle of the full length of the lap; R refers to the radius of the mid-surface arc between the two columns, the stepped columns and the columns.
  • Example 6 Example of piston ring with containment pin (see Figure 22 to Figure 24)
  • the so-called containment pin refers to a pin that changes the shape of the end gap by adding a ring that contains both the piston ring groove and the open end gap of the ring to form a double-joint structure to achieve a leak-free channel seal. purpose.
  • Drill a hole in the piston ring groove Put a spring in the hole first, and then insert a cylindrical sealing pin that fits closely with it. The outer end of the pin is pressed against the red wall by the spring force at the bottom of the hole. On the outer end of the pin, there are two left-right symmetrical and non-interconnecting grooves, the width of which is equal to that of the ring groove and is on the same plane as the ring groove. The two ends of the piston ring are respectively embedded in the left and right pin grooves and between the pin grooves to form a double-joint without leaking channels. Its structure is shown in Figure 22, where each symbol indicates: (8)-piston, (9) a spring, (10)-seal pin, (11)-piston ring. The profile on the cross section of the tower mouth is shown in Figure 23.
  • the containment pin can be made equal to the width of the piston ring and cooperates with the radial end of the ring end to dispense with the spring.
  • the shape is shown in Figure 24.
  • the fitting force of the pin to the cylinder wall is provided by the spring force at the end of the ring to simplify the structure.
  • the containment pin sealing system is mainly used in situations where the piston ring does not rotate in the ring groove, such as a scavenging two-stroke internal combustion engine.
  • the material used may be the same as or different from the material of the ring.
  • the upper and lower shoulders can be cut out as indicated by (12) in Fig. 22.
  • Example 7 Example of complementary pin (see Figure 25 to Figure 28)
  • the so-called complementary pin refers to a sealing pin in which a pin block corresponding to the shape of the lap is embedded at the end gap of the lap seal (ring) so that it forms a lap structure at both ends of the seal.
  • the simplest one is shown in Figure 25, where each symbol in the figure indicates: (13) piston ring, (14) pin block.
  • the pin block is kept in contact with the cylinder wall under the elastic force of the ring end.
  • the material of the pin block can be harder.
  • it is made of silicon nitride, which is hard and wear-resistant, has strong ring end protection, and plays an important role in maintaining a good distribution of the elasticity of the entire circumference.
  • the complementary pins and rings are rotatable in the slots.
  • Figures 25 to 28 show the structure of the complementary pins.
  • Fig. 26 is the complementary pin with spring on the back.
  • the 2/1 horizontal circular mortise dowel-shaped double-joint has the overlapping surface profile as shown in Fig. 14 and is characterized by controlling the upper and lower positions of the two ends of the overlap.
  • the 2/2/2/1 step-shaped double-joint has the overlapping surface profile as shown in Figure 16. It is composed of four rows of step-shaped joints. Each of the three columns on the left has two steps, and the one on the right has only two steps. A step.
  • the 2/1 step-shaped double-joint has the overlapping surface profile as shown in Figure 17.
  • the feature is to control the movement of the two ends of the overlap.
  • the 2/1 chamfered double-joint has the overlapping surface profile as shown in Figure 18. The feature is that it only partially controls the movement of the two ends of the overlap.
  • the 2/1 right-angle oblique tenon-shaped compound lap is shown in Figure 19, especially it can control the two ends of the lap to move up, down, left and right.
  • the 2/2/1 horizontal tenon-shaped compound lap has the lap surface profile as shown in Fig. 21, which has the function of completely controlling the up, down, left and right positions of the ends of the lap.
  • T-shaped complementary pin seal system as shown in Figure 27, is characterized by the absence of springs, and the pin block has the most significant reinforcing effect on the piston ring end.
  • (19) is a piston ring
  • (20) is a T-shaped pin block.
  • Insertion plate-shaped complementary pin sealing system as shown in Fig. 28, (21) is the piston ring, and (22) is the insertion plate-shaped pin block.
  • the elastic force of the open end of the piston ring fits on the cylinder wall without additional springs.
  • the average leakage loss at the opening of the piston ring is 5%, and the friction loss of the piston ring against the cylinder wall is 7-12%.
  • the fuel consumption can be reduced by using the sealing system of the present invention.
