WO1994019925A1 - Procede et dispositif de plantation de plants d'arbres - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de plantation de plants d'arbres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994019925A1
WO1994019925A1 PCT/SE1994/000182 SE9400182W WO9419925A1 WO 1994019925 A1 WO1994019925 A1 WO 1994019925A1 SE 9400182 W SE9400182 W SE 9400182W WO 9419925 A1 WO9419925 A1 WO 9419925A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
planting
bucket
soil
tree
heap
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1994/000182
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bo Evert Olofsson
Original Assignee
Bo Evert Olofsson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bo Evert Olofsson filed Critical Bo Evert Olofsson
Priority to EP94909392A priority Critical patent/EP0699022A1/fr
Priority to AU62252/94A priority patent/AU6225294A/en
Publication of WO1994019925A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994019925A1/fr
Priority to NO953429A priority patent/NO953429D0/no
Priority to FI954139A priority patent/FI954139A/fi

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B13/00—Ploughs or like machines for special purposes ; Ditch diggers, trench ploughs, forestry ploughs, ploughs for land or marsh reclamation
    • A01B13/02—Ploughs or like machines for special purposes ; Ditch diggers, trench ploughs, forestry ploughs, ploughs for land or marsh reclamation for making or working ridges, e.g. with symmetrically arranged mouldboards, e.g. ridging plough

