WO1994024500A1 - Procede et installation de refroidissement d'un fluide, notamment pour la liquefaction de gaz naturel - Google Patents
Procede et installation de refroidissement d'un fluide, notamment pour la liquefaction de gaz naturel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994024500A1 WO1994024500A1 PCT/FR1994/000380 FR9400380W WO9424500A1 WO 1994024500 A1 WO1994024500 A1 WO 1994024500A1 FR 9400380 W FR9400380 W FR 9400380W WO 9424500 A1 WO9424500 A1 WO 9424500A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- stage
- cooling
- liquid
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 76
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 among others Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- LWSYSCQGRROTHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane;propane Chemical compound CC.CCC LWSYSCQGRROTHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
- F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
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- F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
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- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/78—Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/60—Integration in an installation using hydrocarbons, e.g. for fuel purposes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the cooling of fluids, and applies in particular to the liquefaction of natural gas. It relates firstly to a process for cooling a fluid, in particular for liquefying natural gas, of the integral incorporated cascade type, in which a refrigerant mixture composed of constituents of different volatilities is compressed in at least two stages and, after at least each of the intermediate stages of compression, the mixture is partially condensed, at least some of the condensed fractions as well as the high pressure gas fraction being cooled, expanded, brought into heat exchange relationship with the fluid to be cooled and then compressed again .
- the pressures discussed below are absolute pressures.
- the refrigerant mixture consists of a certain number of fluids including, among others, nitrogen, hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, etc.
- the mixture is compressed, liquefied and then sub-cooled at the high pressure of the cycle which is generally between 20 and 50 bars.
- This liquefaction can be carried out in one or more stages with separation of the condensed liquid at each stage.
- the liquid or liquids obtained are, after their sub-cooling, expanded at the low pressure of the cycle, generally between 1.5 and 6 bars, and vaporized in counter-current of the natural gas to be liquefied and of the cycle gas to be cooled.
- the refrigerant mixture After reheating near room temperature, the refrigerant mixture is again compressed until the high pressure of the cycle.
- a fluid capable of condensing at room temperature at the high pressure of the cycle that is to say between ambient temperature (generally of the order of + 30 to + 40 ° C in regions producing natural gas) and an intermediate temperature of the order of - 20 to -40 ° C.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate the separate refrigeration cycle, and therefore to use a single compressor unit, that is to say a refrigeration cycle known as "with integral incorporated cascade", so as to make it possible to obtain both relatively specific process energy and relatively low investment.
- the invention relates to a cooling process of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the gas from the penultimate is distilled compression stage in a distillation apparatus, the head of which is cooled with a liquid having a temperature significantly below ambient temperature, in order to form on the one hand the condensate of this penultimate stage, and on the other hand a vapor phase which is sent at the last stage of compression.
- the "ambient temperature” will be defined as the thermodynamic reference temperature corresponding to the temperature of the cooling fluid (notably water) available on the site and used in the cycle, increased by the temperature difference that the it is fixed, by construction, at the outlet of the refrigerating machines (compressors, exchangers ). In practice, this difference is around 3 to 10 ° C, and preferably of the order of 5 to 8 ⁇ C.
- the cooling temperature of the head of the distillation apparatus (corresponding substantially to the temperature of the "liquid” acting for this purpose) will be between approximately 0 and 20 “C, and generally between 5 and 15 “C, for an” ambient temperature "(or inlet temperature in the exchange line) of the order of 15 to 45 ° C., and generally between 30 and 40 ° C.
- the head vapor of the distillation apparatus is cooled and partially condensed by heat exchange with at least the said expanded fractions, and the head of the distillation apparatus is cooled with the liquid phase thus obtained;
- At least part of the condensate from the first compression stage is pumped up to the outlet pressure from the second compression stage, and it is mixed with the gas from this second compression stage;
- a primary denitrogenation of the natural gas is carried out under its treatment pressure in an auxiliary column, part of the liquefied natural gas which has undergone is expanded to an intermediate pressure this primary denitrogenization, the liquid thus expanded is vaporized by cooling the head of the auxiliary column, which produces a combustible gas under intermediate pressure, this combustible gas is sent to a gas turbine driving the compressor, and the rest of the liquefied natural gas having undergone the primary denitrogenation as well as the overhead vapor of the auxiliary column in a denitrogenation column final under low pressure producing in tanks the nitrogenous liquefied natural gas intended to be stored.