  • the life of the ring can be increased by more than five times, that is, the leakage loss is reduced to about 1%, and the friction loss of the piston ring to the cylinder wall is reduced to 4.5% or less. It creates prerequisites for the manufacture of single-ring piston engines. (The "single ring" here refers to an air ring, that is, an internal combustion engine that requires only one air ring.) Therefore, the object of the present invention is basically achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Description

机械密封装置及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于机械密封技术领域, 可广泛适用于机械工程中尤其是 活塞式机械的密封糸统。
背景技术
机械工程现有的状况是,两相对滑动部件之间的密封,如机械工程 中的活塞式内燃机,压缩机,泵等等的釭壁与活塞之间、轴与轴承之间, 所用的密封件是活塞环、止漏环或密封条。 以活塞环为例,要么只是一 个簡单的直角形开口,要么只是一个轴向的阶梯形搭口(又称阶梯口), 其沿用的历史十分久远,至今未变(见西安交通大学机械糸内燃机教研 组编《内燃机设计》中国工业出版社 1961年 10月北京第一版第 4 1 页, 吉林工业大学内燃机教研組编《 内燃机的理论与设计》下册, 机械 工业出版杜 1977年 7月北京第一版第 42页)。这些设计方案在开口部 位都不可避免地留下漏泄通道, 使密封性能欠佳。为弥补其不足,又不 得不采用多环措施,使结构复杂化,摩擦损失增加,整机尺寸重量增大, 特别是开口端隙在运行中因磨损逐渐加大,密封性能下降而必须更换, 以致使活塞环成为内燃机上工作寿命最短的零件( 见上述《内燃机的 理论与设计》下册第 62页),并成为决定整机、 整车维修周期的重要因 素。 长久以来,科技界一直在研究"单环活塞内燃机",但因活塞环漏泄 通道的问题没有解决而未成功。
本发明旨在提出一种设计构思, 从结构上根本改变密封件开口部 位, 同时提出相应的产品,使其避免出现漏泄通道并与磨损无关,从而 提高密封的可靠性和寿命,提高工作效率。
发明内容
为此,本发明提出了三种相关的设计方案。 其一是复式搭口方案, 多用于活塞环, 止漏环等在槽内可旋转的场合; 其二是加密封销方 案,多用于活塞环、止漏环等定位或不定位工作的场合;其三是交叉組 合方案,多用于高压力压缩机强化密封的场合。 对于密封条而言,上述 三种方案均可采用。
换言之,本发明的主要技术解决方案为:
一种机械密封装置, 它包括采用密封件、相对滑动件和相对静止 件,其特征在于:
a.上述密封件开口处分为多列阶梯形的复式搭口,或者, b.上述密封件开口处呈密封销嵌入结构,
c.上述方案 a和上述方案 b的多道重复和交叉组合结构。
上述复式搭口是指这样一种搭口, 其密封件搭口位于两主密封面 间的端隙呈无漏泄通道的死角, 其搭接面的型线在其搭接段的横切面 内是一条由一个主密封面上一点到另一个主密封面上一点的连线, 其被搭接段分隔成的相邻两部分端隙之间始终保持着互不相连的距 离。
上述多道重复交叉組合是指这样的一种组合, 即把相同或不相同 的复式搭口结构、加销结构的密封糸统多道组合在一起以荻得特高压 力场合的强化密封。
上述密封销嵌入结构是指这样一种结构, 即在上述密封件开口处 嵌入一个动配合的密封销, 使密封件开口两端与销之间构成复式搭口 结拘。
一种机械密封件制造方法, 它包括采用密封件浇铸、精加工等工 艺,其特征在于:
a.多个窄环組合为一套或一个密封件,即,先按搭接面型线精密地 加工制成有相应搭接面形状的窄环,然后駿洗电镀一层铜,再按整体设 计的形状组合起来作扩散焊接, 最好对整环的外圓和径向平面精磨成 密封件,或者,
b.整环切削加工成一个密封件,即,先用靠模对粗加工开了口的毛 坯向两端分别加工出搭口处的搭接面, 然后在圆模内紧合状态下加工 环背,外圓精磨,热定形,或者
c分別加工柱形销槽口及隔板, 即,先加工出未开槽的柱形销,然 后在精密夹具上定位后加工出相通的槽, 再于中线处切 个与隔界等 宽的槽并于槽中嵌入一片静配合的隔板, 最后精磨销头配合面即得到 所需互不相通的对称槽口,或者, d.柱形销两件組合法,即,先在一个柱形顶面上铣出与复式搭口密 封件的端部形状相配合的榫口形状,再切下顶部一块柱片,又把该柱片 反转焊接在销头上并精加工项面, 从而制成与复式搭口密封件精密配 合的柱形销。
附图概述
图 1为复式搭口结构示意图
图 2为 2. 2/2复式搭口端隙结构示意图
图 3为图 2中过四部份端隙的剖示图
