WO1994017427A1 - Sensor zur erfassung der bestrahlungsstärke und des einfallswinkels der sonnenstrahlung - Google Patents
Sensor zur erfassung der bestrahlungsstärke und des einfallswinkels der sonnenstrahlung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994017427A1 WO1994017427A1 PCT/DE1994/000058 DE9400058W WO9417427A1 WO 1994017427 A1 WO1994017427 A1 WO 1994017427A1 DE 9400058 W DE9400058 W DE 9400058W WO 9417427 A1 WO9417427 A1 WO 9417427A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor according
- receiving surface
- angle
- incidence
- photo elements
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/16—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. forming hybrid circuits
- H01L25/167—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. forming hybrid circuits comprising optoelectronic devices, e.g. LED, photodiodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/24—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control
- B64G1/36—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control using sensors, e.g. sun-sensors, horizon sensors
- B64G1/363—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control using sensors, e.g. sun-sensors, horizon sensors using sun sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
- G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor for detecting the irradiance and the angle of incidence of solar radiation, which contains several photo elements.
- the disadvantage of the known sensor device is that due to the arrangement of the photo elements in different planes, an integration of the entire system of photo elements on a chip is not possible.
- the detection of the angle of incidence of the solar radiation by means of photo elements with different inclinations is relatively imprecise and therefore does not permit any more precise evaluation methods.
- the sensor according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that all photo elements can be arranged in a single plane, so that the entire system can be integrated on a single chip. As a result, a very large number of photo elements, such as photo diodes, photo cells or photo transistors,
- the detection of the different irradiance levels in different areas of the receiving surface can therefore be carried out very precisely and allows a very precise evaluation of the angle of incidence and the irradiance at a high level
- the measuring opening is expediently formed by the opening of a tube piece containing the receiving surface, the receiving surface being substantially perpendicular to the
- the pipe section in particular has a circular cross section. This creates defined conditions and prevents different amounts of scattered light from reaching the receiving surface depending on the respective angle of incidence.
- the receiving surface is mirrored. This arrangement enables the irradiation to be recorded from almost the entire half-space.
- Optical arrangement is that a collecting lens is provided which closes the measuring opening. This is designed to focus the incident light essentially on the plane of the receiving surface. This makes possible a natural projection of the sky onto the recording surface, with different, very small areas of the recording surface and therefore very few photo elements being irradiated very intensively at different angles of incidence.
- the use of a combination of a mirrored inner surface and converging lens is particularly favorable in order to combine the advantages of both options.
- the recording area is designed as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor or as an optoelectronic multi-chip area (multichip array).
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- the receiving surface with the photo elements is expediently part of an integrated ASIC component, which can form part of an evaluation electronics for the photo elements.
- This evaluation electronics can additionally have a microprocessor and / or an AD converter and / or a DA converter and / or at least one memory, it being possible for the entire system - receiving area and evaluation electronics - to be integrated on a chip or at least mounted on a card is. This enables direct measurement value acquisition and digitized data exchange and ease of dialogue with other sensor units, such as an electronic level, an air pressure meter, an altimeter and the like.
- the evaluation electronics expediently contain means for adding up the detected irradiance levels of the individual photo elements or for evaluating the most irradiated photo element on the basis of its characteristic curve. Furthermore, computing means are provided for assigning the light distribution on the photo elements to an angle of incidence, for example in the case of the most irradiated photo element whose coordinates are assigned to the angular position of the sun in the recording matrix.
- An advantageous possibility of using this sensor is to assign a position setting device for the geographical position of the evaluation electronics, means being provided for determining the time on the basis of stored empirical values from the geographical position, the angle of incidence and the irradiance.
- a timer can also be assigned to the evaluation electronics, in which case means are provided for determining the geographic position on the basis of stored empirical values from the time, the angle of incidence and the irradiance.
- the sensor shown as an exemplary embodiment in the single figure essentially consists of a tubular housing 10 with a circular cross-section, wherein other cross-sectional shapes are also possible for special applications.
- An optical converging lens 11 is arranged on the upper tube opening of the tubular housing 10.
