WO1994016477A1 - Connecteur a blindage ameliore - Google Patents

Connecteur a blindage ameliore Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994016477A1
WO1994016477A1 PCT/US1993/012673 US9312673W WO9416477A1 WO 1994016477 A1 WO1994016477 A1 WO 1994016477A1 US 9312673 W US9312673 W US 9312673W WO 9416477 A1 WO9416477 A1 WO 9416477A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
shielding
connector
elements
square wave
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/012673
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Derek Andrews
Original Assignee
Berg Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Berg Technology, Inc. filed Critical Berg Technology, Inc.
Priority to EP94907120A priority Critical patent/EP0677215B1/fr
Priority to DE69331910T priority patent/DE69331910T2/de
Priority to JP51609994A priority patent/JP3270477B2/ja
Priority to KR1019950702693A priority patent/KR960700545A/ko
Priority to US08/454,397 priority patent/US5620340A/en
Publication of WO1994016477A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994016477A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658—High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
    • H01R13/6591—Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members
    • H01R13/6597—Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the conductive member being a contact of the connector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/652—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding   with earth pin, blade or socket
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658—High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
    • H01R13/6581—Shield structure
    • H01R13/6585—Shielding material individually surrounding or interposed between mutually spaced contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connector, comprising a body of electrically insulating material comprising contact holes each provided with an electrically conductive contact element, the connector further comprising shielding elements of electrically conductive plate material being disposed in the body.
  • the known connector comprises several shielding elements of different shape.
  • One of the known shielding elements has a square wave shape which has such dimensions that it encompasses all contact holes.
  • neighboring contact elements within contact holes of adjacent rows of contact holes are not shielded from each other by the square wave shaped shielding element.
  • additional shielding plates are applied which are arranged in such way as to shield neighboring contact elements of adjacent rows. These additional shielding plates are provided with appropriate slots to receive the square wave shaped shielding element in order to provide such an entire shielding structure that each contact element is shielded from any neighboring contact element.
  • such a combination of shielding elements is complex and the manufacturing of such a connector is complicated.
  • European patent application 0,074,205 discloses a connector for connecting conductors of coaxially shielded cables to contact pins arranged in one row on a board.
  • Each shielded cable has an external ground terminal of rectangular shape.
  • the contact pins on the board are surrounded by one square-wave shaped contact element, which is shaped in such a way that each "square wave” part may receive one external ground terminal of a shielded cable.
  • No connector having contact holes comprising contact elements and arranged in at least two columns and at least two rows are shown or described.
  • the external ground terminal of each cable has to be inserted in a "square wave" part of the square wave shaped contact element the dimensions of each of the "square wave parts are larger than of the outer ground terminals of the cables. This counteracts a design with minimum dimensions.
  • Connectors of the type mentioned above are used, for example, for connecting a large number of signal wires to a printed circuit board.
  • the connector is provided with a number of columns of contact holes with contact members disposed therein, two signal connections and one ground connection being effected, for example, in each column of contact members thus formed.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the above- mentioned drawbacks and to provide a connector in which the mutual interference of signal connections is essentially eliminated without fitting supplementary ground connections and without increasing the number of components of the connector.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a connector, which can be fabricated economically and by means of which, even at high signal frequencies, a large number of connections can be achieved reliably in a relatively small space.
  • the shielding elements are square wave shaped and are each arranged within one column, in such a way that each open part of each of the square wave shaped shielding elements is not adjacent to an open part of a neighboring square wave shaped shielding element.
