WO1994018581A1 - Outil de modelage, son procede de fabrication et miroir triple - Google Patents

Outil de modelage, son procede de fabrication et miroir triple Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994018581A1
WO1994018581A1 PCT/EP1993/001868 EP9301868W WO9418581A1 WO 1994018581 A1 WO1994018581 A1 WO 1994018581A1 EP 9301868 W EP9301868 W EP 9301868W WO 9418581 A1 WO9418581 A1 WO 9418581A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lamellae
side surfaces
plane
slats
angle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1993/001868
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Bohn
Bruno Weinbrecht
Thomas Schaller
Wilhelm Bier
Klaus Schubert
Original Assignee
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh filed Critical Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh
Publication of WO1994018581A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994018581A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
    • B29C33/301—Modular mould systems [MMS], i.e. moulds built up by stacking mould elements, e.g. plates, blocks, rods
    • B29C33/302—Assembling a large number of mould elements to constitute one cavity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
    • B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
    • B29C2033/385—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining by laminating a plurality of layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an Abfor tool for producing a triple mirror and a method for its production according to claims 1 and 6 and a triple mirror according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • Triple mirrors are used as reflectors on vehicles, in warning beacons in road traffic and for many other purposes.
  • An essential feature of triple mirrors is that incident light rays - apart from a slight lateral offset - are reflected in themselves regardless of the angle of incidence (Lexikon der Physik, Franckh'sche Verlagsbuch Stuttgart, keyword “triple mirror”).
  • the triple mirrors contain a large number of periodically repeating structural elements which are arranged at a constant distance from one another in two dimensions on one plane.
  • the structural elements are composed of several, usually three, surfaces which are arranged perpendicular to one another. Often these surfaces are three abutting squares of a cube, the diagonal of which is perpendicular to the plane of the triple mirror.
  • the three adjacent squares are connected by a common corner; two of the squares each have a common edge.
  • Such a triple mirror which corresponds to a triple mirror of the type mentioned above, is known for example from DE 41 21 514 AI.
  • This triple mirror is composed of a large number of individual mirror elements. Such a manufacturing process is unsuitable for an inexpensive mass production of triple mirrors.
  • Triple mirrors of the type mentioned at the outset are usually produced by molding a tool.
  • the tool consists of a bundle of pins, the tips of which are particularly are shaped. If the triple mirror should have three abutting square sides as structural elements, the tips of the pins must be shaped and ground in a corresponding manner.
  • a tool that is composed of a bundle of pins is described for example in DE 23 65 315 AI. This tool is used to produce a complicatedly shaped triple mirror of a type other than that mentioned at the beginning.
  • triple mirrors have to be relatively thick because a coarse grid dimension of the structural elements also requires a corresponding thickness of the triple mirror. In principle, therefore, the known methods cannot produce thin triple mirror foils of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • triple mirrors in which the square surfaces of the triple mirrors mentioned at the beginning are halved.
  • the reflecting surfaces therefore consist of triangles, three of which form the shell of a three-sided pyramid.
  • the pyramids are arranged hexagonally.
  • Corresponding structural elements in the side to be molded can be produced by linear processing steps of known micromechanical methods, for example by diamond milling. The dimension of the structural elements can thus be reduced, which is why such triple mirrors can be produced in the form of thin foils.
  • triple mirrors of this type are inferior to the triple mirrors mentioned at the outset with regard to the reflection properties, in particular with regard to the intensity of the light reflected back in the direction of the incident beam.
  • the known micromechanical methods are unsuitable for producing impression tools for triple mirrors of the type mentioned at the outset, because these tools cannot be produced by forming continuous surfaces in a machinable base body.
  • the surfaces of the impression tools for triple mirrors to be molded are arranged offset from one another.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a further molding tool with which triple mirrors can be produced. sen, whose structural elements consist of mutually perpendicular interconnected square sides.