- a plurality of photo elements 12 are arranged on a mounting plate 13, the plane of which is arranged perpendicular to the tube axis.
- An evaluation electronics 14 is additionally arranged on this mounting plate 13 net.
- the tubular housing 10 has an internal mirroring 15 above the receiving plate 13.
- the photo elements 12 can be photo diodes, photo cells, photo transistors or the like. act.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- the evaluation electronics 14 consist, for example, of a microprocessor 16, an A / D converter 17 for converting the analog signals of the photo elements 12 into digital signals for the microprocessor 16.
- the microprocessor 16 usually has a ROM 18 and a RAM 19 as a memory assigned. Furthermore, an I / O circuit 20 for
- the elements 16-20 of the evaluation electronics 14 can be integrated together with the photo elements 12 on a single chip.
- the evaluation electronics 14 can also be arranged as a separate chip or in the form of separate components on the underside of the mounting plate 13, as shown in the figure. Another possibility is to combine the photo elements 12 in one
- the sensor described is mounted in a horizontal position, that is to say in a horizontal position of the mounting plate 13, at a fixed or movable location, for example on a vehicle for land travel, sea travel or aerospace.
- The, for example, obliquely incident sunlight is focused on one of the photo elements 12 by means of the converging lens 11, which, depending on the type of focusing, can also be a plurality of photo elements 12.
- One in ROM Program 18 contains the evaluation with the help of the microprocessor 16 and intelligently evaluates the image of the sky on the recording plate 13.
- the microprocessor 16 searches for the photo element 12 which is most strongly irradiated and calculates with respect to its coordinates on the recording plate 13 the angular position of the sun and according to its characteristic the actual irradiance.
- a summation can also be carried out in such a way that the irradiance levels recorded individually by all the photo elements 12 are added.
- the direction of travel of the vehicle can also be determined via the angle of incidence of the solar radiation, since it can change very quickly in contrast to the sun.
- the image of the sky migrates to another photo element 12 or to another area of photo elements.
- the light is reflected onto the photo elements 12 via the internal mirroring 15.
- the light distribution on the photo elements 12 is then compared with empirical values in order to arrive at a reproducible measuring angle.
- the internal mirroring 15 may be provided. If only the internal mirroring 15 is provided, there are light and dark areas on the photo elements 12, which allow a conclusion on the angle of incidence ⁇ by comparison with stored light distributions.
- the sensor described is to be used as part of a navigation system, it can be used in the evaluation electronics 14 a clock can be integrated.
- the geographical location of the measurement location can then be determined with the aid of stored empirical values. However, this requires that either an exactly horizontal sensor position is maintained or that a deviation from the horizontal position is measured and taken into account accordingly.
- the senor can also be used to determine the time by entering the geographic position data in a manner not shown. The time can then be determined from these in connection with the angle of incidence and the irradiance.
- the sensor described is of course also able to distinguish the day-night cycle by means of the irradiance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4302442A DE4302442A1 (de) | 1993-01-29 | 1993-01-29 | Sensor zur Erfassung der Bestrahlungsstärke und des Einfallwinkels der Sonnenstrahlung |
DEP4302442.4 | 1993-01-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994017427A1 true WO1994017427A1 (de) | 1994-08-04 |
Family
ID=6479167
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1994/000058 WO1994017427A1 (de) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-25 | Sensor zur erfassung der bestrahlungsstärke und des einfallswinkels der sonnenstrahlung |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4302442A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994017427A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0625692A1 (de) † | 1992-11-06 | 1994-11-23 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Pyrheliometrischer sensor |
US20090249787A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2009-10-08 | Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E. V. | Method for controlling the alignment of a heliostat with respect to a receiver, heliostat device and solar power plant |
WO2010123399A1 (ru) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | Ermakov Oleg Ivanovich | Измерение угловых координат светящегося ориентира |