  • simple standardized square wave shaped shielding elements may be applied within a connector, the shielding elements being arranged in such a way that none of the contact elements within the contact holes will suffer from electromagnetic interference from any of its neighboring contact elements.
  • At least one of the shielding elements for the purpose of contacting a ground contact member of a mating connector, may be provided with a resilient contact member which is integral with the shielding element.
  • a connector according to the invention may comprise at least one ground pin for the purpose of contacting a ground contact element of a mating connector, the ground pin extending from the connector and being electrically connected to at least one shielding element.
  • the contact elements may be formed by contact pins clamped in the contact holes, thus providing a male type connector.
  • the contact elements may comprise a set of contact springs arranged for contacting a contact pin of a mating connector, thus providing a female type connector.
  • the male type and female type connectors comprise the same type of square wave shaped shielding elements with equal dimensions, thus supporting the miniaturization of the connectors.
  • the shielding element of a male type connector is not inserted into the shielding element of the female type connector or vice versa but, if connected to each other, the ground pins provide for the ground connection between them.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view in partial Cross-Section of a connector assembly according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a rear view of the female connector of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a flat of a shielding element according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a shielding element according to the invention in perspective.
  • Figure 5 shows the male connector of Figure 1 in front view.
  • FIG. 6 shows further embodiments of the shielding element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a connector assembly according to the invention for use with a printed circuit board.
  • the connector assembly comprises a female connector 1 and a male connector 2.
  • the female connector 1 comprises a body 3 having, in the illustrative embodiment shown, continuous contact holes 5 and 7, the contact holes 5 serving to form signal connections and the contact hole 7 serving to form a ground connection.
  • a column of contact holes comprises five contact holes, namely four contact holes 5 and one contact hole 7, the column of contact members comprising four signal contact members in the holes 5 and one ground contact member in the hole 7. It will be evident, however, that other configurations can equally be employed, for example columns having three, six or more contact members.
  • a first shielding element 11 and a second shielding element 13 are further disposed.
  • the shielding elements 11 and 13 extend over virtually the whole length of the body 3.
  • the shielding elements 11 and 13 in this instance extend both in the plane of the drawing and transversely to the plane of the drawing.
  • the shielding elements 11 and 13 comprise shielding strips 15 and 17, respectively, which terminate in ground-connection lugs 19 and 21, respectively.
  • the shielding strips 15 and 17 run parallel to signal-connection lugs 23, which, for the sake of clarity of the drawing, are shown only in part and which are connected to the contact members 9. Although in the illustrative embodiment shown no mutual vertical shielding is provided of those parts of the connecting lugs 23 which are outside the body 3, .the presence of air instead of plastic between the signal connections in most cases provides a sufficient degree of insulation, so that there is virtually no mutual interference between the signal connections. It is therefore advantageously possible to dispense with vertical (in the drawing) shielding.
  • the female connector 1 is further provided with a positioning member 25 for positioning the body 3 in the body 4 of the male connector 2, and with a mounting pin 27 (shown only in part) for mounting the female connector 1 on a printed circuit board (not shown) .
  • the body 4 of the male connector 2 is provided with signal contact pins 6, electrically insulated with respect to one another, and a ground-contact pin 8. Between the contact pins, and electrically insulated with respect thereto, a first shielding element to and a second shielding element 12 are disposed which, as will be explained in more detail with reference to Figure 5, like the shielding elements 11 and 13 extend both in the plane of the drawing and transversely thereto.
  • the first shielding 10 and the second shielding 12 of the male connector 2 are provided with contact lugs 14 and 16, respectively.
  • the body 4 and the contact lugs 14 and 16 are designed in such a way that the contact pin 8 is firmly clamped between the contact lugs 14 and 16, thus ensuring good electrical contact therebetween.
  • the shieldings 10 and 12 are connected to one another and, via the contact pins 8, to ground.