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for planting of tree plants as defined in the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to an apparatus for the performing of the metnod as defined in the preamble of claim 4.
  • the method and apparatus is above all intended for use at reforestation on clearings. Lack of skilled labour and the hig cost of wages has resulted in that there presently are few possibilities to carry out reforestation of forests in a traditional manner with manual planting. Furthermore, use of machines for treefelling and trimming of branches results in concentrated heaps of branches, which also have to be removed mechanically before planting is possible, otherwise these area will be left unplanted.
  • the object of the invention is primarily to accomplish an improved ground preparation, but it also provides a new and favourable method for the carrying out of the actual planting after completed preparation of the planting spot.
  • One method is to continually or in patches tear away a turf an turn this up-side-down and then plant the new plants in the no exposed mineral soil layer on top, the so called reversed turf method.
  • a similar result is obtained by digging up a number of holes with an excavator in the clearing and putting the soil i a heap at the side of the holes. In all these cases it applies that the heap or the reversed turf ought to/must be given time to stabilize before planting can be carried out to prevent drying out and plant death. In this way the planting must be carried out as two separate operations and one season of growt will be lost.
  • Another proposed apparatus comprises a towed scarifying wheel for patch preparation followed in the direction of movement by a vertically movable scraper blade for scraping up planting heaps in the patches scraped bare.
  • the blade is suspended in linkage arms and its movements are synchronised with those of the scarifying wheel.
  • a safety system lifts the scraper blade if it runs into an obstacle.
  • the machine can also be fitted with a planting device for tree plants for planting simultaneously with the making of planting heaps. This machine is obviously very sensitive to stubs, stones and uneven ground especially if two or more scarifying wheels are arranged besid each other. In difficult ground you can expect a large amount of unprepared or unplanted planting positions and therefore a poor planting result.
  • DE 2 854 922 describes a planting device consisting of a planting pipe with a vertically movable mandrel for plant hole making.
  • the mandrel is vibrating so as to be able to glide pas or push away stones and other obstacles.
  • a plant feeding tube is leading obliquely into the planting tube. After completed hole making the mandrel is lifted and a plant is allowed to fall down into the hole. Finally a collar at the orifice of th planting tube compresses the soil around the plant.
  • This device has the disadvantage that the plant feeding tube i leading into the planting tube in an inclined direction immediately above its opening. The plant is then not given the opportunity to straighten up and fall vertically into the planting hole. Therefore, there is an obvious risk that the plants are disadvantageously planted in a leaning position wit this device.
  • the fact is that it has been shown, that a plant which is planted in a leaning position certainly can survive, but the quality of the lumber will become considerably poorer, since the trunk becomes crooked. This is caused by that the trunk straightens out vertically at the top of the plant while at the same time a considerable additional growth takes place underneath. The result will be that the trunk for the length o two levels of side branches will grow in inclined direction, which can give a loss of straight lumber log at the tree base for 1-2 meters. Leaning plants is also frequently occurring with manual planting.
  • the planting apparatus is mounted on an arm from a carrier, often a modified forwarder or harvester.
  • a carrier On the carrier there are both a plant feeding devic and a device for feeding of additional soil to create a soil heap around the plant.
  • On the planting apparatus there is a couple of scraper blades intended for the removal of vegetatio and other material thus creating a planting patch.
  • a certain amount of additional soil is deposited through an outer tube, whereupon an inner planting tube is pushed down into the soil heap and deposits a plant into it.
  • the planting tube has a tip consisting of two half cones which are jointed at their top ends and can be opened up. The tip is pushed down into the soil heap until the intended planting depth is reached, then it opens up and the plant is released.
  • the added soil heap can finally be compressed against the plants soil clod with a reversed funnel or rubber cone.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a new method for tree planting, that enables -a fast planting operation with patch preparation, soil heap making and planting in a continuous operation and at an arbitrary location in relation to the position and driving path of the carrier vehicle.
  • the object is further to accomplish a method, that makes it possible to use the same machine both for soil heap making with existing material and for added soil planting with added external soil.
  • a further object of the invention is to accomplish an apparatus to carry out the above mentioned method, which apparatus has a robust construction with good durability when working in difficult ground, which during the excavation stage exhibits few moving parts, which has low maintenance costs with easily exchangeable wear parts and which is easy to mount on existing forest machines and excavators with no or small constructional changes.
  • Fig 1 is a cross-sectional side view of an apparatus according to the invention
  • Fig 2 is a view from above of the apparatus in fig 1,
  • Fig 3 is a front view in section of the apparatus in fig 1,
  • fig 4 is a cross-sectional detail view of the apparatus in a-c fig 1 showing the planting device of the apparatus during different phases of the-course of events in a planting operation
  • fig 5 is a front view of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • fig 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the apparatus in fig 5
  • fig 7 are detailed views of an alternative planting device and 8 under different stages of a planting operation and
  • fig 9 are a schematic side view and a front view of a third and 10 embodiment of the invention.
  • the inventive apparatus consists of a bucket 10, whose frontal portion constitutes a first digging or scraping means 12.
  • the frontal portion is separated from the buckets rear portion 14 by a partition wall 16.
  • the scraping means 12 exhibits digging teeth 13 at its front edge 15.
  • the bucket 10 is mounted on an arm 18 and is pivotable with a power cylinder 20 and linkage arms 22, 24.