EP2469290A2 (de) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | Silicon Micro Sensors GmbH | Strahlungsrichtungssensor und Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Einfallswinkels einer Strahlungsquelle |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19544893C2 (de) | 1995-12-01 | 1998-07-23 | Daimler Benz Ag | Klimaanlage zur sonneneinstrahlungsabhängigen Klimatisierung eines Fahrzeuginnenraums |
US6795120B2 (en) | 1996-05-17 | 2004-09-21 | Sony Corporation | Solid-state imaging apparatus and camera using the same |
US6297740B1 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 2001-10-02 | Control Devices, Inc. | Solar radiation sensor |
DE29804139U1 (de) * | 1998-03-09 | 1998-10-22 | Bamberger, Walter, 85137 Walting | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Farbtemperatur, des IR-Anteils und der Helligkeit von Tageslicht |
JP3882378B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-27 | 2007-02-14 | 株式会社デンソー | 光センサ |
DE19952945B4 (de) * | 1999-11-03 | 2006-07-13 | Siemens Ag | System zum Eliminieren von Blendungen einer eine Szene durch eine Scheibe hindurch beobachtenden Person sowie Scheibe |
DE10046785C2 (de) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-11-21 | Jena Optronik Gmbh | Anordnung zur Bestimmung des Einfallswinkels von Licht |
JP3965999B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-02 | 2007-08-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両の日射検出装置及びそれを用いた車両用空調装置 |
ITBO20050500A1 (it) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-01-27 | Alma Mater Studiorum Uni Di Bologna | Sensore di sole per l'orientamento di corpi |
DE102005047061A1 (de) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Strahlungsdetektor |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1266985B (de) * | 1965-09-09 | 1968-04-25 | Leitz Ernst Gmbh | Anordnung zum Messen der Winkelablage einer Marke von einer Geraden |
US4041307A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1977-08-09 | Rca Corporation | Positioning a platform with respect to rays of a light source |
JPS59108971A (ja) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-06-23 | Nec Corp | サンセンサ |
JPH0299811A (ja) * | 1988-10-06 | 1990-04-11 | Toshiba Corp | 太陽センサ |
EP0489644A2 (de) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-10 | Imra Europe S.A. | Gerät zur Bestimmung des Azimuts und der Höhe einer Lichtquelle |
-
1993
- 1993-01-29 DE DE4302442A patent/DE4302442A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-01-25 WO PCT/DE1994/000058 patent/WO1994017427A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1266985B (de) * | 1965-09-09 | 1968-04-25 | Leitz Ernst Gmbh | Anordnung zum Messen der Winkelablage einer Marke von einer Geraden |
US4041307A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1977-08-09 | Rca Corporation | Positioning a platform with respect to rays of a light source |
JPS59108971A (ja) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-06-23 | Nec Corp | サンセンサ |
JPH0299811A (ja) * | 1988-10-06 | 1990-04-11 | Toshiba Corp | 太陽センサ |
EP0489644A2 (de) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-10 | Imra Europe S.A. | Gerät zur Bestimmung des Azimuts und der Höhe einer Lichtquelle |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 309 (P - 1071)<4252> 4 July 1990 (1990-07-04) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 8, no. 228 (P - 308)<1665> 19 October 1984 (1984-10-19) * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0625692A1 (de) † | 1992-11-06 | 1994-11-23 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Pyrheliometrischer sensor |
EP0625692B2 (de) † | 1992-11-06 | 2004-05-19 | Denso Corporation | Pyrheliometrischer sensor |
US20090249787A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2009-10-08 | Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E. V. | Method for controlling the alignment of a heliostat with respect to a receiver, heliostat device and solar power plant |
US8651100B2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2014-02-18 | Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Method for controlling the alignment of a heliostat with respect to a receiver, heliostat device and solar power plant |
WO2010123399A1 (ru) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | Ermakov Oleg Ivanovich | Измерение угловых координат светящегося ориентира |
EP2469290A2 (de) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | Silicon Micro Sensors GmbH | Strahlungsrichtungssensor und Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Einfallswinkels einer Strahlungsquelle |
DE102010064140A1 (de) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Silicon Micro Sensors Gmbh | Strahlungsrichtungssensor und Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Einfallswinkels einer Strahlungsquelle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4302442A1 (de) | 1994-08-04 |
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