  • the contact lugs 14 and 16 form one whole plate with the shielding element 10 and the shielding element 12, respectively, a very simple and effective construction being achieved thereby.
  • the first shielding element 11 and the second shielding element 13 of the female connector are provided with a contact lug 29 and a contact lug 31, respectively, for contacting the ground-contact pin 8.
  • the contact lugs 29 and 31 form one whole plate with the shielding elements 11 and 13, respectively.
  • the contact lugs 29 and 31 form a further ground-contact member disposed in the contact hole 7.
  • the contact lugs 29 and 31, compared to the contact lugs 14 and 16, exert a relatively light contact pressure.
  • the contact lugs 29 and 31 are designed to be slightly curved near their ends.
  • the female connector 1 of Figure 1 is shown in rear view and in a partially sectional view.
  • the embodiment shown of the connector according to the invention comprises six columns of contact holes 5 and 7.
  • a shielding element 11 or 13, respectively is disposed which encloses the contact holes 5 at least partially.
  • the shielding elements in the illustrative embodiment shown, have a shape which approximatelY corresponds to the digit 2 or the mirror image of the letter 5. Owing to this shape, each contact hole 5 is surrounded on at least three sides, and is thus shielded, while the shielding element of an adjacent column of contact holes provides shielding on a fourth side.
  • Figure 2 shows aligning members 35, which facilitate the alignment and centering of the female connector 1 on a printed circuit board (not shown) provided with centering holes.
  • Figure 3 shows a flat of a shielding element 11, the folding lines, about which the flat must be folded to achieve the shape illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, being indicated by broken lines.
  • the shielding strips 15, which are provided with connecting lugs 19, like the contact lug 29 form one whole plate with the shielding element 11.
  • the shielding element 11 is preferably provided with a notch 33.
  • the shielding element 13 has a corresponding shape, the dimensions of the shielding strips 17 being smaller, however, than those of the shielding strips is of the shielding element 11, and the contact spring 31 being disposed in a different position.
  • the shielding elements 10 and 12 may be formed in a corresponding manner from flat plate material.
  • the shielding element 11 of Figure 3 is shown perspectively in the folded state. It can likewise be clearly seen from Figure 4 that the contact lug 29 forms one whole plate with the shielding element 11, which makes it unnecessary to fit the shielding element 11 with a separate supplementary contact member for contacting a ground connection, such as a contact pin 8.
  • Figure 5 shows the male connector 2 of Figure 1 in front view, the contact pins 6 and 8 being shown in a sectional view.
  • the body 4 is provided with contact holes 18 and 20, which accommodate the contact pins 6 and 8, respectively.
  • the shielding elements 10 and 12 in the embodiment shown, have a shape which roughly corresponds to the digit 2 or the mirror image of the letter 5. Owing to this shape, good mutual shielding is achieved for all contact holes, using a minimum number of components, while the mechanical strength of the body 4 is not affected.
  • the assembly of the body 4 (or 3, respectively) and the shielding elements 10 and 12 (or 11 and 13, respectively) can be achieved either by fitting the body with grooves, into which the shielding elements are pushed subsequently, or by forming the body directly around the shielding elements, for example by injection molding.
  • the contact lugs 14 and 16 form one whole plate with the shielding elements 10 and 12, respectively.
  • Figure 6 illustrates diagrammatically several other possible shapes of the shielding elements 10, 11, 12 and 13.
  • Figure 6a shows how a single shielding element 10 can be used to achieve shielding of the contact pins 6 of two columns.
  • the contact spring 14 contacts the ground-contact pin 8 in the contact hole 20 at the top.
  • Figure 6b shows an embodiment, in which the contact pin 8 disposed in the contact hole 20 is contacted laterally.
  • the ground- contact pin 8 is likewise contacted laterally. While this embodiment does provide mutual shielding of the contact pins 6, the lowermost contact hole is not shielded with respect to the contact pins 8.
  • the contact pin a is a ground pin, this does not present a problem.
  • Figure 6d shows how a more rounded shape can be used to obtain effective shielding, while achieving at the same time an advantageous impedance value.
  • the shielding elements and of the connectors are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the invention can also be used in connectors which are not equipped for mounting on a printed circuit board.
  • the shielding elements which in the embodiments shown are positioned mainly vertically, may extend mainly horizontally instead of vertically. Using the shielding elements according to the invention, effective shielding will always be achieved in a simple manner.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

