WO1995000726A1 - Structure de toit en tole ondulee - Google Patents

Structure de toit en tole ondulee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995000726A1
WO1995000726A1 PCT/CN1994/000052 CN9400052W WO9500726A1 WO 1995000726 A1 WO1995000726 A1 WO 1995000726A1 CN 9400052 W CN9400052 W CN 9400052W WO 9500726 A1 WO9500726 A1 WO 9500726A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
corrugated
air
board
holes
roof structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1994/000052
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chihshu Huang
Original Assignee
Chihshu Huang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chihshu Huang filed Critical Chihshu Huang
Priority to BR9407341A priority Critical patent/BR9407341A/pt
Priority to AU71196/94A priority patent/AU681679B2/en
Publication of WO1995000726A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995000726A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1643—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure being formed by load bearing corrugated sheets, e.g. profiled sheet metal roofs
    • E04D13/165—Double skin roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/24—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like
    • E04D3/30—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F24F5/0092—Systems using radiation from walls or panels ceilings, e.g. cool ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/10—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with air supply, or exhaust, through perforated wall, floor or ceiling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a corrugated building board (corrugated board) roof structure.
  • corrugated construction boards are mostly used in temporary buildings or permanent factory buildings, especially in recent years, more and more corrugated boards are made of a variety of materials, such as the common ones: plastic , Galvanized paint steel plate, etc. Due to its lower price, it has become more and more widely used. Corrugated construction boards are used as the covering material for building constructions ranging from ordinary homes to tens of thousands of square meters. However, because of its poor thermal insulation effect, most of them are used for wind and rain protection.
  • the waste heat and exhaust gas in the plant can be discharged out of the plant through the skylight to improve the indoor air quality and reduce the indoor temperature.
  • it is still necessary to install an extraction machine to increase the exhaust gas and waste heat emission rate. In this way, it not only increases the difficulties in construction, but also increases costs. Consumption of energy.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a corrugated building board (wave board) roof structure, which can not only protect from wind and rain, but also have functions such as heat insulation, heat dissipation, and exhaust.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by proposing a corrugated building board roof structure, which comprises an upper corrugated board, a lower corrugated board and a plurality of spacers, and the directions of the peaks and troughs of the spacers and the corrugated board are basically It is vertically arranged between the upper and lower corrugated boards to form an air interlayer between the upper and lower corrugated boards.
  • the upper corrugated board is provided with a plurality of air circulation holes.
  • a plurality of air circulation holes can also be provided on the lower corrugated plate, and The crests and troughs of the upper and lower corrugated plates are staggered.
  • the corrugated building board roof structure and construction method of the present invention are designed according to the insulation property of air itself and the principle of heat exchange of gas, and the nature of air convection caused by the rise of heat when air is heated. They were also inspired by their ancestors. In the era when technology was still underdeveloped, they knew how to cover the roof with thatch to prevent wind and rain. They used thatch to cover the roof layer by layer, so that the water moved along the thatch. The eaves flow from high to low without leaking into the house, and the hot air and exhaust gas in the house rise from the thatched pores to the outside of the roof.
  • the present invention uses the above-mentioned principle to design the following structure.
  • the corrugated building board is covered with upper and lower floors, and horizontal partitions are provided for air sandwiches with appropriate gaps between the two floors.
  • Orderly perforations on the lower two-layer board that is, several hole structures for air convection.
  • the holes in the upper and lower plates must be staggered.
  • the hot air and exhaust gas in the house rise through the holes to the outside of the roof.
  • the air that is heated due to the temperature rise must convect with the atmosphere outside the corrugated boards, and generally the roof takes slope Shaped construction can accelerate the air flow in the atmosphere, accelerate the convection, and achieve a good effect of heat exchange.