- the subject of the invention is also an installation for cooling a fluid, in particular for liquefying natural gas, intended for the implementation of such a process.
- This installation of the type comprising a refrigeration circuit with integral incorporated cascade in which a refrigerant mixture circulates and which comprises a compressor with at least two stages, at least the intermediate stages of which are each provided with a refrigerant and a heat exchange line, is characterized in that it comprises a distillation apparatus supplied by the penultimate stage of the compressor and whose head is connected to the suction of the last stage of the compressor, and means for cooling the head of the apparatus distillation by means of a liquid having a temperature markedly below ambient temperature.
- the heat exchange line consists of two plate exchangers in series, in particular of the same length, connected to each other by end domes and optionally welded together end to end.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a natural gas liquefaction installation according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows schematically a variant of the cold part of the installation of Figure 1 or Figure 2;
- FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of another alternative installation according to the invention.
- the natural gas liquefaction installation represented in FIG. 1 essentially comprises: a single cycle compressor 1 with three stages 1A, 1B and 1C, each stage discharging, via a respective pipe 2A, 2B and 2C, into a respective refrigerant 3A , 3B and 3C cooled with sea water, this water typically having a temperature of the order of + 25 to + 35 "C; a pump 4; a distillation column 5 having a few theoretical plates; separator pots 6B, 6C, the top of which communicates respectively with the suction of stages 1B and 1C; a heat exchange line 7 comprising two exchangers in series, namely a "hot” exchanger 8 and a "cold” exchanger 9; an intermediate separator pot 10 ; an auxiliary coolant circuit 11; an auxiliary heat exchanger 12; a denitrogenation column 13; and a liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage 14.
- LNG lique
- the outlet of the refrigerant 3A opens into the separator 6, the bottom of which is connected to the suction of the pump 4, while the latter flows back into the pipe 2B.
- the outlet of the refrigerant 3B communicates with the tank of the column 5, and the bottom of the separator 6C is connected by gravity, via a siphon 15 and an adjustment valve 16, to the head of the column 5.
- the exchangers 8, 9 are parallelepipedic exchangers with aluminum plates possibly brazed, with counter-current circulation of the fluids in heat exchange relation, and have the same length. They each include the passages necessary to ensure the operation which will be described below.
- the refrigerant mixture consisting of C1 to C5 hydrocarbons and nitrogen, leaves the top (hot end) of the exchanger 8 in the gaseous state and arrives via a line 17 at the suction of the first stage of compressor 1A .
- first intermediate pressure PI typically of the order of 8 to 12 bars
- second intermediate pressure P2 typically of the order of 14 to 20 bars
- the liquid in the bottom of the column 5 constitutes a first cooling liquid, suitable for ensuring most of the cooling of the hot exchanger 8.
- this liquid is introduced laterally, via an inlet box 18, into the part upper side of this exchanger, sub-cooled in passages 19 to the cold end of the exchanger, at around -20 to -40 ° C., released laterally via an outlet box 20, expanded at the low pressure of the cycle, which is typically of the order of 2.5 to 3.5 bars, in an expansion valve 21, and reintroduced in two-phase form at the cold end of the same exchanger via a side box 22 and an appropriate distribution device, to be vaporized in the low pressure passages 23 of the exchanger.
- the overhead vapor of column 5 is cooled and partially condensed in passages 24 of exchanger 8 to an intermediate temperature significantly lower than ambient temperature, for example up to + 5 to + 10 "C, then introduced in the pot 6C.
- the liquid phase returns to reflux by gravity, via the siphon 15 and the valve 16, at the head of the column 5, while the vapor phase is compressed at the high pressure of the cycle, typically of the order of 40 bars, in 1C, then brought back to + 30 to + 40 , 'C in 3 C.
- This vapor phase is then cooled from the hot end to the cold end of the exchanger 8 in high pressure passages 25, and separated into two phases in 10.
- the refrigeration of the exchanger 9 is obtained by means of the high pressure fluid, as follows.