Connecteur (1) comprenant un corps (3) composé d'un matériau d'isolation électrique présentant des trous de contact (5, 7) dont chacun est pourvu d'un élément de contact électroconducteur (9), et qui sont disposés en au moins deux colonnes et en au moins deux rangées, les colonnes étant longitudinales. Le connecteur comprend en outre des éléments de blindage (11, 13), composés d'un matériau électroconducteur en plaque et disposés dans le corps, ces éléments de blindage présentant un profil d'ondulations carrées, et étant disposés en une seule colonne de manière que chaque partie ouverte de ces profils d'ondulations carrées ne soit pas adjacente à une partie ouverte d'un profil d'ondulations carrées contigu.
PCT/US1993/012673 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 Connecteur a blindage ameliore WO1994016477A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94907120A EP0677215B1 (fr) 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 Connecteur a blindage ameliore
DE69331910T DE69331910T2 (de) 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 Ein verbinder mit verbesserter abschirmung
JP51609994A JP3270477B2 (ja) 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 改善されたシールドを有するコネクタ
KR1019950702693A KR960700545A (ko) 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 개선된 절연체를 구비하는 커넥터(A Connector with Improved Shielding)
US08/454,397 US5620340A (en) 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 Connector with improved shielding

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9202301 1992-12-31
NL9202301A NL9202301A (nl) 1992-12-31 1992-12-31 Connector met verbeterde afscherming.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994016477A1 true WO1994016477A1 (fr) 1994-07-21

Family

ID=19861712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1993/012673 WO1994016477A1 (fr) 1992-12-31 1993-12-30 Connecteur a blindage ameliore

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0677215B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3270477B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960700545A (fr)
DE (1) DE69331910T2 (fr)
NL (1) NL9202301A (fr)
SG (1) SG47908A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW232755B (fr)
WO (1) WO1994016477A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0853352A2 (fr) * 1997-01-14 1998-07-15 Molex Incorporated Connecteurs électriques
EP0907225A2 (fr) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-07 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Connecteur ayant une isolation électrique dans des zones à haute densité
EP0939456A2 (fr) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-01 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Boíte de blindage modulaire pour la formation d'une embase coaxiale
EP1018784A1 (fr) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-12 FCI's Hertogenbosch BV Connecteur blindé et procédé de fabrication
WO2000010233A3 (fr) * 1998-08-12 2000-10-05 Robinson Nugent Inc Dispositif de connexion
EP1049201A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Embase de connexion pour le montage sur une plaquette de circuit
US6231391B1 (en) 1999-08-12 2001-05-15 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Connector apparatus
WO2001057961A1 (fr) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-09 Teradyne, Inc. Connecteur muni de moyens de protection
EP1241735A2 (fr) * 2001-03-14 2002-09-18 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connecteur pour la transmission à grande vitesse
US6478624B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2002-11-12 Robinson Nugent, Inc. High speed connector
SG106043A1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2004-09-30 Framatome Connectors Int Shielded header

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7101224B2 (en) * 2003-09-09 2006-09-05 3M Innovation Properties Company Interconnect system
US7513797B2 (en) * 2004-02-27 2009-04-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Connector apparatus
JP5727765B2 (ja) * 2010-11-30 2015-06-03 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 コネクタ
JP5707913B2 (ja) * 2010-12-09 2015-04-30 ソニー株式会社 送信装置および受信装置
JP6114661B2 (ja) * 2013-08-23 2017-04-12 日本航空電子工業株式会社 コネクタ
US9407045B2 (en) * 2014-12-16 2016-08-02 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical connector with joined ground shields
DE102018202939B4 (de) * 2018-02-27 2019-12-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stecker zur Aufnahme von elektrischen Leitungen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4571014A (en) * 1984-05-02 1986-02-18 At&T Bell Laboratories High frequency modular connector
US4846727A (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-07-11 Amp Incorporated Reference conductor for improving signal integrity in electrical connectors
US4898546A (en) * 1988-12-16 1990-02-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ground plane shield device for right angle connectors
US4984992A (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-01-15 Amp Incorporated Cable connector with a low inductance path