  • the structure and construction method of the present invention use air itself as a heat exchange medium, so that in the corrugated board sandwich, the air inside and outside the gray house is heated, and the hot and cold air convection is generated due to the rise of the hot air to realize the corrugated building. Multi-function of heat insulation, heat dissipation and exhaust of the board. Therefore, as long as it is a wave-shaped building board, no matter what material it is made of, it can be applied to the structure and construction method of the present invention. In order to avoid rain, heat insulation, exhaust, heat dissipation. Brief description of the drawings
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a corrugated building panel roof structure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of spacers between two layers of corrugated boards
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the corrugated board roof structure
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a corrugated building panel roof structure
  • FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the corrugated plate in FIG. 5;
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the corrugated board roof structure of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of a roof structure of a corrugated building panel
  • FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view of the corrugated plate in FIG. 8;
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view of the corrugated plate in Figure 8; 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a corrugated building panel roof structure. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • the invention utilizes the insulation of air and the convection of heat to rise, and innovates the corrugated board roof structure to make the physical changes of air "convection" to achieve the effects of heat insulation, heat dissipation, and waste heat and exhaust emissions.
  • the corrugated plate used in the present invention is not limited to any shape, and the holes are not limited in size and shape; if only heat insulation is used, the structure of the holes may not be left.
  • the second layer is directly covered, and a horizontal partition is sandwiched between the upper and lower layers, so that there is a gap between the upper and lower corrugated boards, and the insulation of the air can be used to achieve heat insulation.
  • Figure 3 ⁇ 4 is shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a double-layer corrugated board roof structure.
  • the holes 3 and 6 on the upper and lower floors are laid in a staggered manner.
  • the crests 5 on the upper floor are the troughs 2 on the lower floor.
  • a horizontal partition 7 is sandwiched between the upper and lower corrugated boards, so as to maintain a proper gap between the upper and lower corrugated boards for air convection.
  • the rain falls on the upper corrugated plate, and most of it flows into the trough 4 and is discharged.
  • a small part drips into the lower corrugated plate through the hole 6 on the crest, and the peak of the upper corrugated plate is exactly opposite the valley of the lower corrugated plate.
  • Rainwater is naturally drained from the valleys of the lower corrugated board, but will not flow into the house (inside the factory) through the holes on the peaks of the lower corrugated board. Of course, the remaining hole structure will not affect the effect of the corrugated board from rain.
  • the hole 6 flows into the mezzanine, and then flows from the upper hole 3 into the atmosphere.
  • This circulation (see the convection situation in Figure 3 ) can promote the air in the house (factory) to be kept fresh, and to achieve heat insulation, heat dissipation and emissions.
  • One of the specific solutions of the present invention is: if only the purpose of heat insulation and heat dissipation is achieved, the The corrugated building board on the first floor (lower floor) is not perforated, and is fixed in the same way as the corrugated board. The difference is that when the board is fixed, a horizontal spacer is fixed on the board with nails or screws of the same size, and the material of the spacer is not limited.
  • the upper floor For the second floor, the upper floor, it is also fixed, and a certain gap is maintained between the upper and lower corrugated building boards for air convection. Before the structure of the upper corrugated board is fixed, it should be perforated with appropriate spacing for air convection.
  • the number of holes that is, the density of the holes, can be determined according to the size of the holes and the condition that is sufficient for air convection (the heat insulation effect is also available but the effect is poor).
  • This construction method is one of the embodiments of the present invention. It is characterized in that the bottom layer has no perforated structure and will not leak under the rain. Therefore, the method for retaining the holes in the upper layer is in principle that the holes are punched on the crests of the corrugated board. (See Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4). Holes can also be punched in the troughs.
  • the hot air is discharged out through the holes, and the cooler air in the atmosphere continuously flows into the two-layer board, and the heat insulation can be achieved by reciprocating in this way.
  • heat dissipation when the sun goes down and the atmospheric temperature gradually decreases, the temperature of the upper corrugated plate also decreases, and the temperature of the air layer between the two plates is still higher.
  • the convection is reciprocated in this way, the temperature of the bottom plate must follow It descends and passes to the air layer between the two-layer board, and then convection phenomenon occurs. In this endless cycle, the effect of heat insulation and heat dissipation can be achieved.
  • This construction method and the manufactured roof structure are more suitable for general homes or offices. And factories with air-conditioning equipment.
  • the second specific solution of the present invention is: a roof structure having three effects such as heat insulation, heat dissipation, and exhaust simultaneously.
  • the upper and lower two-story corrugated building slabs are orderedly perforated.