  • a second digging and scraping means 26 and a planting device commonly designated with 28 In the buckets rear portion 14 there is arranged a second digging and scraping means 26 and a planting device commonly designated with 28.
  • the digging and scraping means 26 comprise a scraper blade 30, that is guided by a guide 32 and can be pushed down through an opening 34 in the bottom 36 of the bucket with a power cylinder 38.
  • the level of the scraper blade is indicated by a known, schematically shown sensor device 40, for example a limit switch. With the aid of the sensor device and the sensor points 41 on the scraper blade 30 interacting therewith, this level can be sensed and shown on a display in the operators cabin of the carrier.
  • the upper end of the power cylinder is attached to the buckets upper part 42.
  • its guide 32 can be attached in addition to to the bottom of the bucket 36 also to its rear part 44, its sides 45 or its upper part 42 for example with stays 46.
  • the planting device 28 consists of a piercing mandrel 50, a planting tube 52 and a soil packing means 54 arranged in an opening 55 in the bottom of the bucket 36.
  • the piercing mandrel 50 consists of a mandrel 56 with an exchangeable tip 58.
  • the mandrel is attached to the lower end of a power cylinder 60, the upper part of which is pivotally attached to the buckets upper part 42 or in the upper part of one only in fig 2 shown frame 62, wherein all parts of the planting device 28 are mounted.
  • the mandrel 56 is pressed down through an opening 64 arranged in the centre of the soil packing means 54.
  • a depth indicators 67 that shows when and if the mandrel have been pressed down to the intended planting depth. It can be a limit switch or a non-contact sensor and also show a completely pulled up position (fig 4c) as well as an intermediate rest position (fig 4a).
  • the mandrel 56 When the mandrel 56 is pulled up, it is simultaneously moved sideways by a tension spring 66 along a slanted slide plate 68 for the mandrel tip. In this way the central part of the planting device 28 is exposed for the planting tube 52. This makes it possible to deposit a tree plant 70 substantially vertically down into a hole 48 created by the mandrel 56 in a soil heap 72 made by the scraper blade 30.
  • the planting device itself consist partly of the above mentioned planting tube 52 and partly of an arbitrary plant feeding device known as such. In the described and illustrated example the planting tube consists of a pipe or a ho ⁇ -e 74 through which the plant 70 is fed through.
  • the orifice 76 of the planting tube is situated abov a stop plane 78 against which the plants root clod is intended to rest and be stabilized in its position waiting for a soil heap with a plant hole to be ready for it. In this way the plant transportation portion of the cycle time for the plantin operation is minimized.
  • the planting tube is attached with a linkage stay 80 to the power cylinder 60 of the mandrel 56 or machine part connected therewith, such that when the mandrel has been pulled to the side after completed piercing, the planting tube will be pulled in over the opening 64 and the plant will immediately fall down into the waiting planting hole.
  • the orifice part 77 of the planting tube is constructed so as to place itself in a vertical position when brought in over the opening 64.
  • FIG 7 and 8 there is shown an alternative device to sustain a plant in a waiting position.
  • the hose 74 here exhibits a soft, compressible section 100, that collaborates with a counter-hold 102 in order to create a strangulating hol in the waiting position, such that the plant 70 can not pass.
  • this soft section makes it possible for the orifice part to straighten up during the planting phase (fig 8 to a vertical position to give the plant a long, vertical passage down into the planting hole 48.
  • the soil packing means 54 consists of a stamp 82, that at the bottom exhibits an work cone 84 being exchangeable, so as to b able to give an appropriate slope of the soil heap around the plant depending on the soil material characteristics.
  • an work cone 84 being exchangeable, so as to b able to give an appropriate slope of the soil heap around the plant depending on the soil material characteristics.
  • the stamp 82 exhibits a power cylinder 86, the upper en thereof being attached to the buckets upper part 42 or the upper part of the frame 62.
  • a cross fall indicator 92 that is connected to a control unit and/or a display in the cabin.
  • the indicator 92 measures the tilting angle both in the buckets pivoting plane, and in a plane at right angles thereto. The fact is tha it is not possible to get the bucket entirely horizontal, when the carrier is standing aslant on uneven ground.
  • the frame 62 can be pivotally mounted on a horizontal shaft 88 and can then be placed in vertical positio with the aid of a power cylinder 90 after that the bucket firs has been placed as flat as possible.
  • the apparatus operates in the following way. On an appropriate planting spot the bucket is lowered with its front part turned somewhat downwards against the ground. It is pulled towards th carrier and at the same time the bucket toe is turned upwards to horizontal position, the clearing debris, vegetation cover and humus layer A being scraped away under exposure of a patch of mineral soil B.
  • the scraper blade 30 which is protruding downwards under the bottom 36 of the bucket, is pressed down into the mineral soil B. There it begins to dig out a hole 71 and at th same time it makes a heap 72 of mineral soil in front of itself in its direction of movement. At the end of the patch preparation and the soil heap making this growing mineral soil heap will press the bucket upwards, such that the buckets fron edge describes a track ever higher up in the humus layer and vegetation cover.
  • the bucket motion is discontinued and the bucket is positioned substantially flat with the planting tube vertical.
  • the operator pushes on the start button for the actual planting operation, as shown in fig 4 a-c and fig 7 and 8.
  • This is preferably sequence controlled by a control unit or other control means, such that when a part- operation has been successfully finalized the next one is automatically put in effect.
  • the planting apparatus i fine adjusted to a vertical position by the control unit with the aid of the cross fall indicators 92.
  • the mandre 56 is pressed down into the soil heap 72 to create a hole 48 with the intended planting depth. If the depth indicator 67 shows, that the mandrel 56 have not reached the intended depth the planting attempt is abandoned.
  • the mandrel is lifted and the bucket is moved a bit, whereupon a new attempt is made. If worst comes to worst you start again and scrape up a new patch and heap as earlier described.
  • the mandrel is yet again lifted, its tip being moved to the side by the tension spring 66.
  • the planting tube 52 is moved in over the hole 64 and a plant 70 is released and is allowed to fall down into the newly created planting hole (fig 8).
