WO1994017249A1

WO1994017249A1 - Oil barrier

Info

Publication number: WO1994017249A1
Application number: PCT/DE1994/000008
Authority: WO
Inventors: Helmut Schiwek
Original assignee: Helmut Schiwek
Priority date: 1993-01-23
Filing date: 1994-01-08
Publication date: 1994-08-04
Also published as: EP0680536B1; RU2129637C1; US5688074A; JPH08505671A; CA2154563A1; ATE145954T1; AU5856894A; AU683638B2; NO952894D0; KR960700382A; BR9406153A; PL310041A1; EP0680536A1; GR3022732T3; DK0680536T3; PL173813B1; DE59401208D1; NO952894L; ES2098917T3

Abstract

In order to control oil accidents and to prevent the oil film drifting on the water from spreading, an oil adsorber (1) is provided, in particular shaped as a barrier (2). This barrier (2) is designed in two parts. Both cells (9, 10) are completely filled with glass fiber material or with corresponding fiber mats (11, 12). The glass fibers (28, 30) of the top cell (9) are waterproofed by an appropriate coating, whereas the fibers of the bottom cell (10) are not treated, so that they absorb water (6). In both cases epoxy resin or a synthetic resin having the same or similar properties are used, so that a long service life is achieved with optimum solidity and design possibilities. The oil adsorbers (1) thus obtained may be used both as barriers (2) and as flat suction elements, for example to clear bilge waters from ships (3). It is also conceivable to use the flat or funnel-shaped elements for collecting components of an aqueous solution, for example.

Description

Oil barrier

Description

The invention relates to an oil barrier which floats on the water for the containment and simultaneous absorption of oil or similar substances, consisting of inorganic fibers which are coated with a hydrophobizing binder and which are shaped into a long, thick fiber strand.

As oil transporters get bigger and bigger, the danger to the environment from leaking oil increases. As a result of oil spills in recent years, entire coastlines have been heavily contaminated and marine life among the endangered areas has been completely destroyed. Attempts have therefore been made - also in the Gulf War - off the coast, particularly of Saudi Arabia, to prevent the oil which has once escaped from spreading and to take it up again by suitable means. According to FR-PS 2 646 189, attempts have been made to blow hydrophobic mineral fibers onto the water surface. The oil should accumulate on these fibers so that they can then be more easily absorbed and disposed of as a mass. The fibers are hydrophobicized with silicone oil, and because of the short fibers, a sinking of these fibers cannot be avoided, so that contamination and pollution of the seabed continue to occur. From GB-PS 1 235 463 a method is known in which the oil lying on the water is to be absorbed via inorganic fibers, the fibers being previously provided with a water-repellent material. The fibers therefore float on the oil and lead to the accumulation of the oil, which is then removed from the fibers by burning. Apart from the fact that the simple burning off of the oil absorbed by the fibers is not economically justifiable, the burning of the oil alone has a considerable environmental impact. In addition, the storage capacity of the inorganic see fibers minimally, so that only small amounts of oil can be quickly and safely absorbed by the water. It is particularly disadvantageous that in all of these known solutions the fibers are loosely applied to the water surface, so that it is generally not possible to prevent the oil pool which has emerged or appeared from spreading further. For this purpose, the proposal is made in German Patent DE-PS 41 40 247 to form a barrier from glass wool materials which have been rendered hydrophobic in this way, by introducing these glass fibers into a perforated tube. Through the perforation, the oil can enter the hose and the glass wool, where the oil is then bound accordingly and held until the barrier is removed from the water and disposed of. The disadvantage here is that this oil adsorber or the corresponding barrier floats on top of the water surface, so that it cannot be avoided that oil flows under the barrier into the area beyond the barrier when the waves swell.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an oil adsorber which can be easily placed on the water and taken up again from there and which lies securely in the water even at high seas so that the oil cannot overcome it and which is also good to produce and is safe to use.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the fiber strand is designed as a barrier and, viewed in the longitudinal direction and in height, has at least two areas, of which one area is coated with hydrophobic fiber mats and the other area is coated with untreated or with a hydrophilic binder and thus water receiving fiber mats are filled.