  • the molding tool should be designed in such a way that, in particular, triple mirrors of this type with small structural elements and small layer thicknesses can be produced by molding, which previously could not be produced.
  • Another object of the invention is to develop a method for producing the impression tool, which comprises a smaller number of processing steps.
  • Claim 10 specifies new triple mirrors of the type mentioned at the outset which can be produced using the molding tool according to the invention.
  • the molding tool according to the invention has a side to be molded, from which a large number of two-dimensionally arranged structural elements which are periodically arranged at a predetermined mutual distance are worked out.
  • the structural elements are arranged in one level; mutually corresponding points of the structural elements such as e.g. B. the tips or the corresponding end points of edges are each in the same plane.
  • the molding tool is composed of a number of lamellae of a thickness d, each of which has two flat side surfaces and a step-shaped edge area.
  • the number of lamellae determines the length of the directly moldable triple mirror and is selected from this point of view. Otherwise, it is freely selectable.
  • the width of the slats determines the width of the directly moldable triple mirror and can also be freely selected taking this point of view into account.
  • the "edge area” is the non-shaped or the shaped narrow side (edge) of the slats from which the side to be molded is or is understood, including the adjacent region of the side surface that is partially visible in the molding tool.
  • the step-shaped edge area forms part of the structural elements; it is formed as a sequence of a series of squares with a side length d that are perpendicular to the respectively adjacent squares. It is sufficient if an edge region of this type is provided.
  • the remaining edges of the slats can then be designed as desired.
  • the remaining edges of the lamellae are expediently shaped in such a way that they form the base area and two opposite side faces of a cuboid in the molding tool. These three surfaces can be used as handling surfaces of the molding tool. If two edge areas of lamellae are shaped like stairs, the impression tools contain two sides to be molded.
  • each structural element is composed of three adjoining square surfaces of a cube, the spatial diagonal of which is perpendicular to the plane of all structural elements. Two of these square areas are formed by two squares of the stair-shaped edge area. The third square results from the lateral edge area of the neighboring lamella, from which a square is marked by the step-shaped edge area of the first lamella. When the slats are not tilted, the slats should stand vertically on a surface. If one considers two such square areas of the step-shaped edge area of a single lamella, which form a groove with one another, these two square areas can be thought of as a cube.
  • the cube consists, among other things, of two (imaginary) end faces and an (imaginary) upper edge that runs parallel to the base.
  • the diagonal of space is stretched between the rear end of the upper edge and the front end of that edge which is created by the two square surfaces.
  • the spatial diagonal is therefore the hypotension of a right-angled triangle which is formed by the diagonal of the front end face and the upper edge.
  • the lamella must be tilted from the vertical by this angle * so that the diagonal of the space is vertical.
  • the molding tool is preferably composed of lamellae whose thickness d is less than 500 ⁇ m. With such an impression tool, particularly thin triple mirrors can be produced.
  • the slats can be connected to one another in different ways. They can be fixed to one another, for example, by gluing or, if they consist of metal, by soldering and welding or with the aid of clamping devices.
  • the combination must ensure that the described position of the lamellae relative to one another is maintained permanently, in particular while the impression tool is in use.
  • Such types of connections between the lamellae are particularly preferred, which at the same time determine the position of a lamella with respect to the neighboring lamellae and fix the lamellae to one another without gaps.
  • the lamellae can be connected to one another or strengthened.
  • the method according to the invention for producing the molding tool essentially comprises five individual steps.
  • a stack is formed from a number of lamellae of a thickness d with flat side surfaces.
  • the slats must have a straight edge.
  • the stack is produced in such a way that the side surfaces of the slats touch each other and the straight edges of all slats form a flat surface.
  • the shape of the lamellae is otherwise arbitrary, in particular because it is expedient to revise the sides of the finished molding tool that are not intended for the molding. For example, slats with rectangular gen or trapezoidal side surfaces are used. Slats with circular side surfaces, in which the straight edge was previously produced by separating a circular section, can also be used.
  • a number of materials can be used as materials for the lamellae.