  • the power cylinder 86 presses the stamp 82 with its wor cone 84 downwards against the soil in the planting heap 72 and compresses this around the plants soil clod. Thereby the walls of the hole 48 are pressed together against the soil clod, suc that a good connection is made against the surrounding soil in the planting heap and cavities are avoided. This is shown with broken lines 104 in figure 8.
  • this bucket lifting can be a step in the planting sequence with a simultaneous interlocking against side movements, such that a premature sid movement of the bucket will not cause tilting or pulling out o the plant.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be used for planting with the adding soil method on especially difficult places.
  • the adding soil is then taken from a nearby, unplanted point without moving the carrier or from a supply of adding soil transported by the carrier, for example from a cart towed by the carrier.
  • the cart can thereby occasionally during the course of plantin be refilled, for example when the bucket is being used for digging drainage trenches.
  • the planting process is in this case initially started with the filling up of the buckets front part 12 with adding soil for one or several planting operations fro any of the above-mentioned added soil sources.
  • the bucket is moved to the intended planting spot with the bucket tip 13 pointed upwards, such that the scraper blade 30 will come into contact with the ground first and by being pulled towards the operator scrapes away at least most of the clearing debris, vegetation and stones on the planting spot. Thereafter the bucket is moved back, the front part is tipped downwards and an appropriate amount of additional soil is poured out onto the cleaned patch. Then the bucket is positioned flat and lowered with its planting device 28 over the deposited soil heap. After that the operator pushes the start button for planting and a planting sequence such as earlier described is started. If the piercing mandrel 56 encounters any obstacles, it is first attempted to move the point of planting. If this does not help more soil is added or another spot is chosen.
  • the inventive apparatus is not restricted to the use of the planting device of the type described above.
  • the planting device may just as well be one of the initially mentioned type, where the planting tube displays a piercing tip, which can be opened. In this case the special piercing mandrel is omitted.
  • the second digging and scraping means 26 may be a fixed blade 30 attached underneath the bucket 10 instead of a vertically movable blade. Then the bucket becomes less suitable for ordinary excavation work, since the blade is constantly protruding downwards and cannot be lifted out of the way.
  • the different power cylinders are preferably hydraulic cylinders, but can also be pneumatic cylinders or a mechanica or an electrical arrangement for linear movement.
  • the term power cylinder here means an arbitrary arrangement for linear movement.
  • the carrier for the planting apparatus is suitably an excavat or a so called harvester for tree felling.
  • the bucket is a trenching bucket that has appropriate bucket width or a bucke of special construction.
  • the figures 9 and 10 show a bucket 10 especially intended to be mounted on a harvester. It consists of an extension arm 106 to the vehicles existing boom 18. The arm and a power cylinder 20 are attached to the front leg 108 of the U-shaped yoke 94. The bucket is- tipped sideways in relation to the yoke with a power cylinder 98. Otherwise this bucket corresponds to those earlier described with the same kind of scraping means 26 and planting device 28.
  • the carrier During planting the carrier is moved forwards one planting spacing and plants tree plants in a semicircle behind itself. New repositioning and a new semi-circle. At the circle end parts the planting is done sparser in some rows such that the spacing will not be to dense. ith the bucket it is also possible when the need arises to make smaller excavations for drainage and to clear planting spots also in those big debris banks, that a modern harvester leaves behind. Since the bucke effectively can clear clean cultivation spots also on fresh clearings, it is possible to plant new forest immediately aft deforestation without waiting for the clearing debris to shed its needles. Thereby one growth season is gained.
  • the bottom 3 of the bucket can be used as a stamp and be pushed down a little more by the bucket arm 18 after that the plant 70 has been put in place.
  • the bottom has then suitably a funnel shape elevation around its opening 64.
  • the bucket is used as stamp, but also otherwise it can be suitable to lift the bucket or the stamp 54 before planting such that the planting hole will not collapse before the plant is in place.
  • the apparatus can be used to sow one or several tree seeds in every planting spot.
  • the seeds can either be naked seeds or covered in a soil or peat clod. It is also possible to arrange supply means for fertiliser, pesticides and/or water in connection with the planting apparatus.
  • the piercing mandrel 50 can advantageously be designed with longitudinal grooves or ridges, that creates planting holes with corresponding ridges and valleys in their walls.
  • the so called twisted roots syndrome is avoided, i. e. the plants roots only grow round in circles around the walls of th hole instead of penetrating them into the surrounding ground.
  • the roots by container or pot cultivation have already in the nursery got such a growth and if the plant thereafter is planted in a hole with straight walls it can continue to grow around. This especially happens in fine-grained soil types suc as clay and ground moraine.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un appareil de plantation de plants d'arbres. A l'aide de la partie frontale (12) d'un godet (10), un site de plantation est débarrassé de l'humus et en même temps, une lame (30) de racloir faisant saillie vers le bas sous le godet racle et retire un tas de sol minéral (72) se trouvant sous le godet. Ensuite le godet est positionné horizontalement et un dispositif de plantation (28) situé à l'arrière d'une paroi de séparation (16) du godet fait un trou (48) dans le tas (72) à l'aide d'un mandrin (56). Une plante est amenée et placée dans le trou par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau flexible (52), puis la terre est pressée tout autour de la plante à l'aide d'un pilon (82, 84).
PCT/SE1994/000182 1993-03-03 1994-03-03 Procede et dispositif de plantation de plants d'arbres WO1994019925A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94909392A EP0699022A1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1994-03-03 Procede et dispositif de plantation de plants d'arbres
AU62252/94A AU6225294A (en) 1993-03-03 1994-03-03 Method and means for planting of tree plants
NO953429A NO953429D0 (no) 1993-03-03 1995-08-31 Fremgangsmåte og anordning for planting av trær
FI954139A FI954139A (fi) 1993-03-03 1995-09-04 Menetelmä ja laite puuntaimien istuttamiseksi