图 4为 2. 2/2复式搭口环立休结构示意困
图 5为 2. 2/1复式搭口环立体结构示意图
图 6为 2. 2/1复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 7为 2. 2/1水平双扣榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 8为 2. 2/2(斜) /1复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 9为 2. 2/1横向燕尾榫形复式搭口接面型线困
图 10为 2. 2/1四分之一圓周孤形复式搭口的搭接面型线图 图 11为 2. 2/1大于四分之一圆周孤形复式搭口的搭接面型线图 图 12为: 2. 2/1勾榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 13为: 2. 2/1斜燕尾榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 14为: 2. 2/1水平向圆孤榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图 图 15为 4. 2/2/2/1竖向中凸榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图 图 16为 4. 2/2/2/1阶梯形复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 17为 2. 2/1梯形祥复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 18为 2. 2/1倒角复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 19为 2. 2/1直角斜榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 20为 4. 2/2/2/1叉榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图
图 21 为 3. 2/2/1横向中凸榫形复式搭口的搭接面型线图 图 22为有弹簧加包容销活塞环密封系统图。 其中:(8 )—活塞、 (9)—弹簧、(10)—密封销、(11 )一活塞环。
图 23为有 簧加包容销活塞环密封糸统的搭接面型线图 图 24为无弹簧的加包容销密封销糸统图
图 25为无弹簧加互补销密封糸统困。其中:(13)—活塞环,(14)— 铕块。
图 26为有弹簧加互补销密封糸统囷。 其中:(15)—活塞环、(16) —活塞、(17)—弹簧、(18)—铕块。
图 27为 T形互补铕密封糸统图。其中:(19)—活塞、(20)— T形销 块。
图 28插板形互补销密封糸统图。 其中:( 21 )—活塞环、( 22 )—插 板形销块。
本发明的最佳实施方式
实施例 1.复.式搭口设计
为了使密封件开口处既留有端隙又不留下漏泄通道, 本发明把开 口处加工成称之为复合式搭口的有多列多阶梯的搭口形状, 它是把开 口端隙分隔成至少两部份或著两部分以上相互镨开一定距离排列的开 口端隙,并使这个距离始终大于工作状态时的开口端隙,达到各部份端 隙都被隔离为独立的死角从而不形成漏泄通道的目的。 由于镨开的距 离较远,即便经长时间运转后间隙加大,各部份端隙仍不会串通。 所以 这种无漏泄通道的功能可看作与磨损无关。
实施例 2.加密封销设计(参见图 22至图 28)
以内燃机为例, 称为加密封销的活塞环,簡称加销环。 其结构是, 在环的开口处嵌入一个相应形状的密封销, 使环的开口两端与销之间 构成复式搭口的关系, 从而获得无漏泄通道的密封功能。 销的形式很 多, 可分为包容销和互补两种类型。 图 22至图 28是几种主要的加铕 实例。 考虑到现有内燃机中活塞环开口处漏泄损失平均 5% ,活塞环对 缸壁的摩檫损失 7— 12 %,采用本发明的密封糸统后可降低油耗 8%左 右 ,环的寿命提高五倍以上。 即降低漏泄劝率损失降至 5%以下。它为 制造单环活塞内燃机和压缩机创造了先决条件。
实施例 3.复式搭口环实施例(参见图 1至图 21 )
制造方法上可以整环加工, 也可以由多个窄环组合而成(烊或不 烀)。 复式搭口处各部份的端面属非配合面,其形状可随工艺需要而变 化, 不影响密封性能。 "复式搭口"是与现有搭口环的"单列搭口"相区 别而言的。 前者在轴向和径向都有搭口,后者尸、有轴向搭口。
在本实施例中,复式搭口是指这样的搭口,其搭口位于两主密封面 间的端隙是无漏泄通道的死角;搭接面的横切线即搭接面的型线,在其 搭接段横切面内是一条起于一个主密封面上一点, 止于另一主密封面 上一点的连线。 这条连线可以是任意的,也可以是特殊的。 图 1中的 a 为连接主密封面( 1 )上一点 A和主密封面(2)上一点 B的直线, b为连 接 AB两点的圆弧, c为连接 AB两点的折线。三条型线决定了三个复式 搭口搭接面的形状。 多列阶梯型复式搭口,是型线与主密封面垂直的 折线。 .