This design has the surprising effect that the oil barrier is always in the same shape on the water surface. area because the fiber mats in the lower area "soak up" water very quickly, so that here a type of keel is specified, which thus ensures an exact position of the barrier. This means that the oil slick cannot pass under the barrier even when the waves are high and, moreover, the fact that the oil barrier is always in the same and safe position means that the oil does not run over it. The hydrophobicized fiber mats arranged in the upper area or in the corresponding cell ensure that the oil present is stored safely and that the oil barrier as a whole floats up. The additional effect that the buoyancy of the barrier is increased is achieved by the storage.

According to an expedient embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the areas are designed as cells and are dimensioned differently in terms of volume, with the cell immersed in water and receiving the hydrophilic fiber mats provided with a water-insoluble binder about 1/10 to 1 / 3 of the volume of the cell of the barrier largely floating on the water. This configuration ensures that the oil adsorber always floats on top of the water, the cell lying in the water with the non-hydrophobicized fiber mats advantageously acting as a keel. The size and volume ratios ensure, however, that the "keel" only serves as an underwater protection or as a sword, which ensures that the oil adsorber or the oil barrier is always in the same position and prevents oil from flowing underneath. For this purpose, the lower cell is expediently designed as a nose-shaped attachment, so that both parts are manufactured separately and can then be joined together. Other designs, such as the connection of the two cells via a web, are also conceivable.

Another expedient training provides that the glass fibers of the fiber mats with an epoxy and / or methylon or polyester resin, hardener, methyl polysiloxane or Silicon methyl resin and dust binders (hydrophobic) or a binder (hydrophilic) consisting of epoxy and / or methylon or polyester resin, hardener and dust binder are coated for the fiber mats, which have previously been mixed to form an emulsion or as individual or multicomponent material is sprayed onto the fibers, specifically separately on the fiber mats of the upper and lower cells. The appropriate preparation of the binder and its design ensure that the individual fibers joined to form mats or shaped bodies have high stability and sufficient flexibility. They can thus be used several times, in particular also because the use of the epoxy resin ensures a practically unlimited service life. If necessary, the individual barrier can be disposed of on the ship or also brought to the country and disposed of there in order to be used again. It is harmless if small amounts of oil remain in the barrier, because this oil promotes buoyancy rather than can have adverse effects. The coating described and the corresponding binder also have the advantage that they are resistant to very many substances and have extremely good adhesive properties with respect to glass. The binder can thus be applied and processed in a skilful manner, form a glass fiber mesh mat which has a high level of stability and which is particularly suitable for the measures provided here which strongly affect the mesh mat.

For the materials normally used, it is advantageous if the glass fibers are coated with 6 to 9% by weight of epoxy and / or methylon resin, 0.5 to 4% by weight of silicone resin and, as is known, a small amount of dust binder. The corresponding amounts, in particular of epoxy resin, can in particular approach or reach the upper limit if a corresponding rigidity is not to be achieved by epoxy resin and the bulk density, but only by the type of epoxy resin as such and with it low spatial density. The epoxy resin has the advantage that it can be processed at relatively low temperatures, so that processing temperatures of 20 to 30 ° are sufficient. Depending on the desired stiffness of the fiber mats, the proportion of the epoxy resin in particular can be changed upwards, as already mentioned.

To increase the tensile strength but also to give the barrier a specific shape, it is advantageous if the cell of the barrier which is immersed in water is formed by a nose-shaped narrowing, both cells being made of a perforated tube or a thin glass sheet or the like. Ä. Sheathing are included. This enables favorable shaping and at the same time specifically specifies a certain wedge shape for the cell immersed in water.

The possibility of producing a binder from various resins is mentioned above. However, it is also conceivable for the fiber mat for the large-volume cell to be made from around 3 μm thick glass fibers, a long-chain starch with silicone additives being used as the binder, and the fiber mats of the cell in the water having a density of around 80 kg / m ³ . The starch is made hydrophobic by means of the silicone admixtures, while it itself serves as an advantageous binder which is rendered water-insoluble by the silicone admixtures and the subsequent heat treatment. This results in a fiber which can be joined together with appropriate coating to form fiber mats which can have practically any density, these mats then expediently being rolled up in such a way that a round strand of fibers results therefrom. The oil or similar substances accumulate on this fiber, so that an appropriately trained oil adsorber absorbs large amounts of such substances and, as already mentioned, does not let them pass under any circumstances. Mixtures of silicone resins and latex or similar components are also conceivable in order to obtain the starch in this way. if this proves to be advantageous. Latex is also insoluble in water in this way. For the cell in the water, material is expediently used in which the fibers of the fiber mats for the cell immersed in water are coated with a water-insoluble binder. This binding agent can be carefully hydrophilic, so that it virtually also adheres to water, whereby the desired effect of the securing sword for the oil barrier is achieved even more quickly and safely.