  • the hole spacing should be enough to stagger the holes left by the upper and lower two-story panels as standard. This will not cause rainwater to drip from the holes in the upper layer to the holes in the lower layer, and thus flow into the house or the factory building.
  • the first layer that is, the bottom plate and the same method as described in Scheme 1, should be added with a spacer, and the spacer and the corrugated board should be fixed at the same time. Note that the spacer should be placed between the two holes and not blocked.
  • the holes left on the upper and lower boards are the principle, and then a second layer of corrugated boards (upper layers) with holes are laid and fixed. At this time, it should be noted that the holes left must not be blocked by the bars.
  • the upper and lower two-story corrugated construction boards fixed in this way have proper space between the two-story boards due to the sandwich between the two-story boards. The interval can be sufficient for air convection, and the principle of heat insulation is the same as that described in the previous scheme.
  • the principle of heat dissipation and exhaust is also the theory of air convection. That is, when the waste hot air in the plant rises to the roof, it flows from the holes of the corrugated board into the two-layer board.
  • the hot air in the plant is It will rise and enter the air layer between the second floor, so that the temperature of the air between the second floor will increase with the entry of hot air in the factory building, and these high-temperature air will enter the atmosphere from the upper floor holes, so the circulation is endless:
  • the cool and fresh air can be kept in the factory building, and the waste heat, harmful gases and mixed air in the factory building can be discharged smoothly and easily from the factory building.
  • the advantages and effects of the present invention are not only to provide a multi-functional roof structure with corrugated building boards, it is important that the structure does not need to add any other materials and facilities, and does not need to consume energy. It can be achieved only by the clever design of its structure. Keeping indoors and workshops clean and cool, fresh air, and maintaining a healthy and good working environment is beneficial to improving work efficiency and production efficiency. In addition, different methods can be used for the same building material, so that it can play the multi-functional role of the corrugated board in rain, heat insulation, heat dissipation, and exhaust.
  • FIG. 1 it is one of the methods for laying a double-layer wave-shaped building board, and the reference numerals 3 and 6 in the figure respectively indicate an upper board and a lower board.
  • the holes on the board are located on the crest 1 of the corrugated board.
  • the upper and lower corrugated boards are laid side by side.
  • the crest 5 of the upper board corresponds to the trough 2 of the lower board, and the trough 4 of the upper board. It is facing wave 1 of the lower plate.
  • a spacer 7 is sandwiched between the upper and lower layers of panels to maintain a proper gap between the upper and lower corrugated plates for air convection.
  • the partition 7 is substantially perpendicular to the crests and troughs of the corrugated plate.
  • Numeral 8 is a nail or a screw for fixing the horizontal partition and the corrugated board.
  • the convection in Figure 3 promotes the air in the house and the factory to be kept fresh and to achieve thermal insulation.
  • the holes 3 and 6 for generating air convection are provided in the trough 4 of the corrugated plate.
  • the peripheral edges 11 and 12 protruding upward are respectively arranged around the holes of the upper and lower corrugated plates.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show another embodiment of the present invention, which is provided with a cap on each air circulation hole.
  • the top of the cap has a top cover, and the lateral periphery has an opening for air circulation. In this way, it further prevents rainwater from entering through the holes, while ensuring that air can flow smoothly.
  • Fig. 11 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the crests of the corrugated plate have a trapezoidal or rectangular cross section.
  • a series of arch-shaped ridges are formed along with the corrugated plate.
  • a crack is formed at both ends of the ridge, that is, at the edge of the crest of the crest, and the crack is used as an air circulation hole.
  • the corrugated board used in the roof structure of the present invention can be formed at one time without special drilling.