复式搭口的形状很多,图 6至图 21是部份重要的复式搭口的搭接 面型线图,一律以左、下侧面为主密封面。
本实施例尤其适用于内燃机。
实施例 4、 95 系列柴油机 2. 2/2复式搭口环实施例(参见图 2至 图 4以及图 20至困 26)
现有 95糸列柴油机的活塞环是直角开口的活塞环, 由于不可避 免地留有漏泄通道密封性能欠佳, 一般都采用三道气环密封。 由于本 发明的主要特征在于其开口部位的搭口形状, 所以除与之有关的参数 和工艺外,其他方面均是现有技术。 因此,本实施例只详述与复式搭口 有关的技术细节。
a.搭口逸型,符合上述复式搭口定义的构型很多,虽然都能对两个 主密封面实现无漏泄通道的密封,但不同 '构型间各有特点。 考虑到 95 糸列柴油机在民用上使用很广泛,特逸取一种无正 之分的构型:二列 双二阶复式搭口环(一般记为 2. 2/2,后同)。 它的' )4能特点是,其搭口 本身有对四个方向实现无漏泄密封的典型特征。采用这种构型,使用者 在装配时省去对正反面的考虑,有利于推广。
b.结构: 2. 2/2复式搭口是这样一种复式搭口,把开口端隙正交分 割成四部分, 如图 3中(23)所指,使它们分別镨开一定距离排列如图 2。从过四部分端隙的剖面 A_A,B— B,C一 C,D— D可以看到四条直角 形的搭接面型线, 四部分端隙分別被方向不同的四个搭接面隔离成死 角而没有漏泄通道。 其搭口处的立体形状如图 2。 图中所标(4)是第 1 列第 1阶, (5)是第 1列第 2阶,(6)是第 2列第 1阶,(7)是第 2列第 2 阶。 即由外向内数为列,由上向下数为阶。
c.结构参数, 95糸列柴油机 2. 2/2复式搭口环的结构参数如下: D— 95 cm— 7. 7 D/tq— 27. 2 bq— 0. 85 So/t— (3. 4— )Poq— (0. 8 —1. 3)— Ao O- 09 H— 6/2 R— 45. 75、al— 5° a2— 15° Adq/O. 09 X 103 -4. 2
其中, H、al、a2、R为这种环特有的参数,见图 3。 H糸指第 2级台 阶的高, al系指每个台阶所占角度; a2为搭口全长对应角; R系指两列 阶梯列与列之间的中间型面圆弧半径。
d.材料:合金铸铁,成分如下:
总 C— ( 2. 9— 3. 1 )化合 C— 0. 8 Si— (2. 2— 2. 4)Mn— (2. 2— 2. 4 )Cr- (0. 6— 0. 8)Mo— (0. 9— l)Cu— (0. 5— 0. 7)P— (0. 3- 0. 8)s— <0. 1
e.主要工艺:采用整环切削加工法。
实施例 5. 2. 2/1复式搭口。
在复式塔口申, 列和阶的概念有的典型,有的模糊。本例第 1列第 二阶的搭接面型线如图 6。第 2列只有一个阶,即环高 b。图 2及图 5的 共同点是, 型线都是垂直于两主密封面折线,密封端隙呈矩形,它们算 是列、阶概念典型的例子。对于那些形状变化了的阶,可根据其特点加 以表示,如图 8可称为 2. 2(斜) /1复式搭口。
2. 2/1复式搭口的立体形状如图 5。
实施例 6.加包容销活塞环实施例(参见困 22至图 24)
所谓包容销是指这样的销, 通过加一个把活塞环槽和环的开口端 隙都包容在内的铕而改变端隙部位的形状,使之形成复式搭口结构,达 到无漏泄通道密封的目的。
在活塞环槽上钻一个孔,孔中先放入一个弹簧,再插入一个与之精 密配合的圆柱形密封销, 受孔底弹簧力作用销的外端紧貼紅壁。 在销 的外端开有两个左右对称又互不相通的槽, 宽度与环槽相等并与环槽 对接在相同平面上。 活塞环两端分别嵌入左右销槽中与销槽之间形成 复式搭口而没漏泄通道。 其结构如图 22,其中各标号分别表示:(8)— 活塞、(9)一弹簧、(10)—密封销、(11 )—活塞环。 塔口部位横切面上的 型线如图 23。
它与前述阶梯形搭口不同的是,它相当于拐了弯,主密封面移动到 孔壁面上的情况。 很明显, 由于密封销的存在,改善了活塞环开口处的薄弱状态,具 有特殊意义。
包容销可制成一与活塞环宽度相当而与环端径向阶梯相配合省去 弹簧的情况, 形如图 24,销对缸壁的贴合力靠环端弹力提供,使结构簡 化。
包容销密封系统主要用于活塞环在环槽中不旋转的场合, 如扫气 式二行程内燃机。其使用材料可与环的材料相同,也可以不同。为了便 于磨合使其对缸壁的磨损均一化, 可切出上下台肩如图 22中(12)所 指。