  • the materials must be able to be processed with high quality using diamond tools and must not change during the molding of the impression tool. There are no other restrictions.
  • Particularly suitable materials are machinable metals, especially aluminum or copper alloys.
  • lamellae made of easily processable plastics are also suitable.
  • plastic impressions can be produced from the side to be impressed and these plastic impressions as matrices for galvanic impressions use in nickel or in an iron / nickel alloy.
  • the fact that the structural elements are retained during the impression is particularly useful here. For this reason, for example, the surfaces of matrices and the tools that are electroplated from them are identical. A long service life can be expected for impression tools which consist of nickel or an iron / nickel alloy.
  • the side surface of the lamellae forms part of the structural elements in the edge region, at least these regions of the side surface, but better both side surfaces as a whole, are preferably smoothed out, for example by polishing, before carrying out the first step.
  • the machined surfaces should have a mirror finish. Both will Side surfaces previously processed by polishing, an exact plane parallelism of the side surfaces can be achieved at the same time. Exactly plane-parallel side surfaces are a prerequisite for the production of high-quality triple mirrors. By polishing the side surfaces, the thickness d of the slats is also set precisely.
  • the flat surface which is formed from the abutting straight edges of the stack of lamellae clamped together, is machined with a form diamond.
  • the processing is carried out with a ground diamond, the wedge angle of which is 90 °.
  • parallel, adjacent grooves of a width b - d V2 are introduced perpendicular to the side surfaces and preferably over the entire flat surface, so that a family of grooves with a groove spacing of d V2 and a groove depth of d / V2 is obtained results.
  • the side walls of the grooves therefore form squares with a side length d on the individual lamellae.
  • every second lamella is moved relative to the two adjacent lamellae by half the groove width b.
  • This step must be carried out with micrometer precision in the manufacture of precision impression tools and has the effect that the groove base of the triangular grooves of each first lamella lies in a common plane with the webs of every second lamella. The edges of all formed by the square sides The webs continue to lie parallel to the plane that was defined by the originally existing straight edges of the lamellae.
  • the desired structural elements are thus formed from the original plane formed from the straight edges of the lamellae.
  • the structural elements consist of three adjacent square sides of a cube, the diagonal of which is perpendicular to the original plane.
  • Every second slat is shifted relative to the two neighboring slats as indicated, it can be seen that all the slats can be divided into two groups of slats each geometrically arranged the same.
  • Each lamella of these two groups is preferably provided with two bores before the method described is carried out. These bores run in a plane parallel to the common plane defined by the sequence of the webs and grooves and thus in a plane that is perpendicular to the side surfaces.
  • the drilling channels enclose the angle ⁇ with the side surfaces.
  • the attachment points on the side surfaces of the slats, from which the holes are made, differ between the two groups of slats.
  • the bores are made with the help of a high-precision gauge that holds the lamellae at an angle a with stops for lateral adjustment.
  • the stack of lamellae is then produced in such a way that lamellae of the first group and lamellae of the second group alternate.
  • the arrangement of the lamellae machined in the edge region described above can then be carried out in such a way that the lamellae are pushed with their holes onto dowel pins in the same order. This considerably simplifies the process.
  • the molding tool consisting of the lamellae is preferably clamped in a prepared frame and machined to suitable external dimensions.
  • a method is particularly preferred in which lamellae with a thickness d of less than 500 ⁇ m are used. With such lamellae it is possible to produce particularly thin triple mirrors of the type mentioned at the outset, which cannot be produced using the known methods and molding tools.
  • the molding tool described is suitable without limitation for plastic impressions.
  • Applicable molding processes are hot stamping, injection stamping, injection molding and reaction casting. Reaction casting made it possible to produce triple mirrors made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) which, as the image of the cube-shaped structural elements, were identical to the molded structure and showed excellent reflection properties.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the impression tool according to the invention can also be used to produce secondary impression tools.