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Description

波纹建筑板屋顶结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种波纹建筑板 （浪板） 屋顶结构。
目前一般临时建筑物或永久性的厂房建筑等均多采用波紋建筑板， 特别是近年来， 越来越多的波纹板是由多种多样的材料制成的， 比如常 见的就有： 塑料的、 镀锌烤漆钢板等制成的。 由于其价格的降低， 使用 也愈加广泛， 小至一般家庭建筑的增建， 大至数万平米的厂房， 均以此 波纹建筑板为其覆盖材料。 但因其对曰晒的隔热效果甚差， 多数为了防 风、 避雨使用。 如果为了起到隔热、 散热或排气之用， 还需借助于其他 的隔热材料， 比如： 木屑板、 蔗板、 PU板 （化学材料） 等等， 而为了排 除屋内之废热气， 常常还要借助冷气机、 排风扇或空调等电器或机器之 效力加以解决。 这很浪费能源， 而且面积较大厂房无法实现装设空调， 因而厂房内的空气、 环境均较差， 厂内机械的使用或产品制造产生的热 能与尘埃等无法散发与排出， 反被隔热材料隔绝而滞留厂房内。 因此厂 房大部分均在屋脊处加设屋顶突出物之结构， 以便装设天窗。 使厂房内 的废热和废气通过天窗排出厂房外， 以此改善室内空气品质及降低屋内 温度。 但是往往由于厂区辽阔， 排气效果有限， 仍需加装抽气机器增加 废气、 废热的排放速度。 这样， 既增加了施工上的困难， 又要提高成本. 消耗能源。
为此， 建筑业一直在研究建材中隔热的方法， 曾设计过许多种隔热 材料， 并得以实施。 然而对于波纹建筑板之隔热差的缺点， 却一直没有 适当的措施来克 11。 发明的公开
为此， 本发明的目的是提出一种波纹建筑板 （浪板） 屋顶结构， 它 既能防风避雨， 又有隔热、 散热以及排气等功能。
本发明的目的是这样实现的， 即提出一种波纹建筑板屋顶结构， 它 包括一上层波紋板、 一下层波纹板和若干隔条， 所述的隔条与波纹板的 波峰和波谷的走向基本垂直地设置在上、 下层波纹板之间以在上、 下层 波纹板之间形成一空气夹层， 所述的上层波纹板上设有多个空气流通的 孔洞。
根据本发明， 还可以在下层波紋板上也设置多个空气流通孔道， 并 且上、 下层波紋板的波峰和波谷错开设置。
本发明之波紋建筑板屋顶构造及施工方法是根据空气本身的绝缘性 及气体的热交换原理和空气遇热上升产生气体对流的性质来设计的。 还 受到祖先的启发， 他们夺科技尚不发达之年代里， 就懂得用茅草覆盖屋 顶， 以达防风避雨之效果， 用一根根的茅草去一层层的覆盖房顶， 使水 沿茅草从高往低流下房檐， 而不会渗漏到屋内， 而屋内之热空气及废气 上升又可由茅草之孔隙向屋顶外排放出去。 本发明则利用上述的原理， 设计了如下结构， 将波纹建筑板覆盖成上、 下二层， 为使二层间留有适 当之空隙的空气夹层而设置有横向的隔条， 且在上、 下二层板上有序的 打孔， 即设置若干个使空气对流的孔洞构造。 为了使雨水无法从孔洞流 入屋内， 而是顺着高处往低处流至房檐排出。 因此， 上下两层板的孔洞 要错开。 而屋内的热空气及废气上升又可由孔洞向屋顶外排出。 将上下 两层波纹板间留有一定的空隙， 使其间的空气因受太阳的照射而温度上 升， 这些由于温度上升而发热的空气必然与波紋板外面的大气产生对流, 而且一般屋顶多采取斜坡形施工， 就更能加速大气中空气的流动， 促使 对流加速， 达到热交换的良好效果。
本发明之结构与施工法系利用空气本身为热交换媒介， 使之在波纹 板夹层中以灰屋内、 外的空气遇热后， 由于热空气上升而产生冷热空气 对流的特性， 实现波纹建筑板的隔热、 散热、 排气之多功能作用。 因此, 只要是波浪形状的建筑板材， 不论它是由何种材质构成的， 均可适用于 本发明的结构与施工方法。 以达到避雨、 隔热、 排气、 散热之用途。 附图的简要说明
图 1 是波紋建筑板屋顶结构一实施例的立体图；
图 2 是两层波纹板之间的隔条设置的示意图；
图 3 是图 1 所示实施例的横向剖面图；