实施例 7.互补销实施例(参见图 25至图 28)
所谓互补销是指这样一种密封销, 在复式搭口密封件(环)端隙处 嵌入一个与搭口形状对应的销块, 使其对密封件两端都形成复式搭口 结构。 最简单的一种如图 25,图中各标号分别表示:(13)活塞环,(14 ) 销块。 销块在环端弹力作用下保持与缸壁贴合。 销块的材料可选择较 硬的材料, 如用氮化硅制成,它硬而耐磨,有很強的环端保护作用, 对 保持整个圆周弹力的良好分布有重要的作用。 互补销和环是可在槽中 旋转的。
图 25至图 28是互补销的儿种结构。其中图 26是背面加弹簧的互 补销。
实施例 8.各种典型复式搭口的结构实例
( 1 ) 2. 2/1水平双扣榫形复式搭口,它的搭接面型线如图(7 ),其 特点是由水平线^三段垂直线交替连接而成,中间形成两个水平榫口, 具有水平扣合的作用。
( 2) 2. 2(斜) /1、复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图(8),也即图(1 )中的 型线 a。 特别是一条直线,立体形状是一个斜面。 加工比较简单。
( 3) 2. 2/1横向燕尾榫形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图(9),有昉 止搭口两端上下镨位的作用。
( 4) 2. 2/1四分之一圆周孤形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图(10), 特点是搭口两端可上下镨动。
(5) 2. 2/1大于四分之一圆周孤形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 11 ,特点是有限制搭口两端垂直和水平镨位的作用。 (6) 2. 2/1勾榫复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 12,特点是有控制搭 口两端水平镨位的作用。
( 7) 2. 2/1下斜燕尾榫形复式搭口,,其搭接面型线如图 13,特点 是只有一部分控制搭接面两端水平镨动的作用。
(8) 2. 2/1水平向圆孤榫形复式搭口,,其搭接面型线如图 14,特点 是有控制搭口两端上下镨位的作用。
( 9) 4. 2/2/2/1竖向中凸榫形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 15有 控制搭口两端水平镨位的作用。
( 10) 4. 2/2/2/1阶梯形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 16特点是由 四列阶梯形搭口组成,左边三列各有两个台阶,右边一列只一个台阶。
( 11 ) 2. 2/1阶梯形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 17、特点是有控制 搭口两端上下镨动的作用。
( 12) 2. 2/1倒角复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 18、特点是只有部分 控制搭口两端镨动的作用。
( 13) 2. 2/1直角斜榫形复式搭口,其搭面型线如图 19、特别是有控 制搭口两端上下左右镨动的作用。
( 14 ) 4. 2/2/2/1叉榫形复式搭口,其搭面型线如图 20,特点是有 完全控制搭口两端上下左右镨位的作用。
(15) 3. 2/2/1横向凸榫形复式搭口,其搭接面型线如图 21,特点是 有完全控制搭口两端上下左右镨位的作用。
( 16)有弹簧互补销的密封糸统(图 26),销的形状刚好与活塞环开 口处两端形成 2. 2/1的阶梯形复式搭口关糸,由于块的大头朝内无活 塞环的弹力作用, 为确保其对缸壁的紧密贴合, 特在大头背面加一弹 簧。 图中(15)是活塞环,(16)是活塞,(17)是弹簧(18)是销块。
( 17) T形互补销密封糸统,形如图 27,其特点是不要弹簧,销块对 活塞环端的补强作用最为显著。 图中(19)是活塞环,(20)是 Τ形销块。
( 18)插板形互补销密封糸统,形如图 28,图中(21 )是活塞环,(22) 是插板形销块。 靠活塞环开口端弹力与缸壁贴合,不另加弹簧。