  • the secondary impression tools are obtained, for example, when the side to be molded is reproduced in metal using the known galvanic processes.
  • Several of the secondary impression tools can be put together in a block to produce triple mirrors whose area is larger than the area to be molded of a single impression tool.
  • the individual molding tools can be oriented at different angles to one another in order to compensate for solid angle dependencies of the structural elements in the molded triple mirror.
  • triple mirrors with larger areas can be produced by embossing a film several times with the molding tool.
  • Impression tools whose lamellae have a thickness d of less than 500 ⁇ m are particularly preferred.
  • the particular advantage of such triple mirrors is that they can be in the form of a very thin, maximum 1000 ⁇ m thick film.
  • the required thickness of a film results from the spatial diagonal of the cube, from the surfaces of which the structural elements consist.
  • the room diagonal is d «V3.
  • impression tools have already been produced from 180 ⁇ m thick lamellae.
  • the triple mirror can be made of bare metal or plastic. All that is necessary is a high reflectivity of the material and the ability to be molded with the molding tool according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to produce impression tools whose structural elements represent a cuboid.
  • the corresponding structure is then obtained when the tool is molded.
  • Triple molds are then also produced during the impression; however, these triple mirrors are poorer in their optical properties.
  • FIG. 1 shows a single slat
  • FIG. 2 shows a stack of such slats /
  • FIG. 4 shows different views of individual lamellae after tipping
  • FIG. 5 shows the surface of an impression tool to be molded.
  • the lamella was machined by polishing in the area of the side surfaces 2 and the straight edge 3, so that the side surfaces were exactly flat and were 400 ⁇ m apart at all points.
  • the straight edge 3 formed a narrow, exact plane .
  • FIG. 2 shows a stack of such slats 1, in which the side surfaces 2 abut one another and the straight edges 3 form a flat surface 4. The stack is fixed in a clamping tool (not shown).
  • FIG. 3 shows the stack of these lamellae 1, in which a plurality of grooves 5 were milled into the flat surface 4 with the aid of a form diamond whose wedge angle was 90 °.
  • the grooves 5 adjoin each other exactly, so that only webs 6 with edges of a negligible width remain from the flat surface 4.
  • Each groove 5 is delimited in each lamella 1 by two squares 7 with a side length d which are perpendicular to one another. A step-shaped edge region 13 is thus formed.
  • the two views drawn one above the other are intended to represent two adjacent lamellae 1a, 1b with a step-shaped edge region 13.
  • the second, lower lamella la belongs to the group of lamellae which are subsequently shifted by half the groove width. The shift has not yet been made in the figure. After the lamellae 1a, 1b have tilted, the lamellae enclose the angle a with a base or with the original plane 4 formed from the straight edges 3, as is clear from the sectional drawing.
  • the lamellae 1a, 1b were pierced twice in the manner described above.
  • the bores are designated by reference number 7. If the lamellae 1 a, 1 b lie congruently on one another and are then tilted, as indicated in FIG. 4, the bores 7 the second lamella la offset from the bores 7 of the first lamella lb by the amount d / V2.
  • the sectional drawing clearly shows that the bores 7 form an angle ⁇ with the base or the side surface 2a.
  • the webs 6 of the lamellae 1a, 1b are thus at this angle ⁇ to the original surface 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a detail from the side 8 to be molded of a finished impression tool.
  • the second group of lamellae la is shifted with respect to the first group of lamellae lb.
  • the webs 6 and the grooves 5 of adjacent lamellae 1a, 1b lie symmetrically in a common plane which is arranged perpendicular to the side 8 to be molded.
  • the spatial diagonal of the structural elements 9, which consist of three abutting squares 10, 11, 12 of a cube, is also perpendicular to the side 8 to be molded.