图 4 是该波纹板屋顶结构的纵向剖面图；
图 5 是波纹建筑板屋顶结构另一实施例的立体图；
图 6 是图 5 中的波纹板的局部放大视图；
图 7 是图 5 波紋板屋顶结构的纵向剖面图；
图 8 是波纹建筑板屋顶结构的又一实施例的立体图；
图 9 是图 8 中的波紋板的局部放大视图；
. 图 10是图 8 中的波纹板的剖面图； 图 11是波纹建筑板屋顶结构的另一个实施例的立体图。 实施本发明的最佳方式
下面结构附图说明本发明之设计思想与具体方案：
本发明系利用空气之绝缘性， 遇热上升之对流性， 在波紋板屋顶构 造上予以创新， 使造成空气之物理性变化 "对流作用" 以达成隔热、 散 热、 及废热、 废气排放之功效， 本发明使用之波纹板不限任何形状， 孔 洞亦不限大小形状； 若仅隔热时， 可不留孔洞之构造。 施工时， 直接覆 盖二层， 并于上、 下二层间夹横向的隔条， 使上、 下二层波纹板间有间 隙， 可利用空气之绝缘性达到隔热作用。 若仅在上层波紋板留有孔洞构 造时， 则不但可利用空气绝缘性， 还可以利用空气遇热上升之对流性， 产生对流作用， 从而提高隔热效果。 若上、 下二层均留有孔洞构造时， 因空气之对流作用， 即可达成屋内废气之排放效果。 现以图例 ¾明， 图 1 所示是双层波纹板屋顶结构的一个实施例， 上、 下二层之孔洞 3、 6系 采用错开方式铺设， 上层的波峰 5之正下方为下层的波谷 2, 上、 下两层 波紋板间夹有横向的隔条 7, 以使上、 下两层波纹板间保持有适当之间 隙， 以供空气对流之用。 当下雨时， 雨水降在上层波纹板上， 大部分均 流入波谷 4而排泄， 小部分则经波峰上的孔洞 6滴入下层波纹板， 而上层 波纹板之波峰正好对着下层波紋板之波谷， 雨水自然就由下层波紋板之 波谷排泄， 而不会由下层波紋板之波峰上的孔洞流入屋内 （厂内） 。 当 然所留之孔洞构造即不会影响波紋板避雨之效果。 当出太阳时， 太阳晒 在上层波纹板上， 使上层波纹板温度升高， 上层波纹板之温度必然会传 导到上、 下二层间的空气， 使上、 下二层间的空气温度亦相对的升高， 由于波紋板之使用均采取斜坡方式覆盖屋顶， 会促使该空气产生流动， 而大气中的空气则保持环境温度， 因此二层波紋板间之空气温度必然要 比大气温度高， 便会由孔洞 3 流入大气中产生对流现象以平衡大气温度 与波紋板间空气之温度， 同时屋内之热空气上升亦同样较波纹板间空气 温度为高， 因此也会产生对流， 由下层波紋板之孔洞 6 流入夹层中， 再 从上层孔洞 3流入大气中， 如此循环不已 （请见图 3之对流情形） ， 便可 促使屋 （厂） 内之空气保持清新， 并达隔热、 散热及排放废热气之目的; 又若上、 下二层波紋板之空气对流孔洞错开时， 其空气对流之情形见图 4 箭头所示方向， 即为空气流通之方向。
本发明的具体方案之一是： 若仅达到隔热、 散热之目的时， 可以将 第一层（下层）的波紋建筑板不打孔洞， 与波紋板的一般施 法相同， 将 其固定。 不同的是在固定该板同时， 要以同一大小钉子或螺丝在板上加 固定横向隔条， 隔条的材质不限。 对于第二层即上层施工时， 亦将其固 定， 并使上下两层波紋建筑板保持一定的间隙， 以供空气对流之用。 上 层波紋板之构造系在其固定之前， 应先对其取适当的间距打孔洞， 以供 空气对流之用。 孔洞数量的多少， 即孔的密度， 可根据孔的大小以及足 以供空气对流之情况而决定 （未经打孔施工亦有隔热效果， 但其效果较 差）， 经打完孔洞构造的波纹板， 再盖于底层之上（并与底层留有一定的 间隙） 并将此上层板固定。 该施工方法， 是本发明的实施方案之一， 它 的特点是底层并未打孔洞构造， 不致于有雨水漏下， 因此对于上层孔洞 的留法原则上孔洞打在波纹板之波峰上为宜（见图 1、 2、 3、 4中所示）。 孔洞也可打在波谷上， 见图 5、 6、 7的实施例所示， 固定之方式均不受 任何限制， 即或下雨时， 雨水部分由上层经孔洞流入底层， 再由底层流 入集水槽排掉。 