- the liquid collected at 10 is sub-cooled in the hot part of the exchanger 9, in passages 27, then taken out of the exchanger, expanded at low pressure in an expansion valve 28, reintroduced into the exchanger and vaporized in the hot part of the low pressure passages 29 thereof.
- the vapor phase from separator 10 is cooled, condensed and sub-cooled from the hot end to the cold end of the exchanger 9, and the liquid thus obtained is expanded at low pressure in an expansion valve 30, and reintroduced at the cold end of the exchanger to be vaporized in the cold part of the low pressure passages 29 and then combined with the expanded fluid at 28.
- the treated natural gas, arriving at around + 20 ⁇ C, after drying, via a pipe 31, is introduced laterally into the exchanger 8 and cooled to the cold end of the latter in passages 32.
- natural gas is sent to an apparatus 33 for removing C2 to C5 hydrocarbons, and the remaining mixture, consisting essentially of methane and nitrogen, with a small amount of ethane and propane, is divided into two streams: a first stream, cooled, liquefied and sub-cooled from the hot end to the cold end of the auxiliary exchanger 12 and then expanded to 1.2 bar in an expansion valve 34, and a second stream, cooled, liquefied and sub-cooled from the hot end to the cold end of the exchanger 9 in passages 35, sub-cooled again by about 8 to 10 "C in a coil 36 forming the column reboiler
- the tank liquid in this column constitutes the nitrogenous LNG produced by the installation and is sent to storage.
- the exchanger 12 and is sent via a line 38 to the "fuel gas” network to be burned or used in a gas turbine of the installation serving to drive the compressor 1.
- the hottest part of 1'ttingur 8 can be used for cooling from + 40 to + 20 * 'C about a suitable liquid, in particular pentane, circulated through the passages 40 by a pump 1'ttingur 41 and used to refrigerate another part of the installation, for example raw natural gas intended to be dried before its treatment in the liquefaction installation.
- This circulation of liquid constitutes the above-mentioned refrigerant circuit 11.
- suction of the compressor stage 1C at a relatively cold temperature is favorable to the performance thereof.
- the cutoff at around - 20 to - 40 ° C between the two exchangers also corresponds to heat exchange surfaces of the same order above and below this cutoff, so that two exchangers can be used 8 and 9 of maximum length under conditions of optimal thermal performance, and a single separator pot 10, with the abovementioned cut-off, for the high pressure fluid. It is understood that the control of the temperature and the pressure (+ 5 to + 10 ° C, 14 to 20 bars) of the coolant at the head of the column 5 makes it possible to obtain a single-phase gas both at the outlet of the 3C refrigerant and at the outlet (at 42) from the cold exchanger 9 (- 20 ° C to - 40 "C, 2.5 to 3.5 bars).
- n exchangers 8 are mounted in parallel, and n exchangers 9 in parallel.
- the installation shown in FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 only by the addition, between the compression stages IB and 1C, of another intermediate compression stage 1D, as well as by the method of cooling the liquid. reflux from column 5.
- the outlet of the refrigerant 3B opens into a separator pot 6D, the vapor phase of which feeds the stage 1D. The discharge of this is cooled by a 3D coolant and then introduced at the base of the column 5.
- the liquid in the pot 6D constitutes an additional coolant, sub-cooled in additional passages 45 provided in the hot part of the exchanger 8, taken out of it, expanded at low pressure in an expansion valve 46 and reintroduced into the exchanger to be vaporized in the intermediate part of the low pressure passages 23. Furthermore, the overhead vapor from column 5 is sent directly to the suction of the last compression stage 1C, and the high pressure fluid is sent to the base of a dephlegmator 47 cooled by trickling seawater around vertical tubes 48.
- FIG 3 shows an embodiment of a heat exchanger which can be used as an intermediate refrigerant 3B.
- This exchanger comprises a calender 50 in which a certain number of vertical tubes 51 open at their two ends extend between an upper plate 52 and a lower plate 53. Between these plates, and outside the tubes, are mounted a certain number of horizontal baffles 54.
- the cooling water arrives by a lower pipe 55 on the plate 52, circulates upwards in the tubes 51 and is evacuated by an upper pipe 56.