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9300710-2 1993-03-03
SE9300710A SE502683C2 (sv) 1993-03-03 1993-03-03 Förfarande och anordning för plantering av trädplantor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994019925A1 true WO1994019925A1 (fr) 1994-09-15

Family

ID=20389099

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1994/000182 WO1994019925A1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1994-03-03 Procede et dispositif de plantation de plants d'arbres

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0699022A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6225294A (fr)
FI (1) FI954139A (fr)
NO (1) NO953429D0 (fr)
SE (1) SE502683C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994019925A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996007307A1 (fr) * 1994-09-08 1996-03-14 Juha Sirkkala Procede et dispositif d'ensemencement
WO1996028961A1 (fr) * 1995-03-20 1996-09-26 Brett William Willis Systeme de culture localisee
AU2007202931B1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-07-24 Mizzi Engineering Pty Ltd A Cane Billet Planter
CN114303537A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-12 河海大学 一种树苗栽种和草籽播撒装置及种植方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE386804B (sv) * 1973-12-20 1976-08-23 Robur Maskin Ab Anordning for efterbearbetning pa planteringsfleckar och strengar pa for plantering eller sadd avsedd skogsmark
DE2854922B2 (de) * 1977-12-22 1981-06-04 G.A. Serlachius Oy, Mänttä Pflanzanordnung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE386804B (sv) * 1973-12-20 1976-08-23 Robur Maskin Ab Anordning for efterbearbetning pa planteringsfleckar och strengar pa for plantering eller sadd avsedd skogsmark
DE2854922B2 (de) * 1977-12-22 1981-06-04 G.A. Serlachius Oy, Mänttä Pflanzanordnung

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996007307A1 (fr) * 1994-09-08 1996-03-14 Juha Sirkkala Procede et dispositif d'ensemencement
US5765492A (en) * 1994-09-08 1998-06-16 Sirkkala; Juha Seeding method and apparatus
WO1996028961A1 (fr) * 1995-03-20 1996-09-26 Brett William Willis Systeme de culture localisee
AU707698B2 (en) * 1995-03-20 1999-07-15 Brett William Willis Spot-cultivation system
US6067736A (en) * 1995-03-20 2000-05-30 Willis; Brett William Spot-cultivation system
AU2007202931B1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-07-24 Mizzi Engineering Pty Ltd A Cane Billet Planter
AU2007202931B9 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-07-31 Mizzi Engineering Pty Ltd A Cane Billet Planter
AU2007202931C1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2011-01-06 Mizzi Engineering Pty Ltd A Cane Billet Planter
CN114303537A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-12 河海大学 一种树苗栽种和草籽播撒装置及种植方法
CN114303537B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2023-02-24 河海大学 一种树苗栽种和草籽播撒装置及种植方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9300710D0 (sv) 1993-03-03
FI954139A (fi) 1995-11-02
FI954139A0 (fi) 1995-09-04
SE9300710L (sv) 1994-09-04
EP0699022A1 (fr) 1996-03-06
SE502683C2 (sv) 1995-12-11
AU6225294A (en) 1994-09-26
NO953429D0 (no) 1995-08-31

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