当日晒时， 则上层板先吸热， 再传到上下二层间的空气 层， 促使空气层温度升高， 此时该层温度一定比上层之外的大气温度高 , 又由于波紋板为斜坡状， 促使大气流动而产生冷热空气对流， 则热空 气上升， 冷空气下降。 因此， 使之经由孔洞往外排出的为热空气， 而大 气之较冷的空气又不断的流入二层板之间， 如此往复循环， 即可达到隔 热之目的。 至于散热， 则当太阳下山、 大气温度逐渐下降， 上层波纹板 之温度亦随之下降， 二层板间的空气层温度仍较大气温度高， 如此往复 循环对流时， 底层板的温度必随之下降， 传给二层板之间的空气层， 再 产生对流现象， 如此循环不已， 便可实现隔热、 散热之效果， 此种施工 方法与制成的屋顶结构， 较适宜于一般家庭或办公室以及有空调设备的 厂房。
本发明的具体方案之二是： 同时具有隔热、 散热、 排气等三种效果 的屋顶结构。 施工前先将上下二层波紋形建筑板做有序的打孔 ^的构造, 其孔洞洞距则以上下二层板所留之孔洞应足以错开为标准。 这样不致使 雨水从上层孔洞滴落到下层孔洞处， 因而流入屋内或厂房内。 施工前还 应先将第一层即底层板与方案一所述相同的方法加隔条， 并使隔条与波 紋板同时固定， 注意隔条应放置于两个孔洞之间， 并以不堵塞上下两层 板所留之孔洞为原则， 然'后再铺上已经打好孔洞的第二层波紋板（上层）, 并固定之。 此时仍应注意所留孔洞不能被横条所堵塞。 这样固定的上下 二层波紋建筑板， 因在其二层板间夹有隔条， 而使二层板之间产生适当 的间隔， 可足以供空气的对流， 其隔热之原理与前一方案所述相同。 而 其散热与排气之道理亦为空气对流之理论。 即当厂房内废热空气上升至 屋顶时， 即由波紋板之孔洞流入二层板之间， 因为二板之间的空气与外 界大气相互对流， 故与大气温度相近， 所以厂房内之热空气即会上升而 进入二层之间的空气层， 使二板层间的空气温度随厂房内之热空气的进 入而升高， 这些高温空气又由上层板孔洞进入到大气中， 如此循环不已: 则使厂房内即可保持凉爽、 新鲜之空气， 又使厂房内废热、 有害健康的 气体、 混蚀的空气， 均可非常顺畅而容易的排出厂房之外。
本发明的优点和效果是不仅提供了一种波纹建筑板材多功能屋顶结 构， 重要的是该结构不需增加任何其他材料与设施， 也不需消耗能源， 仅从其结构的巧妙设计， 即可以使室内、 厂房内保持清洁凉爽、 空气新 鲜、 维护健康的良好工作环境， 有益于提高工作效力及生产效率。 而且 能够对同一种建筑材料， 使用了不同方法， 使其发挥出波紋板的避雨、 隔热、 散热、 排气等多功能的作用。
本发明的实施例可结合附图加以说明： 实施例之一： 见图 1 所示， 它是双层波浪形建筑板铺设方法之一， 图中的标号 3与 6分别示出上层板 与下层板上的孔洞位置， 孔洞位于波纹板的波峰 1 上， 上、 下波纹板是 左右错开方式铺设的， 上层板的波峰 5 所对应的正下方为下层板的波谷 2, 而上层板之波谷 4又正对下层板之波峰 1。 在上下两层板间夹有隔条 7, 以使上下两层波紋板间保持有适当的间隙， 以供空气对流之用。 隔 条 7与波纹板的波峰和波谷的走向大体垂直。 标号 8为固定横向的隔条与 波纹板之钉子或螺丝钉。 当下雨时， 雨水降在上层板上后， 其中绝大部 分均流入波谷 4处而排泄掉了， 而小部分则经波峰上的孔洞 3滴入下层板, 因上层板的波峰 5正好对着下层的波谷 2， 雨水自然就由下层板之波谷 2 处排泄掉， 而不会由下层板的孔洞 6 流入屋内或厂内， 显然所留之孔洞 构造并不会影响波纹板避雨之效果。 当太阳晒时， 首先晒.在上层板上， 使上层板温度升高， 并其温度必然传导到上下二层间的空气层中， 使二 层间的温度亦相对升高， 由于波纹板使用时均采用斜坡方式覆盖屋顶， 将会促使大气产生流动， 大气中的冷空气与由孔洞 3 流入大气中的热空 气产生对流现象， 与此同时屋内的热空气与二层板间的空气也会产生对 流。 即由下层板之孔洞 6流入二层板间夹层中， 再从上层孔洞 3流入大气 中， 如此循环不已， 可见图 3 中的对流情形， 便促使屋内、 厂内之空气 保持清新， 达到隔热、 散热及排气之目的。 在图 5〜图 7所示的实施例中， 使空气产生对流的孔洞 3和 6设置在波 紋板的波谷 4中。 为了避免水从孔洞中漏下， 在上、 下层波紋板的各孔 洞的周围分别设置了向上凸起的周缘 11和 12。