- the two-phase mixture conveyed by line 2B enters laterally into the grille under the plate 52 and descends along the baffles, then exits via the outlet pipe 57 of the exchanger, located a little above the plate 53.
- FIG. 4 represents another alternative arrangement of the column of distillation 5.
- the column overhead vapor is heated by a few degrees Celsius in an auxiliary heat exchanger 58, then sent to the suction of the last compression stage 1C.
- the high pressure fluid, after cooling and partial condensation in 3C around + 30 to + 40 "C, is separated into two phases in a separator pot 59.
- the vapor from this pot constitutes the high pressure refrigerant, while the liquid phase , after sub-cooling a few degrees Celsius in the exchanger 58, is expanded in an expansion valve 49 as in FIG. 2 and then introduced under reflux at the top of the column 5. It is understood that this variant can be applied to a installation with either three or four stages of compression, and subcooling 58 is optional.
- the nitrogen removal column 13 must operate at around 1.15 bar or 1.2 bar, and consequently the nitrogen-free LNG leaving the tank of this column must be expanded to atmospheric pressure at storage inlet 14, which produces flash gas.
- This gas, as well as the gas resulting from the heat inputs into the storage 14, must therefore be taken up and compressed by an auxiliary compressor to be distributed to the "fuel gas" network.
- Figure 5 shows an arrangement which makes it possible to omit this auxiliary compressor, in the case where the LNG leaving the exchanger 9 contains a few% of nitrogen.
- the LNG leaving the exchanger 9 is sub-cooled in the coil 36 of the column 13 and again sub-cooled in an auxiliary heat exchanger 60. The liquid is then expanded to 1.2 bar in the valve.
- expansion 37 and the turbine 39 then divided into two streams: a stream which is vaporized in an exchanger 60 and then introduced at an intermediate level into the column 13, and a stream which is sent at reflux at the head of the latter.
- the bottom liquid of column 13, which is LNG without nitrogen, is then, for each storage, divided into two streams, one of which is sub-cooled in the exchanger 60 while the other passes through a bypass 61 to adjust the degree of overall sub-cooling, the circulation of the liquid being ensured by a pump 62.
- the part of the natural gas coming from the apparatus 33 which is treated in the exchanger 12 n ' is cooled there only to an intermediate temperature TI, then is introduced into the tank of the column 63, via a pipe 65, while the rest of this natural gas is cooled in the exchanger 9 only to a temperature intermediate T2 lower than TI then introduced at an intermediate level of the same column, via a pipe 66.
- the condenser 64 is cooled by expanding part of the column tank liquid to around 25 bars in an expansion valve 67.
- the gas resulting from this vaporization has the same composition as the column tank liquid, that is that is to say has a low nitrogen content, and therefore constitutes a combustible gas at 25 bars which can be directly used, via a pipe 68, in the gas turbine 69.
- the remainder of the bottom liquid of the column 63 is, after sub-cooling partly in the cold part of the exchanger 9 and in the coil 36 of the column 13, and partly in the cold part of the exchanger 12, expanded at 37, respectively at 70, and introduced at an intermediate level of column 13.
- the overhead vapor of column 63 containing 30 to 35% of nitrogen, is cooled and condensed in the cold part of the exchanger 9 , sub-cooled in that of the exchanger 12, and, after expansion in an expansion valve 71, introduced under reflux at the top of the column 13.
- the nitrogen enrichment of the column 13 washing liquid thus obtained has the consequence that the nitrogen vapor of this column is sufficient poor in methane, for example contains 10 to 15% of methane, to be put into the atmosphere via line 38 after heating in 12.