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE18106T1 (de) * 1981-08-24 1986-03-15 Gore & Ass Verbinder fuer ein abgeschirmtes koaxialkabel.
US4632476A (en) * 1985-08-30 1986-12-30 At&T Bell Laboratories Terminal grounding unit
NL9000578A (nl) * 1990-03-14 1991-10-01 Burndy Electra Nv Connectorsamenstel voor printkaarten.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4571014A (en) * 1984-05-02 1986-02-18 At&T Bell Laboratories High frequency modular connector
US4846727A (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-07-11 Amp Incorporated Reference conductor for improving signal integrity in electrical connectors
US4898546A (en) * 1988-12-16 1990-02-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ground plane shield device for right angle connectors
US4984992A (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-01-15 Amp Incorporated Cable connector with a low inductance path

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0677215A4 *

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0853352A2 (fr) * 1997-01-14 1998-07-15 Molex Incorporated Connecteurs électriques
EP0853352A3 (fr) * 1997-01-14 1999-08-04 Molex Incorporated Connecteurs électriques
EP0907225A2 (fr) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-07 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Connecteur ayant une isolation électrique dans des zones à haute densité
CN100350678C (zh) * 1997-10-01 2007-11-21 连接器系统技术股份有限公司 用于密集区的电隔离的连接器
EP0907225A3 (fr) * 1997-10-01 2001-01-31 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Connecteur ayant une isolation électrique dans des zones à haute densité
EP0939456A2 (fr) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-01 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Boíte de blindage modulaire pour la formation d'une embase coaxiale
EP0939456A3 (fr) * 1998-02-27 2001-08-01 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Boíte de blindage modulaire pour la formation d'une embase coaxiale
WO2000010233A3 (fr) * 1998-08-12 2000-10-05 Robinson Nugent Inc Dispositif de connexion
US6146202A (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-11-14 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Connector apparatus
EP1939989A1 (fr) 1998-08-12 2008-07-02 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Appareil de connexion
EP1939990A1 (fr) * 1998-08-12 2008-07-02 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Appareil de connexion
US6371813B2 (en) 1998-08-12 2002-04-16 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Connector apparatus
EP1450442A2 (fr) * 1998-08-12 2004-08-25 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Dispositif de connexion
EP1450442A3 (fr) * 1998-08-12 2004-12-01 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Dispositif de connexion
EP1018784A1 (fr) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-12 FCI's Hertogenbosch BV Connecteur blindé et procédé de fabrication
EP1049201A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Embase de connexion pour le montage sur une plaquette de circuit
CN1310384C (zh) * 1999-04-29 2007-04-11 连接器系统工艺公司 安装到电路板上的底座组件
SG106043A1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2004-09-30 Framatome Connectors Int Shielded header
US6231391B1 (en) 1999-08-12 2001-05-15 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Connector apparatus
US6506076B2 (en) 2000-02-03 2003-01-14 Teradyne, Inc. Connector with egg-crate shielding
WO2001057961A1 (fr) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-09 Teradyne, Inc. Connecteur muni de moyens de protection
US6478624B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2002-11-12 Robinson Nugent, Inc. High speed connector
EP1241735A3 (fr) * 2001-03-14 2003-08-20 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connecteur pour la transmission à grande vitesse
EP1241735A2 (fr) * 2001-03-14 2002-09-18 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connecteur pour la transmission à grande vitesse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0677215B1 (fr) 2002-05-08
TW232755B (fr) 1994-10-21
KR960700545A (ko) 1996-01-20
DE69331910T2 (de) 2002-11-21
JP3270477B2 (ja) 2002-04-02
JPH08505732A (ja) 1996-06-18
SG47908A1 (en) 1998-04-17
EP0677215A1 (fr) 1995-10-18
NL9202301A (nl) 1994-07-18
DE69331910D1 (de) 2002-06-13
EP0677215A4 (fr) 1996-02-07

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