To ensure ease of handling, the invention provides that the oil barrier has brackets which facilitate laying work and taking back and which are shaped in a corresponding manner with the brackets attached to the outboard side of the ships. The brackets attached to the outboard side of the ships can have a trough shape, so that the oil barrier is simply placed in them, or else they are literally fixed, the special design of the oil barrier ensuring that the oil once taken up by the oil barrier is effectively held until the barrier is disposed of on land or on the ship. The oil barrier, which is filled with oil, can advantageously not pollute the actual ship because the oil is held in the barrier.

An oil adsorber is particularly suitable for use at sea, where wind and waves cause particularly high stresses, in which more than two, preferably four, cells with a decreasing diameter form a barrier are movably connected to one another, the cells forming the storage cell and a wedge-shaped cell being formed as a drag sword forming the guide cell. This design results in an overall structure which optimally adapts to the wave movements and in this way prevents the oil from "spilling over". The lower cells hanging in the water are filled with hydrophilic material so that they act as a keel, whereby it but it is also conceivable that alternate fillings are provided so that oil floating under the water surface can still be safely absorbed. It is advantageous here that such an arrangement creates an overall stable structure that is nevertheless easy to place on the water and that can also be handled safely with conventional aids.

In order to be able to withstand the high loads even during a storm and also to enable maneuvering with the oil barrier, the invention provides that a trailing cable, preferably integrated in the overall body, is arranged between the individual cells and is designed as a glass fiber cable . The integration prevents individual parts of the oil barrier from being torn off. Rather, all parts hang, i.e. H. all cells on the trailing cable, so that no impairment can occur even in high winds. It is of course also conceivable to attach one or more of these trailing cables to the outside of the individual cells, it also being possible for the cables to be integrated into the tissue surrounding the cells. The design as a glass fiber cable has the advantage that the cable can then be disposed of together with the entire oil barrier, for example by melting.

It has already been pointed out above that the use of long-chain starch and silicone resin can also be advantageous, silicone resin being easy to process. It is advantageous if the corresponding binder consisting of long-chain starch and silicone resin is added in an amount of 6-8% (94-96% starch and 4-6% silicone or silicone resin). The relatively high proportion of the starch + silicone binder offers the certainty that all fibers are sufficiently coated so that neither nests form nor areas in which there is insufficient binding. Effective binding of the individual fibers to one another is precisely for the intended application. which is important, firstly, to ensure the necessary absorption volume and, secondly, to be able to absorb the high tractive forces better.

The invention is characterized in that an oil adsorber is created which is versatile and, above all, can be used several times. The oil barrier is easy to manufacture and has a high tensile strength both as a result of the sheathing and its design as such, so that correspondingly long barriers which are heavy due to the absorption of the oil have to be handled. The individual cells of the oil barrier are once equipped with hydrophobic and once with hydrophilic fiber material, epoxy resin with hardener being used in particular for the hydrophilic area of the barrier. This material also contributes to the fact that barriers produced therefrom have a high tensile strength and are therefore extremely good and can be used in many ways. These overall barriers also pose no problems for disposal because they can be melted without any problems. The barrier can then be recycled. This also applies if a trailing cable is integrated in the barrier because it is also made of glass fibers. In addition, such a trailing cable has extremely high tensile forces. Above all, however, the two-cell or multi-cell design of the oil barrier means that oil cannot be overcome when the sea is rough. This applies both to the overwater and to the underwater part, which can have an appropriate shape to make it even more difficult to overcome by the oil.

Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention result from the following description of the associated drawing, in which a preferred embodiment is shown with the necessary details and individual parts. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a ship surrounding a barrier from which oil has spilled or the oil should record

2 shows a section through the barrier with narrowing,

3 shows a section through the barrier with an integrally formed attachment and corresponding sheathing,

Fig. 4 a barrier with hood,

Fig. 5 a plate-like design of the barrier,

Fig. 6 an endless link belt for shaping a corresponding barrier and

Fig. 7 a section through such an endless link belt to illustrate the corresponding deformation of the barrier,

8 shows a section through an oil barrier with a multi-part sink part,

Fig. 9 shows a section through an oil barrier like Fig. 8 with an additional trailing cable and

FIG. 10 shows a section through an oil barrier like FIG. 9 with a drag sword.