- a fraction of the natural gas to be treated conveyed by the pipe 31 can be cooled in the hot part of the exchanger 12 before being sent to the device 33.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94913137A EP0644996B1 (fr) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | Procede et installation de refroidissement d'un gaz, notamment pour la liquefaction de gaz naturel |
US08/347,365 US5535594A (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | Process and apparatus for cooling a fluid especially for liquifying natural gas |
CA002136755A CA2136755C (fr) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | Procede et installation pour refroidir un fluide, notamment pour liquefier le gaz naturel |
JP52281294A JP3559283B2 (ja) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | 流体を冷却する,とくに天然ガスを液化する方法及び装置 |
AU65404/94A AU669628C (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | Fluid cooling process and plant, especially for natural gas liquefaction |
DE69415454T DE69415454T2 (de) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | Verfahren und anlage zur kühlung eines fluids, insbesondere für die verflüssigung von erdgas |
NO944701A NO308969B1 (no) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-12-06 | FremgangsmÕte og installasjon for avkjøling av et fluid, spesielt for kondensering av narurgass |
US08/644,484 US5613373A (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1996-05-10 | Process and apparatus for cooling a fluid especially for liquifying natural gas |
HK98113695A HK1012700A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1998-12-16 | Gas cooling process and plant especially for natural gas liquefaction |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR93/04276 | 1993-04-09 | ||
FR9304276A FR2703762B1 (fr) | 1993-04-09 | 1993-04-09 | Procédé et installation de refroidissement d'un fluide, notamment pour la liquéfaction de gaz naturel. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994024500A1 true WO1994024500A1 (fr) | 1994-10-27 |
Family
ID=9445963
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1994/000380 WO1994024500A1 (fr) | 1993-04-09 | 1994-04-05 | Procede et installation de refroidissement d'un fluide, notamment pour la liquefaction de gaz naturel |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5535594A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0644996B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3559283B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE175019T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2136755C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69415454T2 (fr) |
DZ (1) | DZ1768A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2125448T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2703762B1 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1012700A1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO308969B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2121637C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994024500A1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0723125A3 (fr) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-04-16 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz et échangeur de chaleur utilisé |
EP0818661A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-14 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Procédé et installation perfectionnés de refroidissement, en particulier pour la liquéfaction de gaz naturel |
WO2000029797A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Installation de liquefaction de gaz naturel |
US9441877B2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2016-09-13 | Chart Inc. | Integrated pre-cooled mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10480851B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-11-19 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10663221B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2020-05-26 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11408673B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-09 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11428463B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-30 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
Families Citing this family (43)
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Cited By (14)
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EP0723125A3 (fr) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-04-16 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz et échangeur de chaleur utilisé |
US5813250A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1998-09-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Gas liquefying method and heat exchanger used in gas liquefying method |
EP0818661A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-14 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Procédé et installation perfectionnés de refroidissement, en particulier pour la liquéfaction de gaz naturel |
FR2751059A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-16 | Gaz De France | Procede et installation perfectionnes de refroidissement, en particulier pour la liquefaction de gaz naturel |
US5943881A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-08-31 | Gaz De France (G.D.F.) Service National | Cooling process and installation, in particular for the liquefaction of natural gas |
US6389844B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2002-05-21 | Shell Oil Company | Plant for liquefying natural gas |
WO2000029797A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Installation de liquefaction de gaz naturel |
US9441877B2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2016-09-13 | Chart Inc. | Integrated pre-cooled mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10502483B2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2019-12-10 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Integrated pre-cooled mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10480851B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-11-19 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11408673B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-09 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11428463B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-30 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10663221B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2020-05-26 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11408676B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2022-08-09 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO944701L (no) | 1994-12-06 |
EP0644996B1 (fr) | 1998-12-23 |
NO944701D0 (no) | 1994-12-06 |
EP0644996A1 (fr) | 1995-03-29 |
CA2136755C (fr) | 2005-06-14 |
ATE175019T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
DZ1768A1 (fr) | 2002-02-17 |
JPH07507864A (ja) | 1995-08-31 |
JP3559283B2 (ja) | 2004-08-25 |
DE69415454T2 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
HK1012700A1 (en) | 1999-08-06 |
CA2136755A1 (fr) | 1994-10-27 |
US5613373A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
AU669628B2 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
FR2703762B1 (fr) | 1995-05-24 |
NO308969B1 (no) | 2000-11-20 |
AU6540494A (en) | 1994-11-08 |
US5535594A (en) | 1996-07-16 |
FR2703762A1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 |
ES2125448T3 (es) | 1999-03-01 |
DE69415454D1 (de) | 1999-02-04 |
RU2121637C1 (ru) | 1998-11-10 |
RU94046343A (ru) | 1996-11-10 |
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