工业应用性
现有内燃机中活塞环开口部漏泄损失平均 5 %, 活塞环对缸壁的 摩擦损失 7— 12%, 实验证明采用本发明的密封糸统后可降低油耗 8%左右,环的寿命可提高五倍以上,即降低漏泄损失至 1 %左右,减少 活塞环对缸壁的摩擦损失至 4. 5%以下。 它为制造单环活塞发动机创 迨了先决条件。 (这里的"单环"是指气环,即只要一道气环的内燃机。) 因而,基本实现了本发明的发明目的。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种机械密封装置, 它包括采用密封件、相对滑动件和相对静 止件,其特征在于:
a.上述密封件开口处分为多列阶梯形的复式搭口,或者, b.上述密封件开口处呈密封销嵌入结构,
c上述方案 a和上述方案 b的多道重复和交叉组合结构。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述机械密封装置,其特征在于上述复式搭口 是指这样一种搭口, 其密封件搭口位于两主密封面是的端隙呈无漏泄 通道的死角, 其搭接面的型线在其搭接段的横切面内是一条由一个主 密封面上一点到另一个主密封面上一点的连线, 其被搭接段分隔成的 相邻两部分端隙之间始终保持着互不相连的距离。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述机械密封装置,其特征在于上述密封铕嵌 入结构是指这样一种结枸, 即在上述密封件开口处嵌入一个动配合的 密封销,使密封件开口两端与销之间枸成复式搭口结枸。
4. 一种机械密封件制造方法, 它包括采用密封件浇铸、精加工等 工艺,其特征在于:
a.多个窄环組合为一套或一个密封件,即,先按搭接面型线精密地 加工制成有相应搭接面形状的窄环,然后酸洗电镀一层铜,再按整体设 计的形状组合起来作扩散焊接, 最后对整环的外圆和径向平面精磨成 密封件,或者,
b.整环切削加工成一个密封件,即,先用靠模对粗加工开了口的毛 坯向两端分别加工出搭口处的搭接面, 然后在圆模内紧合状态下加工 环背,外圓精麿,热定形,或者,
c分别加工柱形销槽口及隔板, 即,先加工出未开槽的柱形销,然 后在精密夹具上定位后加工出相通的槽, 再于中线处切一个与隔界等 宽的槽并于槽中嵌入一片静配合的隔板, 最后精麿销头配合面即得到 所需互不相通的对称槽口,或者, d.柱形销两件組合法,即,先在一个柱形项面上铣出与复式搭口密 封件的端部形状相配合的榫口形状,再切下项部一块柱片,又把该柱片 反转烊接在销头上并精加工项面, 从而制成与复式搭口密封件精密配 合的柱形铕。
5. 单环发动机和单环压缩机, 其特征在于只用一道上述密封件达 到密封目的,并由此使发动机的性能优化。 如可靠性提高,重量体积减 小,能耗降低等等。
一 1〗 一
PCT/CN1994/000053 1993-07-01 1994-06-30 Dispositif d'etancheite et son procede de production WO1995001523A1 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7066719B2 (en) * 2004-07-03 2006-06-27 Honeywell International, Inc. Bore and shaft assembly
US7484932B2 (en) 2004-07-03 2009-02-03 Honeywell International, Inc. Bore and shaft assembly
US7563079B2 (en) 2004-07-03 2009-07-21 Honeywell International, Inc. Bore and shaft assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7119794A (en) 1995-01-24
CN1040354C (zh) 1998-10-21
CN1084942A (zh) 1994-04-06

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