Fig. 1 shows an annular oil adsorber 1, which is placed in the form of a barrier 2 around a ship 3, which travels in an oil pool or oil surface 5 floating on the water surface 4 or is fixed here, for example in order to take up the floating oil again. But it can also be the wrecked ship, only then it would have to be designed as an oil tanker. Since this is a kind of section and perspective representation, it can be seen that a correspondingly thick oil layer 8 has been deposited on the water 6 or on the water surface 4.

On the ship 3, brackets 7 are provided on the outboard side, on which the oil adsorber 1 is mounted during the journey. This gives, for example in oil tankers, the possibility of bringing this oil adsorber onto the water surface 4 in the event of problems occurring at short notice in order to to prevent a corresponding oil slick or oil surface 5 from spreading in advance.

2 and 3 illustrate that the oil adsorber 1 and the barrier 2 are multicellular. The larger cell 9 is filled with a fiber mat 11, which consists of hydrophobized glass fibers 28. These glass fibers 28 are coated here, for example, with epoxy resin, hardener, silicone resin and dust binder, so that they can absorb and add water, for example, but no water, so that this barrier 2 simultaneously has one Multiple function fulfilled.

The cell 10, which is smaller in volume, is filled with a non-hydrophobicized fiber mat 12, which is indicated by the corresponding line spacing. This smaller cell 10 and its shape result in a kind of sword under the actual oil adsorber 1, which makes it difficult or impossible to get under the oil and which at the same time ensures that the barrier floats on the water 6 in the reproduced form without becoming closed twist and thereby possibly become ineffective.

3, a nasal approach 14 is provided. The figure shows that these are actually two parts, which are combined to form a structural unit by gluing the outer jacket of the cell 10 to the cell 9. A holder or a reinforcement can be dispensed with because the glass fibers 28 hydrophobicized by the abovementioned binder 29 form such a strong framework that high tensile forces can be absorbed. In addition, a glass fleece 35 is applied to the outside of the outer wall 36, by means of which the tensile strength is additionally significantly increased.

While the nose-shaped extension 14 is provided according to FIG. 3, which represents a component consisting of two parts, a one-piece oil adsorber 1 is shown according to FIG. 2. Here the perforated hose 16 the larger cell 9 as well as the narrowing 15 are also surrounded, and the shape of the hose or the oil adsorber is predefined in accordance with the respective application.

Both from FIG. 2 and from FIG. 3 it is made clear that the individual glass fibers 28 or 30 can be made hydrophobic with different binders 29 or 32. In the former case, epoxy resin is mixed with the silicone resin and the other parts, while in the second case starch is additionally processed. The glass fibers 30, which are accommodated in the smaller cell 10, are kept hydrophilic by dispensing with silicone. The corresponding binder is designated 31.

4, a hood 34 is additionally provided in the upper part, which is held at a distance from the actual outer wall 36 by means of spacers 33, so that the automatically released gas can accumulate here. This leads to an increase in buoyancy. Fig. 4 also illustrates the special design of the sheath 37, here in the form of glass fibers, so that the barrier 2 has a very high tensile strength in its entire length and can also be disposed of inexpensively because they are made of the same material, namely is made of glass.

5 shows a variant in that the barrier is to be formed from a corresponding number of flat mats 38. The individual mats 38 are either individually or entirely surrounded by the casing 37 or the glass fleece 35. This flat mat 38, in particular in the form of individual partial bodies, can in particular also be used to dispose of the bilge from ships by first throwing the mat onto the water surface in order to absorb the oil and then later after removal the mats 38 to dispose of the oil.

6 and 7 show suggestions as the mats 38 or but also the round barriers 2 can be produced on the strand. The endless link belt 40 consists of a plurality of individual links 41, 42, which according to. Fig. 7 are arranged or shaped so that there is an approximately circular, elongated tube with a corresponding nasenför igen approach. The individual links 41, 42, 41 ', 42' arranged opposite each other are slidably arranged so that different spatial densities can be produced accordingly.