  • the holes 7 in the molding tool form continuous channels through which a dowel pin is pushed for fixing can.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil de modelage permettant de fabriquer un miroir triple et a) qui comporte un côté (7) modelant sur lequel se trouvent dans un plan, des éléments structuraux qui se répètent périodiquement et se présentent sous forme de trois surfaces contiguës d'un cube dont les diagonales dans l'espace sont orientées perpendiculairement au plan, b) qui se compose d'un certain nombre de lamelles (1) d'une épaisseur (d) avec deux surfaces latérales planes et une zone d'arête en gradins dans laquelle une pluralité de côtés carrés d'une longueur latérale (d) sont empilés verticalement et sont formés en tant que partie des éléments structuraux, c) les surfaces latérales des lamelles sont reliées entre elles et les zones d'arête des lamelles se jouxtent, e) chaque lamelle est décalée de d/∑2 par rapport à la lamelle voisine et e) forme un angle α = 4,736° avec le plan. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d'un outil de modelage de ce type dans lequel des rainures triangulaires sont fraisées dans une pile de lamelles (1), ainsi que de nouveaux miroirs triples munis d'éléments structuraux cubiques dont la longueur d'arête est inférieure à 500 νm.
PCT/EP1993/001868 1993-01-30 1993-07-16 Outil de modelage, son procede de fabrication et miroir triple WO1994018581A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4302631.1 1993-01-30
DE4302631 1993-01-30

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WO1994018581A1 true WO1994018581A1 (fr) 1994-08-18

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29707066U1 (de) * 1997-04-21 1997-08-14 Imos Gubela Gmbh Mikroretroflektor
EP0844056A1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1998-05-27 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Matrice microprisme
EP0885705A1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1998-12-23 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Procede de fabrication d'une matrice microprisme
US5898523A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-04-27 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Tiled retroreflective sheeting composed of highly canted cube corner elements
EP0951383A1 (fr) * 1996-05-30 1999-10-27 Stimsonite Corporation Articles retroreflechissants comportant des microcubes, et leurs outils et procedes de fabrication
US5981032A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-11-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and sheeting formed therefrom
US6253442B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-07-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and method for making the same
US6257860B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-07-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Cube corner sheeting mold and method of making the same
US6302992B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-10-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting, molds therefore, and methods of making the same
DE10216579A1 (de) * 2002-04-14 2003-10-23 Sen Hans-Erich Gubela Weitwinkelsensorsystem mit Tripelreflektor und Herstellung der Werkzeuge
WO2004081288A3 (fr) * 2003-03-06 2005-04-14 3M Innovative Properties Co Procede de fabrication de lamelles microstructures, et appareil
US7152983B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2006-12-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7188960B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2007-03-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting having high retroreflectance at low observation angles
DE102016001543A1 (de) 2016-02-10 2017-08-10 Optoflux GmbH Retro-Rückstrahler

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DE1917292A1 (de) * 1969-04-03 1970-10-15 Hans Hillesheim Formteil mit reflektierenden Prismen und Form zur Herstellung derselben
US3922065A (en) * 1968-05-31 1975-11-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Cube-corner retro-reflective article
US4189209A (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-02-19 Ferro Corporation Retroreflector of integrated light reflecting units of varying configurations
EP0356005A1 (fr) * 1988-07-26 1990-02-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Matériel efficace pour un rétroréflecteur

Patent Citations (4)

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US3922065A (en) * 1968-05-31 1975-11-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Cube-corner retro-reflective article
DE1917292A1 (de) * 1969-04-03 1970-10-15 Hans Hillesheim Formteil mit reflektierenden Prismen und Form zur Herstellung derselben
US4189209A (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-02-19 Ferro Corporation Retroreflector of integrated light reflecting units of varying configurations
EP0356005A1 (fr) * 1988-07-26 1990-02-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Matériel efficace pour un rétroréflecteur

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0844056B1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 2003-04-09 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Matrice microprisme
EP0844056A1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1998-05-27 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Matrice microprisme
EP0885705A1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1998-12-23 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Procede de fabrication d'une matrice microprisme
EP0885705A4 (fr) * 1995-07-28 2001-01-17 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk Procede de fabrication d'une matrice microprisme
EP2246182A3 (fr) * 1996-05-30 2013-01-09 Avery Dennison Corporation Articles rétroréfléchissants comportant des microcubes, et leurs outils et procédés de fabrication
EP0951383A1 (fr) * 1996-05-30 1999-10-27 Stimsonite Corporation Articles retroreflechissants comportant des microcubes, et leurs outils et procedes de fabrication