图 8〜图 10所示为本发明的另一个实施例， 它在每个空气流通孔洞 上设置了一个盖帽。 盖帽的顶部有一顶盖， 侧向周缘有供空气流通的开 口。 这样， 它进一步防止了雨水以孔洞中进入， 同时又保证了空气可以 顺畅地流通。
图 11所示为本发明的又一个实施例。 该实施例中， 波紋板的波峰具 有梯形或矩形截面， 在波峰之平顶上， 随同波紋板一起模制成形出一系 列拱形的隆起。 隆起的两侧端， 即波峰平顶的边沿处形成裂孔， 该裂孔 即作为空气流通孔洞。 这样， 本发明的屋顶结构所用的波纹板可一次成 型， 而无需专门再打孔。
可以理解， 本领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明精神和范围内可以作 出各种改动和变型。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种波纹建筑板屋顶结构，
其特征在于 它包括一上层波紋板、 一下层波纹板和若干隔条， 所 述的隔条与波紋板的波峰和波谷的走向基本垂直地设置在上、 下层波纹 板之间以在上、 下层波紋板之间形成一空气夹层， 所述的上层波纹板上 设有多个空气流通的孔洞。
2. 如权利.要求 1 所述的波紋建筑板屋顶结构，
其特征在于 所述的下层波纹板上也设有多个空气流通孔道， 并且 上、 下层波纹板的波峰和波谷错开设置。
3 . 如权利要求 1或 2所述的波紋建筑板屋顶结构，
其特征在于 所述的孔洞设置在波紋板的波峰上。
4. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的波纹建筑板屋顶结构，
其特征在于 所述的孔洞设置在波纹板的波谷中， 并且在孔洞的周 围有向上凸起的周缘。
5. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的波紋建筑板屋顶结构，
其特征在于 所述的孔洞上设有盖帽， 盖帽的上端有一顶盖， 侧向 周围有供空气流通的开口。
6. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的波紋建筑板屋顶结构，
其特征在于 所述的波纹板的波峰上制有多个隆起， 所述的孔洞形 成于该隆起的两侧端。
PCT/CN1994/000052 1993-06-28 1994-06-28 Structure de toit en tole ondulee WO1995000726A1 (fr)

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CN103921656A (zh) * 2014-04-17 2014-07-16 宁波世通汽车零部件有限公司 挡雨的汽车天窗

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CN109252623B (zh) * 2018-11-09 2020-11-10 东莞金积研环境科技有限公司 综合性能的建筑盖板的材料构造改善
CN114293697A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-08 韶关市新城兴建筑工程有限公司 一种绿色生态环保屋顶及其施工方法
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CN1097035A (zh) 1995-01-04
AU7119694A (en) 1995-01-17
AU681679B2 (en) 1997-09-04
BR9407341A (pt) 1996-10-08

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