Fig. 8 shows an oil barrier, which consists of several, here a total of four cells, namely cells 9, 10, 47, 48. As illustrated, these individual cells 9, 10, 47, 48 are hooked or woven into each other, so that the overall structure can advantageously move without the risk that oil or oil-like products can escape between the individual cells. Since the cells hanging in the water, i.e. at least the cells 47 and 48 are filled with hydrophilic material, they advantageously act as a lowering sword and ensure that the floating cell 11 in particular cannot rise from the water level.

The same in principle also applies to the embodiment according to FIG. 9, with trailing cable 44 being integrated in the barrier 2 here as in FIG. 8. In addition, a further trailing cable 45 is provided in order to make it difficult to pull it out of the water or lift it off the water surface. For this purpose, it would also be conceivable to also assign such a trailing cable to the cell 48. In a departure from the other designs, the floatable part here consists of at least three cells 9, 9 ', 9' ', while the cell 10 can also be filled with hydrophilic or else hydrophobic material, depending on what is expected in the application.

The difference according to FIG. 10 differs from that according to FIG. 9 only in that instead of one against the other on the movable cells 47, 48 a single drag sword 46 is provided here. In this embodiment, a trailing cable 45 is again integrated at the bottom of this drag sword, which further increases the lowering sword effect of this drag sword 46.

All of the features mentioned, including those that can be seen in the drawings alone, are regarded as essential to the invention, alone and in combination.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Oil barrier, which floats on the water for the containment and simultaneous absorption of oil or similar substances, consisting of inorganic fibers, which are coated with a hydrophobizing binder and formed into a long, thick fiber strand, characterized in that the fiber strand acts as a barrier (2) and has at least two areas (9, 10) seen in the longitudinal direction and in height, one area (9) with hydrophobic fiber mats (11) and the other area (10) with non-woven treated or coated with hydrophilic binder and thus water (6) absorbing fiber mats (12).

2. Oil barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas are formed as cells (9, 10) and are dimensioned differently in terms of volume, the water mats being immersed in the water (6), the hydrophilic and provided with a water-insoluble binder (12) receiving cell (10) has about 1/10 to 1/3 of the volume of the cell (9) of the barrier (2) largely floating on the water.

3. Oil barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass fibers (28, 30) of the fiber mats (11) with an epoxy and / or methylon or polyester resin, hardener, methyl polysiloxane or silicone methyl resin and dust binder existing binder (29) (hydrophobic) or a binder (31) (hydrophilic) for the fiber mats (12) consisting of epoxy and / or methylon or polyester resin, hardener and dust binder, which has previously been mixed to form an emulsion or as a single or multi-component material is sprayed onto the fibers.

4. Oil barrier according to claim 3, characterized in that the glass fibers (28, 30) are coated with 6-9% by weight epoxy and / or methylon resin, 0.5-4% by weight silicone resin and, as is known, a small amount of dust binder .

5. Oil barrier according to claim 1 to claim 4, characterized in that the water (6) immersing cell (10) of the barrier (2) is formed by a nose-shaped narrowing (15), both cells (9, 10) by one perforated hose (16) or a thin glass tile (35) or similar casing (37) are included.

6. Oil barrier according to claim 1 to claim 5, dadurchgekennzeichne that the fiber mat (11) for the large-volume cell (9) are made of around 3 μ thick glass fibers, a long-chain strength with silicone admixtures being used as the binding agent and a spatial density of around Have 80 kg / m ³ .

7. Oil barrier according to claim 1, so that the barrier (2) has brackets (17) which facilitate the laying work and taking back and the brackets (7) attached to the outside of the ships (3) are shaped in a corresponding manner.

8. Oil barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that more than two, preferably four cells (9, 10, 47, 48) with a downwardly decreasing diameter are connected to form a barrier (2) so as to be movable, the cells (9, 9 ', 9'') the storage cell and a wedge-shaped cell as a drag sword (46) forming the guide cell are put together.

9. Oil barrier according to claim 1, so that a trailing cable (44, 45) is preferably integrated into the overall body between the individual cells (9, 10, 47, 48) and is designed as a glass fiber cable.

10. Oil barrier according to claim 6, so that the binder consisting of long-chain starch and silicone is added in an amount of 6-8% (94-96% starch and 4-6% silicone).