USRE40700E1 (en) 1996-05-30 2009-04-14 Avery Dennison Corporation Retroreflective articles having microcubes, and tools and methods for forming microcubes
US6015214A (en) * 1996-05-30 2000-01-18 Stimsonite Corporation Retroreflective articles having microcubes, and tools and methods for forming microcubes
USRE40455E1 (en) 1996-05-30 2008-08-12 Avery Dennison Corporation Retroreflective articles having microcubes, and tools and methods for forming microcubes
US6767102B1 (en) 1996-05-30 2004-07-27 Avery Dennison Corporation Retroreflective articles having microcubes, and tools and methods for forming microcubes
EP0951383A4 (fr) * 1996-05-30 2001-05-30 Avery Dennison Corp Articles retroreflechissants comportant des microcubes, et leurs outils et procedes de fabrication
DE29707066U1 (de) * 1997-04-21 1997-08-14 Imos Gubela Gmbh Mikroretroflektor
US6253442B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-07-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and method for making the same
US5898523A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-04-27 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Tiled retroreflective sheeting composed of highly canted cube corner elements
US6318987B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Cube corner sheeting mold and method of making the same
US6386855B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2002-05-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Cube corner sheeting mold and of making the same
US6447878B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2002-09-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and sheeting formed therefrom
US6533887B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2003-03-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting, molds therefore, and methods of making the same
US6257860B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-07-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Cube corner sheeting mold and method of making the same
US6114009A (en) * 1997-07-02 2000-09-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Asymmetric retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and sheeting formed therefrom
US6120881A (en) * 1997-07-02 2000-09-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and sheeting formed therefrom
US6302992B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2001-10-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting, molds therefore, and methods of making the same
US5981032A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-11-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective cube corner sheeting mold and sheeting formed therefrom
DE10216579A1 (de) * 2002-04-14 2003-10-23 Sen Hans-Erich Gubela Weitwinkelsensorsystem mit Tripelreflektor und Herstellung der Werkzeuge
US7135671B2 (en) 2002-04-14 2006-11-14 Gubela Sr Hans-Erich Wide-angle sensor system with a cube corner reflector, and production of the molds
US7268340B2 (en) 2002-04-14 2007-09-11 Gubela Sr Hans-Erich Wide-angle sensor system with a cube corner reflector, and production of the molds
WO2004081288A3 (fr) * 2003-03-06 2005-04-14 3M Innovative Properties Co Procede de fabrication de lamelles microstructures, et appareil
US8016435B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2011-09-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7261424B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2007-08-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting having high retroreflectance at low observation angles
US7188960B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2007-03-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting having high retroreflectance at low observation angles
US7329012B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2008-02-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7174619B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2007-02-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods of making microstructured lamina and apparatus
US7422334B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2008-09-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7156527B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2007-01-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7556386B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2009-07-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7722197B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2010-05-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
EP2260970A3 (fr) * 2003-03-06 2011-01-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédé pour la production de lamelles microstructurées et dispositif
US7261426B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2007-08-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US7152983B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2006-12-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Lamina comprising cube corner elements and retroreflective sheeting
US8851686B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2014-10-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
US8998428B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2015-04-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
US9188715B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2015-11-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
US9470822B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2016-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
US10884166B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2021-01-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
US10101509B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2018-10-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
US10495792B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2019-12-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including cube corner elements
DE102016001543A1 (de) 2016-02-10 2017-08-10 Optoflux GmbH Retro-Rückstrahler

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